An intelligent monitoring method for water and soil loss of a check dam

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent monitoring, and more particularly to a kind of silt dam water and soil loss intelligent monitoring method.The content includes: obtaining original sound wave propagation response signal, and superimposed to obtain full-band superimposed response field;Full-band superimposed response field is corrected, and the propagation field after correction is obtained;Based on the propagation field after correction, structural identification processing is carried out, and the structural reconstruction field is constructed;From the propagation field after correction, structural change characteristics are extracted, and risk assessment is carried out, to obtain risk trend score;Based on the structural reconstruction field, risk trend score and the propagation field after correction, dam structure health state integral score is calculated, and intelligent monitoring is carried out.The problem that traditional water and soil loss monitoring method is difficult to identify dam internal water and soil loss, cavity formation, leakage channel development and other hidden structural abnormal phenomena caused by water seepage, structural fatigue, soil loosening and other factors in the process of silt dam long-term operation, resulting in high false alarm rate and response lag is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent monitoring, and in particular to a method for intelligent monitoring of water and soil loss of a check dam. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important engineering facility for water and soil conservation and prevention of sediment discharge, check dams are widely built in serious water and soil loss areas such as the Loess Plateau and the Southwest Mountains, and bear the key functions of sand retention, water storage, and disaster reduction. However, as the service time of check dams increases, internal damage often occurs in the dam body structure due to factors such as water seepage erosion, dry-wet alternation, and uneven settlement of the dam foundation, such as soil cavities, seepage channels, and piping hazards. Such structural abnormalities usually occur inside the dam body and are not easily detected on the surface, with the characteristics of strong concealment, sudden destruction, and serious consequences. Traditional monitoring methods mainly rely on manual inspection, strain gauges or displacement meters, and other point instruments, which cannot achieve penetrating monitoring of the entire dam body and are limited by sparse point placement, data lag, and low spatial resolution, making it difficult to reflect the true structural state of the dam body. Some studies introduce methods such as resistivity imaging and radar wave detection for auxiliary diagnosis, but their resolution is limited and they are highly sensitive to soil moisture and structural complexity, resulting in a high rate of misdiagnosis. In recent years, ultrasonic detection technology has gradually gained attention due to its good penetration ability and wave response characteristics for heterogeneous materials, but existing applications are mostly limited to single-frequency excitation and fixed-point testing, which cannot cover different depths and structural areas, and are easily affected by factors such as changes in water content, non-uniformity of soil density, and terrain disturbances in the actual dam environment, causing signal attenuation, waveform distortion, and echo ambiguity, resulting in unstable and unreliable detection results.

[0003] In summary, during the long-term operation of check dams, the above-mentioned technologies cannot timely, accurately, and comprehensively identify hidden structural abnormal phenomena such as water and soil loss, cavity formation, and seepage channel development caused by factors such as water flow penetration, structural fatigue, and soil loosening in the dam body, resulting in high false alarm rates and response lags. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a method for intelligent monitoring of water and soil loss of a check dam to solve the technical problem of high false alarm rates and response lags caused by the inability of traditional water and soil loss monitoring methods to timely, accurately, and comprehensively identify hidden structural abnormal phenomena such as water and soil loss, cavity formation, and seepage channel development caused by factors such as water flow penetration, structural fatigue, and soil loosening in the dam body during the long-term operation of check dams.

[0005] The present application provides a method for intelligent monitoring of water and soil loss of a check dam to solve the technical problem of high false alarm rates and response lags caused by the inability of traditional water and soil loss monitoring methods to timely, accurately, and comprehensively identify hidden structural abnormal phenomena such as water and soil loss, cavity formation, and seepage channel development caused by factors such as water flow penetration, structural fatigue, and soil loosening in the dam body during the long-term operation of check dams.

[0006] A method for intelligent monitoring of water and soil loss of a check dam, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Obtain an original acoustic wave propagation response signal, and obtain a full-band superimposed response field; introduce a perturbation absorption function, and correct the full-band superimposed response field to obtain a corrected propagation field;

[0008] S2. Based on the corrected propagation field, perform structure identification processing to construct a structure reconstruction field; extract structure change characteristics from the corrected propagation field, and perform risk assessment to obtain a risk trend score; based on the structure reconstruction field, the risk trend score and the corrected propagation field, calculate a dam structure health state integral score, and perform intelligent monitoring to obtain a monitoring result.

[0009] Preferably, the S1 specifically comprises:

[0010] Through a multi-frequency ultrasonic wave emission and receiving array, a multi-frequency joint emission strategy is adopted, based on the acoustic wave signals of each frequency band emitted in the scanning process, an original acoustic wave propagation response signal is obtained; the original acoustic wave propagation response signals of different frequency bands are accumulated to obtain a full-band superimposed response field.

[0011] Preferably, the S1 specifically comprises:

[0012] Based on the change rate and mutual coupling relationship of multi-dimensional physical quantities, a density gradient influence term is obtained, and a perturbation absorption function is constructed by combining a periodic perturbation term.

[0013] Preferably, the S1 specifically comprises:

[0014] The reciprocal of the perturbation absorption function is taken as the interference suppression rate, and the full-band superimposed response field is corrected to obtain a corrected propagation field.

[0015] Preferably, the S2 specifically comprises:

[0016] Based on the corrected propagation field, perform structure identification processing to construct a three-dimensional path penetration mapping function.

[0017] Preferably, the S2 specifically comprises:

[0018] The three-dimensional path penetration mapping function is constructed by combining and calculating all paths between the acoustic wave propagation starting point and the receiving point according to the cross-path characteristics, introducing the reflection energy coefficient and the path interference factor on the path, and combining the dynamic response control term to construct the structure reconstruction field.

[0019] Preferably, the S2 specifically comprises:

[0020] The structure change strength is calculated by weighting and aggregating the structure change characteristics through a preset sliding time window; the risk trend score is obtained by processing the structure change strength through the construction of the prior probability model of the risk state.

[0021] Preferably, S2 specifically includes:

[0022] Based on the structure reconstruction field, the risk trend score and the corrected propagation field, a risk weight modulation term is introduced, and a generalized nonlinear structure strain reflection integral model is constructed by combining a structure disturbance factor, to obtain a dam structure health state integral score; the dam structure health state integral score is compared with a preset threshold value to obtain a monitoring result.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions of the present application are:

[0024] 1. The multi-frequency joint transmission strategy is adopted, so that high-frequency sound waves are used for shallow layer resolution, low-frequency sound waves are used for deep layer penetration, different frequency bands are coupled and superimposed in spatial Gaussian distribution, a three-dimensional dynamic sound field covering the entire dam thickness is formed, and the response sensitivity to multi-level structure anomalies (such as shallow layer collapse and deep layer erosion) is significantly enhanced.

[0025] 2. By introducing a three-dimensional path penetration mapping function, the energy reflection, path disturbance, phase shift and other physical characteristics between multiple groups of transmission-reception paths are coupled and combined in three-dimensional space for the first time, forming a structure reconstruction field with a nonlinear self-adjusting weight mechanism, which is no longer dependent on single-value analysis of point-to-point paths, but constructs a spatial structure atlas through multi-path coupling, which can identify complex structure anomalies such as local cavities, damaged interfaces and penetration paths.

[0026] 3. By constructing a generalized nonlinear structure strain reflection integral model, the gradients of the structure reconstruction field, the risk trend score, the corrected propagation field and the structure disturbance factor are integrated to generate a dam structure health state integral score with physical significance, which gives a clear, continuous and quantifiable evaluation index for the overall dam structure health state, and the dam structure health state integral score is compared with a preset threshold value to realize automatic early warning output. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A flowchart of the intelligent monitoring method for silt dam soil erosion according to the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present application to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0030] The application provides a kind of silt dam water and soil loss intelligent monitoring method, and the specific scheme is specifically illustrated as follows in combination with drawings.

[0031] Refer to the drawings Figure 1 It shows a kind of silt dam water and soil loss intelligent monitoring method flow chart provided by an embodiment of the application, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0032] S1.Obtain the original sound wave propagation response signal, and obtain the full frequency band superposition response field;Introduce disturbance absorption function, correct the full frequency band superposition response field, and obtain the corrected propagation field;

[0033] In order to avoid the problem that the dam body soil structure presents typical frequency selective absorption characteristics, i.e. high frequency sound wave is obviously reflected in shallow layer but has weak penetration, low frequency sound wave has strong penetration but edge diffraction is serious, multi-frequency ultrasonic wave transmitting and receiving array is used, and original sound wave propagation response signal is obtained by scanning. The multi-frequency ultrasonic wave transmitting and receiving array is laid in the dam body and key area (such as key geological section, backfill soil center area, dam foundation seepage high risk area and surface and deep layer junction) according to expert experience method, multi-frequency joint emission strategy is used, i.e. sound wave signal of each frequency band is emitted at the same time in each scanning process, original sound wave propagation response signal of propagation response field at spatial distribution point is obtained based on sound wave signal of the first frequency band . Its expression is:

[0034]

[0035] Among them, is the instantaneous sound wave influence intensity of sound wave signal of the first frequency band at three-dimensional space position , at time , i.e. original sound wave propagation response signal; is the initial amplitude of sound wave signal of the first frequency band, which represents the excitation intensity of the frequency; is the angular frequency of sound wave signal of the first frequency band, which determines the vibration speed of sound wave signal, and is calculated according to the preset frequency of the first frequency band, and the calculation method is a technical means familiar to those skilled in the art, which is not described here; is the angular frequency of sound wave signal of the first The initial phase of the acoustic wave signal in each frequency band is used to control the initial vibration phase position of the acoustic wave signal. , , It is the first The spatial center of the acoustic signal in each frequency band, i.e. the center point of the Gaussian distribution, is set according to the deployment location of the multi-frequency ultrasonic transmitting and receiving array and the geometric center of the dam. It is the first The beam spread factor of a sound wave signal in a frequency band represents the spatial radius of the wave (penetration distance) and is used to describe the concentration of sound wave energy. It is obtained based on an experimental fitting method, and the reference value range is [value range missing]. ; It is an amplitude-modulated dynamic energy envelope used to control the first... Sound wave signals in each frequency band in time The trend of energy change on the surface; It is a spatial Gaussian distribution term, which represents the distribution of sound wave energy in space. It is a classic Gaussian sound beam propagation model, used to describe the attenuation trend of wave source energy as it diffuses into three-dimensional space with the center as the axis of symmetry. This is the phase oscillation term, used to describe the time-domain oscillation process of the acoustic signal, defining the phase behavior and propagation time response of each frequency component; further, it transforms the original acoustic propagation response signals of different frequency bands... By summing the results, we obtain the superimposed response field across the entire frequency band. This provides a precise basis for subsequent interference absorption and structural path analysis;

[0036] Due to the complex soil structure within the dam body, with significant variations in moisture content, density, and compaction degree over time and space, strong disturbances can easily occur along the sound wave propagation path. To eliminate this effect, a disturbance absorption function is introduced to correct the superimposed response field across the entire frequency band, resulting in a corrected propagation field. This disturbance absorption function is implemented by incorporating the rate of change and coupling relationships of multidimensional physical quantities to eliminate the contamination of the propagation field by non-structural disturbances, thereby extracting more accurate structural information. The specific calculation formula for the corrected propagation field is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] in, It is the perturbation-corrected propagation response function, i.e., the corrected propagation field, representing the propagation field at a point in space. Place, in time The corrected acoustic energy density; It is the moisture content, measured using a soil moisture probe; It is the rate of change of moisture content over time, reflecting the dynamic changes in soil moisture caused by environmental factors or seepage. is the normalized soil density, which is estimated by geological rebound wave, and is a well-known technical means for those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here; is the density gradient, which represents the non-uniformity of the soil density in space; is the slope field, which represents the local slope angle of a point in a two-dimensional plane, and is used to control the spatial variation of disturbance intensity, and is calculated by GPS surveying and elevation DEM model, which is a well-known technical means for those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here; is the periodic response adjustment factor, which is used to adjust the contribution strength of periodic disturbance to compensation, and is determined according to expert experience method, and the reference value range is ; is the dam body periodic disturbance period, which is obtained by fitting the historical monitoring data by experimental fitting method, and the reference value range is , the historical monitoring data are taken from existing database, including dam body under ground stress, groundwater fluctuation, etc.; is the density gradient influence term, which is used to describe the distortion effect of high-density gradient area on propagation path under high slope; is the periodic disturbance term, which is used to describe the influence of periodic disturbance on propagation path; as a disturbance absorption function, the reciprocal of the disturbance absorption function as the interference suppression rate, realizes the correction of the full-band superposition response field; the corrected propagation field will be used as the input data for the next path construction and structure risk reconstruction.

[0039] S2. Based on the corrected propagation field, structure identification processing is performed to construct a structure reconstruction field; structure change characteristics are extracted from the corrected propagation field, and risk assessment is performed to obtain a risk trend score; based on the structure reconstruction field, the risk trend score and the corrected propagation field, the dam structure health state integral score is calculated, and intelligent monitoring is performed to obtain a monitoring result.

[0040] Based on the corrected propagation field, structure identification processing is performed, and according to the path effects such as reflection and scattering of ultrasonic waves, a three-dimensional path penetration mapping function is constructed; the three-dimensional path penetration mapping function is calculated by combining all paths between the sound wave propagation starting point and the receiving point according to the intersection path characteristics, to construct a structure reconstruction field , the calculation formula of which is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] wherein, is the structure risk response intensity at the three-dimensional space coordinate point , i.e. the structure reconstruction field, which is obtained by the three-dimensional path penetration mapping function, i.e. ; It is the first The position vector of each sound wave emission point is determined based on the coordinates of the emission point in the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving array; It is the first The spatial position vector of each sound wave receiving point is determined based on the coordinates of the receiving points in the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving array; It is the first From the sound wave emission point to the... The spatial propagation distance of the path of each sound wave receiving point; It is the first From the sound wave emission point to the... The reflection energy coefficient along the path of each sound wave receiving point, based on the corrected propagation field. Obtain, that is, by calculating the corrected propagation field The ratio of the peak echo at the receiving point to the initial amplitude at the transmitting point is a well-known technique and will not be elaborated here. It is the first From the sound wave emission point to the... The path interference factor along the path of each acoustic wave receiver represents the scattering disturbance and waveform distortion along the path, based on the corrected propagation field. Based on expert experience, the reference range is as follows: ; It is the first From the sound wave emission point to the... The disturbance response sensitivity coefficient propagating along the path of each sound wave receiver point is obtained from the corrected propagation field. The path propagation speed change rate was calculated using a technique well-known to those skilled in the art, and will not be elaborated upon here. It is the first From the sound wave emission point to the... The phase offset angle of the dominant frequency waveform along the path of each sound wave receiving point, based on the corrected propagation field. The calculations based on cross-correlation analysis are well-known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated upon here. and These represent the number of transmitting and receiving points deployed, respectively, with the specific number determined based on the requirements of the specific application. It is a reflection nonlinear response term, which realizes the nonlinear amplification or suppression of the energy decay state; It is the disturbance index term, which reflects the waveform distortion and structural scattering effects that sound waves experience during transmission; It is a dynamic response control term, namely phase-sensitivity coupled gating, used to dynamically adjust the output weights of the entire path combination term;

[0043] Furthermore, from the revised propagation field The method utilizes existing feature engineering techniques to extract structural change features (such as reflection intensity change rate, propagation delay difference, echo shape change, etc.), and then uses a fixed-duration sliding time window set according to expert experience method to perform weighted aggregation of structural change features and calculate the structural change intensity corresponding to each time window; the feature engineering techniques are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0044] Furthermore, based on existing Bayesian methods, a prior probability model of the risk state is constructed, and the intensity of structural change is processed to obtain the time... Risk Trend Score The specific formula for calculating the risk trend score is as follows:

[0045] in, It is a risk level subscript, indicating the risk level category number, and is an enumerated variable, such as low, medium, high, and extremely high; This represents the total number of risk levels, indicating the classification of risk levels into 10 categories. Each level is typically the number of discrete categories; It is the risk level value, indicating the number of... The numerical expression of each risk level is set according to expert experience, such as [low=20, medium=50, high=80, very high=95]; It is in time The intensity of structural change, representing time. Within the sliding window, the weighted aggregation results of structural change features are used as observations (observational evidence) for Bayesian inference. It is the posterior probability, representing the probability that the observed structural change intensity is... At that time, the dam body was in the first stage. The probability of each risk level is calculated based on the probability density obtained by Bayes' theorem, a technique well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be elaborated here.

[0046] Finally, based on the structural reconstruction field Risk trend score With the modified propagation field A generalized nonlinear structural strain response integral model is constructed to obtain the integral score of the dam structure's health status. This generalized nonlinear structural strain response integral model reflects both spatial structural continuity and incorporates abrupt changes in the time dimension, and is achieved through the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] in, It is a score of the health status of the dam structure; is a monitoring integral area, indicating the entire three-dimensional silt dam body range; is the gradient of the corrected propagation field, reflecting the "change rate" of the local structure, which is calculated by the existing numerical differentiation method, which is a well-known technical means for those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here; is a statistical factor representing the disturbance of the local microstructure, that is, the structure disturbance factor, which is calculated by high-order waveform change entropy, which is a well-known technical means for those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here; is a quantitative item representing the probability of structure disturbance, used to control the weight decay of unstable structure points in the integral; is a risk weight modulation term, reflecting the comprehensive risk expression ability of the local structure anomaly in space and time;

[0049] The dam body structure health state integral score is compared with the threshold preset according to the expert experience method , and the monitoring result is obtained: , indicating that the dam body structure is in a healthy or acceptable range, and no intervention is required; when , it means that there are significant structural abnormalities or soil and water loss risks inside the dam body, which should trigger an alarm and feedback to the relevant staff.

[0050] In summary, an intelligent monitoring method for silt dam soil and water loss is completed.

[0051] The order of the embodiments of the application is only for description, not representing the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or can be advantageous.

[0052] Each embodiment in the specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between each embodiment can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.

[0053] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent monitoring of soil erosion in silt-retention dams, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the original acoustic wave propagation response signal and obtain the full-band superimposed response field; based on the rate of change and mutual coupling relationship of multidimensional physical quantities, obtain the density gradient influence term, and construct the perturbation absorption function by combining it with the periodic perturbation term; use the reciprocal of the perturbation absorption function as the interference suppression rate to correct the full-band superimposed response field and obtain the corrected propagation field; the full-band superimposed response field is obtained in the following way: through a multi-frequency ultrasonic transmitting and receiving array, using a multi-frequency joint transmission strategy, based on the acoustic wave signals of each frequency band transmitted during the scanning process, combined with the amplitude-modulated dynamic energy envelope, spatial Gaussian distribution term and phase oscillation term, the original acoustic wave propagation response signal is obtained; the original acoustic wave propagation response signals of different frequency bands are accumulated to obtain the full-band superimposed response field; S2. Based on the corrected propagation field, structural identification processing is performed, and a three-dimensional path penetration mapping function is constructed. By combining all paths between the sound wave propagation starting point and the receiving point according to the cross path characteristics, and introducing the reflection energy coefficient and path interference factor on the path, combined with the dynamic response control term, a structural reconstruction field is constructed. Structural change characteristics are extracted from the corrected propagation field, and risk assessment is performed to obtain a risk trend score. Based on the structural reconstruction field, risk trend score and the corrected propagation field, a generalized nonlinear structural strain response integral model is constructed to calculate the integral score of the dam structure health status. The monitoring results are obtained by comparing the dam structure health status score with a preset threshold.

2. The intelligent monitoring method for soil erosion in silt-retention dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2 specifically includes: By using a preset sliding time window, the structural change characteristics are weighted and aggregated to calculate the intensity of structural change; by constructing a prior probability model of risk status, the intensity of structural change is processed to obtain a risk trend score.

3. The intelligent monitoring method for soil erosion in silt-retention dams according to claim 2, characterized in that, S2 specifically includes: Based on the structural reconstruction field, risk trend score and the corrected propagation field, a risk weight modulation term is introduced and combined with the structural disturbance factor to construct a generalized nonlinear structural strain response integral model to obtain the integral score of the dam structure health status.

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