Water and fertilizer integrated fertilizing device driven by gear and rack

Abstract

The invention discloses a gear and rack transmission water and fertilizer integrated fertilization device, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The two reciprocating pumps are oppositely arranged and are arranged at the upper end of the supporting seat; the driving part is arranged at the upper end of the supporting seat; the connecting seat is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the driving part; the connecting base is provided with two oppositely-arranged sliding grooves. The gear and rack mechanism comprises two oppositely-arranged racks and a gear, and the gear is installed at the driving end of the driving part; the two racks are arranged corresponding to the two sliding grooves and are arranged in the sliding grooves in a sliding mode. The two racks and the two reciprocating pumps are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and one end of each rack is in driving connection with a piston of the corresponding reciprocating pump. The two fluid ends are mounted at pump ports of the corresponding reciprocating pumps; and a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the fluid end are respectively provided with a one-way valve. The gear and the rack are creatively used as power transmission parts of the fertilizing device, so that the working efficiency of the device is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, and more specifically relates to a gear and rack transmission integrated water and fertilizer application device. Background Art

[0002] Water is a key element for crop growth and development and an indispensable resource for agricultural production.

[0003] Fertilizers, acting as catalysts for crop growth, play a crucial role in agricultural production. However, excessive fertilization can lead to soil nutrient loss and soil compaction, resulting in resource waste and environmental pollution. Literature research indicates that although water-saving irrigation equipment has been widely adopted in farmland, most irrigation scenarios still rely on traditional extensive fertilization methods, and the application rate of new irrigation technologies in farmland remains significantly low.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-efficiency irrigation and fertilization device adapted to crop growth patterns, which is of great strategic significance for promoting the green and sustainable development of agriculture in my country. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To provide a high-efficiency irrigation and fertilization device adapted to crop growth patterns, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device includes:

[0007] Support base;

[0008] Two reciprocating pumps are arranged opposite each other, and the two reciprocating pumps are located at the upper end of the support base;

[0009] A drive unit is disposed at the upper end of the support base;

[0010] A connecting seat is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the driving part; the connecting seat is provided with two oppositely arranged sliding grooves;

[0011] A gear and rack mechanism includes two opposing racks and a gear that meshes with the two racks. The gear is mounted on the drive end of the drive unit. The two racks are correspondingly arranged with two sliding grooves and are slidably disposed within the sliding grooves. The two racks are correspondingly arranged with two reciprocating pumps, and one end of each rack is connected to the piston of the corresponding reciprocating pump.

[0012] Two hydraulic terminals are provided, each corresponding to one of the two reciprocating pumps, and installed at the pump port of the corresponding reciprocating pump; the inlet and outlet of each hydraulic terminal are respectively provided with a one-way valve.

[0013] Furthermore, the reciprocating pump is a plunger pump.

[0014] Furthermore, the two reciprocating pumps are located on the same side of the two racks.

[0015] Furthermore, the gear is located between the two racks; the teeth of the two racks are arranged opposite each other and both mesh with the gear.

[0016] Furthermore, the hydraulic end is a three-way pipe.

[0017] Furthermore, the drive unit is one of an electric motor, a hydraulic motor, or a pneumatic motor.

[0018] Furthermore, the support base includes a base plate, a first vertical plate and a second vertical plate arranged perpendicularly to the base plate, the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate being arranged parallel to each other and located on the same side of the base plate, wherein the first vertical plate is disposed at one end of the base plate, and the first vertical plate is provided with a groove adapted to the pump body of the reciprocating pump; the pump body of the reciprocating pump is fixedly connected to the second vertical plate; the piston of the reciprocating pump extends to the side of the second vertical plate away from the first vertical plate and is fixedly connected to the end of the rack.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a control module, which is electrically connected to the drive unit.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) The present invention innovatively uses gears and racks as power transmission components of the fertilization device, which significantly improves the working efficiency of the device.

[0022] (2) The device has a simple structure and small size, good adaptability and easy installation, and strong compatibility. It can well adapt to various complex working conditions in the field of farmland irrigation and fertilization, and has a significant price advantage, which is very conducive to market promotion. The device can effectively solve the problems of high complexity and high price of currently imported foreign equipment.

[0023] (3) By combining microcontroller control and reciprocating pump technology, this device can achieve both high-efficiency fertilization and precise fertilization, meeting the fertilization conditions of crops that require fine fertilization. It meets market demand, has a scientific and reasonable design, and has a very broad application prospect. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Another perspective on the gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device provided by the present invention;

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Support base; 2. First reciprocating pump; 3. Liquid outlet; 4. Three-way pipe; 5. Liquid inlet; 6. Second reciprocating pump; 7. First vertical plate; 8. Second vertical plate; 9. Piston; 10. Connecting seat; 11. Gear; 12. First rack; 13. Second rack; 14. Drive unit; 15. Drive shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] refer to Figure 1-2 A gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device, comprising:

[0031] Support 1;

[0032] Two reciprocating pumps are arranged opposite each other and are located at the upper end of the support base 1;

[0033] Drive unit 14, drive unit 14 is provided at the upper end of support base 1;

[0034] The connecting seat 10 is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the drive unit 14; the connecting seat 10 is provided with two oppositely arranged sliding grooves;

[0035] The gear 11 rack mechanism includes two opposing racks and a gear 11 that meshes with the two racks. The gear 11 is mounted on the drive end of the drive unit 14. The two racks are correspondingly arranged with two sliding grooves and are slidably arranged in the sliding grooves. The two racks are correspondingly arranged with two reciprocating pumps, and one end of the rack is drivenly connected to the piston 9 of the corresponding reciprocating pump.

[0036] Two hydraulic ends are provided, each corresponding to one of the two reciprocating pumps and installed at the pump inlet of the corresponding reciprocating pump; the inlet 5 and outlet 3 of the hydraulic ends are each equipped with a check valve.

[0037] In this embodiment, the reciprocating pump is a plunger pump.

[0038] Specifically, the two reciprocating pumps are respectively designated as the first reciprocating pump 2 and the second reciprocating pump 6, and the two racks are respectively designated as the first rack 12 and the second rack 13. The first rack 12 is driven to the piston 9 of the second reciprocating pump 6, and the second rack 13 is driven to the piston of the first reciprocating pump 2. The first reciprocating pump 2 and the second reciprocating pump 6 are located on the same side of the two racks.

[0039] Gear 11 is located in the middle of two racks; the teeth of the two racks are arranged opposite each other and both mesh with gear 11.

[0040] In this embodiment, the hydraulic end is a three-way pipe 4.

[0041] The hydraulic end consists of a three-way pipe 4 and a one-way valve installed on the three-way pipe 4. That is, both the inlet 5 and the outlet 3 of the three-way pipe 4 are equipped with one-way valves, which are responsible for the delivery and precise control of the fertilizer solution.

[0042] In this embodiment, the drive unit 14 is one of an electric motor, a hydraulic motor, or a pneumatic motor, preferably a servo motor. The gear 15 is fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 15 of the servo motor. The drive shaft 15 passes through the through hole of the connecting seat 10 and is then fixedly connected to the gear 15.

[0043] Specifically, the servo motor selected in this embodiment has advantages such as high precision, high reliability and strong load capacity. It integrates a potentiometer or encoder to monitor the angle of the output shaft in real time and compare it with the target signal to achieve closed-loop control.

[0044] By comparing the difference between the input signal and the feedback voltage, the direction of the motor is adjusted to achieve precise control of the direction of gear 11.

[0045] In this embodiment, the support base 1 includes a base plate, a first vertical plate 7 and a second vertical plate 8 arranged perpendicularly to the base plate. The first vertical plate 7 and the second vertical plate 8 are arranged parallel to each other and located on the same side of the base plate. The first vertical plate 7 is located at one end of the base plate and has a groove adapted to the pump body of the reciprocating pump. The pump body of the reciprocating pump is fixedly connected to the second vertical plate 8. The piston 9 of the reciprocating pump extends to the side of the second vertical plate 8 away from the first vertical plate 7 and is fixedly connected to the end of the rack.

[0046] The gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device provided in this embodiment also includes a control module, which is electrically connected to the drive unit 14.

[0047] The control module uses an STM32 microcontroller based on the ARM Cortex-M core, with a main frequency range between 16MHz and 480MHz. It has single-cycle multiplication and hardware division capabilities, and features high-speed operation and low power consumption.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] This embodiment is based on the small-scale prototype experiment of embodiment 1.

[0050] 1. Gear and rack mechanism: The gear and rack mechanism is constructed using 3D printing technology. The spur rack has a length of 160mm, a surface width of 8mm, a module of 1, and a pressure angle of 20°. The spur gear also has a pressure angle of 20°, a module of 1, and a pitch circle diameter of 42.5mm.

[0051] The gear meshes with two racks simultaneously. When the gear rotates, it drives the racks to move in a straight line. The direction of rotation of the gear determines the direction of movement of the racks, and the two racks move in opposite directions.

[0052] The alternating rotation of gears is achieved through the periodic forward and reverse operation of the motor, which in turn drives the rack to perform reciprocating motion.

[0053] 2. Drive unit - Servo motor

[0054] The drive unit uses the MG996R servo motor, a high-torque metal gear servo motor widely used in robotics, model aircraft, and automated equipment. This servo motor boasts advantages such as high precision, high reliability, and strong load capacity. It integrates a potentiometer or encoder to monitor the output shaft angle in real time and compare it with the target signal to achieve closed-loop control. By comparing the difference between the input signal and the feedback voltage, the motor's direction of rotation is adjusted to achieve precise control of the gear's direction.

[0055] 3. Control Module - Microcontroller

[0056] It adopts an STM32 microcontroller based on the ARM Cortex-M core, with a main frequency range between 16MHz and 480MHz. It has single-cycle multiplication and hardware division capabilities, and features high-speed operation and low power consumption.

[0057] 4. Hydraulic end

[0058] This embodiment uses a syringe to simulate the hydraulic part of a reciprocating fertilizer applicator.

[0059] A syringe with an outer diameter of 16.5mm, a length of 10.3mm, and a capacity of 10cc is connected to a gear and rack mechanism to deliver fertilizer. The capillary hoses connecting the various parts have an inner diameter of 6mm, therefore a three-way tube and a one-way valve with an applicable diameter of approximately 6mm are used.

[0060] This equipment features a highly efficient and stable fertilization operation mode. The reciprocating motion of the piston is achieved through a dual-cylinder hydraulic end, ensuring that both cylinders complete the intake and discharge of fertilizer solution with each reciprocation. Compared to the traditional single-cylinder design, the flow output is increased by two times. The dual-action mechanism ensures balanced fertilizer solution flow on both sides of the piston within the pump chamber. Combined with the coordinated control of the one-way valve module, precise management of fertilizer solution flow direction and uniform flow rate are achieved. Furthermore, the use of a rack and pinion mechanism instead of the traditional crank-connecting rod mechanism significantly reduces frictional losses during piston movement, further improving work efficiency.

[0061] For precise fertilizer control, an STM32 microcontroller is used to generate pulse signals with a period of 20ms and adjustable pulse width. By adjusting the pulse width and period frequency, the rotation angle of the servo motor and the number of piston strokes are controlled respectively, thereby achieving precise control of the fertilizer application rate. This integrated design achieves both high-speed and stable fertilizer injection and efficient and precise control.

[0062] 5. Experimental Design and Results

[0063] In this embodiment, a specific method is used to evaluate the performance of the device.

[0064] First, the fertilizer loss rate of the equipment is determined by accurately calculating the difference between the actual flow rate and the theoretical flow rate. The theoretical flow rate is the amount of fertilizer the equipment should deliver under ideal conditions; while the actual flow rate is the amount of fertilizer delivered during actual operation. The difference between the two directly reflects the fertilizer loss during operation; the smaller the difference, the lower the fertilizer loss rate and the more fully the equipment utilizes the fertilizer. Second, the fertilizer injection efficiency is measured by the amount of fertilizer injected per unit time. Fertilizer injection efficiency is an important indicator of the equipment's fertilization capacity; the greater the amount of fertilizer injected per unit time, the faster the equipment can complete the fertilization task, indicating higher work efficiency.

[0065] To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results, key performance indicators of the system, the Venturi fertilizer applicator, and the traditional reciprocating pump were measured multiple times under the same experimental conditions. Environmental factors, such as temperature and pressure, were strictly controlled during the experiment to ensure consistency. The experimental data are shown in Table 1 below.

[0066] Table 1 Comparison of Experimental Data

[0067]

[0068] Note: The inner diameter of both the Venturi fertilizer applicator and the traditional reciprocating pump is 20mm.

[0069] Regarding fertilizer loss rate, the 5% fertilizer loss rate of the gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device provided in this embodiment is significantly lower than the 20% of the Venturi fertilizer applicator and the 8% of the traditional reciprocating pump, demonstrating its obvious advantage in fertilizer utilization. The high loss rate of the Venturi fertilizer applicator may be due to fertilizer leakage and residue caused by its structure and operating principle; the reciprocating pump suffers certain wear and tear due to mechanical movement.

[0070] In terms of fertilization efficiency, the gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer applicator provided in this embodiment achieves 4.16 ml / s, which is higher than the 2.33 ml / s of the Venturi fertilizer applicator and the 2.95 ml / s of the reciprocating pump, representing an improvement of approximately 50% over the Venturi fertilizer applicator. The lower efficiency of the latter two may be due to limitations in structure and operation, while this device, employing a gear and rack mechanism, effectively reduces these limitations.

[0071] 6. Application Prospects

[0072] In the current market, fertilization equipment centered around a Venturi fertilizer applicator is the most widely used, especially in greenhouses and field crops, where its simple structure makes it popular. However, these devices have limitations in achieving precision fertilization. To address the advantages and disadvantages of existing fertilization equipment, an improved water and fertilizer integration fertilization device based on gear and rack transmission was developed.

[0073] The technical solutions of the present invention have been fully described above. It should be noted that the specific embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above description. All technical solutions formed by those skilled in the art based on the spirit and essence of the present invention by adopting equivalent transformations or equivalent transformations in terms of structure, method or function fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device, characterized in that, include: Support base; Two reciprocating pumps are arranged opposite each other, and the two reciprocating pumps are located at the upper end of the support base; A drive unit is disposed at the upper end of the support base; A connecting seat is fixedly connected to the fixed end of the driving part; the connecting seat is provided with two oppositely arranged sliding grooves; A gear and rack mechanism includes two opposing racks and a gear that meshes with the two racks. The gear is mounted on the drive end of the drive unit. The two racks are correspondingly arranged with two sliding grooves and are slidably disposed within the sliding grooves. The two racks are correspondingly arranged with two reciprocating pumps, and one end of each rack is connected to the piston of the corresponding reciprocating pump. Two hydraulic terminals are provided, each corresponding to one of the two reciprocating pumps, and installed at the pump port of the corresponding reciprocating pump; the inlet and outlet of each hydraulic terminal are respectively provided with a one-way valve.

2. The gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reciprocating pump is a plunger pump.

3. The gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two reciprocating pumps are located on the same side of the two racks.

4. The gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gear is located between the two racks; the teeth of the two racks are arranged opposite each other and both mesh with the gear.

5. The gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic end is a three-way pipe.

6. The gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive unit is one of an electric motor, a hydraulic motor, or a pneumatic motor.

7. The gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support base includes a base plate, a first vertical plate and a second vertical plate perpendicular to the base plate. The first vertical plate and the second vertical plate are parallel to each other and located on the same side of the base plate. The first vertical plate is located at one end of the base plate and has a groove adapted to the pump body of the reciprocating pump. The pump body of the reciprocating pump is fixedly connected to the second vertical plate. The piston of the reciprocating pump extends to the side of the second vertical plate away from the first vertical plate and is fixedly connected to the end of the rack.

8. The gear and rack driven integrated water and fertilizer application device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control module, which is electrically connected to the drive unit.

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