Negative electrode structure and battery

Abstract

The invention discloses a negative electrode structure and a battery, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The negative electrode structure comprises a film body. An adsorption channel is formed in the membrane body, and a metal adsorption layer is arranged on the inner wall of the adsorption channel and is used for adsorbing lithium ions. The negative electrode structure and the battery have the characteristics of relatively high charging capacity and relatively high charging and discharging capacity.

Description

[0001] The present application is a divisional application of the parent application No. CN202110190767.5, filed on February 18, 2021, entitled "Novel Negative Electrode Structure and Battery". TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a negative electrode structure and a battery. BACKGROUND

[0003] With the rapid development of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and grid energy storage technology, lithium batteries are increasingly applied to the above-mentioned fields. However, the carbon of the negative electrode of the existing lithium battery has a layered structure, and there are many micropores on it. The lithium ions reaching the negative electrode are embedded in the micropores of the carbon layer, but the number of embedded lithium ions is limited, which limits the charging capacity.

[0004] Therefore, it is particularly important to develop and design a negative electrode structure and a battery that can solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a negative electrode structure and a battery, both of which have the characteristics of larger charging capacity and stronger charging and discharging ability.

[0006] The present application provides a technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a negative electrode structure, which comprises a film body.

[0008] An adsorption channel is formed on the film body, and a metal adsorption layer is arranged on the inner wall of the adsorption channel, and the metal adsorption layer is used for adsorbing lithium ions.

[0009] In a first implementation manner of the first aspect, the metal adsorption layer and the opening of the adsorption channel have a spacing.

[0010] In a second implementation manner of the first aspect, the adsorption channel penetrates through the film body.

[0011] In a third implementation manner of the first aspect, the film body comprises a first separator and a second separator, a first separator channel is arranged through the first separator, a second separator channel is arranged through the second separator, the first separator and the second separator are attached, and the first separator channel and the second separator channel are communicated to jointly form the adsorption channel.

[0012] Part of the metal adsorption layer is arranged on the inner wall of the first diaphragm channel close to the second diaphragm channel, and part of the metal adsorption layer is arranged on the inner wall of the second diaphragm channel close to the first diaphragm channel.

[0013] With reference to the first aspect and the implementation forms thereof, in a fourth implementation form of the first aspect, the first diaphragm channel comprises a first adsorption section and a first adsorption groove in communication with each other, and the second diaphragm channel comprises a second adsorption section and a second adsorption groove in communication with each other, the first adsorption groove is located on the side of the first diaphragm close to the second diaphragm, and the second adsorption groove is located on the side of the second diaphragm close to the first diaphragm.

[0014] The opening of the first adsorption groove corresponds to the opening of the second adsorption groove, so that the first diaphragm channel, the first adsorption groove, the second diaphragm channel and the second adsorption groove jointly form the adsorption channel, and the metal adsorption layer is arranged on the inner wall of the first adsorption groove and the inner wall of the second adsorption groove, respectively.

[0015] With reference to the first aspect and the implementation forms thereof, in a fifth implementation form of the first aspect, the side wall of the first adsorption groove is arranged obliquely towards the second adsorption groove, and the side wall of the second adsorption groove is arranged obliquely towards the first adsorption groove.

[0016] With reference to the first aspect and the implementation forms thereof, in a sixth implementation form of the first aspect, the first adsorption groove extends along the side of the first diaphragm on which the first adsorption groove is located, the number of the first adsorption sections is a plurality, and the plurality of first adsorption sections are arranged in sequence and at intervals along the extension direction of the first adsorption groove, and all extend to the bottom wall of the first adsorption groove to communicate with the first adsorption groove.

[0017] With reference to the first aspect and the implementation forms thereof, in a seventh implementation form of the first aspect, the number of the first adsorption grooves is a plurality, and the plurality of first adsorption grooves are arranged in sequence and at intervals, and one first adsorption groove communicates with a plurality of first adsorption sections.

[0018] With reference to the first aspect and the implementation forms thereof, in an eighth implementation form of the first aspect, the negative electrode structure comprises a plurality of membrane bodies, and the plurality of membrane bodies are arranged in layers, and the adsorption channels of the adjacent two membrane bodies communicate with each other.

[0019] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a battery comprising the negative electrode structure. The negative electrode structure comprises a membrane body, an adsorption channel is formed in the membrane body, a metal adsorption layer is arranged on the inner wall of the adsorption channel, and the metal adsorption layer is used for adsorbing lithium ions.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the negative electrode structure provided by the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects relative to the prior art:

[0021] The negative electrode structure comprises a film body, an adsorption channel is formed in the film body, and a metal adsorption layer is arranged on the inner wall of the adsorption channel to adsorb lithium ions through the metal adsorption layer. In this way, during the charging process of the battery, lithium ions are embedded on the metal adsorption layer in the adsorption channel after reaching the film body. The space in the adsorption channel is large, and can store more lithium ions. In addition, the diffusion speed of the lithium ions is fast, which improves the charging capacity and charge-discharge capacity of the negative electrode structure. Moreover, the negative electrode structure adopts the structure of arranging an adsorption channel in the film body and adsorbing lithium ions through the metal adsorption layer on the inner wall of the adsorption channel, which can reduce the harm of lithium dendrites and has a small volume.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the battery provided by the embodiment of the present application relative to the prior art are the same as those of the negative electrode structure described above relative to the prior art, and will not be described here again.

[0023] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail below, and the accompanying drawings are described as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 The structure of the negative electrode structure provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in the structure cutaway view.

[0026] Figure 2 The structure of the negative electrode structure provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown in the structure cutaway view.

[0027] Figure legend: 10-negative electrode structure; 12-film body; 121-first diaphragm; 1211-first diaphragm channel; 1212-first adsorption section; 1213-first adsorption groove; 122-second diaphragm; 1221-second diaphragm channel; 1222-second adsorption section; 1223-second adsorption groove; 15-adsorption channel; 16-metal adsorption layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will be combined with the accompanying drawings to make a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0029] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. The terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art, and are merely used for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore, cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, cannot be understood as limiting the present application. The terms "first", "second", and the like are merely used for differentiation in description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "include", "contain" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including a" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0030] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "arranged", "connected" and the like should be broadly understood, for example, "connected" can be fixedly connected, or detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or can be the internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Embodiment:

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The structural cross-sectional schematic view of the negative electrode structure 10 provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0034] The negative electrode structure 10 has the characteristics of large charging capacity and strong charging and discharging capability. The negative electrode structure 10 can be applied to a battery and a battery system, and when the negative electrode structure 10 is applied to the battery, the negative electrode structure 10 can be arranged close to a positive electrode structure of the battery, so that the battery can perform the charging and discharging process. Since the battery adopts the negative electrode structure provided by the embodiment of the application, the battery also has the characteristics of large charging capacity and strong charging and discharging capability.

[0035] The structure, working principle and beneficial effects of the negative electrode structure 10 provided by the embodiment of the application will be specifically introduced below.

[0036] Please continue to refer to Figure 1 The negative electrode structure 10 includes a film body 12, and an adsorption channel 15 is formed in the film body 12. A metal adsorption layer 16 is arranged on the inner wall of the adsorption channel 15 to adsorb lithium ions through the metal adsorption layer 16. In this way, during the charging process of the battery, lithium ions reach the film body 12 and are embedded on the metal adsorption layer 16 in the adsorption channel 15. The space in the adsorption channel 15 is large, and can store more lithium ions, and the diffusion speed of the lithium ions is fast, which improves the charging capacity and the charging and discharging capability of the negative electrode structure 10. In addition, the adsorption channel 15 is arranged on the film body 12, and the lithium ions are adsorbed through the metal adsorption layer 16 on the inner wall of the adsorption channel 15, which can reduce the harm of lithium dendrites and has a small volume.

[0037] It should be noted that in the embodiment, the metal adsorption layer 16 is a metal plating layer on the inner wall of the adsorption channel 15, which can be copper, nickel, platinum or the like. In other embodiments, the metal adsorption layer 16 can also be arranged in the adsorption channel 15 in other processing and installation modes.

[0038] Further, the metal adsorption layer 16 and the opening of the adsorption channel 15 have a spacing. In other words, the metal adsorption layer 16 and the opening of the adsorption channel 15 have a distance, so as to further reduce the harm of lithium dendrites.

[0039] In addition, the adsorption channel 15 can penetrate the film body 12. In order to further improve the diffusion speed of the lithium ions, improve the charging and discharging capability of the negative electrode structure 10, and reduce the probability of forming lithium dendrites.

[0040] Please continue to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 2 The negative electrode structure 10 provided by the embodiment of the application is a three-dimensional structure diagram.

[0041] The membrane body 12 may include a first diaphragm 121 and a second diaphragm 122, wherein a first diaphragm channel 1211 is provided through the first diaphragm 121, and a second diaphragm channel 1221 is provided through the second diaphragm 122. The first diaphragm 121 and the second diaphragm 122 are bonded together to form the membrane body 12, and the first diaphragm channel 1211 and the second diaphragm channel 1221 are connected to form an adsorption channel 15. A portion of the metal adsorption layer 16 is provided on the inner wall of the first diaphragm channel 1211 near the second diaphragm channel 1221, and a portion of the metal adsorption layer 16 is provided on the inner wall of the second diaphragm channel 1221 near the first diaphragm channel 1211, so that after the first diaphragm 121 and the second diaphragm 122 are bonded together, the metal adsorption layer 16 is formed. The membrane body 12 is formed by laminating two separators, and the metal adsorption layer 16 is approximately located in the middle of the two separators, so as to facilitate the processing of the metal adsorption layer 16 and improve the convenience of production and processing of the negative electrode structure 10.

[0042] Furthermore, the first diaphragm channel 1211 includes a first adsorption section 1212 and a first adsorption groove 1213 that are interconnected, and the second diaphragm channel 1221 includes a second adsorption section 1222 and a second adsorption groove 1223 that are interconnected, and the first adsorption groove 1213 is located on the side of the first diaphragm 121 close to the second diaphragm 122, and the second adsorption groove 1223 is located on the side of the second diaphragm 122 close to the first diaphragm 121, and the opening of the first adsorption groove 1213 corresponds to the opening of the second adsorption groove 1223, so that the first diaphragm channel 1211, the first adsorption groove 1213, and the second diaphragm channel 1221 and the second adsorption groove 1223 together form an adsorption channel 15, and the metal adsorption layer 16 is respectively arranged on the inner wall of the first adsorption groove 1213 and the inner wall of the second adsorption groove 1223. In other words, after the first diaphragm 121 and the second diaphragm 122 are attached, the first adsorption groove 1213 and the second adsorption groove 1223 together form an adsorption space for adsorbing lithium ions. Lithium ions are adsorbed by the metal adsorption layer 16 on the inner walls of the two docking grooves. The adsorption space is larger and can store more lithium ions, thereby improving the charging capacity of the negative electrode structure 10. The larger adsorption space makes the diffusion rate of lithium ions faster.

[0043] It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the first diaphragm channel 1211 and the second diaphragm channel 1221 may also be spaces within the opening.

[0044] Further, the side wall of the first adsorption groove 1213 is inclined towards the second adsorption groove 1223, and the side wall of the second adsorption groove 1223 is inclined towards the first adsorption groove 1213, in other words, the inner side wall of the groove gradually increases in diameter in the direction from the opening of the groove to the opening, and the opening of the groove is generally wide, thereby further increasing the area of the lithium ion adsorption layer 16 and the space for adsorbing lithium ions.

[0045] Further, the first adsorption groove 1213 extends along the side of the first diaphragm 121 where the first adsorption groove 1213 is located, and the number of the first adsorption sections 1212 is multiple, and the multiple first adsorption sections 1212 are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the first adsorption groove 1213 and extend to the bottom wall of the first adsorption groove 1213 to communicate with the first adsorption groove 1213, in other words, one end of each of the multiple first adsorption sections 1212 communicates through the first adsorption groove 1213, and after the lithium ions reach the diaphragm 12, they can enter the first adsorption groove 1213 through different first adsorption sections 1212, the space in the strip-shaped first adsorption groove 1213 is large, and the lithium ions can diffuse along the extension direction of the first adsorption groove 1213, so that the diffusion speed of the lithium ions is faster, and the probability of forming lithium dendrites is reduced.

[0046] It should be noted that the second adsorption groove 1223 extends along the side of the second diaphragm 122 where the second adsorption groove 1223 is located, and the number of the second adsorption sections 1222 is also multiple, and the multiple second adsorption sections 1222 are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the second adsorption groove 1223 and extend to the bottom wall of the second adsorption groove 1223 to communicate with the second adsorption groove 1223, and the structure is similar to that of the first adsorption groove 1213 and the first adsorption section 1212, which will not be described here.

[0047] Further, the number of the first adsorption grooves 1213 can be multiple, and the multiple first adsorption grooves 1213 are arranged in sequence and in intervals, and one first adsorption groove 1213 communicates with multiple first adsorption sections 1212 to further increase the space for adsorbing lithium ions.

[0048] In addition, the negative electrode structure 10 can also include multiple diaphragms 12, and the multiple diaphragms 12 are stacked and arranged, and the adsorption channels 15 of the adjacent two diaphragms 12 communicate to form a larger adsorption space through the multiple communicating adsorption channels 15.

[0049] The working principle of the negative electrode structure 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0050] The negative electrode structure 10 comprises a film body 12, and an adsorption channel 15 is formed in the film body 12, and a metal adsorption layer 16 is arranged on the inner wall of the adsorption channel 15 to adsorb lithium ions through the metal adsorption layer 16. In this way, during the charging of the battery, the lithium ions are embedded on the metal adsorption layer 16 in the adsorption channel 15 after reaching the film body 12, the space in the adsorption channel 15 is large, and more lithium ions can be stored, and the diffusion speed of the lithium ions is fast, the charging capacity and the charge-discharge capacity of the negative electrode structure 10 are improved, and the negative electrode structure 10 has a small volume.

[0051] In summary:

[0052] The negative electrode structure provided by the embodiment of the present application has the characteristics of large charging capacity and strong charge-discharge capacity.

[0053] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the features in the above-described embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict, and the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. Moreover, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims shall be included in the present application. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims.

Claims

1. A negative electrode structure, characterized in that: including a membrane body (12); An adsorption channel (15) is provided on the membrane body (12), and a metal adsorption layer (16) is provided on the inner wall of the adsorption channel (15), and the metal adsorption layer (16) is used to adsorb lithium ions; There is a gap between the metal adsorption layer (16) and the opening of the adsorption channel (15); The adsorption channel (15) passes through the membrane body (12).

2. The negative electrode structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The membrane body (12) comprises a first diaphragm (121) and a second diaphragm (122), the first diaphragm (121) and the second diaphragm (122) are bonded together, and the metal adsorption layer (16) is located between the first diaphragm (121) and the second diaphragm (122).

3. The negative electrode structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first diaphragm channel (1211) is provided through the first diaphragm (121), a second diaphragm channel (1221) is provided through the second diaphragm (122), and the first diaphragm channel (1211) and the second diaphragm channel (1221) are communicated to form the adsorption channel (15). Part of the metal adsorption layer (16) is arranged on the inner wall of the first diaphragm channel (1211) close to the second diaphragm channel (1221), and part of the metal adsorption layer (16) is arranged on the inner wall of the second diaphragm channel (1221) close to the first diaphragm channel (1211).

4. The negative electrode structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first diaphragm channel (1211) comprises a first adsorption section (1212) and a first adsorption groove (1213) that are interconnected, and the second diaphragm channel (1221) comprises a second adsorption section (1222) and a second adsorption groove (1223) that are interconnected, the first adsorption groove (1213) is located on a side of the first diaphragm (121) close to the second diaphragm (122), and the second adsorption groove (1223) is located on a side of the second diaphragm (122) close to the first diaphragm (121); The opening of the first adsorption groove (1213) corresponds to the opening of the second adsorption groove (1223), so that the first diaphragm channel (1211), the first adsorption groove (1213), the second diaphragm channel (1221) and the second adsorption groove (1223) together form the adsorption channel (15), and the metal adsorption layer (16) is respectively arranged on the inner wall of the first adsorption groove (1213) and the inner wall of the second adsorption groove (1223).

5. The negative electrode structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The side wall of the first adsorption groove (1213) is tilted toward the second adsorption groove (1223), and the side wall of the second adsorption groove (1223) is tilted toward the first adsorption groove (1213).

6. The negative electrode structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first adsorption groove (1213) extends along the side surface of the first diaphragm (121) where the first adsorption groove (1213) is located. The number of the first adsorption segments (1212) is multiple, and the multiple first adsorption segments (1212) are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the first adsorption groove (1213) at intervals, and all extend to the bottom wall of the first adsorption groove (1213) to communicate with the first adsorption groove (1213).

7. The negative electrode structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: There are a plurality of first adsorption grooves (1213), and the plurality of first adsorption grooves (1213) are arranged in sequence and spaced apart, and one first adsorption groove (1213) is connected to a plurality of first adsorption sections (1212).

8. The negative electrode structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The negative electrode structure (10) comprises a plurality of membrane bodies (12), wherein the plurality of membrane bodies (12) are stacked and the adsorption channels (15) of two adjacent membrane bodies (12) are connected.

9. The negative electrode structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The metal adsorption layer (16) is a metal coating on the inner wall of the adsorption channel (15).

10. A battery, characterized in that: The negative electrode structure comprises the negative electrode structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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