Calcium-silicon laminated solar cell, preparation method thereof and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses a calcium-silicon laminated solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module, and relates to the field of solar photovoltaic power generation. The photovoltaic module comprises a support, and further comprises a mounting plate which is obliquely and fixedly connected to the support; a separation copper plate is fixedly connected in the mounting plate, and the mounting plate is divided into a mounting groove and a refrigeration cavity through the separation copper plate; compared with a traditional photovoltaic module, in a high-temperature environment, the temperature of the photovoltaic panel can be always maintained within a safe temperature range, the problem of power generation efficiency attenuation caused by too high temperature is effectively avoided, meanwhile, the temperature fluctuation in the refrigeration cavity can be controlled within + / -1 DEG C through circulating flow of the cooling liquid, uniform heat dissipation of the photovoltaic panel is ensured, and the service life of the photovoltaic module is prolonged. The problem of element aging or damage caused by local overheating is reduced, stable power generation can be maintained even in extreme high-temperature climate, the photovoltaic module can be applied to special scenes such as high-temperature arid regions, and the application range of the photovoltaic module is effectively widened.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of solar photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a calcium-silicon laminated solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module. BACKGROUND

[0002] Under the background of the global energy structure accelerating the transformation to clean energy, photovoltaic power generation has become an important development direction in the new energy field due to its clean and renewable characteristics. With the continuous expansion of the photovoltaic market, the performance stability and service life of photovoltaic modules in high-temperature environments have become increasingly prominent.

[0003] At present, most photovoltaic modules rely on the solar panel itself to dissipate heat when converting light energy in hot weather, such as natural heat dissipation methods such as air convection and heat radiation. However, such heat dissipation methods have low natural heat dissipation efficiency and are difficult to quickly dissipate the large amount of heat generated by the photovoltaic panel under high-intensity light. According to research, for every 1℃ increase in the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel in a high-temperature environment, the power generation efficiency will decrease by about 0.3%-0.5%, which will further cause the overall power generation performance of the module to decrease significantly. At the same time, when the electronic components inside the photovoltaic panel are in a high-temperature working state for a long time, the components are prone to accelerated aging, which shortens their service life. In addition, overheating may cause short circuits and other faults, resulting in component burnout, increased maintenance costs and replacement frequency. In view of the above, the present application is proposed. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a calcium-silicon laminated solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module that can overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the basic idea of the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows: a photovoltaic module, comprising a support, further comprising: a mounting plate fixedly connected to the support at an inclination; a partition copper plate fixedly connected in the mounting plate, the mounting plate being divided into a mounting groove and a refrigeration cavity by the partition copper plate; a photovoltaic panel placed in the mounting groove, the bottom of the photovoltaic panel being in close contact with the partition copper plate; a refrigeration fin fixedly connected in the refrigeration cavity; a circulating pump fixedly connected to one side of the lower end of the mounting plate, an outlet opening being formed on one side of the upper end of the refrigeration cavity, a return opening being formed on the lower end of the refrigeration cavity, the liquid suction port of the circulating pump being connected to the outlet opening of the refrigeration cavity through a liquid suction pipe, and the liquid discharge port of the circulating pump being connected to the return opening of the refrigeration cavity through a liquid return pipe.

[0006] Further, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the middle of the interior of the refrigeration cavity, a plurality of stirring leaf plates are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft in a circumferential equidistant manner, the liquid outlet and the liquid return port of the refrigeration cavity are symmetrically and staggeredly distributed, and the liquid outlet end of the liquid return pipe extends into the refrigeration cavity and faces the stirring leaf plates.

[0007] Further, a clamping air bag ring for clamping and fixing the photovoltaic panel is fixedly connected in the mounting groove.

[0008] Further, the rotating shaft extends downward beyond one end of the refrigeration cavity and is fixedly connected with an eccentric disc, two air cylinders are fixedly connected to the two sides of the eccentric disc at the bottom of the mounting plate in a symmetrical manner, a piston plate is slidably connected in the air cylinder, a connecting rod is connected to the piston plate, a T-shaped sliding block is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod away from the piston plate, a T-shaped sliding groove is formed in the eccentric disc, the T-shaped sliding block is slidably connected in the T-shaped sliding groove, an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the air cylinder, a first one-way valve is mounted in the air inlet and the air outlet of the air cylinder, the air outlet of the air cylinder and the air inlet of the clamping air bag ring are connected through an air conveying pipe, a second one-way valve is mounted in the air outlet of the clamping air bag ring, and an exhaust valve pipe is fixedly connected to the clamping air bag ring.

[0009] Further, the air outlet of the clamping air bag ring is arranged near the upper end, a plurality of air outlets are equidistantly formed in the air outlet of the clamping air bag ring, a plurality of air jet heads are equidistantly fixedly connected to the upper end of the mounting plate, the air jet heads are respectively connected to the air outlets of the adjacent clamping air bag rings, and the air jet heads are arranged to be inclined downward and face the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0010] A calcium-silicon laminated solar cell is arranged in a photovoltaic panel in a photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic panel is made of a plurality of solar cell panels connected in series.

[0011] Further, the solar cell panel comprises a base frame, and a silicon cell piece, a TCO1 layer, an intermediate layer, a TCO2 layer, a perovskite cell piece, and a transparent glass plate are sequentially arranged in the base frame from bottom to top.

[0012] Further, the TCO1 layer and the TCO2 layer have a thickness of 2-7 nm, and the TCO1 layer and the TCO2 layer are one, a mixture of two or more of SnO2, NiOx, indium tin oxide, and FTO.

[0013] Further, the intermediate layer is a dispersedly distributed metal particle or a dispersedly distributed metal film or a metal cluster.

[0014] A preparation method of a calcium-silicon laminated solar cell mainly comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1: the silicon battery piece is bonded in the base frame through EVA adhesive film;

[0016] S2: a TCO1 layer is evaporated, sputtered or atomically deposited on the light absorption surface of the silicon battery piece, and the TCO1 layer is an n-type doped TCO;

[0017] S3: an intermediate layer is formed on the TCO1 layer;

[0018] S4: a TCO2 layer is evaporated, sputtered or atomically deposited on the intermediate layer, and the TCO2 layer is a p-type doped TCO;

[0019] S5: the perovskite battery piece is bonded on the TCO2 layer through the EVA adhesive film;

[0020] S6: the transparent glass plate is bonded on the perovskite battery piece through the EVA adhesive film;

[0021] S7: the transparent glass plate is sealed with the edge of the base frame through the sealing glue.

[0022] After the above technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic module has the following beneficial effects: compared with the conventional natural heat dissipation photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module can maintain the temperature of the photovoltaic panel within a safe temperature range in a high-temperature environment by virtue of the active refrigeration and the circulation of the cooling liquid, effectively avoids the problem of power generation efficiency decay caused by excessively high temperature, and simultaneously, the circulation of the cooling liquid can control the temperature fluctuation in the refrigeration cavity within ±1℃, ensures uniform heat dissipation of the photovoltaic panel, reduces the problem of component aging or damage caused by local overheating, and even in an extremely high-temperature climate, stable power generation can be maintained, so that the photovoltaic module can be applied to special scenes such as high-temperature and arid areas, and the application range of the photovoltaic module is effectively widened.

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 is a structure diagram of the photovoltaic module of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 2 is a structure diagram of the photovoltaic module of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 3 is a structure diagram of the internal structure of the mounting plate in the photovoltaic module of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 4 is a structure diagram of the internal structure of the mounting plate in the photovoltaic module of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 5 Structure diagram of part of the photovoltaic module of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the solar cell panel of the present application;

[0031] Figure 7 Structure diagram of the solar cell panel of the present application.

[0032] In the figure: 1, support; 2, mounting plate; 201, partition copper plate; 202, mounting groove; 203, refrigeration cavity; 204, refrigeration sheet; 205, circulating pump; 206, liquid suction pipe; 207, liquid return pipe; 3, rotating shaft; 301, stirring blade; 302, eccentric disc; 303, air cylinder; 304, piston plate; 305, connecting rod; 306, T-shaped slider; 307, air conveying pipe; 308, clamping air bag ring; 309, air jet head; 3010, exhaust valve pipe; 4, solar cell panel; 401, base frame; 402, silicon cell sheet; 403, TCO1 layer; 404, intermediate layer; 405, TCO2 layer; 406, perovskite cell sheet; 407, transparent glass plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present application but not to limit the scope of the present application.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] Reference Figures 1-5 A photovoltaic module, comprising a support 1, further comprising: a mounting plate 2, which is fixedly connected to the support 1 in an inclined manner; a partition copper plate 201 is fixedly connected in the mounting plate 2, and the mounting plate 2 is divided into a mounting groove 202 and a refrigeration cavity 203 by the partition copper plate 201; a photovoltaic panel, which is placed in the mounting groove 202, and the bottom of the photovoltaic panel is attached to the partition copper plate 201; a refrigeration sheet 204, which is fixedly connected in the refrigeration cavity 203; a circulating pump 205, which is fixedly connected to the lower end of one side of the mounting plate 2, and a liquid outlet is formed in the upper end of one side of the refrigeration cavity 203, and a liquid return port is formed in the lower end of the refrigeration cavity 203, and the liquid suction port of the circulating pump 205 and the liquid outlet of the refrigeration cavity 203 are connected by a liquid suction pipe 206, and the liquid return port of the circulating pump 205 and the liquid return port of the refrigeration cavity 203 are connected by a liquid return pipe 207.

[0036] In the traditional photovoltaic module application scenario, the solar panel only relies on its own heat dissipation in hot weather, causing the internal operating elements to be in a high temperature state for a long time, which seriously threatens the element life and even causes a burnout risk. However, in the operation process of the photovoltaic module, the core heat dissipation mechanism is based on the synergistic effect of the active refrigeration of the refrigeration sheet 204 and the circulation of the cooling liquid. When the photovoltaic panel converts light energy into electrical energy under sunlight, it will generate a large amount of heat, which is directly conducted to the partition copper plate 201 at the bottom. The partition copper plate 201, as a key heat conduction component, rapidly transfers the heat to the side of the adjacent refrigeration cavity 203. At this time, the refrigeration sheet 204 starts to work. After being electrified, it uses the Peltier effect to absorb heat on the refrigeration surface, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid in the refrigeration cavity 203 is reduced. At the same time, the circulating pump 205 starts to form a cooling liquid circulation loop: the cooling liquid at the upper end of the refrigeration cavity 203 is heated due to heat absorption, and is extracted by the circulating pump 205 through the liquid extraction pipe 206. The circulating pump 205 pressurizes and delivers the heated cooling liquid to the liquid return pipe 207, and finally flows back into the cavity from the lower end of the refrigeration cavity 203. In the process of continuous circulation of the cooling liquid, the cooling liquid is in full contact with the cooling area of the refrigeration sheet 204, and the heat is quickly taken away, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is uniform. The cooling liquid that is in contact with the partition copper plate 201 can be updated in time to ensure that the heat is continuously and efficiently absorbed, forming a closed-loop heat dissipation process of photovoltaic panel heat generation-copper plate heat conduction-refrigeration sheet 204 cooling-cooling liquid circulation, ensuring the service life of the photovoltaic panel and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0037] Compared with the traditional natural heat dissipation photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module with the design of active refrigeration and cooling liquid circulation can maintain the temperature of the photovoltaic panel within a safe temperature range in a high-temperature environment, effectively avoiding the problem of power generation efficiency decay caused by high temperature. At the same time, the circulation of the cooling liquid can control the temperature fluctuation in the refrigeration cavity 203 within ±1℃, ensuring uniform heat dissipation of the photovoltaic panel and reducing the problem of element aging or damage caused by local overheating. Even in extreme high-temperature climates, stable power generation can be maintained, which can be applied to special scenes such as high-temperature and arid areas, effectively expanding the application range of the photovoltaic module.

[0038] Embodiment 2:

[0039] With reference to Figures 1-5 A photovoltaic module, which is basically the same as Embodiment 1, and further has a rotating shaft 3 rotatably connected to the middle of the interior of the refrigeration cavity 203. A plurality of stirring blades 301 are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 3 at equal intervals in a circle. The liquid outlet and the liquid return port of the refrigeration cavity 203 are symmetrically and staggeredly distributed. The liquid outlet end of the liquid return pipe 207 extends into the refrigeration cavity 203 and faces the stirring blades 301.

[0040] The liquid outlet end of the liquid return pipe 207 is aligned with the stirring blade 301, and the high-pressure return flow of the cooling liquid impacts the blade at a high speed, driving the rotating shaft 3 to rotate, and driving the stirring blade 301 to forcibly stir the cooling liquid in the refrigeration cavity 203. This active convection method can more quickly and efficiently break the temperature stratification of the cooling liquid caused by heat absorption, so that cooling liquids of different temperatures can be fully mixed, effectively avoiding the phenomenon of excessive temperature of the cooling liquid in the local area.

[0041] The improvement of the uniformity of the cooling liquid temperature ensures the consistency of the heat dissipation effect of the partition copper plate 201 on the photovoltaic panel. Even in the case of fluctuation of heat generation of the photovoltaic panel, uniform cooling liquid can quickly respond and balance the heat, avoiding local overheating of the photovoltaic panel due to local heat dissipation lag, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the photovoltaic module in a high-temperature environment.

[0042] Embodiment 3:

[0043] Referring to Figures 1-5 A photovoltaic module, which is basically the same as Embodiment 2, and further has a clamping air bag ring 308 fixedly connected in the mounting groove 202 for clamping and fixing the photovoltaic panel.

[0044] The eccentric disc 302 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating shaft 3 extending downward out of the refrigeration cavity 203, two air cylinders 303 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate 2 on both sides of the eccentric disc 302, the piston plate 304 is slidably connected in the air cylinder 303, the connecting rod 305 is connected to the piston plate 304, the T-shaped sliding block 306 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 305 away from the piston plate 304, a T-shaped sliding groove is formed in the eccentric disc 302, the T-shaped sliding block 306 is slidably connected in the T-shaped sliding groove, the air inlet and the air outlet are formed in the air cylinder 303, the first one-way valve is installed in the air inlet and the air outlet of the air cylinder 303, the air outlet of the air cylinder 303 and the air inlet of the clamping air bag ring 308 are connected through the air conveying pipe 307, the second one-way valve is installed in the air outlet of the clamping air bag ring 308, and the exhaust valve pipe 3010 is fixedly connected to the clamping air bag ring 308.

[0045] When the rotating shaft 3 rotates due to the impact of the stirring blade 301 by the cooling liquid, the eccentric disc 302 rotates synchronously, the eccentric disc 302 drives the connecting rod 305 to drive the piston plate 304 to reciprocate in the air cylinder 303 through the cooperation of the T-shaped sliding block 306 and the T-shaped sliding groove, the movement of the piston plate 304 causes the air cylinder 303 to suck in air through the first one-way valve, and the compressed air is filled into the clamping air bag ring 308 through the air conveying pipe 307, so that the clamping air bag ring 308 expands to clamp the photovoltaic panel, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel can be stably installed under different working conditions.

[0046] The clamping air bag ring 308 is arranged around the mounting groove 202, can uniformly clamp the photovoltaic panel from multiple directions, can better adapt to photovoltaic panels of different sizes and shapes compared with the traditional rigid clamping mode, avoids the problem of not being tightly installed due to size errors of the photovoltaic panel, and simultaneously, the elastic clamping of the air bag can buffer external vibration and impact, reduces the risk of damage of the photovoltaic panel due to uneven stress in the process of transportation and use, prolongs the service life of the photovoltaic panel, and guarantees stable operation of the photovoltaic module.

[0047] When the photovoltaic panel needs to be disassembled, the exhaust valve pipe 3010 is only needed to be opened, the gas in the clamping air bag ring 308 is rapidly discharged, the air bag is contracted, and the photovoltaic panel can be easily taken out, so that the operation is simple and fast, the stability of installation and the convenience of disassembly are considered, and the working efficiency of the photovoltaic module in maintenance and replacement of the photovoltaic panel is improved.

[0048] Embodiment 4:

[0049] With reference to Figures 1-5 A photovoltaic module is basically the same as that in Embodiment 3, and further, the gas outlet on the clamping air bag ring 308 is arranged at a position close to the upper end, a plurality of gas outlets on the clamping air bag ring 308 are equidistantly arranged, a plurality of jet heads 309 are equidistantly and fixedly connected to the upper end of the mounting plate 2, the plurality of jet heads 309 are respectively connected to the gas outlets of the adjacent clamping air bag rings 308, and the jet heads 309 are arranged to be inclined downward and face the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0050] After the clamping air bag ring 308 completes clamping and fixing of the photovoltaic panel, the excess gas in the clamping air bag ring 308 can be discharged through the gas outlets, the gas outlets are arranged at a position close to the upper end and equidistantly distributed, and are connected to the jet heads 309 inclined downward, the discharged gas can be sprayed to the surface of the photovoltaic panel at a certain angle and intensity, the high-speed airflow can effectively blow away the dust, debris and other pollutants attached to the surface of the photovoltaic panel, reduces the shielding of dust to light, avoids the problem of reduced power generation efficiency due to dust accumulation, and simultaneously, the sprayed gas can further perform heat dissipation treatment on the photovoltaic panel, guaranteeing continuous and efficient power generation of the photovoltaic panel.

[0051] Traditional photovoltaic panel cleaning needs to rely on regular wiping by manpower or use of special cleaning equipment, consumes a large amount of manpower and time cost, while the design utilizes the gas generated by the operation of the module itself to realize automatic cleaning, does not need additional manpower intervention, significantly reduces the cleaning and maintenance cost, simultaneously, continuous automatic cleaning can prolong the time for the photovoltaic panel to remain in a clean state, reduces the frequency of manual cleaning, and is especially suitable for large-area photovoltaic power stations or photovoltaic modules installed at high positions and not easy to reach.

[0052] Embodiment 5:

[0053] With reference to Figures 6-7The application discloses a calcium-silicon laminated solar cell used in a photovoltaic panel in a photovoltaic module.

[0054] The solar cell panel 4 comprises a base frame 401, and the silicon cell sheet 402, the TCO1 layer 403, the intermediate layer 404, the TCO2 layer 405, the perovskite cell sheet 406 and the transparent glass plate 407 are sequentially arranged in the base frame 401 from bottom to top.

[0055] The thickness of the TCO1 layer 403 and the TCO2 layer 405 is 2-7 nm, and the TCO1 layer 403 and the TCO2 layer 405 are one, a mixture of two or more of SnO2, NiOx, indium tin oxide and FTO.

[0056] The intermediate layer 404 is a dispersedly distributed metal particle or a dispersedly distributed metal film or a metal cluster.

[0057] The calcium-silicon laminated solar cell takes the silicon cell sheet 402 as a bottom cell, takes the perovskite cell sheet 406 as a top cell, takes the transparent glass plate 407 as a protective panel, and the perovskite cell sheet 406 is a p-i-n type cell.

[0058] The TCO1 layer 403 and the TCO2 layer 405 in the application can be the same or different, and can be selected from or collectively selected from SnO2, nickel oxide, indium tin oxide and FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide).

[0059] The thickness of the TCO1 layer 403 and the TCO2 layer 405 can be the same or different, and is selected from 2-10 nm, preferably 2-7 nm, such as 2 nm, 3 nm, 4 nm, 5 nm, 6 nm or 7 nm.

[0060] The intermediate layer 404 in the application is a dispersed metal particle or a dispersed metal film or other forms of metal clusters, and the shape of the metal clusters can be any shape, and the metal clusters exist in the form of discontinuous metal clusters, which is beneficial to the light transmission of the top cell and the provision of catalytic sites for the recombination of carriers.

[0061] The perovskite cell 406 specifically includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite film layer, an electron transport layer and an electrode layer arranged in sequence, wherein the perovskite film layer material includes component a and component b, the component a is one component or a combination of lead iodide, lead bromide and lead chloride, and the component b is one component or a combination of multiple components of cesium iodide, rubidium iodide, formamidine iodine, formamidine bromine, formamidine chloride, methylamine iodine, methylamine bromine, methylamine chloride, cesium chloride and cesium bromide.

[0062] The preparation method of the perovskite-silicon laminated solar cell mainly includes the following steps:

[0063] S1: bonding the silicon cell 402 in the base frame 401 through EVA adhesive film;

[0064] S2: evaporating, sputtering or atomic layer deposition of the TCO1 layer 403 on the light absorption surface of the silicon cell 402, and the TCO1 layer 403 is an n-type doped TCO;

[0065] S3: the intermediate layer 404 on the TCO1 layer 403;

[0066] S4: evaporating, sputtering or atomic layer deposition of the TCO2 layer 405 on the intermediate layer 404, and the TCO2 layer 405 is a p-type doped TCO;

[0067] S5: bonding the perovskite cell 406 on the TCO2 layer 405 through EVA adhesive film;

[0068] S6: bonding the transparent glass plate 407 on the perovskite cell 406 through EVA adhesive film;

[0069] S7: sealing the edge of the transparent glass plate 407 and the base frame 401 through sealing glue.

[0070] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the application, and is not intended to limit the application in any form. Although the application has been disclosed as above with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic assembly, comprising a bracket (1), characterized in that: Also includes: A mounting plate (2) is fixedly connected to the bracket (1) in an oblique manner; A partition copper plate (201) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (2), and a mounting groove (202) and a refrigeration cavity (203) are separated on the mounting plate (2) by the partition copper plate (201); A photovoltaic panel is placed in the installation groove (202), with the bottom of the photovoltaic panel being in contact with the partition copper plate (201); A refrigeration fin (204) is fixedly connected in the refrigeration cavity (203); A circulation pump (205) is fixedly connected to one side of the lower end of the mounting plate (2); a liquid outlet is provided on one side of the upper end of the refrigeration chamber (203); a liquid return port is provided at the lower end of the refrigeration chamber (203); the liquid extraction port of the circulation pump (205) is connected to the liquid outlet of the refrigeration chamber (203) via a liquid extraction pipe (206); and the liquid discharge port of the circulation pump (205) is connected to the liquid return port of the refrigeration chamber (203) via a liquid return pipe (207).

2. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating shaft (3) is rotatably connected to the middle of the interior of the refrigeration cavity (203), and a plurality of stirring blades (301) are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (3) at equal intervals on the circumference. The liquid outlet and the liquid return port on the refrigeration cavity (203) are symmetrically and staggeredly distributed, and the liquid outlet end of the liquid return pipe (207) extends into the refrigeration cavity (203) and faces the stirring blades (301).

3. A photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: A clamping airbag ring (308) is fixedly connected in the installation groove (202) and is used to clamp and fix the photovoltaic panel.

4. A photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the rotating shaft (3) extending downward out of the refrigeration chamber (203) is fixedly connected to an eccentric disk (302); the bottom of the mounting plate (2) is located on both sides of the eccentric disk (302) and is symmetrically fixedly connected to two air cylinders (303); a piston plate (304) is slidably connected in the air cylinder (303); a connecting rod (305) is connected to the piston plate (304); an end of the connecting rod (305) away from the piston plate (304) is fixedly connected to a T-shaped slider (306); and a connecting rod (305) is provided on the eccentric disk (302). A T-shaped slide groove is formed around the ring, and the T-shaped slider (306) is slidably connected in the T-shaped slide groove. An air inlet and an air outlet are provided on the air cylinder (303), and a first one-way valve is installed in the air inlet and the air outlet of the air cylinder (303). The air outlet of the air cylinder (303) is connected to the air inlet of the clamping airbag ring (308) through an air supply pipe (307), and a second one-way valve is installed in the air outlet of the clamping airbag ring (308). An exhaust valve pipe (3010) is fixedly connected to the clamping airbag ring (308).

5. A photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air outlet on the clamping airbag ring (308) is arranged near the upper end, and the clamping airbag ring (308) has a plurality of air outlets equidistantly provided thereon. The upper end of the mounting plate (2) is fixedly connected with a plurality of nozzles (309) equidistantly, and the plurality of nozzles (309) are respectively connected to the air outlets of adjacent clamping airbag rings (308). The nozzles (309) are arranged tilted downward toward the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

6. A calcium silicon tandem solar cell, used in a photovoltaic panel in a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel comprises a solar cell panel (4), wherein the photovoltaic panel is made of a plurality of solar cell panels (4) connected in series.

7. The calcium-silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The solar cell panel (4) comprises a base frame (401), wherein a silicon cell (402), a TCO1 layer (403), an intermediate layer (404), a TCO2 layer (405), a perovskite cell (406), and a transparent glass plate (407) are sequentially arranged in the base frame (401) from bottom to top.

8. The calcium-silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thickness of the TCO1 layer (403) and the TCO2 layer (405) is 2-7 nm, and the TCO1 layer (403) and the TCO2 layer (405) are one or a mixture of two or more of SnO2, NiOx, indium tin oxide, and FTO.

9. The calcium-silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: The intermediate layer (404) is dispersed metal particles or dispersed metal films or metal clusters.

10. A method for preparing a calcium silicon tandem solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that , mainly includes the following steps: S1: bonding the silicon cell (402) to the base frame (401) via an EVA adhesive film; S2: evaporating, sputtering or atomic layer depositing a TCO1 layer (403) on the light absorption surface of the silicon cell (402), wherein the TCO1 layer (403) is an n-type doped TCO; S3: an intermediate layer (404) on the TCO1 layer (403); S4: evaporating, sputtering or atomic layer depositing a TCO2 layer (405) on the intermediate layer (404), wherein the TCO2 layer (405) is a p-type doped TCO; S5: bonding the perovskite cell (406) onto the TCO2 layer (405) via an EVA adhesive film; S6: bonding the transparent glass plate (407) to the perovskite cell (406) via an EVA adhesive film; S7: The edges of the transparent glass plate (407) and the base frame (401) are sealed with a sealant.

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