Abnormal wear test device and test method for shield cutter with soft and hard conversion interface

Abstract

The invention discloses a test device and a test method for abnormal wear of a shield cutter with a soft and hard transformation interface, and belongs to the technical field of shield cutter test devices. A soft and hard transformation interface shield cutter abnormal wear test device comprises a thrust device, a stratum simulation device and an excavating device, the stratum simulation device comprises a plurality of material units connected in sequence, the thrust device is arranged at one end of the stratum simulation device, and the excavating device is arranged at the other end of the stratum simulation device. The excavating device comprises an excavating pan head, a spiral conveyor, a slag conveying shell and a power driving mechanism, the excavating pan head is rotationally connected to the front end of the slag conveying shell, a plurality of hobs and a plurality of scrapers are arranged on the excavating pan head, and a plurality of gaps penetrating through the thickness of a disc surface are formed in the disc surface of the excavating pan head; the excavating pan head is connected with the power driving mechanism through a second transmission shaft, and the spiral conveyor is rotationally arranged in the slag conveying shell and connected with the power driving mechanism through a first transmission shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a test device for abnormal wear of shield cutters with a soft-hard interface, belonging to the field of shield cutter test devices. The present invention also relates to a test method for the test device for abnormal wear of shield cutters with a soft-hard interface. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of urban rail transit, shield tunneling has become a primary method for subway tunnel construction due to its high efficiency and safety. However, in soil-rock composite strata, shield tunneling faces numerous technical challenges, particularly tool tooth breakage, poor soil remediation, and low tunneling efficiency, which severely impact project progress and safety.

[0003] The geological conditions in the 3rd construction area of ​​Jinan Metro Line 9 are complex, with widespread soil-rock composite strata. These uneven and varying strengths subject shield cutters to severe impact and wear during excavation, leading to frequent tooth breakage. This not only increases construction costs but also reduces excavation efficiency. Furthermore, traditional soil improvement technologies are insufficiently adaptable to this type of strata, and the improvement results are insufficient to meet construction requirements, further hindering the shield's green and efficient excavation.

[0004] Existing research has seldom examined the damage mechanisms of tunneling tools in soil-rock composite formations. Therefore, studying tool damage in soil-rock composite formations is of great engineering significance for the development of efficient tunneling technology. By thoroughly analyzing tool damage mechanisms, developing tool life extension technologies, optimizing soil ecological improvement methods, and constructing an efficient tunneling technology system, we can provide a scientific basis and technical support for shield construction in complex formations. Therefore, it is necessary to design a test device for abnormal wear of shield tools with a soft-hard interface to address these technical issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a soft-hard conversion interface shield tool abnormal wear test device.

[0006] The present invention is realized through the following technical scheme: a soft-hard conversion interface shield tool abnormal wear test device, characterized in that: it includes a thrust device, a formation simulation device, and an excavation device, the formation simulation device includes a plurality of material units that are sequentially detachably connected as one body, each material unit includes a fixed frame slidingly set on a slide rail, a cylindrical material containing shell connected to the upper part of the fixed frame, a partition frame is provided in the material containing shell for dividing its internal space into a plurality of small spaces along its axial direction, the thrust device is arranged at one end of the formation simulation device, and the excavation device is arranged at the other end of the formation simulation device, and the excavation device includes a disc-shaped excavation disk head, A screw conveyor, a fixed slag conveying shell, a power drive mechanism, an excavation disc head is rotatably connected to the front end of the slag conveying shell, a rotatable second roller is provided in the middle of the disc surface of the excavation disc head, a plurality of rotatable first rollers and a plurality of scrapers fixed on the disc surface are provided on the disc surface of the excavation disc head outside the second roller, a plurality of gaps that penetrate the thickness of the disc surface are provided on the disc surface of the excavation disc head, the excavation disc head is connected to the power drive mechanism through the second transmission shaft, the screw conveyor is rotatably provided in the slag conveying shell and is connected to the power drive mechanism through the first transmission shaft, the first transmission shaft is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the second transmission shaft, and a slag discharge port is provided at the lower rear end of the slag conveying shell.

[0007] In the present invention, the formation simulation device is used to simulate the soil-rock composite formation. Test materials of different hardness can be loaded into each small space in the material containing shell according to the situation to be simulated, thereby forming a test formation with a soft-hard conversion interface; the formation simulation device is composed of multiple material units, which can study the tool wear under the same formation conditions in the excavation direction, and can also study the tool wear under different formation conditions in the excavation direction; the thrust device is used to provide thrust to the formation simulation device, which can push the formation simulation device to move toward the excavation disk head; the excavation disk head in the excavation device rotates under the drive of the power drive mechanism, and the excavation disk head simulates the shield cutter head. When the excavation disk head rotates, the test material in the formation simulation device is squeezed and crushed by the rollers and scrapers arranged thereon, and the crushed material can enter the slag conveying shell through the gap set on the disk surface of the excavation disk head; the screw conveyor is used to transport the crushed material entering the slag conveying shell to the slag discharge port for discharge. By filling the soil simulation device with materials of different hardness, different excavation situations and construction conditions can be simulated. By controlling the thrust and speed of the thrust device, as well as the rotation speed of the excavation disc, the interaction between the tool and the soft-hard conversion interface under different test conditions can be studied to study the tool wear and life.

[0008] Furthermore, the material holding shell is formed by two upper and lower semi-cylinders connected by a snap-fit ​​connection. The fixing frame includes left and right parts, and the left and right parts are respectively detachably connected to the lower semi-cylinder of the material holding shell. The partition frame is slidably connected to the material holding shell via a slide groove provided on the inner wall of the material holding shell. The thrust device includes a thrust frame fixed to the ground, a hydraulic rod provided between the thrust frame and the end of the formation simulation device, and a pressure plate is connected to the end of the hydraulic rod close to the formation simulation device. The pressure plate seals the end of the material holding shell in contact with it. The material holding shell and the fixing frame adopt a detachable structure, which is convenient for removal after the excavation of the material unit is completed, so as to prevent the excavated material unit from obstructing the movement of the formation simulation device. The partition frame and the material holding shell are slidably connected by a slide groove, which not only facilitates the installation and removal of the partition frame, but also limits the partition frame by the slide groove, facilitating the loading of materials into the material holding shell.

[0009] Furthermore, the thrust device is provided with a pressure sensor, and the thrust device pushes the formation simulation device with a fixed thrust or a fixed speed.

[0010] Furthermore, the power drive mechanism is provided with a torque sensor.

[0011] Furthermore, the scrapers are arranged radially along the excavation disc head, and the scrapers and the first rollers are arranged alternately along the circumference of the disc surface of the excavation disc head; a gap that penetrates the thickness of the disc surface is provided between the scrapers and the first roller. The gap that penetrates the thickness of the disc surface is provided between the scrapers and the first roller, and the scrapers can be used to carry crushed material through the gap into the rear slag conveying housing.

[0012] Furthermore, the blades of the first hob and the second hob are located in the same plane, and the blade of the first hob is higher than the blade of the scraper.

[0013] Furthermore, a waste collection box is correspondingly provided at the lower portion of the slag discharge port.

[0014] Furthermore, in order to facilitate quick assembly and disassembly between material units, two adjacent material units are connected by snap fasteners.

[0015] The present invention also provides a test method for the above-mentioned soft-hard conversion interface shield tool abnormal wear test device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Before the test, the excavation pan is placed in the empty material containing shell of a material unit, and the partition rack is installed in the material containing shell of the other material units. According to the test design, materials of different hardness are loaded into each small space in the material containing shell. Then the partition rack is removed, and the material containing shells of adjacent material units are connected into one piece, and finally connected to the material containing shell placed by the excavation pan; (2) Start the power drive mechanism and the thrust device, and push the formation simulation device toward the excavation disk head through the thrust device. The excavation disk head crushes the material in the material holding shell during the rotation process. The crushed material enters the slag conveying shell from the gap on the excavation disk head surface and is transported to the slag discharge port through the screw conveyor.

[0016] Furthermore, during the test, the excavated material unit is removed in a timely manner; at the end of the test, a material unit with an empty material containing shell is retained to support the excavation head.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) In the device of the present invention, by loading test materials of different hardness into each small space in the material containing shell, and the formation simulation device is composed of multiple material units, different excavation conditions and construction conditions can be simulated. It is possible to study the tool wear under the same formation conditions in the excavation direction, and also to study the tool wear under different formation conditions in the excavation direction. The formation simulation is flexible and can realize more changes in test conditions to obtain more diverse and detailed test data.

[0018] (2) The present invention can study the interaction between the tool and the soft-hard conversion interface under relevant variables, such as tool wear and life, by adjusting the thrust and speed of the thrust device and the rotation speed of the excavating disc head; and by recording the thrust, torque, etc., accurate test data can be obtained.

[0019] (3) The present invention is easy to operate and one person can complete all operations, thus reducing the investment of human resources. In addition, the present invention is small in size and adopts modular assembly, which makes transportation and assembly more convenient without taking up too much space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the abnormal wear test device for shield tool with soft-hard conversion interface in the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the main view of the material unit in the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main view of the excavation pan head of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the excavation pan head and the slag conveying shell portion of the present invention; In the figure, 1, thrust frame, 2, hydraulic rod, 3, pressure plate, 4, material unit, 5, excavation mechanism, 6, power drive mechanism, 7, waste collection box, 8, slide rail, 9, slag discharge port; 41. fixing frame, 42. material holding shell, 43. partition frame, 44. buckle, 45. slide; 51. Excavation pan head, 52. Screw conveyor, 53. Slag conveying shell, 54. First transmission shaft, 55. Second transmission shaft; 511. First roller, 512. Scraper, 513. Gap I, 514. Second roller, 515. Gap II. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further described below by way of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: As shown in the accompanying drawings, a test device for abnormal wear of shield cutters with a soft-hard interface is described, comprising a thrust device, a formation simulation device, and an excavation device. The formation simulation device comprises a plurality of material units 4, which are sequentially connected to form an integral whole. The material units 4 comprise a fixing frame 41 and a material container shell 42. The fixing frame 41 is used to securely connect the material container shell 42. The material container shell 42 is formed by connecting two upper and lower semi-cylinders, which are connected and fixed by a buckle 44. The lower semi-cylinder of the material container shell 42 is bolted to the fixing frame 41. The fixing frame 41 comprises a left and right portion, each of which is detachably connected to the lower semi-cylinder of the material container shell 42. The fixing frame 41 adopts a left-right split structure, which facilitates removal of the excavator head after excavating a material unit. All material units 4 are slidably mounted on a slide rail 8 on the ground via their fixing frames 41, and adjacent material units 4 are connected and integrated by buckles 44. A partition frame 43 is provided within the material holding shell 42. This partition frame 43 includes a plurality of radially arranged partition blades. These partition blades divide the interior space of the material holding shell 42 into a plurality of smaller compartments along its axial direction. The partition frame 43 is removed during testing. To facilitate the installation, positioning, and removal of the partition frame 43, an axially arranged chute 45 is provided on the inner wall of the material holding shell 42. The partition frame 43 is slidably connected to the material holding shell 42 via the chute 45, and the partition blades of the partition frame 43 engage with the chute 45. The smaller compartments within the material holding shell 42, separated by the partition frame 43, are used to hold test soil materials. Materials of varying hardness can be placed in different compartments, depending on the desired simulation conditions, thereby forming a test stratum with a soft-hard transition interface. The thrust device is mounted at one end of the formation simulator and includes a thrust frame 1 fixed to the ground, a hydraulic rod 2, and a pressure plate 3. The thrust frame 1 is fixed to the ground, with one end of the hydraulic rod 2 connected to the thrust frame 1 and the other end to the pressure plate 3. The pressure plate 3 contacts the end of the formation simulator and seals the end of the material holding shell 42 in contact with it, preventing leakage of material from the shell 42. When the hydraulic rod 2 is extended, it propels the entire formation simulator along the slide rail 8.The excavation device is arranged at the other end of the formation simulation device, and the excavation device includes an excavation mechanism 5 and a power drive mechanism 6. The excavation mechanism 5 includes a disc-shaped excavation disk head 51, a screw conveyor 52, and a slag conveying shell 53. The slag conveying shell 53 is a cylindrical structure. The slag conveying shell 53 is fixedly arranged. The excavation disk head 51 is rotatably connected to the front end of the slag conveying shell 53 through a roller. A rotatable second roller cutter 514 is arranged in the middle of the disk surface of the excavation disk head 51. The excavation disk head outside the second roller cutter 514 is provided with a rotating roller cutter. The excavation disk 51 is equipped with multiple rotatable first rollers 511 and multiple scrapers 512 fixed to the disk. The scrapers 512 are arranged radially along the excavation disk and alternate with the first rollers 511 along the circumference of the disk. The cutting edges of the first rollers 511 and second rollers 514 are coplanar, with the cutting edge of the first roller 511 higher than that of the scrapers 512. This means that during testing, the rollers theoretically contact the material within the material containment shell before the scrapers. The excavation disk 51 is provided with multiple gaps extending through the thickness of the disk. These gaps include gap I 513 between the scrapers 512 and the first rollers 511, and gap II 515 between the center of the disk and the side of the second rollers 514. Gaps I and II are used to transport material excavated by the excavation disk into the slag conveyor shell. The excavation disk 51 and its various cutting tools are simulated cutterheads and tools scaled down from actual shield machine cutterheads and tools. The excavation disc head 51 is placed in the empty material holding shell 42 after the partition frame 43 is removed. The rear portion of the excavation disc head 51 is fixedly connected to the second transmission shaft 55, and is connected to the power drive mechanism 6 through the second transmission shaft 55. The screw conveyor 52 is rotatably arranged in the slag conveying shell 53. The screw conveyor 52 is fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft 54. The first transmission shaft 54 ​​is a hollow shaft. The first transmission shaft 54 ​​is coaxially mounted on the outside of the second transmission shaft 55. The screw conveyor 52 is connected to the power drive mechanism 6 through the first transmission shaft 54. The power drive mechanism 6 is a prior art and can adopt a motor and a gear box. The power drive mechanism 6 can drive the first transmission shaft 54 ​​and the second transmission shaft 55 to rotate respectively. A slag discharge port 9 is provided at the lower rear end of the slag conveying shell 53. When the screw conveyor 52 rotates, the material falling into the slag conveying shell 53 can be transported to the rear end of the slag conveying shell 53 through its spiral and discharged through the slag discharge port 9. In order to facilitate the collection of the discharged material, a waste collection box 7 is correspondingly provided at the lower part of the slag discharge port 9. The waste collection box 7 is fixed to the ground, and the material discharged from the slag discharge port 9 can be collected through the waste collection box 7.

[0022] To facilitate the collection of thrust data from the thrust device, a pressure sensor is provided on the thrust device, which can push the formation simulator at a fixed thrust or a fixed speed. To facilitate the collection of data from the power drive mechanism, a torque sensor is provided on the power drive mechanism.

[0023] When the present invention is used for testing, the following steps are included: (1) Before the test, the excavation disc 51 is placed in an empty material containing shell 42 of a material unit 4. The material containing shell is used to support the excavation disc 51 to prevent the excavation disc 51 from being too heavy and causing damage to the drive shaft. The partition frame 43 is installed in the material containing shell 42 of the remaining material units, and materials of different hardness are filled into each small space in the material containing shell 42 according to the test design. Then the partition frame 43 is taken out, and the material containing shells 42 of the adjacent material units are connected together by snap fasteners, and finally connected to the material containing shell on which the excavation disc 51 is placed. (2) Start the power drive mechanism first, then start the thrust device, and start the test. Use the hydraulic rod to push the formation simulation device toward the excavation disk with a certain thrust or speed. The excavation disk crushes the material in the material holding shell during rotation. The crushed material enters the slag conveying shell 53 from the gap on the excavation disk surface and is transported to the slag discharge port 9 through the screw conveyor 52 for discharge. The discharged waste material enters the waste collection box 7 for collection. During the test, in order to prevent the excavated material unit from colliding with the waste collection box, the excavated material unit should be removed in time. When removing, first unlock it with the buckle, and then remove the material holding shell and the fixed frame in order. If there are not enough material units, stop the thrust device, retract the pressure plate, replenish the material units, and then start the thrust device again to continue the test.

[0024] At the end of the test, stop the power drive mechanism, stop the thrust device, retract the pressure plate, remove the material unit, and leave a material unit with an empty material container shell without the partition frame to support the excavation part. Record and save the data, remove the hob and scraper from the cleaning device, and observe the wear condition.

[0025] By filling the material container with materials of varying hardness, the present invention can simulate different excavation conditions and construction conditions. By recording thrust and torque, relatively accurate test data can be obtained. By adjusting the excavation head speed, tunneling conditions at different excavation speeds can be simulated. The present device can simulate shield tunneling through soil-rock composite strata, enabling research into the impact and damage mechanisms of shield cutters in composite strata.

[0026] The other parts of this embodiment are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

Claims

1. A device for testing abnormal wear of shield tools with a soft-hard interface, characterized by: The invention comprises a thrust device, a formation simulation device and an excavation device. The formation simulation device comprises a plurality of material units which are sequentially detachably connected as one body. Each material unit comprises a fixed frame which is slidably arranged on a slide rail and a cylindrical material containing shell which is connected to the upper part of the fixed frame. A partition frame which divides the internal space of the material containing shell into a plurality of small spaces along its axial direction is arranged in the material containing shell. The thrust device is arranged at one end of the formation simulation device and the excavation device is arranged at the other end of the formation simulation device. The excavation device comprises a disc-shaped excavation disk head, a screw conveyor, a fixed slag conveying shell and a power drive mechanism. The excavating disc head is rotatably connected to the front end of the slag conveying shell, and a rotatable second roller is provided in the middle of the disc surface of the excavating disc head. A plurality of rotatable first rollers and a plurality of scrapers fixed on the disc surface are provided on the disc surface of the excavating disc head outside the second roller. A plurality of gaps that penetrate the thickness of the disc surface are provided on the disc surface of the excavating disc head. The excavating disc head is connected to the power drive mechanism through the second transmission shaft. The screw conveyor is rotatably provided in the slag conveying shell and is connected to the power drive mechanism through the first transmission shaft. The first transmission shaft is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the second transmission shaft. A slag discharge port is provided at the lower part of the rear end of the slag conveying shell.

2. The device for testing abnormal wear of shield tools with a soft-hard interface according to claim 1 is characterized by: The material holding shell is formed by two upper and lower semi-cylinders connected by a snap fastener, and the fixing frame includes a left part and a right part, and the left and right parts are detachably connected to the lower semi-cylinder of the material holding shell respectively; the partition frame is slidably connected to the material holding shell through a slide groove provided on the inner wall of the material holding shell; the thrust device includes a thrust frame fixed to the ground, a hydraulic rod provided between the thrust frame and the end of the formation simulation device, and a pressure plate is connected to the end of the hydraulic rod close to the formation simulation device, and the pressure plate blocks the end of the material holding shell in contact with it.

3. The abnormal wear test device for shield tool with soft-hard conversion interface according to claim 2 is characterized by: The thrust device is provided with a pressure sensor, and the thrust device pushes the formation simulation device by a fixed thrust or a fixed speed.

4. The device for testing abnormal wear of shield tools with a soft-hard interface according to claim 2 is characterized by: The power drive mechanism is provided with a torque sensor.

5. The device for testing abnormal wear of shield tools with a soft-hard interface according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: The scraper is arranged along the radial direction of the excavating disc head, and the scraper and the first roller are arranged alternately along the circumference of the disc surface of the excavating disc head; a gap that penetrates the thickness of the disc surface is provided between the scraper and the first roller.

6. The device for testing abnormal wear of shield tools with a soft-hard interface according to claim 5 is characterized by: The blades of the first hob and the second hob are both located in the same plane, and the blade of the first hob is higher than the blade of the scraper.

7. The device for testing abnormal wear of shield tools with a soft-hard interface according to claim 5 is characterized by: A waste collection box is correspondingly provided at the lower portion of the slag discharge port.

8. The device for testing abnormal wear of shield tools with a soft-hard interface according to claim 5 is characterized by: Two adjacent material units are connected by snap fasteners.

9. The test method of the soft-hard interface shield tool abnormal wear test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Before the test, the excavation pan is placed in the empty material containing shell of a material unit, and the partition rack is installed in the material containing shell of the other material units. According to the test design, materials of different hardness are loaded into each small space in the material containing shell. Then the partition rack is removed, and the material containing shells of adjacent material units are connected into one piece, and finally connected to the material containing shell placed by the excavation pan; (2) Start the power drive mechanism and the thrust device, and push the formation simulation device toward the excavation disk head through the thrust device. The excavation disk head crushes the material in the material holding shell during the rotation process. The crushed material enters the slag conveying shell from the gap on the excavation disk head surface and is transported to the slag discharge port through the screw conveyor.

10. The test method of the soft-hard interface shield tool abnormal wear test device according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the test, the excavated material unit is removed in time; at the end of the test, a material unit with an empty material containing shell is retained to support the excavation head.

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