Active and passive adjustment heat dissipation system and method for power grid photovoltaic power generation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly discloses an active and passive adjustment heat dissipation system and method for power grid photovoltaic power generation. A first servo motor used for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate around a horizontal shaft to adjust the pitch angle of the photovoltaic panel and a second servo motor used for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate around a vertical shaft to adjust the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel are arranged on the angle adjusting support. The system further comprises a central controller and a passive heat dissipation adjusting module and / or an active heat dissipation adjusting module which are / is connected with the central controller. Through intelligent heat dissipation of active adjustment and photovoltaic panel angle optimization of passive adjustment, the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel is reduced, the power generation efficiency is improved, and the stability and the power supply quality of a photovoltaic power generation system in a power grid are enhanced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a main and passive adjustment heat dissipation system and method for grid-connected photovoltaic power generation. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the current grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels is significantly affected by environmental factors, especially temperature. As the surface temperature of photovoltaic panels rises, their power generation efficiency will decline. Currently, most photovoltaic power generation systems use a single heat dissipation method, such as natural heat dissipation or fixed-angle fan forced heat dissipation. Natural heat dissipation is inefficient and difficult to effectively reduce the temperature of photovoltaic panels in high-temperature environments. Fixed-angle fan heat dissipation cannot be adjusted flexibly according to the actual wind direction and temperature distribution of photovoltaic panels, resulting in uneven heat dissipation and low efficiency, which cannot fully meet the demand for improving power generation efficiency.

[0003] At the same time, the adjustment of the angle of photovoltaic panels in the prior art is mostly focused on tracking the sun's position to obtain more light, and less consideration is given to optimizing heat dissipation through adjustment of the angle of photovoltaic panels. In different wind direction conditions, unreasonable angles of photovoltaic panels can hinder air flow and be detrimental to heat dissipation, further affecting power generation efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution that can comprehensively adjust active heat dissipation and passive angle adjustment to achieve efficient temperature control and power generation performance improvement. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a main and passive adjustment heat dissipation system and method for grid-connected photovoltaic power generation, aiming to reduce the surface temperature of photovoltaic panels and improve power generation efficiency through intelligent heat dissipation and passive angle optimization, and enhance the stability and power supply quality of photovoltaic power generation systems in the grid.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is implemented according to the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first technical solution provided by the present application is a main and passive adjustment heat dissipation system for grid-connected photovoltaic power generation, which includes a photovoltaic panel installed on an angle adjustment bracket, the angle adjustment bracket is provided with a servo motor one for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate around a horizontal axis to adjust the pitch angle of the photovoltaic panel and a servo motor two for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate around a vertical axis to adjust the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel; further comprising a central controller and a passive heat dissipation adjustment module and / or an active heat dissipation adjustment module connected to the central controller;

[0007] The passive heat dissipation adjustment module comprises a wind direction monitoring module arranged on one side of the photovoltaic panel for real-time acquisition of the wind direction of the environment where the photovoltaic panel is located; the central controller is used for calculating the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the current wind direction according to the wind direction data provided by the wind direction monitoring module and a preset photovoltaic panel angle and wind direction matching strategy, and controlling the servo motor one and the servo motor two to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle.

[0008] The active heat dissipation adjustment module comprises a temperature monitoring module arranged on one side of the photovoltaic panel for real-time acquisition of the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel, a fan arranged on one side of the angle adjustment support and having a blow angle adjustable in a range of 0-360° driven by a servo motor three, and a wind direction monitoring module arranged in the fan for real-time acquisition of the wind direction of the environment where the photovoltaic panel is located; the central controller is used for controlling the fan to start when the temperature monitoring module detects that the temperature of the high-temperature region of the surface of the photovoltaic panel reaches a preset threshold, and calculating the optimal blow angle of the fan in combination with the wind direction information detected by the wind direction monitoring module arranged in the fan and the current position of the fan, and controlling the servo motor three to adjust the fan to the optimal blow angle.

[0009] Preferably, the temperature monitoring module is a thermal imager.

[0010] Preferably, the wind direction monitoring module is a wind direction sensor.

[0011] Further, the adjustment process of the central controller in the passive heat dissipation adjustment comprises:

[0012] 1) Data acquisition: the wind direction monitoring module acquires wind direction data θ w in real time, the value range of θ w is (0, 360°), the wind direction is divided into n intervals, and the angle range of each interval is The pitch angle α current and the azimuth angle β current of the current photovoltaic panel are acquired at the same time.

[0013] 2) Wind direction interval determination: according to the wind direction data, the wind direction interval i is determined according to the formula , and [·] represents the down-rounding function.

[0014] 3) Target angle acquisition: the target pitch angle α i and the target azimuth angle β i corresponding to the wind direction interval are acquired from the preset matching strategy.

[0015] 4) Angle difference calculation: the pitch angle difference Δα = α i - α current and the azimuth angle difference Δβ = β i - β current are calculated.

[0016] 5) PID control calculation: The central controller performs PID control calculations on the pitch angle and azimuth angle adjustments based on the calculated pitch angle difference Δα and azimuth angle difference Δβ. The PID control algorithm is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, u(t) is the control output, that is, the control signal of the servo motor, e(t) is the error signal, that is, the difference between the current angle and the target angle Δα / Δβ, K p , K i and K d They are proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and differential coefficient respectively;

[0019] Substitute the pitch angle difference Δα and the azimuth angle difference Δβ into the formula of the PID control algorithm to obtain the control output u of the servo motor 1 α (t) and the control output u of servo motor 2 β (t);

[0020] 6) Servo motor control: The central controller will control the output u α (t) and u β (t) is sent to the corresponding servo motor 1 and servo motor 2, driving servo motor 1 and servo motor 2 to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle.

[0021] Furthermore, the adjustment process of the central controller when performing active heat dissipation adjustment includes:

[0022] 1) Data acquisition: Use the temperature monitoring module to collect the photovoltaic panel surface temperature distribution data T(x,y), where (x,y) is the photovoltaic panel surface coordinate; use the wind direction monitoring module to obtain the wind direction θ w , and record the fan position coordinates (x f ,y f );

[0023] 2) Data processing: Setting the temperature threshold T th , the area with temperature higher than the threshold is defined as the high temperature area, and the high temperature area set is expressed as: H = {(x, y)|T(x, y)>T th}; Calculate the coordinates of the centroid of the high temperature area (x c ,y c ), the formula is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Where |H| represents the number of points in the high temperature area;

[0026] At the same time, calculate the distance d and angle θ from the fan to the centroid of the high temperature areah :

[0027]

[0028] 3) Angle calculation: calculate the initial blowing angle θ of the fan init , θ init = θ h - θ w , θ init range in [0, 2π), if θ init <0, θ init = θ init +2π;

[0029] and according to the boundary conditions and the fan characteristics, the optimal blowing angle θ opt is obtained; let the correction coefficient be k, the correction angle be Δθ, and the corrected optimal blowing angle θ opt be:

[0030] θ opt = θ init +k·Δθ;

[0031] wherein k is a coefficient determined according to actual conditions, and the value range is [0, 1]; Δθ is a known quantity determined through experiment or experience;

[0032] 4) Angle adjustment: the central controller sends the optimal blowing angle θ opt to the servo motor adjusting the blowing angle of the fan, and adjusts the fan to the optimal blowing angle.

[0033] The second technical solution provided by the application is a main and passive adjustment heat dissipation method for grid photovoltaic power generation, which utilizes the above-mentioned main and passive adjustment heat dissipation system for grid photovoltaic power generation to perform heat dissipation adjustment, and the specific steps include: adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle through the central controller controlling the passive heat dissipation adjustment module alone, or adjusting the fan to the optimal blowing angle through the central controller controlling the active heat dissipation adjustment module alone, or adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle through the central controller controlling the passive heat dissipation adjustment module and adjusting the fan to the optimal blowing angle through the central controller controlling the active heat dissipation adjustment module.

[0034] Further, the process of the central controller controlling the passive heat dissipation adjustment module to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle includes:

[0035] 1) Data acquisition: the wind direction monitoring module acquires the wind direction data θ w , θ w The value range of θ At the same time, the pitch angle α of the current photovoltaic panel is obtainedcurrent and azimuth angle β current ;

[0036] 2) Wind direction interval determination: According to the wind direction data, the wind direction interval i is determined according to the formula , and [·] represents the floor function;

[0037] 3) Target angle acquisition: The target pitch angle α i and target azimuth angle β i corresponding to the wind direction interval are obtained from the preset matching strategy;

[0038] 4) Angle difference calculation: The pitch angle difference Δα = α i - α current and the azimuth angle difference Δβ = β i - β current are calculated;

[0039] 5) PID control calculation: The central controller performs PID control calculation on the adjustment of the pitch angle and the azimuth angle according to the calculated pitch angle difference Δα and azimuth angle difference Δβ, respectively. The formula of the PID control algorithm is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] where u(t) is the control output, i.e. the control signal of the servo motor, e(t) is the error signal, i.e. the difference between the current angle and the target angle Δα / Δβ, K p , K i and K d are the proportional coefficient, the integral coefficient and the differential coefficient, respectively;

[0042] Substituting the pitch angle difference Δα and the azimuth angle difference Δβ into the formula of the PID control algorithm respectively, the control output u α (t) of servo motor one and the control output u β (t) of servo motor two are obtained;

[0043] 6) Servo motor control: The central controller sends the control outputs u α (t) and u β (t) to the corresponding servo motor one and servo motor two, respectively, to drive the servo motor one and the servo motor two to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle.

[0044] Further, the process of the central controller controlling the active heat dissipation adjustment module to adjust the fan to the optimal blowing angle includes:

[0045] 1) Data acquisition: The temperature monitoring module is used to collect the photovoltaic panel surface temperature distribution data T(x,y), where (x,y) is the photovoltaic panel surface coordinate; the wind direction monitoring module is used to obtain the wind direction θ wAt the same time, the fan position coordinates (x f ,y f ) are recorded.

[0046] 2) Data processing: set temperature threshold T th , define the area with temperature higher than the threshold as high temperature area, and the high temperature area set is represented as: H={(x,y)|T(x,y)>T th}; calculate the high temperature area centroid coordinates (x c ,y c ), and the formula is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Where |H| represents the number of points in the high temperature area;

[0049] At the same time, the distance d and angle θ h of the fan to the high temperature area centroid are calculated:

[0050]

[0051] 3) Angle calculation: calculate the initial blowing angle θ init of the fan, θ init = θ h - θ w , θ init range is in [0, 2π), if θ init <0, then θ init = θ init +2π;

[0052] And according to the boundary conditions and the characteristics of the fan, the best blowing angle θ opt is obtained after correction; the correction coefficient is k, the correction angle is Δθ, and the corrected best blowing angle θ opt is:

[0053] θ opt = θ init +k·Δθ;

[0054] Wherein, k is a coefficient determined according to the actual situation, and the value range is between [0, 1]; Δθ is a known quantity determined by experiment or experience;

[0055] 4) Angle adjustment: the central controller sends the best blowing angle θ opt to the servo motor that adjusts the blowing angle of the fan, and adjusts the fan to the best blowing angle.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0057] (1) Significantly improve the power generation efficiency: through the synergistic effect of active heat dissipation and passive angle adjustment, effectively reduce the surface temperature of photovoltaic panel.

[0058] (2) Enhance system stability: active and passive cooperative adjustment mode can quickly respond to environmental changes, whether it is temperature rise or wind direction change, can timely adjust the heat dissipation fan and the angle of the photovoltaic panel, reduce the power fluctuation caused by environmental factors, and ensure the stability of the power supply of the power grid.

[0059] (3) Energy saving and consumption reduction: the passive adjustment system uses natural wind direction for heat dissipation, reducing the energy consumption of the fan running for a long time; at the same time, reasonable angle adjustment can also increase the efficiency of photovoltaic panel receiving light to a certain extent, reduce the overall energy consumption of the system, and improve the energy utilization efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the active and passive adjustment heat dissipation system of the power grid photovoltaic power generation.

[0061] Figure 2 is a passive heat dissipation adjustment flow chart.

[0062] Figure 3 is an active heat dissipation adjustment flow chart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer and more apparent, the following will be further described in detail in combination with examples. The specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not limit the application.

[0064] As shown in Figure 1 , the present embodiment exemplarily shows an active and passive adjustment heat dissipation system of the power grid photovoltaic power generation, which comprises a photovoltaic panel 2 installed on an angle adjustment support 1, and two sets of servo motors are arranged on the angle adjustment support 1. Among them, the servo motor one 3 is installed on the longitudinal structure of the support, which is used to drive the photovoltaic panel 2 to rotate around the horizontal axis, realizing the pitch angle adjustment; the servo motor two 4 is located on the horizontal base of the support, which can drive the photovoltaic panel 2 to rotate around the vertical axis, completing the adjustment of the azimuth angle, so as to improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency; it should be noted that the connection structure of the photovoltaic panel 2, the servo motor one 3 and the servo motor two 4 is the conventional connection mode in the art; in addition, the system of the present embodiment also comprises a central controller and a passive heat dissipation adjustment module and / or an active heat dissipation adjustment module connected with the central controller;

[0065] The passive heat dissipation adjustment module includes a wind direction sensor arranged on one side of the photovoltaic panel 2 for real-time acquisition of the wind direction of the environment where the photovoltaic panel is located, the wind direction monitoring accuracy reaches ±2°, and the wind direction data is updated to the central controller every 5 seconds; the central controller is used for calculating the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the current wind direction according to the wind direction data provided by the wind direction monitoring module and according to a preset photovoltaic panel angle and wind direction matching strategy, and controlling the servo motor 1 3 and the servo motor 2 4 to adjust the photovoltaic panel 2 to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle; for example, when the wind direction is north wind, the angle of the photovoltaic panel 2 is adjusted to enable the north wind to flow smoothly through the surface of the photovoltaic panel, enhance air convection, and promote heat dissipation. At the same time, in the adjustment process, the central controller continuously monitors parameters such as power generation efficiency, photovoltaic panel temperature, and fan operating state, and dynamically optimizes the adjustment strategy according to the actual situation. Specifically, as shown in Figure 2 , the process in which the central controller controls the passive heat dissipation adjustment module to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle includes:

[0066] 1) Data acquisition: the wind direction monitoring module acquires wind direction data θ w in real time, the wind direction data θ w is usually an angle with a certain reference direction (such as the north direction), θ w has a value range of (0, 360°), and the wind direction data is sent to the central controller at a period of 5 seconds, and the wind direction is divided into n intervals, each interval has an angle range of At the same time, the pitch angle α current and the azimuth angle β current of the current photovoltaic panel are acquired;

[0067] 2) Wind direction interval determination: according to the wind direction data, the wind direction interval i is determined according to the formula , and [·] represents the down rounding function;

[0068] 3) Target angle acquisition: the target pitch angle α i and the target azimuth angle β i corresponding to the wind direction interval are acquired from the preset matching strategy; for each wind direction interval i, the corresponding photovoltaic panel pitch angle α i and azimuth angle β i are preset. These preset angles are obtained through experiments or simulation, and the purpose is to enable the air to flow through the surface of the photovoltaic panel in the best way under the condition of the wind direction, and promote heat dissipation;

[0069] 4) Angle difference calculation: the pitch angle difference Δα = α i - α current and the azimuth angle difference Δβ = β i - β current are calculated;

[0070] 5) PID control calculation: the central controller performs PID control calculation on the adjustment of the pitch angle and the azimuth angle according to the calculated pitch angle difference Δα and azimuth angle difference Δβ, respectively. The formula of the PID control algorithm is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] wherein u(t) is the control output, i.e. the control signal of the servo motor, e(t) is the error signal, i.e. the difference Δα / Δβ between the current angle and the target angle, Kp, K p , K i and K d are the proportional coefficient, the integral coefficient and the differential coefficient, respectively.

[0073] Substituting the pitch angle difference Δα and the azimuth angle difference Δβ into the formula of the PID control algorithm, the control output u α (t) of the servo motor one and the control output u β (t) of the servo motor two are obtained. Taking the pitch angle adjustment as an example, the error signal e α (t) = Δα, and the control output u α (t) is used to control the servo motor one for adjusting the pitch angle. Similarly, for the azimuth angle adjustment, the error signal e β (t) = Δβ, and the control output u β (t) is used to control the servo motor two for adjusting the azimuth angle.

[0074] 6) Servo motor control: the central controller sends the control outputs u α (t) and u β (t) to the corresponding servo motor one and servo motor two, respectively, to drive the servo motor one and the servo motor two to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle within 10 seconds. When the wind direction changes, the above process is repeated to timely adjust the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel.

[0075] Therefore, through the above passive heat dissipation adjustment, the central controller can accurately control the servo motor to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel according to the wind direction data combined with the preset matching strategy, thereby achieving efficient heat dissipation effect.

[0076] The active heat dissipation adjustment module includes a high-precision thermal imager 7 arranged on one side of the photovoltaic panel 2 for real-time acquisition of the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel, a fan 5 arranged on one side of the angle adjustment support and provided with a blowing angle adjustable within a range of 0-360° driven by a servo motor three 6, the fan 5 is internally provided with a wind direction sensor for real-time acquisition of the wind direction of the environment where the photovoltaic panel is located; the central controller is used for judging the temperature of the high-temperature area of the photovoltaic panel surface monitored by the thermal imager to reach a preset threshold value (such as 60°C), and controlling the fan to start at the same time, combining the wind direction information detected by the wind direction sensor internally arranged in the fan and the current position of the fan, calculating the best blowing angle of the fan, and controlling the servo motor three to adjust the fan to the best blowing angle to form the best heat dissipation flow field. For example, when the wind direction is southeast wind, the algorithm will calculate the best blowing angle of the fan, so that the cooling airflow can cover the high-temperature area of the photovoltaic panel to the greatest extent, and the airflows are prevented from interfering with each other. Specifically, as shown in Figure 3 , the process of adjusting the fan to the best blowing angle by the active heat dissipation adjustment module includes:

[0077] 1) Data acquisition: the temperature distribution data T(x, y) of the surface of the photovoltaic panel is collected by using the temperature monitoring module, wherein (x, y) is the surface coordinate of the photovoltaic panel; the wind direction θ is obtained by using the wind direction monitoring module w , and the position coordinate (x f ,y f ) of the fan is recorded at the same time;

[0078] 2) Data processing: set the temperature threshold T th , define the area with a temperature higher than the threshold as a high-temperature area, and the set of high-temperature areas is represented as: H={(x, y)|T(x, y)>T th}; calculate the centroid coordinates (x c ,y c ) of the high-temperature area, and the formula is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] wherein |H| represents the number of points in the high-temperature area;

[0081] Meanwhile, the distance d and the angle θ h from the fan to the centroid of the high-temperature area are calculated:

[0082]

[0083] 3) Angle calculation: calculate the initial blowing angle θ init of the fan, θ init = θ h - θ w , and θ init is within the range of [0, 2π), if θ init < 0, then θ init = θinit +2π;

[0084] And according to the boundary conditions and fan characteristics, the optimal blowing angle θ is obtained. opt ; Assume that the correction coefficient is k, the correction angle is Δθ, and the corrected optimal blowing angle θ opt for:

[0085] θ opt =θ init +k·Δθ;

[0086] Where k is a coefficient determined based on actual conditions and ranges from [0, 1]. Δθ is a known quantity determined through experiments or experience, such as the fan-shaped range of the wind turbine and the shape of the photovoltaic panel.

[0087] 4) Angle adjustment: The central controller adjusts the optimal blowing angle θ opt The servo motor that adjusts the fan's blowing angle adjusts the fan to the optimal blowing angle within 2 seconds. During fan operation, wind direction changes are continuously monitored, the optimal blowing angle is recalculated every 10 seconds, and the fan angle is dynamically adjusted. During system operation, the central controller continuously collects data such as power generation efficiency, photovoltaic panel temperature, and fan operating status. Based on this data, machine learning algorithms continuously optimize active and passive adjustment strategies, such as adjusting the fan startup temperature threshold and optimizing the matching strategy between photovoltaic panel angle and wind direction, to adapt to different environmental conditions and power generation needs and achieve optimal adjustment results.

[0088] Therefore, through the above active heat dissipation adjustment, the optimal blowing angle of the fan can be determined according to the situation of the fan, combined with the temperature distribution of the photovoltaic panel and the wind direction information, to achieve better heat dissipation effect.

[0089] In summary, the active and passive coordinated adjustment methods can quickly respond to environmental changes. Whether the temperature rises or the wind direction changes, the cooling fan and photovoltaic panel angles can be adjusted in time to reduce the power generation fluctuations caused by environmental factors and ensure the stability of the power supply of the power grid.

[0090] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. Any technical variations made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An active and passive regulation heat dissipation system for photovoltaic power generation in a power grid, comprising a photovoltaic panel mounted on an angle adjustment bracket, the angle adjustment bracket being provided with a servo motor 1 for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate about a horizontal axis to adjust the pitch angle of the photovoltaic panel, and a servo motor 2 for driving the photovoltaic panel to rotate about a vertical axis to adjust the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel; characterized in that: It also includes a central controller and a passive heat dissipation adjustment module and / or an active heat dissipation adjustment module connected to the central controller; The passive heat dissipation adjustment module includes a wind direction monitoring module provided on one side of the photovoltaic panel for obtaining the wind direction of the environment in which the photovoltaic panel is located in real time; the central controller is used to calculate the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the current wind direction according to the wind direction data provided by the wind direction monitoring module and a preset photovoltaic panel angle and wind direction matching strategy, and control servo motor 1 and servo motor 2 to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle; The active heat dissipation adjustment module includes a temperature monitoring module arranged on one side of the photovoltaic panel for obtaining the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel in real time, and a fan arranged on one side of the angle adjustment bracket and driven by servo motor three with an adjustable blowing angle within the range of 0-360°. The fan is equipped with a wind direction monitoring module for obtaining the wind direction of the environment in which the photovoltaic panel is located in real time; the central controller is used to control the fan to start when it determines that the temperature monitoring module monitors that the temperature of the high-temperature area on the surface of the photovoltaic panel reaches a preset threshold. At the same time, combined with the wind direction information detected by the built-in wind direction monitoring module of the fan and the current position of the fan, the optimal blowing angle of the fan is calculated, and the servo motor three is controlled to adjust the fan to the optimal blowing angle.

2. The active and passive regulation and heat dissipation system for photovoltaic power generation in a power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature monitoring module is a thermal imager.

3. The active and passive regulation and heat dissipation system for photovoltaic power generation in a power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind direction monitoring module is a wind direction sensor.

4. The active and passive regulation and heat dissipation system for photovoltaic power generation in a power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment process of the central controller when performing passive heat dissipation adjustment includes: 1) Data collection: The wind direction monitoring module collects wind direction data in real time. w ,θ w The value range of is (0,360°), and the wind direction is divided into n intervals. The angle range of each interval is At the same time, get the current photovoltaic panel pitch angle α current and azimuth β current ; 2) Determination of wind direction range: Based on wind direction data, according to the formula Determine the wind direction interval i, [·] represents the floor rounding function; 3) Target angle acquisition: Get the target pitch angle α corresponding to the wind direction interval from the preset matching strategy i and target azimuth β i ; 4) Angle difference calculation: Calculate the pitch angle difference Δα = α i -α current and the azimuth difference Δβ=β i -β current ; 5) PID control calculation: The central controller performs PID control calculations on the pitch angle and azimuth angle adjustments based on the calculated pitch angle difference Δα and azimuth angle difference Δβ. The PID control algorithm formula is as follows: Among them, u(t) is the control output, that is, the control signal of the servo motor, e(t) is the error signal, that is, the difference between the current angle and the target angle Δα / Δβ, K p , K i and K d They are proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and differential coefficient respectively; Substitute the pitch angle difference Δα and the azimuth angle difference Δβ into the formula of the PID control algorithm to obtain the control output u of the servo motor 1 α (t) and the control output u of servo motor 2 β (t); 6) Servo motor control: The central controller will control the output u α (t) and u β (t) is sent to the corresponding servo motor 1 and servo motor 2, driving servo motor 1 and servo motor 2 to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle.

5. The active and passive regulation and heat dissipation system for photovoltaic power generation in a power grid according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment process of the central controller performing active heat dissipation adjustment includes: 1) Data acquisition: Use the temperature monitoring module to collect the photovoltaic panel surface temperature distribution data T(x,y), where (x,y) is the photovoltaic panel surface coordinate; use the wind direction monitoring module to obtain the wind direction θ w , and record the fan position coordinates (x f ,y f ); 2) Data processing: Setting the temperature threshold T th , the area with temperature higher than the threshold is defined as the high temperature area, and the high temperature area set is expressed as: H = {(x, y)|T(x, y)>T th }; Calculate the coordinates of the centroid of the high temperature area (x c ,y c ), the formula is as follows: Where |H| represents the number of points in the high temperature area; At the same time, calculate the distance d and angle θ from the fan to the centroid of the high temperature area h : 3) Angle calculation: Calculate the initial blowing angle of the fan θ init ,θ init =θ h -θ w ,θ init In the range [0, 2π), if θ init <0, then θ init =θ init +2π; And according to the boundary conditions and fan characteristics, the optimal blowing angle θ is obtained. opt ; Assume that the correction coefficient is k, the correction angle is Δθ, and the corrected optimal blowing angle θ opt for: i opt =θ init +k·Δθ; Where k is a coefficient determined according to actual conditions and its value range is between [0,1]; Δθ is a known quantity determined by experiment or experience; 4) Angle adjustment: The central controller adjusts the optimal blowing angle θ opt The servo motor 3 that adjusts the blowing angle of the fan adjusts the fan to the optimal blowing angle.

6. A method for active and passive regulation of heat dissipation in photovoltaic power generation of a power grid, characterized in that: Heat dissipation regulation is performed using the active and passive regulation heat dissipation system for grid photovoltaic power generation as described in any one of claims 1-5, and the specific steps include: controlling the passive heat dissipation regulation module solely through a central controller to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle, or controlling the active heat dissipation regulation module solely through a central controller to adjust the fan to the optimal blowing angle, or controlling the passive heat dissipation regulation module jointly through a central controller to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle and the active heat dissipation regulation module to adjust the fan to the optimal blowing angle.

7. The active and passive heat dissipation regulation method for photovoltaic power generation in a power grid according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process of the central controller controlling the passive heat dissipation adjustment module to adjust the photovoltaic panels to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle includes: 1) Data collection: The wind direction monitoring module collects wind direction data in real time. w ,θ w The value range of is (0,360°), and the wind direction is divided into n intervals. The angle range of each interval is At the same time, get the current photovoltaic panel pitch angle α current and azimuth β current ; 2) Determination of wind direction range: Based on wind direction data, according to the formula Determine the wind direction interval i, [·] represents the floor rounding function; 3) Target angle acquisition: Get the target pitch angle α corresponding to the wind direction interval from the preset matching strategy i and target azimuth β i ; 4) Angle difference calculation: Calculate the pitch angle difference Δα = α i -α current and the azimuth difference Δβ=β i -β current ; 5) PID control calculation: The central controller performs PID control calculations on the pitch angle and azimuth angle adjustments based on the calculated pitch angle difference Δα and azimuth angle difference Δβ. The PID control algorithm formula is as follows: Among them, u(t) is the control output, that is, the control signal of the servo motor, e(t) is the error signal, that is, the difference between the current angle and the target angle Δα / Δβ, K p , K i and K d They are proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and differential coefficient respectively; Substitute the pitch angle difference Δα and the azimuth angle difference Δβ into the formula of the PID control algorithm to obtain the control output u of the servo motor 1 α (t) and the control output u of servo motor 2 β (t); 6) Servo motor control: The central controller will control the output u α (t) and u β (t) is sent to the corresponding servo motor 1 and servo motor 2, driving servo motor 1 and servo motor 2 to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle.

8. The active and passive heat dissipation regulation method for photovoltaic power generation in a power grid according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process by which the central controller controls the active heat dissipation adjustment module to adjust the fan to the optimal blowing angle includes: 1) Data acquisition: Use the temperature monitoring module to collect the photovoltaic panel surface temperature distribution data T(x,y), where (x,y) is the photovoltaic panel surface coordinate; use the wind direction monitoring module to obtain the wind direction θ w , and record the fan position coordinates (x f ,y f ); 2) Data processing: Setting the temperature threshold T th , the area with temperature higher than the threshold is defined as the high temperature area, and the high temperature area set is expressed as: H = {(x, y)|T(x, y)>T th }; Calculate the coordinates of the centroid of the high temperature area (x c ,y c ), the formula is as follows: Where |H| represents the number of points in the high temperature area; At the same time, calculate the distance d and angle θ from the fan to the centroid of the high temperature area h : 3) Angle calculation: Calculate the initial blowing angle of the fan θ init ,θ init =θ h -θ w ,θ init In the range [0, 2π), if θ init <0, then θ init =θ init +2π; And according to the boundary conditions and fan characteristics, the optimal blowing angle θ is obtained. opt ; Assume that the correction coefficient is k, the correction angle is Δθ, and the corrected optimal blowing angle θ opt for: i opt =θ init +k·Δθ; Where k is a coefficient determined according to actual conditions and its value range is between [0,1]; Δθ is a known quantity determined by experiment or experience; 4) Angle adjustment: The central controller adjusts the optimal blowing angle θ opt The servo motor 3 that adjusts the blowing angle of the fan adjusts the fan to the optimal blowing angle.

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