Engine coupling magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device

Abstract

The invention aims to provide an engine coupling magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device, and belongs to the field of hydrogen storage materials. Comprising a solid hydrogen storage material pyrolytic reaction module, a zero-carbon engine module and a hydrogen fuel cell module. By designing a pyrolytic reaction structure for closed-loop supply of the solid hydrogen storage material, the supply rate of reactants is stable, and continuous and stable supply of hydrogen and full utilization of the reactants are realized. A waste heat recovery and heat exchange mode coupled with a zero-carbon engine is adopted, a proper reaction environment is provided for the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material, and efficient recovery and utilization of ammonia combustion reaction waste heat are achieved. A hydrogen ignition mode is adopted, the hydrogen inlet channel is used for jetting ignition, the ammonia combustion reaction process is accelerated, and therefore the combustion efficiency is improved, combustion is supported through hydrogen, and the combustion effect is further guaranteed. By combining a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen is subjected to reaction power generation through a fuel cell module and then is stored in the cell, so that pyrolytic reaction power generation of the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a power generation device, in particular, a hydrogen storage fuel power generation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen, as a clean energy, can achieve zero carbon emissions, and is an ideal energy medium for green and sustainable energy transformation. In the hydrogen industry chain, fuel cells have become a research hotspot due to the advantages of high hydrogen combustion heat value, small application pollution, etc. As the fuel of fuel cells, hydrogen needs to meet the conditions of high hydrogen storage density and stable supply rate to achieve high energy density of fuel cell power systems. In current hydrogen storage technology, solid-state hydrogen storage has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density, high energy utilization rate, and safer use, and is a key technical means for efficient hydrogen production and storage. Among them, magnesium borohydride is considered one of the solid-state hydrogen storage materials with the strongest hydrogen storage capacity in current applicable research due to its strong hydrogen storage capacity, abundant natural reserves, and easy-to-operate hydrogen production process, and is an ideal hydrogen storage medium for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells.

[0003] However, the pyrolysis of solid-state hydrogen storage materials to produce hydrogen has problems such as low dehydrogenation efficiency, uncontrollable dehydrogenation reaction rate, and poor stability of hydrogen production process, which affects the supply density and stability of hydrogen. The supply density and stability of hydrogen are crucial to the quality and power generation rate of fuel cells, and are important links to ensure the continuous operation of power generation devices. Therefore, how to safely and stably and continuously pyrolyze hydrogen storage materials to produce hydrogen is a problem that needs to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device coupled with an engine, which can ensure uniform delivery of hydrogen to fuel cells and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0005] The purpose of the present application is achieved as follows:

[0006] The hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device coupled with an engine of the present application is characterized in that it comprises a zero-carbon engine, an ammonia storage bottle, a hydrogen storage bottle, a mixer, a buffer bottle, a hydrogen collection unit, and a hydrogen fuel cell. The gas inlet pipeline of the zero-carbon engine is connected to the hydrogen gas rail and the mixer, respectively. The mixer is connected to the first electromagnetic three-way valve and the second electromagnetic three-way valve, respectively, and is in communication with the external air. The first electromagnetic three-way valve is also connected to the hydrogen gas rail and the hydrogen storage bottle. The second electromagnetic three-way valve is also connected to the ammonia storage bottle and the buffer bottle. The hydrogen collection unit is connected to the hydrogen storage bottle and the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively.

[0007] The present application can also include:

[0008] 1. It also comprises a pyrolysis reactor, a hydrogen storage material mixing injector, a hydrogen storage material storage barrel, a product recovery chamber, the hydrogen storage material mixing injector is connected with the hydrogen collection unit, the hydrogen storage material storage barrel and the pyrolysis reactor respectively, the hydrogen outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected with the hydrogen storage bottle, the recovery pipeline of the pyrolysis reactor is connected with the hydrogen storage material storage barrel through a flow stabilizer, and the pyrolysis reactor is connected with the product recovery chamber below.

[0009] 2. The buffer bottle is connected with the post-processing device through an electromagnetic reversing valve.

[0010] 3. The zero-carbon engine is connected with a cooling unit and an oil tank respectively, and the cooling unit and the oil tank are connected with an oil pump.

[0011] 4. A heating plate is arranged in the pyrolysis reactor, and the heating plate exchanges heat with the engine through a first heat exchanger.

[0012] 5. A second heat exchanger is arranged between the ammonia storage bottle and a second electromagnetic three-way valve.

[0013] 6. The hydrogen fuel cell is connected with a storage battery.

[0014] 7. When the zero-carbon engine starts, hydrogen fuel is supplied first, the hydrogen fuel in the hydrogen storage bottle reaches a first electromagnetic three-way valve after passing through a pressure reducer, the hydrogen fuel is divided into two parts, one part reaches a hydrogen rail, and the hydrogen fuel is sprayed into the engine cylinder by a hydrogen injection unit, the other part of the hydrogen fuel enters a mixer through a pipeline; at the same time of hydrogen fuel supply, external air enters the mixer after passing through a turbocharger, ammonia fuel in the ammonia storage bottle is regulated in pressure by a pressure reducer first, and then enters a second heat exchanger, the preheated ammonia fuel reaches a second electromagnetic three-way valve and is divided into two parts: one part enters the mixer to mix with hydrogen fuel and air, and the other part enters an ammonia fuel post-processing device through a buffer bottle and an electromagnetic reversing valve for recovery treatment; then the mixed gas is transported into the cylinder of the zero-carbon engine, the hydrogen fuel is used as an ignition agent to ignite the mixed gas, and the working cycle of the engine is started.

[0015] 8、When the hydrogen fuel cell enters the continuous power supply mode, the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage material storage barrel enters the hydrogen storage material mixing injector through the conveying pipeline; the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen gas collecting unit reaches the mixing injector through the gas conveying pipeline, mixes with the solid-state hydrogen storage material to form a gas-solid mixture, and the mixture is injected into the pyrolysis reactor; in the pyrolysis reactor, the solid-state hydrogen storage material is in contact with the heating plate to perform the pyrolysis reaction, the heating plate is connected with the heat exchanger, and the engine exhaust gas is used for heat exchange, under the action of high temperature, the solid-state hydrogen storage material performs the pyrolysis reaction to generate hydrogen gas, the hydrogen gas generated in the reactor enters the hydrogen storage bottle, part of which is supplied to the zero-carbon engine as fuel, and the remaining part is conveyed to the hydrogen gas collecting unit for storage, forming a hydrogen gas recycling system; the pyrolysis product after the pyrolysis reaction enters the product recovery chamber for recovery treatment; the hydrogen storage material that is not completely reacted is conveyed to the hydrogen storage material storage barrel for reuse through the reactor discharge port and the flow stabilizer.

[0016] The advantages of the present application are:

[0017] 1、The present application designs a pyrolysis reaction structure of the solid-state hydrogen storage material closed loop supply, so that the reaction material supply rate is stable, and the continuous and stable supply of hydrogen gas and the full utilization of the reaction material are realized.

[0018] 2、The present application couples the ammonia engine waste heat recovery heat exchange mode to provide a suitable reaction environment for the magnesium-based hydrogen storage material and realize efficient recovery and utilization of the ammonia combustion reaction waste heat.

[0019] 3、The present application adopts the hydrogen gas ignition mode, uses hydrogen gas injection to ignite and accelerate the ammonia combustion reaction process, thereby improving the combustion efficiency, and uses hydrogen gas to assist combustion, further ensuring the combustion effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present application.

[0021] The drawings show that: the buffer bottle 1; the electromagnetic three-way valve 2; the aftertreatment device 3; the heat exchanger 4; the pyrolysis reactor 5; the flow stabilizer 6; the hydrogen storage bottle 7; the product recovery chamber 8; the hydrogen storage material mixing injector 9; the hydrogen storage material storage barrel 10; the hydrogen gas collecting unit 11; the hydrogen fuel cell 12; the electromagnetic three-way valve 13; the storage battery 14; the controller 15; the lubricating oil pump 16; the lubricating oil tank 17; the cooling unit 18; the zero-carbon engine 19; the hydrogen gas rail 20; the hydrogen injection unit 21; the mixer 22; the electromagnetic three-way valve 23; the pressure gauge 24; the heat exchanger 25; the pressure reducer 26; the ammonia storage bottle 27. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings:

[0023] In combination Figure 1 , the engine coupled magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device includes a solid-state hydrogen storage material pyrolysis reaction module, a zero-carbon engine module, and a power generation unit, and each module of the system is uniformly regulated by a controller 15; the solid-state hydrogen storage material pyrolysis reaction module in the figure includes a hydrogen storage material supply assembly, a hydrogen storage material mixing injector 9 is respectively connected to a hydrogen collection unit 11, a hydrogen storage material storage barrel 10, and a pyrolysis reactor 5, hydrogen generated after pyrolysis reaction is transported to a hydrogen storage bottle 7, a recovery pipeline is arranged at the top of the pyrolysis reactor 5, and the hydrogen storage material that is not completely reacted enters a flow stabilizer 6 through the recovery pipeline, and the flow stabilizer 6 is connected with the hydrogen storage material storage barrel 10; a heating plate is arranged in the middle of the pyrolysis reactor 5, the heating plate is connected with a heat exchanger 4 to perform heat exchange, and a product recovery chamber 8 is arranged at the bottom;

[0024] The zero-carbon engine module in the figure includes air, hydrogen fuel, and ammonia fuel supply assemblies, and a turbocharger is connected with a mixer 22; the hydrogen storage bottle 7 is connected with an electromagnetic three-way valve 13 through a pipeline, one branch is connected with a hydrogen gas rail 20, and hydrogen fuel is sprayed into a cylinder of a zero-carbon engine 19 through a hydrogen spraying unit 21, and the other branch is connected with the mixer 22; an ammonia storage bottle 27 is connected with a pressure reducer 26 and a heat exchanger 25 in sequence, and is branched through an electromagnetic reversing valve 23, one part enters the mixer 22, and the other part enters a post-processing device 3 through a buffer bottle 1 and an electromagnetic reversing valve 2; the zero-carbon engine 19 is provided with a cooling unit 18 and a lubricating device, and an oil pump 16 is connected with an engine cooling unit 18 and an oil tank 17;

[0025] When the zero-carbon engine 19 works, hydrogen fuel in the hydrogen storage bottle 7 reaches the electromagnetic three-way valve 13 after pressure regulation through a high-precision pressure reducer, the three-way valve 13 adopts precise electromagnetic control technology, and the hydrogen fuel is accurately branched into two parts: one part reaches the hydrogen gas rail 20, the hydrogen gas rail has a special structure design and excellent pressure stabilization effect, so that the hydrogen fuel can maintain a stable pressure state in the hydrogen gas rail, and the hydrogen fuel is sprayed into the engine cylinder in a atomized state by the hydrogen spraying unit 21 with high response speed, so as to ensure the combustion efficiency, and the other part of the hydrogen fuel enters the mixer 22 through the pipeline to prepare for subsequent fuel mixing;

[0026] At the same time of hydrogen fuel supply, the air supply system starts high-efficiency operation, the external air is pressurized by the turbocharger driven by the engine exhaust, the intake efficiency is improved, and the pressurized air also enters the mixer 22 and is premixed with the hydrogen fuel; the exhaust gas after driving the turbine is exchanged through the high-efficiency heat exchanger 4, and then is transported to the aftertreatment device 3 for treatment, realizing full utilization of the exhaust gas energy, improving the energy utilization efficiency, and reducing environmental pollution; at the same time, the ammonia fuel supply system is also started synchronously, the ammonia fuel in the ammonia storage bottle 27 is first regulated by the high-precision pressure reducer 26, and then enters the high-efficiency heat exchanger 25 and exchanges heat with the engine exhaust, the preheated ammonia fuel reaches the electromagnetic three-way valve 23, and is accurately divided into two parts: one part enters the mixer 22 and is mixed with hydrogen fuel and air to ensure the uniformity and stability of the mixed gas, and the other part enters the ammonia fuel aftertreatment device 3 through the buffer bottle 1 and the electromagnetic reversing valve 2 for recycling treatment, improving the utilization rate of fuel and the environmental performance of the system;

[0027] The mixed gas of hydrogen ammonia fuel and air completed in the mixer 22 is transported into the cylinder of the zero-carbon engine 19, at this time, the pre-supplied hydrogen fuel is ignited as a high-efficiency ignition agent, the mixed gas is ignited, the working cycle of the engine is started, through this process, the mechanical energy generated by the engine drives the high-efficiency power generation device to output electric energy, realizing efficient conversion of energy; in order to ensure the stable operation of the engine, the cooling unit 18 continuously performs accurate temperature control to ensure that the engine is in the best working temperature range, improving the reliability and service life of the engine; in terms of lubrication system, the high-performance lubricating oil pump 16 transports the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil tank 17 to each part of the engine, the high-temperature lubricating oil after lubrication is cooled by the cooling unit 18 and then recycled, forming a high-efficiency lubrication and cooling circulation system, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the engine;

[0028] When the hydrogen fuel cell 12 enters the continuous power transmission mode, the solid-state hydrogen storage material pyrolysis reaction module is started, the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage material storage barrel 10 enters the hydrogen storage material mixing injector 9 through the conveying pipeline; at the same time, the hydrogen supply valve is accurately opened, the hydrogen with a certain pressure from the hydrogen collection unit 11 reaches the mixing injector 9 through the high-efficiency gas conveying pipeline; in the mixing injector 9, the hydrogen and the solid-state hydrogen storage material are mixed through the mixing structure to form a uniform gas-solid mixture, which is efficiently injected into the pyrolysis reactor 5 under the action of gas flow, ensuring uniform distribution of reactants and efficient reaction;

[0029] In the pyrolysis reactor 5, the solid-state hydrogen storage material is in contact with the high-efficiency heating plate, and the pyrolysis reaction is started, wherein the heating plate is connected with the high-efficiency heat exchanger 4, and the heat exchange is carried out by using the engine exhaust gas to provide the required heat energy for the reaction, which not only improves the energy utilization efficiency, but also reduces the consumption of external energy; under the action of high temperature, the solid-state hydrogen storage material undergoes high-efficiency pyrolysis reaction to generate a large amount of hydrogen, when the outlet valve is accurately opened, the hydrogen generated in the reactor 5 is purified through the high-efficiency drying filter purification device, and then enters the high-capacity hydrogen storage bottle 7, part of the hydrogen is supplied to the zero-carbon engine 19 as high-efficiency fuel to ensure the stable operation of the engine, and the excess hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen collection unit 11 for storage, forming a high-efficiency hydrogen recycling system, which maximizes the utilization rate of hydrogen; the pyrolysis products enter the product recovery chamber 8 for efficient recovery treatment to reduce the generation of waste; the hydrogen storage material which is not completely reacted is transported to the hydrogen storage material storage barrel 10 for recycling through the reactor discharge port and the high-efficiency flow stabilizer 6, forming a closed-loop circulation system of the hydrogen storage material, which significantly improves the utilization rate of the material and the economy of the system;

[0030] The hydrogen generated by the solid-state hydrogen storage material pyrolysis reaction module is efficiently transported to the hydrogen fuel cell 12, and electric energy is generated through the precise control of the electrochemical reaction, the hydrogen fuel cell 12 and the high-performance storage battery 14 work together to supply power to the outside, which ensures the stability and continuity of the power output and meets the power demand under different working conditions; therefore, under the unified regulation of the intelligent controller 15, the zero-carbon engine and the magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage material pyrolysis hydrogen production are organically combined to construct an efficient and environmentally friendly combined power generation device.

[0031] The present application realizes the continuous and stable production of hydrogen and the full utilization of reactants by designing a closed-loop supply pyrolysis reaction structure of magnesium-based hydrogen storage material to ensure the stable supply of reactants. In order to meet the pyrolysis temperature requirement of magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage material, the present application adopts a waste heat recovery heat exchange mechanism coupled with an ammonia engine to ensure the stability of the internal reaction conditions of the reactor, provide a safe and stable reaction environment for magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage material, and realize the recycling of the waste heat of ammonia combustion reaction. The present application combines hydrogen fuel cell technology to introduce the hydrogen generated by the reaction into the fuel cell module for power generation, and stores the generated electric energy in the battery, realizing the innovative application of magnesium-based hydrogen storage material pyrolysis reaction power generation. In addition, the use of hydrogen gas improves the poor combustion effect and low thermal efficiency of the ammonia fuel engine, and hydrogen gas is injected through the hydrogen gas inlet to accelerate the combustion reaction process of ammonia and improve the combustion efficiency, and a certain proportion of hydrogen gas is mixed for combustion support to further improve the combustion effect.

Claims

1. An engine-coupled magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device, characterized by: It includes a zero-carbon engine, an ammonia storage bottle, a hydrogen storage bottle, a mixer, a buffer bottle, a hydrogen collection unit, and a hydrogen fuel cell. The intake pipe of the zero-carbon engine is respectively connected to the hydrogen gas rail and the mixer, the mixer is respectively connected to the first solenoid three-way valve and the second solenoid three-way valve, and is connected to the external air. The first solenoid three-way valve is also connected to the hydrogen gas rail and the hydrogen storage bottle, the second solenoid three-way valve is also connected to the ammonia storage bottle and the buffer bottle, and the hydrogen collection unit is respectively connected to the hydrogen storage bottle and the hydrogen fuel cell.

2. The engine-coupled magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a pyrolysis reactor, a hydrogen storage material mixing injector, a hydrogen storage material storage barrel, and a product recovery chamber. The hydrogen storage material mixing injector is respectively connected to the hydrogen collection unit, the hydrogen storage material storage barrel, and the pyrolysis reactor. The hydrogen outlet of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the hydrogen storage bottle. The recovery pipeline of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the hydrogen storage material storage barrel through a flow stabilizer. The bottom of the pyrolysis reactor is connected to the product recovery chamber.

3. The engine-coupled magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer bottle is connected to the post-processing device through an electromagnetic reversing valve.

4. The engine-coupled magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The zero-carbon engine is connected to a cooling unit and a lubricating oil tank respectively, and both the cooling unit and the lubricating oil tank are connected to a lubricating oil pump.

5. The engine-coupled magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heating plate is provided in the pyrolysis reactor, and the heating plate exchanges heat with the engine through the first heat exchanger.

6. The engine-coupled magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second heat exchanger is provided between the ammonia storage bottle and the second electromagnetic three-way valve.

7. The engine-coupled magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the battery.

8. The engine-coupled magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the zero-carbon engine is started, hydrogen fuel is supplied first. The hydrogen fuel in the hydrogen storage bottle passes through the pressure reducer and reaches the first solenoid three-way valve. The hydrogen fuel is divided into two parts. One part reaches the hydrogen gas rail and is sprayed into the engine cylinder by the hydrogen injection unit. The other part of the hydrogen fuel enters the mixer through the pipeline. While the hydrogen fuel is being supplied, the external air passes through the turbocharger and enters the mixer. The ammonia fuel in the ammonia storage bottle is first pressure-regulated by the pressure reducer and then enters the second heat exchanger. The preheated ammonia fuel reaches the second solenoid three-way valve and is divided into two parts: one part enters the mixer to mix with the hydrogen fuel and air, and the other part enters the ammonia fuel post-processing device through the buffer bottle and the solenoid reversing valve for recovery and treatment. The mixed gas is then transported to the zero-carbon engine cylinder, and the hydrogen fuel serves as an ignition agent to ignite the mixed gas, starting the engine's working cycle.

9. The engine-coupled magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the hydrogen fuel cell enters the continuous power transmission mode, the magnesium-based solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage material storage barrel enters the hydrogen storage material mixing injector through the transmission pipeline; the hydrogen from the hydrogen collection unit reaches the mixing injector through the gas transmission pipeline, mixes with the solid hydrogen storage material to form a gas-solid mixture, and the mixture is injected into the pyrolysis reactor; in the pyrolysis reactor, the solid hydrogen storage material contacts the heating plate and undergoes a pyrolysis reaction. The heating plate is connected to the heat exchanger and uses the engine exhaust gas for heat exchange. Under the action of high temperature, the solid hydrogen storage material undergoes a pyrolysis reaction to produce hydrogen, and the reaction The hydrogen generated in the reactor enters the hydrogen storage bottle, part of which is supplied to the zero-carbon engine as fuel, and the rest is transported to the hydrogen collection unit for storage, forming a hydrogen recycling system; the product after the pyrolysis reaction enters the product recovery chamber for recycling and treatment; the incompletely reacted hydrogen storage material passes through the reactor outlet, is stabilized by the flow stabilizer, and is then re-transported to the hydrogen storage material storage barrel for reuse; the hydrogen generated by the solid hydrogen storage material pyrolysis reaction module is transported to the hydrogen fuel cell, which generates electricity through electrochemical reaction. The fuel cell and battery work together to supply power to the outside.

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