Semi-immersion and full immersion switchable battery thermal management system

Abstract

The invention provides a semi-immersion and full-immersion switchable battery thermal management system. The system comprises a cooling box, an electromagnetic valve, a battery assembly, a heat conduction assembly and a control assembly, the cooling box comprises a box body, a first partition plate and a second partition plate, the first partition plate and the second partition plate divide the interior of the box body into a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity from top to bottom in sequence, and the first partition plate and the second partition plate are provided with a plurality of first liquid flow holes provided with electromagnetic valves and a plurality of second liquid flow holes provided with electromagnetic valves respectively. The battery assembly comprises a plurality of battery units, and the two ends of each battery unit penetrate through the first partition plate and the second partition plate respectively; one end of the heat conduction assembly is located in the second cavity, and the other end is located in the first cavity or the third cavity; the control assembly is in electric signal connection with the solenoid valve. In the semi-immersion state, cooling is carried out only through immersion liquid in the first cavity and the third cavity, when the temperature of the battery assembly is high, the battery assembly is switched to the full-immersion state, the cost and the weight of the system are reduced, and energy consumption control is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery thermal management, and particularly relates to a semi-submerged and fully-submerged switchable battery thermal management system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Batteries are widely used in energy storage systems, and batteries are developing towards high energy density, long service life and high safety, thereby promoting the improvement of battery thermal management technology. The increase in power density of the energy storage battery system will result in greater heat dissipation of the battery. If the battery temperature cannot be effectively controlled in time, the thermal runaway of the battery may be caused, and the energy storage battery system may catch fire or even explode.

[0003] At present, some energy storage systems are cooled by fans, and some are cooled by cooling plates. The cooling efficiency is low in the cooling mode, and the heat of the battery cannot be quickly removed, resulting in a high risk of thermal diffusion of the battery. The temperature difference between different battery monomers and different parts of the same battery monomer is too large, which affects the consistency of the battery pack. Therefore, some people propose to use full immersion to cool the energy storage system to meet the consistency of the battery pack and ensure that the battery can work normally.

[0004] However, the existing immersion liquid cooling system still has certain deficiencies in flow field distribution optimization, weight control, cost control, cooling efficiency improvement, energy consumption control and the like, and cannot meet the needs of the power battery pack and the energy storage system for efficient, reliable and low-cost cooling schemes. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a semi-submerged and fully-submerged switchable battery thermal management system to solve the technical problem of the deficiencies of the existing immersion liquid cooling system in flow field distribution optimization, weight control, cost control, cooling efficiency improvement, energy consumption control and the like.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows: The present application provides a semi-submerged and fully-submerged switchable battery thermal management system, which comprises a cooling box, an electromagnetic valve, a battery assembly, a heat conduction assembly and a control assembly, wherein: The cooling box comprises a box body, a first partition plate and a second partition plate, the first partition plate and the second partition plate divide the inside of the box body into a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity in turn from top to bottom, a plurality of first liquid flow holes and a plurality of second liquid flow holes are respectively arranged on the first partition plate and the second partition plate, and immersion liquid circulates in the first cavity and the third cavity; Each first liquid flow hole and each second liquid flow hole is correspondingly provided with one electromagnetic valve; The battery assembly comprises a plurality of battery cells, two ends of the battery cells respectively passing through the first partition plate and the second partition plate, and the positive and negative poles of the battery cells, one of which is located in the first cavity and the other of which is located in the third cavity; One end of the heat conduction assembly is located in the second cavity, and the other end is located in the first cavity or the third cavity; The control assembly is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve and is used for controlling the closing and opening of the electromagnetic valve according to the temperature of the battery assembly, so as to switch between the semi-submerged state and the fully-submerged state.

[0007] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, the heat conduction assembly comprises a plurality of heat pipes, the heat pipes are installed on the first partition plate or the second partition plate and located between two adjacent battery cells, the evaporation section of the heat pipe contacts at least two battery cells and is located in the second cavity, and the condensation end of the heat pipe is located in the first cavity or the third cavity.

[0008] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, the heat conduction assembly further comprises a plurality of heat spreading plates, one end of the heat spreading plate is located in the second cavity, and the other end is located in the first cavity or the third cavity.

[0009] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, the cooling fan and the sealing device are further included, the cooling fan is installed on the box body and is communicated with the second cavity, the sealing device is installed on the box body and is used for blocking the cooling fan and the second cavity, and in the semi-submerged state, the sealing device is not enabled.

[0010] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, the condensation ends of the plurality of heat pipes are uniformly distributed in the first cavity or the third cavity, the heat pipes are fixed on the surface of the battery cell through heat conduction material, and the heat conduction material adopts heat conduction silica gel or heat conduction gel.

[0011] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, the control assembly comprises a thermistor and a control unit, the thermistor is arranged on the battery cell and located in the second cavity and is used for monitoring the temperature of the battery cell, and the control unit is electrically connected with the thermistor and is used for controlling the electromagnetic valve to be opened when the temperature of the battery cell rises to reach a preset threshold value, so as to switch from the semi-submerged state to the fully-submerged state.

[0012] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, a sealing ring is further included, first clamping grooves and second clamping grooves for mounting electromagnetic valves are arranged on the first partition plate and the second partition plate respectively, buckles are arranged on the electromagnetic valves, the first clamping grooves and the second clamping grooves are connected with the buckles on the corresponding electromagnetic valves respectively, and the sealing ring is mounted at the first clamping grooves and the second clamping grooves.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets are further included, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are arranged in the first cavity and the third cavity.

[0014] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, a first liquid inlet hole and a first liquid outlet hole are arranged on the first cavity, a second liquid inlet hole and a second liquid outlet hole are arranged on the third cavity, and the second liquid outlet hole is in a closed state in a full immersion state.

[0015] On the basis of the above technical scheme, preferably, speed regulating pumps are connected with the first liquid inlet hole and the second liquid inlet hole to regulate the flow rate of the immersion liquid.

[0016] The semi-immersion and full-immersion switchable battery thermal management system has the following beneficial effects relative to the prior art: (1) The first cavity, the second cavity and the third cavity are sequentially arranged in the box body by the first partition plate and the second partition plate, when the temperature of the battery assembly does not exceed the set temperature, the electromagnetic valve is closed, only the immersion liquid in the first cavity and the third cavity is used to cool the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery unit, the heat in the second cavity is conducted to the first cavity or the third cavity by the heat conduction assembly, the use amount of the immersion liquid is reduced, the cost and the weight of the system are reduced, uniform and rapid heat dissipation is realized, and the semi-immersion state is realized; when the temperature of the battery assembly rises to reach the preset threshold value, the electromagnetic valve is opened, the immersion liquid in the first cavity and the third cavity flows into the second cavity, so that the whole box body is immersed by the immersion liquid, the full-immersion state is switched, and the battery assembly can also realize rapid cooling at high power; the above structure can better combine the temperature of the battery assembly for energy consumption control; (2) The evaporation section of the heat pipe contacts at least two battery units in the second cavity, and the condensation end of the heat pipe is located in the first cavity or the third cavity, so that the heat of the battery units in the second cavity is quickly conducted to the first cavity or the third cavity, and uniform and rapid heat dissipation of the whole battery unit can be realized in the semi-immersion state; (3) The heat plate is installed on the first partition plate or the second partition plate, one end of the heat plate is located in the second cavity, and the other end is located in the first cavity or the third cavity, which improves the temperature uniformity of the battery unit and reduces the performance decline of the battery caused by excessive temperature difference while further improving the cooling efficiency; (4) The cooling fan is installed on the box and connected to the second cavity, and the sealing device blocks the cooling fan and the second cavity to ensure that the immersion liquid does not overflow from the second cavity in the full immersion state. In the semi-immersed state, the sealing device is not enabled, and the cooling fan works to remove heat from the second cavity, further improving the heat dissipation capacity of the second cavity and further improving the cooling efficiency; (5) The first clamping groove and the second clamping groove for installing the electromagnetic valve are arranged on the first partition plate and the second partition plate respectively, the electromagnetic valve is provided with a buckle, the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove are connected with the buckle on the corresponding electromagnetic valve respectively, the electromagnetic valve is quickly inserted and installed through clamping, and the sealing ring is installed at the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove, so that the sealing effect of the installation position is improved, the immersion liquid in the semi-immersed state is prevented from seeping into the second cavity, and the reliability of the device is improved; (6) The piezoelectric ceramic sheet is arranged in the first cavity and the third cavity, and the piezoelectric effect is utilized to vibrate in the full immersion mode, the boundary layer of the immersion liquid is destroyed, and the heat exchange efficiency between the immersion liquid and the battery assembly is enhanced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a front view of the semi-immersed and full-immersed switchable battery thermal management system in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 It is a perspective view of the semi-immersed and full-immersed switchable battery thermal management system in the embodiment of the present application from one perspective. Figure 3 It is a perspective view of the semi-immersed and full-immersed switchable battery thermal management system in the embodiment of the present application from another perspective. Figure 4 It is a structural schematic view of the cooling box in the embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Explanation of reference signs: 1-cooling box, 2-solenoid valve, 3-battery assembly, 4-heat conduction assembly, 5-control assembly, 6-cooling fan, 7-piezoelectric ceramic sheet; 11-box body, 12-first partition plate, 121-first liquid flow hole, 13-second partition plate, 131-second liquid flow hole, 101-first cavity, 1011-first liquid inlet hole, 1012-first liquid outlet hole, 102-second cavity, 103-third cavity, 1031-second liquid inlet hole, 1032-second liquid outlet hole; 31-battery cell; 41-heat pipe, 42-heat spreading plate; 51-thermistor, 52-control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] Reference Figures 1-4 As shown in the drawings, the embodiment of the present application proposes a semi-submerged and fully-submerged switchable battery thermal management system, which comprises a cooling box 1, a solenoid valve 2, a battery assembly 3, a heat conduction assembly 4 and a control assembly 5, wherein: The cooling box 1 comprises a box body 11, a first partition plate 12 and a second partition plate 13, the first partition plate 12 and the second partition plate 13 divide the inside of the box body 11 into a first cavity 101, a second cavity 102 and a third cavity 103 in turn from top to bottom, a plurality of first liquid flow holes 121 and a plurality of second liquid flow holes 131 are respectively arranged on the first partition plate 12 and the second partition plate 13, and immersion liquid circulates in the first cavity 101 and the third cavity 103, the immersion liquid is an insulating liquid and does not change phase during cooling; the plurality of first liquid flow holes 121 and the plurality of second liquid flow holes 131 are arranged at the edges of the length direction of the first partition plate 12 and the second partition plate 13, so as to prevent the immersion liquid from directly impacting the battery assembly 3 when switched to a fully-submerged state, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the device; Each of the first liquid flow holes 121 and each of the second liquid flow holes 131 is correspondingly provided with one solenoid valve 2; The battery assembly 3 includes a plurality of battery cells 31, two ends of the battery cells 31 pass through the first partition plate 12 and the second partition plate 13 respectively, and the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells 31, one of which is located in the first cavity 101 and the other of which is located in the third cavity 103; in the semi-submerged state, only the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells 31 are liquid-cooled by the immersion liquid, the amount of immersion liquid is reduced, it is suitable for the case that the battery temperature is not too high, the energy consumption is better controlled, and the immersion liquid is matched with the heat dissipation demand of the battery; The heat conduction assembly 4 is located in the second cavity 102 at one end and in the first cavity 101 or the third cavity 103 at the other end; The control assembly 5 is electrically connected with the electromagnetic valve 2, and is used for controlling the closing and opening of the electromagnetic valve 2 according to the temperature of the battery assembly 3, so as to switch between the semi-submerged state and the fully submerged state.

[0022] The semi-submerged and fully submerged switchable battery thermal management system provided in the embodiment divides the box body 11 into the first cavity 101, the second cavity 102 and the third cavity 103 from top to bottom by the first partition plate 12 and the second partition plate 13; when the temperature of the battery assembly 3 does not exceed the set temperature, the electromagnetic valve 2 is closed, only the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cells 31 are cooled by the immersion liquid in the first cavity 101 and the third cavity 103, the heat conduction assembly 4 conducts the heat in the second cavity 102 to the first cavity 101 or the third cavity 103, the amount of immersion liquid is reduced, the cost and weight of the system are reduced, and uniform and rapid heat dissipation is realized at the same time, and at this time, the semi-submerged state is realized; when the temperature of the battery assembly 3 rises to reach the preset threshold value, the electromagnetic valve 2 is opened, the immersion liquid in the first cavity 101 and the third cavity 103 flows into the second cavity 102, so that the whole box body 11 is immersed by the immersion liquid, and the fully submerged state is switched, so that the battery assembly 3 can also realize rapid cooling at high power; the above structure can better control the energy consumption in combination with the temperature of the battery assembly 3.

[0023] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 The heat conduction assembly 4 includes a plurality of heat pipes 41, the heat pipes 41 are installed on the first partition plate 12 and located between two adjacent battery cells 31, the evaporation section of the heat pipe 41 contacts at least two battery cells 31 and is located in the second cavity 102, and the condensation end of the heat pipe 41 is located in the first cavity 101. The evaporation section of the heat pipe 41 contacts at least two battery cells 31 and is located in the second cavity 102, and the condensation end of the heat pipe 41 is located in the first cavity 101, so that the heat of the battery cells 31 in the second cavity 102 is quickly conducted to the first cavity 101, and the whole battery cells 31 can realize uniform and rapid heat dissipation in the semi-submerged state.

[0024] In some embodiments, the heat pipe 41 can be inserted into the immersion liquid in the third cavity 103 through the second partition plate 13. Specifically, the heat conducting assembly 4 comprises a plurality of heat pipes 41, which are installed on the second partition plate 13 and located between two adjacent battery units 31. The evaporation section of the heat pipe 41 contacts at least two battery units 31 and is located in the second cavity 102, and the condensation end of the heat pipe 41 is located in the third cavity 103. By contacting at least two battery units 31 through the evaporation section of the heat pipe 41 and locating the condensation end of the heat pipe 41 in the third cavity 103, the heat of the battery units 31 in the second cavity 102 can be quickly conducted to the third cavity 103, so that the entire battery unit 31 can achieve uniform and rapid heat dissipation in the semi-immersed state.

[0025] In some embodiments, the heat conducting assembly 4 further comprises a plurality of heat spreaders 42, which are installed on the first partition plate 12. One end of the heat spreader 42 is located in the second cavity 102, and the other end is located in the first cavity 101. The heat spreader 42 is located on both sides of the battery assembly 3 in the width direction, and cooperates with the heat pipe 41 to further improve the cooling efficiency, effectively improve the temperature uniformity of the battery unit 31, and effectively reduce the performance decline of the battery caused by excessive temperature difference.

[0026] In some embodiments, the heat conducting assembly 4 further comprises a plurality of heat spreaders 42, which are installed on the first partition plate 12 or the second partition plate 13. One end of the heat spreader 42 is located in the second cavity 102, and the other end is located in the first cavity 101 or the third cavity 103. The heat spreader 42 is located on both sides of the battery assembly 3 in the width direction, and cooperates with the heat pipe 41 to further improve the cooling efficiency, effectively improve the temperature uniformity of the battery unit 31, and effectively reduce the performance decline of the battery caused by excessive temperature difference.

[0027] In some embodiments, the battery thermal management system further comprises a cooling fan 6 mounted on the box 11 and connected to the second cavity 102, and a sealing device mounted on the box 11 for blocking the cooling fan 6 and the second cavity 102; in the semi-submerged state, the sealing device is not activated. The sealing device is an automatic control sliding sealing plate, the cooling fan 6 is connected with the control assembly 5, in the semi-submerged state, the control assembly 5 controls the sealing device to open, and the cooling fan 6 works to take away the heat in the second cavity 102, further improving the heat dissipation capacity in the second cavity 102, and further improving the cooling efficiency; in the fully submerged state, the control assembly 5 controls the sealing device to close, blocking the connection between the cooling fan 6 and the second cavity 102, to ensure that the immersion liquid does not overflow from the second cavity 102 in the fully submerged state, and to improve the reliability of the device.

[0028] In some embodiments, the condensing ends of the plurality of heat pipes 41 are uniformly distributed in the first cavity 101 or the third cavity 103, and the heat pipes 41 are fixed to the surface of the battery unit 31 by a heat-conducting material, which is a heat-conducting silica gel or a heat-conducting gel. The uniform distribution of the condensing ends of the heat pipes 41 can prevent local temperature from being too high, further improving the temperature uniformity of the battery unit 31 and effectively reducing the performance degradation of the battery caused by excessive temperature difference. The heat pipes 41 and the battery unit 31 are in good thermal contact through the heat-conducting material, improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0029] In some embodiments, the control assembly 5 comprises a thermistor 51 and a control unit 52, the thermistor 51 is arranged on the battery unit 31 and located in the second cavity 102, for monitoring the temperature of the battery unit 31; the control unit 52 is electrically connected with the thermistor 51, for controlling the electromagnetic valve 2 to open when the temperature of the battery unit 31 rises to reach a preset threshold, to switch from the semi-submerged state to the fully submerged state. When the temperature of the battery unit 31 rises to reach a preset threshold (such as 45°), the control unit 52 controls the electromagnetic valve 2 to open, to switch from the semi-submerged state to the fully submerged state; when the temperature of the battery unit 31 measured by the thermistor 51 is lower than 45°, the system is in the semi-submerged mode, the control unit 52 controls the cooling fan 6 to start and the electromagnetic valve 2 to close. The thermistor 51 can be a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistor 51, which is a typical semiconductor resistor with temperature sensitivity. When the temperature exceeds a certain temperature (Curie temperature), the resistance value increases step by step with the increase of temperature, which has the advantages of high sensitivity, wide working temperature range, small size, easy to use, resistance value can be selected between 0.1-100kΩ, good stability, strong overload capacity, etc.

[0030] In some embodiments, the battery thermal management system further comprises a sealing ring, the first partition plate 12 and the second partition plate 13 are respectively provided with a first clamping groove and a second clamping groove for mounting the electromagnetic valve 2, the electromagnetic valve 2 is provided with a buckle, the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove are respectively connected with the buckle on the corresponding electromagnetic valve 2, and the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove are both provided with the sealing ring. The electromagnetic valve 2 is quickly inserted and mounted through clamping, the sealing ring is installed at the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove, the sealing effect of the mounting position is improved, the immersion liquid in the semi-immersed state is prevented from seeping into the second cavity 102, and the reliability of the device is improved.

[0031] In some embodiments, the battery thermal management system further comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets 7, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 7 is composed of piezoelectric ceramic and a metal substrate, and the first cavity 101 and the third cavity 103 are both provided with the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 7. The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 7 is vibrated by using its piezoelectric effect in the fully immersed mode, the boundary layer of the immersion liquid is destroyed, and the heat exchange efficiency between the immersion liquid and the battery assembly 3 is improved. The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 7 is electrically connected with the control assembly 5, and the start and stop of the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 7 are controlled through the control assembly 5.

[0032] In some embodiments, the first cavity 101 is provided with a first liquid inlet hole 1011 and a first liquid outlet hole 1012, the third cavity 103 is provided with a second liquid inlet hole 1031 and a second liquid outlet hole 1032, and the second liquid outlet hole 1032 is in a closed state in the fully immersed state. In the fully immersed state, the second liquid outlet hole 1032 is closed, so that the second cavity 102 can be quickly filled with immersion liquid, and the battery assembly 3 is quickly immersed in the immersion liquid.

[0033] In some embodiments, the first liquid inlet hole 1011 and the second liquid inlet hole 1031 are both connected with a speed regulating pump to adjust the flow rate of the immersion liquid. The speed regulating pump is electrically connected with the control assembly 5, when the temperature of the battery unit 31 reaches 45 degrees, the control assembly 5 controls the flow rate of the speed regulating pump, increases the flow rate, completes the immersion of the immersion liquid into the second cavity 102, realizes the overall coating cooling, and switches to the fully immersed mode.

[0034] The working principle of the semi-submerged and fully-submerged switchable battery thermal management system in the embodiment of the application is as follows: when the thermistor 51 measures that the temperature of the battery unit 31 is lower than 45°, the system is in the semi-submerged mode, the control unit 52 controls the cooling fan 6 to start, the electromagnetic valve 2 to close, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 7 to close; when the temperature of the battery unit 31 rises to reach a preset threshold value (such as 45°), the control unit 52 controls the electromagnetic valve 2 to open, the second liquid outlet to close, the sealing device to be enabled, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 7 to start, and the flow rate of the speed regulating pump to be increased, so that the immersion liquid in the first cavity 101 and the third cavity 103 flows into the second cavity 102, the whole box 11 is immersed by the immersion liquid, the switch is switched to the fully-submerged state, and it is ensured that the battery assembly 3 can also achieve rapid cooling when in high power.

[0035] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the application and is not intended to limit the application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the application shall be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A battery thermal management system that can be switched between semi-immersion and full immersion, characterized in that: It includes a cooling box, a solenoid valve, a battery assembly, a heat conduction assembly and a control assembly, wherein: The cooling box includes a box body, a first partition plate, and a second partition plate. The first partition plate and the second partition plate divide the interior of the box body into a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity from top to bottom, respectively. The first partition plate and the second partition plate are respectively provided with a plurality of first liquid flow holes and a plurality of second liquid flow holes. Immersion liquid circulates in the first cavity and the third cavity. Each of the first liquid flow holes and each of the second liquid flow holes is correspondingly installed with one of the solenoid valves; The battery assembly includes a plurality of battery cells, both ends of the battery cells pass through the first separator and the second separator respectively, and one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery cell is located in the first cavity and the other is located in the third cavity; One end of the heat conducting component is located in the second cavity, and the other end is located in the first cavity or the third cavity; The control assembly is electrically connected to the solenoid valve and is used to control the closing and opening of the solenoid valve according to the temperature of the battery assembly to switch between a semi-immersed state and a fully immersed state.

2. The battery thermal management system capable of switching between semi-immersion and full-immersion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat conductive assembly includes a plurality of heat pipes, which are mounted on the first partition or the second partition and located between two adjacent battery cells. The evaporation section of the heat pipe contacts at least two battery cells and is located in the second cavity, and the condensation end of the heat pipe is located in the first cavity or the third cavity.

3. The battery thermal management system capable of switching between semi-immersion and full-immersion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat conducting assembly further includes a plurality of vapor chambers, which are mounted on the first partition plate or the second partition plate. One end of the vapor chamber is located in the second cavity, and the other end is located in the first cavity or the third cavity.

4. The battery thermal management system capable of switching between semi-immersion and full-immersion according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a cooling fan and a sealing device, wherein the cooling fan is installed on the box body and is connected to the second cavity, and the sealing device is installed on the box body to block the cooling fan and the second cavity; in the semi-immersed state, the sealing device is not activated.

5. The battery thermal management system capable of switching between semi-immersion and full-immersion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The condensation ends of the plurality of heat pipes are evenly distributed in the first cavity or the third cavity, and the heat pipes are fixed to the surface of the battery unit by a heat-conducting material, and the heat-conducting material is a heat-conducting silica gel or a heat-conducting gel.

6. The battery thermal management system capable of switching between semi-immersion and full-immersion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control component includes a thermistor and a control unit. The thermistor is arranged on the battery cell and located in the second cavity, and is used to monitor the temperature of the battery cell; the control unit is electrically connected to the thermistor, and is used to control the solenoid valve to open when the temperature of the battery cell rises to a preset threshold value, so as to switch from a semi-immersion state to a fully immersed state.

7. The battery thermal management system capable of switching between semi-immersion and full-immersion according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a sealing ring. The first partition plate and the second partition plate are respectively provided with a first card slot and a second card slot for installing the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is provided with a buckle. The first card slot and the second card slot are respectively connected to the buckle on the corresponding solenoid valve. The sealing ring is installed at the first card slot and the second card slot.

8. The battery thermal management system capable of switching between semi-immersion and full-immersion according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets, and the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are both provided in the first cavity and the third cavity.

9. The battery thermal management system capable of switching between semi-immersion and full-immersion according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The first cavity is provided with a first liquid inlet and a first liquid outlet, the third cavity is provided with a second liquid inlet and a second liquid outlet, and the second liquid outlet is in a closed state in a fully immersed state.

10. The battery thermal management system capable of switching between semi-immersion and full-immersion according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first liquid inlet and the second liquid inlet are both connected to a speed regulating pump to adjust the flow rate of the immersion liquid.

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