An integrated heat treatment production line

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of heat treatment, and particularly relates to an integrated heat treatment production line, which comprises a vacuum oil quenching furnace, a cleaning tank and a vacuum tempering furnace, the vacuum oil quenching furnace, the cleaning tank and the vacuum tempering furnace are each provided with a treatment cavity, the processing workpiece loading area of the treatment cavity is provided with a support, the support is connected with a workpiece to be processed, the vacuum oil quenching furnace, the cleaning tank and the vacuum tempering furnace are arranged in sequence along a heat treatment process to form a heat treatment path; the integrated heat treatment production line further comprises an electronic wind microstructure precision air supply system, the electronic wind microstructure precision air supply system is arranged in the vacuum tempering furnace; the electronic wind microstructure precision air supply system comprises an electronic wind high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage electrode mechanism and a collector connecting terminal; the high-voltage electrode mechanism and the collector connecting terminal are located in the vacuum tempering furnace. According to the complex workpiece geometry, a high-speed directional jet flow is impacted on a recessed area of the workpiece to displace residual air in the recessed area of the complex workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat treatment technology, and more particularly to an integrated heat treatment production line. Background Technology

[0002] Heat treatment of metallic materials is a key process that uses precise control of heating, holding, and cooling to alter the internal microstructure of metals, thereby significantly improving or adjusting their mechanical properties (such as hardness, strength, toughness, plasticity, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, etc.) and physicochemical properties.

[0003] For precision alloy parts with stringent performance requirements (such as aerospace components), a composite heat treatment process chain of vacuum oil quenching, cleaning, and tempering is often used. The process includes: 1. Vacuum oil quenching: The part is placed in a vacuum oil quenching furnace and heated above the critical temperature, then rapidly immersed in a specially formulated quenching oil for cooling. The vacuum environment completely isolates oxidation and decarburization, ensuring a smooth, defect-free surface; the quenching oil has stable cooling capacity under low pressure, allowing precise control of the quenching intensity and reducing the risk of deformation and cracking. 2. Cleaning: Immediately after quenching, the workpiece is sent to a cleaning tank for multi-stage cleaning to thoroughly remove residual quenching oil from the surface. This prevents oil contamination from carbonizing and forming spots during subsequent tempering or affecting tempering uniformity, while also meeting high cleanliness requirements. 3. Tempering: Low-temperature / medium-temperature tempering is performed in a vacuum tempering furnace to adjust the microstructure after quenching. Through precise temperature control and holding, internal stress is eliminated, toughness is improved, and the material achieves the required comprehensive properties while maintaining high hardness.

[0004] Before heating, inert gas must be introduced into the vacuum tempering furnace to further dilute and replace the residual active gas in the furnace, forming a chemically inert protective atmosphere. This effectively isolates the workpiece from contact with residual oxidizing gases, thereby maintaining the surface smoothness and chemical composition of the workpiece during heating and heat preservation. It provides more thorough atmosphere protection on the basis of vacuum, preventing the workpiece from oxidizing, decarburizing, and discoloring.

[0005] However, for the recesses and pits of complex workpieces, the residual air (including oxygen and water vapor) or inert gas inside is difficult to be effectively replaced and discharged, resulting in uneven quenching and cooling rates, leading to insufficient hardness or soft spots.

[0006] If repeated inflation and deflation cycles are used to remove residual gas from depressions and pits, each inflation and deflation cycle requires additional time, significantly extending the process cycle and increasing inert gas consumption, making it difficult to apply. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of the present application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the abstract and title of the invention. Such simplifications or omissions shall not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0008] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is proposed. To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution;

[0009] An integrated heat treatment production line includes a vacuum oil quenching furnace, a cleaning tank, and a vacuum tempering furnace, arranged sequentially along the heat treatment process to form a heat treatment path; the vacuum tempering furnace is provided with a processing chamber, and the workpiece loading area of ​​the processing chamber is provided with a support, on which the workpiece to be processed is connected; it also includes an electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system assembled on the vacuum tempering furnace.

[0010] The electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system includes an electronic wind high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage electrode mechanism, and a collector connection terminal.

[0011] The high-voltage electrode mechanism and the collector connection terminal are located inside the vacuum tempering furnace;

[0012] The high-voltage electrode mechanism includes at least five core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrodes;

[0013] The core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrode includes an electrode column, which is made of a hollow metal tube. The front end of the hollow metal tube is provided with a tapering structure in which the cross-sectional area of ​​both the inside and the outside gradually decreases.

[0014] The closing structure is provided with an opening at the front section, which is called the through opening;

[0015] A conical needle is coaxially fitted into the constriction structure.

[0016] The large end of the tapered needle is located inside the constriction structure, and the small end of the tapered needle is located outside the constriction structure.

[0017] The concave structure is equipped with a metal bracket to support the conical needle.

[0018] There is a gap between the inner side of the closing structure and the outer side of the conical needle tip for airflow, which is called the guide gap;

[0019] The tapered structure and the tapered needle form a core-pulling structure;

[0020] The conical needle has a pointed tip that tapers gradually from the large end to the small end. Part of the pointed tip is located inside the through-opening, and another part is located outside the through-opening. The cone angle of the pointed tip is not greater than the cone angle of the constriction structure, thus forming a fluid directional acceleration mechanism.

[0021] The current collector connection terminal is locked onto the bracket by a locking mechanism, thereby completing the electrical connection with the workpiece to be processed connected to the bracket, with the workpiece itself serving as the current collector.

[0022] The electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system also includes an electric field wind control mechanism;

[0023] The electric field wind control mechanism includes an air guide tube, and the air delivery direction of the air guide tube is towards the concave area of ​​the workpiece to be processed.

[0024] A perforated plate is fixed inside the air guide duct, and at least ten through holes are inserted through the perforated plate;

[0025] At least five pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes are slidably inserted into the through holes of the perforated plate.

[0026] The above design creates a high-speed, directional, and precisely controllable gas jet that penetrates areas of complex workpieces that are difficult to displace with airflow (including deep pits and grooves). It forcibly agitates and displaces the residual gas molecules, causing them to mix rapidly with the introduced inert gas and be removed by the vacuum system. This greatly reduces the number of repeated filling and evacuation cycles required to achieve the target purity, directly shortens the process cycle, and significantly reduces the consumption of inert gas.

[0027] The high-voltage electrode mechanism and the collector connection terminal work together to form an airflow towards the collector connection terminal under the action of the high-voltage electric field, which impacts the surface of the workpiece. The high-voltage electrode mechanism and the collector connection terminal are respectively connected to two electrodes of different polarities of the electronic wind high-voltage power supply.

[0028] In the core-pulling needle discharge electrode, the electrode column and the conical needle work together in a master-slave synergy to achieve precise discharge, improving discharge efficiency and stability. The cone angle of the tip is no greater than the cone angle of the constriction structure, forming a fluid-directed acceleration mechanism. The gas entering the electrode column is ejected through the guide gap, causing the ejected airflow to closely adhere to the surface of the conical needle and move along a predetermined axial direction. This transforms ordinary airflow into a high-speed and highly focused airflow jet. At the same time, it effectively prevents turbulence and scattering caused by the separation of airflow from the wall surface, achieving precise air delivery and improving the gas replacement effect in the recessed areas of complex workpieces.

[0029] This application utilizes a high-speed directional jet generated by electronic wind to actively and forcibly penetrate the cavity within the recessed area of ​​the workpiece. This replaces the traditional approach of passively replacing air with inert gas that relies on slow diffusion within the processing cavity. It solves the problem of prolonged process cycles and increased inert gas consumption caused by repeatedly filling and evacuating the vacuum tempering furnace to remove residual gas from the recessed areas of complex workpieces. This approach is more suitable for complex workpieces that require replacement of residual air inside deep holes and grooves.

[0030] Preferably, the inner wall of the through holes of the perforated plate is provided with a plurality of protrusions at intervals; each protrusion is interference-fitted with the outer surface of the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode to form a friction pair. Utilizing the interference friction between the protrusions inside the perforated plate holes and the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode, the self-locking position of the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode after sliding is achieved, allowing manual adjustment of the extension length of the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode, while resisting sliding caused by airflow impact or its own weight, preventing the displacement of the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode from interfering with the stability of the electric field, thereby maintaining a precise cooling effect.

[0031] Preferably, the number and distribution of the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes inserted into the through hole are configured to correspond to the size and contour of the recessed area on the surface of the workpiece to be treated; the distribution of multiple pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes covers the recessed area of ​​the workpiece to be treated, and the coverage area is 30%-70% of the area of ​​the recessed region. The pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes are directly arranged beside the recessed area of ​​the workpiece to be treated, accurately targeting the dead cavity area of ​​the workpiece to be treated. At the same time, the coverage area of ​​the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes is 30%-70% of the area of ​​the recessed region, which avoids the formation of a gas plug-like laminar flow surface at the recessed inlet due to excessive coverage area, and also avoids poor airflow intensity and replacement efficiency due to insufficient coverage area, thus ensuring the most efficient gas replacement.

[0032] Preferably, the sliding section of the core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrode is located between its tip extending outside the outlet of the air duct and retracting inside the outlet of the air duct; multiple core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrodes extend in a gradient, forming a contoured air supply protrusion that matches the potential distribution of the workpiece's depression. The core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrode in the middle extends further, and through the hollow structure in the middle of the core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrode, it strengthens the air supply to the area of ​​the depression that approaches zero potential, improving the air quenching performance; the core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrodes around it gradually shorten their extension distance, and by extending the distance, it corresponds to the trend of the gradually increasing potential outside the center of the depression, ensuring uniform air supply and air quenching uniformity. The generated electric field wind actively conforms to the depression shape of the workpiece surface, strengthening the air supply to the area of ​​the depression that approaches zero potential, improving air quenching performance while ensuring uniform air supply and air quenching uniformity, thus improving the process flexibility for various types of workpieces to be processed.

[0033] Preferably, at least twenty through holes are evenly arranged on the perforated plate, with a spacing of not less than 5 mm and not more than 15 mm between adjacent through holes; a pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode is selectively inserted into the through holes; and a high-temperature resistant metal sealing body is embedded in the through holes where no pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode is inserted. Through the evenly distributed through holes on the perforated plate, combined with the selectively insertable electrodes and metal sealing bodies, a balance between integration and flexibility is achieved. This not only ensures a safe and reliable insulation distance between multiple electrodes, effectively preventing electric field interference and arc breakdown, but also allows workers to flexibly select specific through holes to insert pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes according to the workpiece surface contour to form a customized electric field and airflow. The metal sealing body precisely seals unused holes, preventing gas from escaping from through holes where no pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode is connected, thus avoiding interference with the jet path.

[0034] Preferably, the electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system further includes a high-voltage air delivery electrode and an air delivery collector electrode; the electric field wind control mechanism further includes an air delivery guide duct, which is located at the air inlet end of the air delivery duct; the high-voltage air delivery electrode and the air delivery collector electrode are arranged in the air delivery guide duct along the front-to-back direction; the air delivery guide duct and the air delivery duct are connected by a directional component. Through the cooperation of the high-voltage air delivery electrode and the air delivery collector electrode, the inert gas in the vacuum tempering furnace enters the air delivery guide duct and undergoes initial ionization before the airflow enters the air delivery guide duct. The ions fly towards the air delivery collector electrode under the action of the electric field force, and transfer momentum to the inert gas molecules through collisions along the way, thereby converting it into a directional jet of ion wind. Combined with the directional component, this ensures that the airflow enters the air delivery guide duct and is precisely directed towards the concave area of ​​the workpiece to be processed.

[0035] Preferably, the directional adjustment component includes a hollow ball cup located at the end of the air supply duct; the ball cup is rotatably connected to a hollow ball head; the ball head is connected to the air supply duct; the inner cavities of the air supply duct, ball cup, ball head, and air supply duct are interconnected, forming an adjustable electric field airflow channel. The ball cup has at least one threaded hole covering the ball head, and an adjusting screw is fitted into the threaded hole. A pressure block is fixed to one end of the adjusting screw that extends into the ball cup. The pressure block contacts the outer surface of the ball head, forming a pressure-adjustable friction pair. The operator manually rotates the adjusting screw to create a controllable pressure surface contact friction pair between the pressure block and the ball head, enabling adjustable self-locking of the friction pair within the maximum working torque range. This ensures that the ball head can stably maintain its position without external force, while also allowing for fine-tuning of the angle under the pressure of the operator controlling the movement of the auxiliary air supply duct.

[0036] Preferably, the electronic air high-voltage power supply is located outside the vacuum tempering furnace; the air supply high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage electrode mechanism are connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage power supply of the vacuum oil quenching furnace and the vacuum tempering furnace via a high-temperature resistant metal busbar; the air supply collector electrode and the collector electrode connection terminal are connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage power supply outside the vacuum oil quenching furnace and the vacuum tempering furnace via a high-temperature resistant metal busbar. The air supply high-voltage electrode and the air supply collector electrode are respectively connected to two electrodes of different polarities of the electronic air high-voltage power supply.

[0037] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes a threaded hole penetrating the collector connection terminal, and the bracket has a through hole through which a fixing bolt passes. The bracket is connected to the collector connection terminal via the fixing bolt entering the threaded hole. The receiving electrode mechanism is placed on the base, and the fixing bolt passes through the through hole and enters the threaded hole, thereby pressing the receiving electrode mechanism against the mounting base.

[0038] Preferably, both the vacuum oil quenching furnace and the cleaning tank are provided with processing chambers, which are arranged vertically; a truss is arranged above the heat treatment path, and the truss spans the vacuum oil quenching furnace, the cleaning tank and the vacuum tempering furnace; a robotic arm is installed on the truss, and a high-temperature resistant robotic hand is assembled at the end of the robotic arm; the robotic hand and the robotic arm, together with the truss, form a conveying system that moves the workpiece between the vacuum oil quenching furnace, the cleaning tank and the vacuum tempering furnace.

[0039] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. Based on the complex geometry of the workpiece to be processed, the air duct is directed towards the concave parts of the workpiece, including deep pits and grooves, so that the high-speed, directional gas jet adapts to the shape of the workpiece and impacts the concave areas of the workpiece that are difficult to be replaced by airflow. This achieves the differential distribution of space gas in a closed environment and replaces the residual air inside the concave and deep pits of complex workpieces.

[0041] 2. The high-voltage electrode mechanism and the collector connection terminal work together to form an electric field wind towards the collector connection terminal. Together with the inert gas entering the vacuum tempering furnace, they form a high-speed, directional airflow that impacts the surface of the recessed area of ​​the workpiece, forcibly agitating and replacing the residual gas molecules therein. This allows the gas to mix rapidly with the introduced inert gas and be removed by the vacuum system, thereby greatly reducing the number of repeated charging and evacuation cycles required to achieve the target purity, directly shortening the process cycle and significantly reducing the consumption of inert gas.

[0042] 3. The truss, robotic arm, and robotic hand work together to ensure the smooth transfer of workpieces between the air oil quenching furnace, cleaning tank, and vacuum tempering furnace, forming a fully automated closed-loop conveying system for workpiece heat treatment;

[0043] 4. The vacuum oil quenching furnace, cleaning tank, and vacuum tempering furnace are all equipped with vertical processing chambers, which are suitable for large precision parts (especially aerospace long shaft forgings), so that they can always be kept in a vertical position to complete the entire heat treatment process and reduce the deformation problems that occur during the heat treatment process.

[0044] 5. The vacuum oil quenching furnace includes a heating chamber and a quenching chamber arranged vertically, which enables rapid transfer of workpieces between the heating chamber and the quenching chamber, thereby enhancing the quenching effect. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an integrated heat treatment production line according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vacuum oil quenching furnace structure of an integrated heat treatment production line according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vacuum tempering furnace structure of an integrated heat treatment production line according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the processing chamber structure of an integrated heat treatment production line according to the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the air duct structure of an integrated heat treatment production line according to the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the air duct structure of an integrated heat treatment production line according to the present invention.

[0052] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the conical needle in an integrated heat treatment production line according to the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal support for an integrated heat treatment production line according to the present invention.

[0054] In the diagram, 1. Vacuum oil quenching furnace; 101. Heating chamber; 102. Quenching chamber; 2. Cleaning tank; 3. Vacuum tempering furnace; 4. High-voltage electrode mechanism; 401. Core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrode; 4011. Electrode column; 4012. Closing structure; 4013. Through-hole opening; 4014. Conical needle; 4015. Metal bracket; 4016. Guide gap; 402. Electric field wind control mechanism; 4021. Air guide tube; 4022. Mesh plate; 4023. Air supply guide tube; 4024. Ball cup; 4025. Ball head; 403. Air supply high-voltage electrode; 404. Air supply collector electrode; 5. Truss; 6. Robotic arm. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present invention more readily understood, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0057] Secondly, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of the present invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure will be partially enlarged, not according to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, actual fabrication should include three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth.

[0058] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in less than one implementation of the invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single embodiment or an embodiment selectively excluded from other embodiments.

[0059] Example 1, Reference Figures 1 to 8 An integrated heat treatment production line includes a vacuum oil quenching furnace 1, a cleaning tank 2, and a vacuum tempering furnace 3, which are arranged sequentially along the heat treatment process to form a heat treatment path. The vacuum tempering furnace 3 is provided with a processing chamber, and the workpiece loading area of ​​the processing chamber is provided with a support. The workpiece to be processed is connected on the support. It also includes an electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system assembled on the vacuum tempering furnace 3.

[0060] The electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system includes an electronic wind high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage electrode mechanism 4, and a collector connection terminal;

[0061] The high-voltage electrode mechanism 4 and the collector connection terminal are located inside the vacuum tempering furnace 3;

[0062] The high-voltage electrode mechanism 4 includes at least five core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrodes 401;

[0063] The core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrode 401 includes an electrode column 4011, which is a hollow metal tube. The front end of the hollow metal tube is provided with a tapering structure 4012, the cross-sectional area of ​​which gradually decreases both inside and outside.

[0064] The closing structure 4012 has an opening at the front, called the through opening 4013;

[0065] A conical needle 4014 is coaxially fitted inside the closing structure 4012;

[0066] The large end of the tapered needle 4014 is located inside the closing structure 4012, and the small end of the tapered needle 4014 is located outside the closing structure 4012.

[0067] A metal bracket 4015 is provided inside the closing structure 4012 to support the conical needle 4014.

[0068] There is a gap for airflow between the inner side of the closing structure 4012 and the outer side of the conical needle 4014, which is called the guide gap 4016.

[0069] The closing structure 4012 and the tapered needle 4014 form a core-pulling structure;

[0070] The conical needle 4014 has a pointed tip that gradually tapers from the large end to the small end. Part of the pointed tip is located inside the through-hole 4013, and the other part is located outside the through-hole 4013. The cone angle of the pointed tip is not greater than the cone angle of the closing structure 4012, forming a fluid directional acceleration mechanism.

[0071] The collector connection terminal is locked onto the bracket by a locking mechanism, thereby completing the electrical connection with the workpiece to be processed connected to the bracket, with the workpiece itself serving as the collector electrode.

[0072] The electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system also includes an electric field wind control mechanism 402;

[0073] The electric field wind control mechanism 402 includes an air guide duct 4021, the air delivery direction of which is towards the recessed area of ​​the workpiece to be processed;

[0074] A perforated plate 4022 is fixed inside the air duct 4021, and at least ten through holes are passed through the perforated plate 4022.

[0075] At least five pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes 401 are slidably inserted into the through holes of the perforated plate 4022.

[0076] In this embodiment, a high-speed, directional, and precisely controllable gas jet is formed, which penetrates areas of complex workpieces, such as depressions, where airflow is difficult to displace, including deep pits and grooves. It forcibly agitates and displaces the residual gas molecules therein, causing them to mix rapidly with the introduced inert gas and be removed by the vacuum system. This greatly reduces the number of repeated filling and evacuation cycles required to achieve the target purity, directly shortens the process cycle, and significantly reduces the consumption of inert gas.

[0077] The high-voltage electrode mechanism 4 and the collector connection terminal work together to make the gas entering from the air inlet of the air duct 4021 form an airflow towards the collector connection terminal under the action of the high-voltage electric field, impacting the surface of the workpiece. The high-voltage electrode mechanism 4 and the collector connection terminal are respectively connected to two electrodes of different polarities of the electronic wind high-voltage power supply.

[0078] In the core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrode 401, the electrode column 4011 and the conical needle 4014 cooperate in a master-slave synergy to achieve precise discharge, improve discharge efficiency and stability. The cone angle of the tip is no greater than the cone angle of the constriction structure 4012, forming a fluid directional acceleration mechanism. The gas entering the electrode column 4011 is ejected through the guide gap 4016, so that the ejected airflow closely adheres to the surface of the conical needle 4014 and moves along the predetermined axial direction, transforming ordinary airflow into a high-speed and highly focused airflow jet. At the same time, it effectively prevents turbulence and scattering caused by the separation of airflow from the wall, achieves precise air delivery, and improves the gas replacement effect in the concave parts of complex workpieces.

[0079] This application utilizes a high-speed directional jet generated by electronic wind to actively and forcibly penetrate the cavity within the recessed area of ​​the workpiece. This replaces the traditional approach of passively replacing air with inert gas that relies on slow diffusion within the processing cavity. It solves the problem of repeatedly filling and evacuating the vacuum tempering furnace 3 to remove residual gas from the recessed area of ​​complex workpieces, which leads to extended process cycles and increased inert gas consumption. This application is more suitable for complex workpieces that require replacement of residual air inside deep holes and grooves.

[0080] The inner wall of the through holes of the perforated plate 4022 is provided with several protrusions at intervals; each protrusion is interference-fitted with the outer surface of the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode 401 to form a friction pair. By utilizing the interference friction between the protrusions in the holes of the perforated plate 4022 and the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode 401, the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode 401 achieves self-locking after sliding, allowing manual adjustment of the extension length of the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode 401, while resisting sliding caused by airflow impact or its own weight, preventing the displacement of the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode 401 from interfering with the stability of the electric field, thereby maintaining a precise cooling effect.

[0081] The number and distribution of the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes 401 inserted into the through-hole are configured to correspond to the size and contour of the recessed area on the surface of the workpiece to be treated. The distribution of multiple pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes 401 covers the recessed area of ​​the workpiece to be treated, and the coverage area is 30%-70% of the area of ​​the recessed region. The pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes 401 are directly arranged beside the recessed area of ​​the workpiece to be treated, accurately targeting the dead cavity area of ​​the workpiece. At the same time, the coverage area of ​​the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes 401 is 30%-70% of the area of ​​the recessed region. This avoids the formation of a gas plug-like laminar flow surface at the recessed inlet due to excessive coverage area, and also avoids poor airflow intensity and replacement efficiency due to insufficient coverage area, thus ensuring the most efficient gas replacement.

[0082] The sliding section of the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode 401 is located between its tip extending out of the outlet of the air guide duct 4021 and retracting into the outlet of the air guide duct 4021. Multiple pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes 401 extend in a gradient, forming a contoured air supply protrusion that matches the potential distribution of the workpiece's depression. The pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode 401 in the middle extends further, and through the hollow structure in the middle of the pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode 401, it strengthens the air supply to the area of ​​the depression that approaches zero potential, thereby improving the air quenching performance. The pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes 401 around the perimeter extend further, and by extending the distance, they correspond to the trend of gradually increasing potential outside the center of the depression, ensuring uniform air supply and air quenching. This allows the generated electric field wind to actively conform to the depression shape of the workpiece surface, strengthening the air supply to the area of ​​the depression that approaches zero potential, improving air quenching performance while ensuring uniform air supply and air quenching, thus increasing the process flexibility for various types of workpieces to be processed.

[0083] At least twenty through holes are evenly arranged on the perforated plate 4022, with a spacing of not less than 5 mm and not more than 15 mm between adjacent through holes. A pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode 401 is selectively inserted into the through holes. A high-temperature resistant metal seal is embedded in the through holes where no pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode 401 is inserted. Through the evenly distributed through holes on the perforated plate 4022, combined with the selectively insertable electrodes and metal seals, a unified approach of integration and flexibility is achieved. This not only ensures a safe and reliable insulation distance between multiple electrodes, effectively preventing electric field interference and arc breakdown, but also allows operators to flexibly select specific through holes to insert pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes 401 according to the workpiece surface contour to form a customized electric field. The metal seal precisely blocks unused holes, preventing gas from escaping from the through holes where no pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode 401 is connected, thus avoiding interference with the jet path.

[0084] The electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system also includes a high-voltage air delivery electrode 403 and an air delivery collector 404; the electric field wind control mechanism 402 also includes an air delivery guide duct 4023, which is located at the air inlet end of the air delivery duct; the high-voltage air delivery electrode 403 and the air delivery collector 404 are arranged in the air delivery guide duct 4023 along the front-to-back direction; the air delivery guide duct 4023 and the air delivery duct 4021 are connected by a directional component. Through the cooperation of the high-voltage air delivery electrode 403 and the air delivery collector 404, the inert gas in the vacuum tempering furnace 3 enters the air delivery guide duct 4023 and undergoes initial ionization before the airflow enters the air delivery duct 4021. The ions fly towards the air delivery collector 404 under the action of the electric field force, and transfer momentum to the inert gas molecules through collisions along the way, thereby converting it into a directional jet of ion wind. Combined with the directional component, this ensures that the airflow enters the air delivery duct 4021 and is precisely directed towards the concave area of ​​the workpiece to be processed.

[0085] The directional adjustment component includes a hollow ball cup 4024 located at the end of the air supply duct 4023; the ball cup 4024 is rotatably connected to a hollow ball head 4025; the ball head 4025 is connected to the air supply duct 4021; the inner cavities of the air supply duct 4023, the ball cup 4024, the ball head 4025, and the air supply duct 4021 are interconnected, forming an electric field airflow channel with adjustable direction. The ball cup 4024 has at least one threaded hole covering the ball head 4025. An adjusting screw is installed in the threaded hole. One end of the adjusting screw, which extends into the ball cup 4024, is fixed with a pressure block. The pressure block contacts the outer surface of the ball head 4025, forming a friction pair with adjustable pressure. The operator manually rotates the adjusting screw to make the pressure block and the ball head 4025 form a surface contact friction pair with controllable pressure. This allows the friction pair to achieve adjustable self-locking within the maximum working torque range, ensuring that the ball head 4025 can stably maintain its position when there is no external force, and also allowing for fine-tuning of the angle under the pressure of the operator controlling the movement of the auxiliary air guide 4021.

[0086] The ball cup 4024 has at least one threaded hole covering the ball head 4025. An adjusting screw is installed in the threaded hole. One end of the adjusting screw, which extends into the ball cup 4024, is fixed with a pressure block. The pressure block contacts the outer surface of the ball head 4025, forming a friction pair with adjustable pressure. The operator manually rotates the adjusting screw to make the pressure block and the ball head 4025 form a surface contact friction pair with controllable pressure. This allows the friction pair to achieve adjustable self-locking within the maximum working torque range, ensuring that the ball head 4025 can maintain its position stably when there is no external force, and also allowing for fine-tuning of the angle under the pressure of the operator controlling the movement of the air guide 4021.

[0087] The electronic air high-voltage power supply is located outside the vacuum tempering furnace 3; the air supply high-voltage electrode 403 and the high-voltage electrode mechanism 4 are connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage power supply of the vacuum oil quenching furnace 1 and the vacuum tempering furnace 3 via a high-temperature resistant metal busbar; the air supply collector electrode 404 and the collector connection terminal are connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage power supply outside the vacuum oil quenching furnace 1 and the vacuum tempering furnace 3 via a high-temperature resistant metal busbar. The air supply high-voltage electrode 403 and the air supply collector electrode 404 are respectively connected to two electrodes of different polarities of the electronic air high-voltage power supply.

[0088] The air supply high-voltage electrode 403, the high-voltage electrode mechanism, the air supply collector 404, and the collector connection terminal are all made of high-temperature resistant metal materials. The high-temperature resistant metal materials used for the air supply high-voltage electrode 403 and the high-voltage electrode mechanism include at least one of molybdenum, tungsten, or their alloys. The high-temperature resistant metal materials used for the air supply collector 404 and the collector connection terminal include at least one of molybdenum or molybdenum alloys.

[0089] The locking mechanism includes a threaded hole penetrating the collector connection terminal, and a through hole on the bracket with a fixing bolt inserted through the through hole. The bracket is connected to the collector connection terminal via the fixing bolt entering the threaded hole. The receiving electrode mechanism is placed on the base, and the fixing bolt, passing through the through hole and entering the threaded hole, presses the receiving electrode mechanism tightly against the mounting base.

[0090] Both the vacuum oil quenching furnace 1 and the cleaning tank 2 are equipped with processing chambers, which are arranged vertically. A truss 5 is arranged above the heat treatment path, spanning the vacuum oil quenching furnace 1, the cleaning tank 2, and the vacuum tempering furnace 3. A robotic arm 6 is installed on the truss 5, and a high-temperature resistant robotic hand is assembled at the end of the robotic arm 6. The robotic hand, the robotic arm 6, and the truss 5 together form a conveying system that moves the workpiece between the vacuum oil quenching furnace 1, the cleaning tank 2, and the vacuum tempering furnace 3.

[0091] The vacuum oil quenching furnace 1 includes a heating chamber 101 and a quenching chamber 102 arranged vertically. The heating chamber 101 and the quenching chamber 102 are isolated or connected by an openable and closable vacuum sealing gate valve. A robotic arm grasps the workpiece and moves it vertically up and down along the processing chamber under the drive of the robotic arm 6, realizing the rapid transfer of the workpiece between the heating chamber 101 and the quenching chamber 102, thereby enhancing the quenching effect.

[0092] When in use, the workpiece to be processed is placed on the loading platform. Depending on the shape of the workpiece, the operator extends or retracts the air guide 4021 or rotates it around the ball head 4025 so that the air guide 4021 faces the concave area of ​​the complex workpiece (including deep holes and grooves) set on the workpiece loading area, and avoids the protrusions and thin-walled parts of the complex workpiece.

[0093] The robotic arm 6, robotic hand and truss 5 work together to send the workpiece to be processed on the loading platform into the vacuum oil quenching furnace 1. The heating chamber 101 heats up quickly, and then the vacuum sealing gate valve is opened. The workpiece is quickly and vertically lowered into the quenching chamber 102. The quenching chamber 102 is equipped with an external oil storage tank, two sets of high pressure spray pump stirring and super flow guiding system, oil temperature cooling, heating and nitrogen fire prevention system, which effectively enhances the quenching effect.

[0094] After quenching, the robotic arm 6, the robotic hand and the gantry 5 work together to move the workpiece out of the vacuum oil quenching furnace 1 and into the cleaning tank 2 to remove oil. The cleaning tank 2 is equipped with a mechanical stirring device, a foaming device or a spraying system to remove oil stains from the surface of the workpiece in a vacuum environment. At the same time, it integrates an oil-water separation function to achieve efficient cleaning while avoiding oxidation of the workpiece.

[0095] After cleaning and degreasing are completed, the robotic arm 6, the robotic hand and the gantry 5 work together to move the workpiece out of the cleaning tank 2 and into the vacuum tempering furnace 3. The workpiece is hoisted and connected to the bracket in the vacuum tempering furnace 3. The collector connection terminal is connected to the bracket. Inert gas is introduced into the vacuum tempering furnace 3. The high voltage power supply is turned on and DC voltage is applied. The inert gas forms a directional airflow jet towards the deep holes and grooves of the complex workpiece.

[0096] After tempering is completed, the robotic arm 6, the robotic hand and the gantry 5 work together to remove the workpiece from the vacuum tempering furnace 3 and move the workpiece to the unloading platform.

[0097] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated heat treatment production line, comprising a vacuum oil quenching furnace (1), a cleaning tank (2), and a vacuum tempering furnace (3), arranged sequentially along the heat treatment process to form a heat treatment path; the vacuum tempering furnace (3) is provided with a processing chamber, and each workpiece loading area of ​​the processing chamber is provided with a support, on which the workpiece to be processed is connected, characterized in that, It also includes an electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system mounted on the vacuum tempering furnace (3); The electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system includes an electronic wind high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage electrode mechanism (4), and a collector connection terminal. The high-voltage electrode mechanism (4) and the collector connection terminal are located in the processing chamber of the vacuum tempering furnace (3); The high-voltage electrode mechanism (4) includes at least five core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrodes (401). The core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrode (401) includes an electrode column (4011), which is made of a hollow metal tube. The front end of the hollow metal tube is provided with a tapering structure (4012) whose internal and external cross-sectional areas gradually decrease. The closing structure (4012) is provided with an opening at the front, which is called the through opening (4013). A conical needle (4014) is coaxially fitted into the closing structure (4012). The large end of the conical needle (4014) is located inside the closing structure (4012), and the small end of the conical needle (4014) is located outside the closing structure (4012); The closing structure (4012) is provided with a metal bracket (4015) to support the conical needle (4014). There is a gap for airflow between the inner side of the closing structure (4012) and the outer side of the conical needle (4014), which is called the guide gap (4016). The closing structure (4012) and the conical needle (4014) form a core-pulling structure; The conical needle (4014) has a pointed tip that gradually tapers from the large end to the small end. Part of the pointed tip is located inside the through-hole (4013), and another part is located outside the through-hole (4013). The cone angle of the pointed tip is not greater than the cone angle of the closing structure (4012), thus forming a fluid directional acceleration mechanism. The current collector connection terminal is locked onto the bracket by a locking mechanism, thereby completing the electrical connection with the workpiece to be processed connected to the bracket, with the workpiece itself serving as the current collector. The electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system also includes an electric field wind control mechanism (402). The electric field wind control mechanism (402) includes an air guide tube (4021), and the air delivery direction of the air guide tube (4021) is towards the concave area of ​​the workpiece to be processed. A perforated plate (4022) is fixed inside the air guide tube (4021), and at least ten through holes are penetrating inside the perforated plate (4022); At least five pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrodes (401) are slidably inserted into the through holes of the mesh plate (4022).

2. The integrated heat treatment production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the through holes of the perforated plate (4022) is provided with a number of protrusions at intervals; Each protrusion is interference-fitted with the outer surface of the core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrode (401) to form a friction pair.

3. The integrated heat treatment production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number and distribution of the core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrodes (401) inserted into the through holes are configured to correspond to the size and contour of the recessed parts on the surface of the workpiece to be processed. Multiple core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrodes (401) are distributed to cover the recessed area of ​​the workpiece to be processed, and the coverage area is 30%-70% of the area of ​​the recessed region.

4. The integrated heat treatment production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding range of the core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrode (401) is between its tip extending outside the outlet of the air guide tube (4021) and inside the outlet of the air guide tube (4021). Multiple core-pulling needle-shaped discharge electrodes (401) extend in a gradient to form a contoured air supply boss that matches the potential distribution of the workpiece's depression.

5. An integrated heat treatment production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least twenty of the aforementioned through holes are evenly arranged on the perforated plate (4022), with a spacing of not less than 5 mm and not more than 15 mm between adjacent through holes; A pull-out needle-shaped discharge electrode (401) is selectively inserted into a through hole; The through hole of the unconnected needle-shaped discharge electrode (401) is fitted with a high-temperature resistant metal seal.

6. An integrated heat treatment production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic wind microstructure precision air delivery system also includes an air delivery high-voltage electrode (403) and an air delivery collector electrode (404). The electric field wind control mechanism (402) also includes an air supply duct (4023), which is located at the air inlet end of the air supply duct; The air supply high-voltage electrode (403) and the air supply collector (404) are arranged in the air supply duct (4023) along the front-back direction; The air supply duct (4023) and the air duct (4021) are connected by a directional assembly.

7. An integrated heat treatment production line according to claim 6, characterized in that: The directional assembly includes a hollow ball cup (4024) located at the end of the air supply duct (4023). The ball cup (4024) is rotatably connected to a hollow ball head (4025). The ball head (4025) is connected to the air guide tube (4021); The inner cavities of the air supply duct (4023), the ball cup (4024), the ball head (4025), and the air duct (4021) are interconnected, forming an electric field airflow channel with adjustable direction.

8. An integrated heat treatment production line according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electronic high-voltage power supply is located outside the vacuum tempering furnace (3); The air supply high-voltage electrode (403) and the high-voltage electrode mechanism (4) are connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage power supply of the vacuum oil quenching furnace (1) and the vacuum tempering furnace (3) through a high-temperature resistant metal busbar; The air-feeding collector (404) and the collector connection terminal are connected to the negative terminal of the high-voltage power supply outside the vacuum oil quenching furnace (1) and the vacuum tempering furnace (3) via a high-temperature resistant metal busbar.

9. An integrated heat treatment production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism includes a threaded hole that passes through the collector connection terminal. The bracket has a through hole with a fixing bolt passing through it. The bracket is connected to the collector connection terminal by the fixing bolt that enters the threaded hole.

10. An integrated heat treatment production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the vacuum oil quenching furnace (1) and the cleaning tank (2) are equipped with processing chambers, which are arranged vertically. A truss (5) is arranged above the heat treatment path, the truss (5) spanning the vacuum oil quenching furnace (1), the cleaning tank (2) and the vacuum tempering furnace (3). A robotic arm (6) is installed on the truss (5), and a high-temperature resistant robotic hand is assembled at the end of the robotic arm (6); the robotic hand and the robotic arm (6) work together with the truss (5) to form a conveying system that allows the workpiece to move between the vacuum oil quenching furnace (1), the cleaning tank (2), and the vacuum tempering furnace (3).

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