Self-resetting replaceable multifunctional anti-collision device for bridge superstructure

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-resetting replaceable multifunctional anti-collision device for a bridge superstructure. The self-resetting replaceable multifunctional anti-collision device comprises an F-shaped steel plate, a connecting plate, an arc-shaped plate, a transverse partition plate, an energy dissipation element, a steel strand, a limiting plate, an anchorage device, an outward extending plate, a pulley block, a counter-force plate, a first spring, a bearing plate and a damping device. Under the collision action of ultrahigh vehicles, ships, falling rocks and the like, the outer side arc-shaped plates are combined with the transverse partition plates and the inner side arc-shaped plates to generate plastic deformation, meanwhile, the energy dissipation elements play a role and dissipate collision energy, and by means of a displacement amplification mechanism of the pulley blocks, the two ends of the damping device generate large relative displacement, so that the collision energy is further consumed. The anti-collision device has the advantages of being simple in construction process, good in assembly performance, convenient to replace after collision, high in protection capacity, capable of achieving certain self-resetting capacity and the like, can be used in anti-collision design of urban viaducts, pedestrian overpasses or mountainous bridges and the like crossing roads, and can also be arranged on overpass bridges crossing rivers and having navigation requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a self-resetting, replaceable, multi-functional anti-collision device for bridge superstructure, belonging to the field of bridge protection design. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of my country's social economy, people's demand for daily travel and freight circulation is becoming increasingly strong, leading to a corresponding increase in road and waterway transportation volume. Consequently, accidents involving bridges spanning rivers, railway lines, and mountainous areas, such as those struck by oversized vehicles, ships, or falling rocks, occur frequently. Compared to the substructure of a bridge, the superstructure is more susceptible to damage, failure, and even collapse under impact loads because it is only constrained by supports and crash barriers. Therefore, designing and implementing corresponding anti-collision measures for bridge superstructures is of significant practical importance.

[0003] Traditional bridge collision protection measures mainly include increasing the cross-section of the main beam (including using new composite materials as protective parts of the existing structure) to improve the collision resistance of the superstructure, or installing collision protection devices on the surface of the superstructure to dissipate impact energy and reduce the impact force on the bridge. However, these measures can lead to several problems. First, they can reduce the clearance under the bridge, affecting the aesthetics of the structure and further increasing the risk of impact to the superstructure. Second, traditional collision mitigation devices can still transfer a significant amount of impact energy to the superstructure, thus reducing their protective effect and resulting in insufficient collision resistance even in structures equipped with such devices.

[0004] Furthermore, with the development of the social economy in recent years, government departments at all levels, the engineering community, academia, and the general public have increasingly emphasized the post-disaster recoverability of engineering structures. For anti-collision devices, requirements such as impact toughness, assemblability, self-resetting function, and post-disaster replaceability have gradually become important directions for research and development. However, current anti-collision devices generally have limited functionality and suffer from insufficient assemblability, self-resetting function, and replaceability. In view of this, this invention patent proposes a bridge structure anti-collision device that combines inertial capacity energy absorption, energy dissipation dispersion, and reset function. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To effectively protect the superstructure of bridges from impacts by oversized vehicles, ships, falling rocks, etc., and to improve the impact resistance and resettable function of the anti-collision device, while shortening the repair and replacement period after an impact accident, this invention proposes a bridge superstructure anti-collision device with simple construction process, good assemblability, easy replacement after impact, strong protective capability, and a certain degree of self-reset capability. It can be used as an anti-collision measure for urban viaducts, pedestrian bridges, and mountain bridges crossing highways, and can also be installed on bridges spanning rivers, lakes, and seas with navigation requirements.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] A self-resetting, replaceable, multi-functional anti-collision device for bridge superstructure includes an F-shaped steel plate 1, a connecting plate 2, an arched plate 3, a transverse diaphragm 4, an energy-dissipating element 5, steel strands 6, a limiting plate 7, an anchor 8, an overhanging plate 9, a pulley block 10, a reaction plate 11, a first spring 12, a support plate 13, and a damping device 14. Two F-shaped steel plates 1 are respectively fixed to adjacent cap beams by anchor bolts. The anti-collision device is set on the outside of the superstructure through the overhanging F-shaped steel plates 1. Two arched plates 3 are arranged front and rear and anchored together by bolts, connecting plate 2, and F-shaped steel plates 1 respectively. Several sets of transverse diaphragms 4 and energy-dissipating elements 5 are anchored at intervals to the two plates by anchor bolts. Between the bow-shaped plates 3, the energy-consuming elements 5 are evenly arranged between the adjacent transverse diaphragms 4; the outrigger plate 9 is also fixed to the cap beam on one side by anchor bolts, the reaction plate 11 is fixed to the adjacent pier by anchor bolts, and the first spring 12 is set between the reaction plate 11 and the support plate 13 by welding; one end of the damping device 14 is connected to the bottom surface of the support plate 13, and the other end is fixed to the pier or the ground; the limiting plate 7 is fixed to the connecting plate 2 on one side by anchor bolts, and the steel strand 6 passes through the circular hole in the center of the transverse diaphragm 4, one end is connected to the top surface of the support plate 13 through the pulley block 10, and the other end is anchored to the limiting plate 7 by the anchor 8 after being tensioned to generate a certain prestress.

[0008] The connecting plate 2 and the bow-shaped plate 3 can be made of high-ductility fiber-reinforced cement-based composite materials (UHPC, ECC, etc.). When the bow-shaped plate 3 is impacted, on the one hand, it can achieve greater impact resistance through its bow-shaped structure (bending-compression linkage conversion), and on the other hand, it can convert the impact force borne by the bow-shaped plate 3 into horizontal force at both ends of the bow-shaped plate 3. Then, it can achieve cracking without breaking by relying on the excellent material properties of the bow-shaped plate 3 itself, and consume impact energy by relying on its own large plastic deformation. The energy-consuming element 5 can play its energy-consuming role through the relative displacement between adjacent bow-shaped plates 3. Then, the horizontal force at both ends of the bow-shaped plate 3 and the displacement amplification effect of the pulley block 10 can drive the steel strand 6 to realize the displacement amplification and energy consumption of the damping device 14. Furthermore, after the impact, the steel strand 6, the reaction plate 11, the first spring 12 and the support plate 13 can achieve self-resetting.

[0009] The energy-dissipating element 5 includes a steel pad 5-1, a round steel tube 5-2, a filler 5-3, a second spring 5-4, and a rubber slider 5-5. The second spring 5-4 is made of shape memory alloy (SMA). When the anti-collision device is impacted, the relative displacement between adjacent bow plates 3 causes the second spring 5-4 to drive the rubber slider 5-5 to vibrate back and forth along the length of the round steel tube 5-2. The impact energy is dissipated by the good hysteresis energy dissipation and self-resetting performance of the second spring 5-4 and the repeated friction between the inner side of the rubber slider 5-5 and the outer wall of the round steel tube 5-2. On the other hand, it will squeeze the round steel tube 5-2 and the filler 5-3 inside to undergo plastic deformation, thereby further dissipating the impact energy.

[0010] The damping device 14 is an inertial capacitive damping device that simultaneously absorbs energy through inertial capacitance and dissipates energy through damping. When the anti-collision device is impacted, the two ends of the damping device 14 generate relative acceleration and displacement under the action of the steel strand 6. On the one hand, the inertial capacitive element generates a force opposite to the direction of acceleration to stabilize the movement of the steel strand 6, while converting a portion of the impact energy into the mechanical energy of the inertial capacitive element, thus preventing the system from being subjected to excessive energy impact in a short period of time. On the other hand, thanks to the relative displacement of the two ends of the damping device 14, the damping element and the inertial capacitive element work together to dissipate the impact energy.

[0011] Before the anti-collision device is impacted, the first spring 12 is in a compressed state, and the resulting reaction force is used to balance the preload of the steel strand 6. When the anti-collision device is impacted, the steel strand 6 drives the support plate 13 to move upward, which increases the compression of the first spring 12. After the impact, since the pushing force of the first spring 12 on the support plate 13 is greater than the tension on the steel strand 6, in order to achieve a balanced state, the first spring 12 releases its compressive potential energy and provides a certain reset function to the damping device 14 and the bow plate 3 through the steel strand 6.

[0012] The pulley system 10 consists of six fixed pulleys and two movable pulleys. On the one hand, the displacement amplification mechanism of the pulley system 10 makes the displacement of the end steel strand 6 four times that of the beginning displacement, thereby amplifying the relative displacement of the two ends of the damping device 14 when the anti-collision device is impacted, thus enhancing its energy dissipation effect. At the same time, it amplifies the compression of the first spring 12, accumulating energy for the self-resetting function. On the other hand, the force-saving mechanism of the pulley system 10 makes the tension of the end steel strand 6 one-quarter of the tension of the beginning tension, thereby enhancing the structure's self-resetting ability after an impact.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: This invention has a highly efficient force transmission and energy dissipation mechanism. The impact force is transmitted to the horizontal supports at both ends through the bending of the bow plate 3 on the impact side and the stretching of the steel strand 6, forming an "arch-cable cooperative force-bearing system", which allows the impact force to be rapidly diffused and reduces local stress concentration. This invention has a composite energy dissipation capability and a certain self-resetting function. When subjected to impact, the plastic deformation of the bow plate 3 itself, the energy dissipation element 5 between adjacent bow plates 3, and the damping device 14 after displacement amplification will all play an energy dissipation role. This invention has good assemblability and replaceability, with most components connected by bolts, making it easy to repair and replace after an impact. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a self-resetting, replaceable, multi-functional anti-collision device for bridge superstructure according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a side view of a self-resetting, replaceable, multi-functional anti-collision device for bridge superstructure according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional view of the diaphragm in this invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the energy-consuming element in this invention; In the diagram: 1. F-shaped steel plate, 2. Connecting plate, 3. Bow-shaped plate, 4. Transverse diaphragm, 4-1. T-shaped steel plate, 4-2. Connecting lug, 5. Energy-consuming element, 5-1. Steel pad, 5-2. Round steel pipe, 5-3. Filler, 5-4. Second spring, 5-5. Rubber slider, 6. Steel strand, 7. Limiting plate, 8. Anchor, 9. Outer plate, 10. Pulley block, 11. Reaction plate, 12. First spring, 13. Support plate, 14. Damping device. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown, this example provides an implementation method for a self-resetting, replaceable, multi-functional anti-collision device for a bridge superstructure. The selected bridge has a span of 20m. The cap beam at the top of the pier supports the upper main beam through bearings. Two F-shaped steel plates 1 are fixed to the adjacent cap beams by anchor bolts. The anti-collision device is set on the outside of the superstructure through the outward-extending F-shaped steel plates 1.

[0017] The connecting plate 2 and the bow plate 3 are made of ECC material. The height of the bow plate 3 does not exceed 1 / 2 of the height of the main beam. Seven sets of transverse diaphragms 4 are anchored between two bow plates 3 at intervals by anchor bolts. The distance between adjacent transverse diaphragms 4 is 3m. Four energy dissipation elements 5 are anchored in the gap between each adjacent transverse diaphragm 4. The energy dissipation elements 5 are arranged in two layers, and the distance between adjacent energy dissipation elements 5 in the horizontal direction is 1m. The second spring 5-4 in the energy dissipation element 5 is an SMA spring. Polyurethane foam is selected as the filler 5-3 and filled in the cavity of the round steel pipe 5-2. Four first springs 12 are set between the reaction plate 11 and the support plate 13. The damping device 14 adopts an inertial capacitance particle damper that combines inertial capacitance energy absorption and damping energy dissipation.

[0018] The anti-collision device for the bridge superstructure is prefabricated and assembled from various components, and its assembly steps are as follows: (1) Drill holes and embed bolts at the corresponding positions of the cap beams and piers on both sides, and anchor the F-shaped steel plate 1 and the overhang plate 9 to the cap beams with bolts, and anchor the reaction plate 11 to the piers. (2) Set the two bow-shaped plates 3 in front and behind and anchor them together with bolts, connecting plate 2 and F-shaped steel plate 1 respectively, and anchor the limiting plate 7 on the connecting plate; (3) According to functional requirements, several sets of transverse diaphragms 4 and energy-consuming elements 5 are anchored between two bow-shaped plates 3 at intervals by anchor bolts, and the energy-consuming elements 5 are evenly arranged between adjacent transverse diaphragms 4. (4) Weld the two ends of the first spring 12 to the top surface of the support plate 13 and the bottom surface of the reaction plate 11 respectively; (5) Connect one end of the damping device 14 (inertial-capacitive particle damper) to the bottom surface of the support plate 13, and fix the other end to the ground; (6) Fix the pulley block 10 between the outer plate 9 and the ground with bolts, and pass one end of the steel strand 6 through the circular hole in the center of the cross diaphragm 4 and connect it to the top surface of the support plate 13 through the pulley block 10. (7) After the steel strand 6 is tensioned to generate a certain prestress, it is anchored to the limiting plate 7 by the anchor 8.

[0019] The above description is merely an example of the technical solution of this invention, but the implementation of this invention is not limited thereto. Without departing from the principles of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes and improvements to the implementation of this invention, and all such changes and improvements are within the scope of protection of this invention. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-resetting, replaceable, multi-functional anti-collision device for bridge superstructure, characterized in that: The structure includes F-shaped steel plates (1), connecting plates (2), bow-shaped plates (3), diaphragms (4), energy-consuming elements (5), steel strands (6), limiting plates (7), anchors (8), outrigger plates (9), pulley blocks (10), reaction plates (11), first springs (12), support plates (13), and damping devices (14). Two F-shaped steel plates (1) are fixed to adjacent cap beams by anchor bolts. The anti-collision device is set on the outside of the upper structure through the outrigger F-shaped steel plates (1). Two bow-shaped plates (3) are set in front and behind and anchored together by bolts, connecting plates (2), and F-shaped steel plates (1). Several sets of diaphragms (4) and energy-consuming elements (5) are anchored between the two bow-shaped plates (3) at intervals by anchor bolts. The energy-consuming components (5) are evenly arranged between adjacent transverse diaphragms (4); the extended plate (9) is also fixed to the cap beam on one side by anchor bolts, the reaction plate (11) is fixed to the adjacent pier by anchor bolts, and the first spring (12) is set between the reaction plate (11) and the support plate (13) by welding; one end of the damping device (14) is connected to the bottom surface of the support plate (13), and the other end is fixed to the pier or the ground; the limiting plate (7) is fixed to the connecting plate (2) on one side by anchor bolts, the steel strand (6) passes through the circular hole in the center of the transverse diaphragm (4), one end is connected to the top surface of the support plate (13) through the pulley block (10), and the other end is anchored to the limiting plate (7) by the anchor (8) after being tensioned to generate a certain prestress.

2. The self-resetting, replaceable, multi-functional anti-collision device for bridge superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting plate (2) and the bow plate (3) are made of high ductility fiber reinforced cement-based composite material. When the bow plate (3) is impacted, on the one hand, it achieves a large impact resistance through the bow structure, that is, the bending-compression linkage conversion. On the other hand, it converts the impact force borne by the bow plate (3) into the horizontal force at both ends of the bow plate (3). Then, it can achieve cracking without breaking by means of the material properties of the bow plate (3) and consume the impact energy by means of its own plastic deformation. The energy dissipation function of the energy dissipation element (5) is played by the relative displacement between adjacent bow plates (3). Then, the horizontal force at both ends of the bow plate (3) and the displacement amplification effect of the pulley block (10) drive the steel strand (6) to realize the displacement amplification and energy dissipation of the damping device (14). After the impact, the steel strand (6), the reaction plate (11), the first spring (12) and the support plate (13) realize self-reset.

3. The self-resetting, replaceable, multi-functional anti-collision device for bridge superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-consuming element (5) includes a steel pad (5-1), a round steel tube (5-2), a filler (5-3), a second spring (5-4), and a rubber slider (5-5). The second spring (5-4) is made of shape memory alloy SMA. When the anti-collision device is impacted, the relative displacement between the adjacent bow plates (3) causes the second spring (5-4) to drive the rubber slider (5-5) to vibrate back and forth along the length of the round steel tube (5-2). The impact energy is consumed by the good hysteresis energy consumption and self-resetting performance of the second spring (5-4) and the repeated friction between the inner side of the rubber slider (5-5) and the outer wall of the round steel tube (5-2). On the other hand, it will squeeze the round steel tube (5-2) and the filler (5-3) inside to undergo plastic deformation, thereby dissipating the impact energy.

4. The self-resetting, replaceable, multi-functional anti-collision device for bridge superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping device (14) adopts an inertial capacitance damping device that simultaneously absorbs energy through inertial capacitance and dissipates energy through damping. When the anti-collision device is impacted, the two ends of the damping device (14) generate relative acceleration and displacement under the action of the steel strand (6). On the one hand, the inertial capacitance element generates a force opposite to the direction of acceleration to stabilize the movement of the steel strand (6), and at the same time, it converts a portion of the impact energy into the mechanical energy of the inertial capacitance element, thus avoiding excessive energy impact in a short period of time. On the other hand, with the relative displacement of the two ends of the damping device (14), the damping element and the inertial capacitance element work together to dissipate the impact energy.

5. A self-resetting, replaceable, multi-functional anti-collision device for bridge superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spring (12) is in a compressed state before the anti-collision device is impacted, and the resulting reaction force is used to balance the preload of the steel strand (6). When the anti-collision device is impacted, the steel strand (6) drives the support plate (13) to move upward, which increases the compression of the first spring (12). After the impact, since the thrust of the first spring (12) on the support plate (13) is greater than the tension on the steel strand (6), in order to achieve a balanced state, the first spring (12) releases the compressive potential energy and provides a certain reset function of the damping device (14) and the bow plate (3) through the steel strand (6).

6. A self-resetting, replaceable, multi-functional anti-collision device for bridge superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulley system (10) consists of six fixed pulleys and two movable pulleys. On the one hand, the displacement amplification mechanism of the pulley system (10) makes the displacement of the end steel strand (6) four times that of the beginning displacement, thereby amplifying the relative displacement of the two ends of the damping device (14) when the anti-collision device is impacted, thus enhancing its energy dissipation effect. At the same time, it amplifies the compression of the first spring (12) to accumulate energy for realizing the self-resetting function. On the other hand, the force-saving mechanism of the pulley system (10) makes the tension of the end steel strand (6) 1 / 4 of the tension of the beginning, thereby enhancing the self-resetting ability of the structure after the impact.

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