Drainage system provided with multiple drainage paths and used for muck absorption field

Abstract

The invention discloses a residue soil absorption field drainage system with multiple drainage paths, and relates to the technical field of dam body internal drainage systems, the residue soil absorption field drainage system comprises a blind ditch and a plurality of horizontal pipes, the blind ditch and the plurality of horizontal pipes are connected through a connecting well, and the upper half part of each horizontal pipe is provided with a plurality of water through holes; culvert pipes are arranged in the blind ditches, the culvert pipes are horizontally buried in the drainage foundation pit, a plurality of baffles inclining upwards are arranged on the lower half portions of the culvert pipes, drainage holes are formed in the positions, above the roots of the baffles, of the culvert pipes, and a plurality of overflow holes are formed in the upper half portions of the culvert pipes; drain valves are arranged on the two sides, above the culvert pipe connecting position, of the connecting well, and the drain valves are aligned with the drainage foundation pit. The drainage path is optimized, breathing balance is formed, and the drainage efficiency is remarkably improved. And the adaptability and reliability of the system are enhanced. Excessive accumulated water in the dam body is effectively prevented, the infiltration line is reduced, and long-term stable operation of the dam body under complex working conditions is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drainage system technology for dam bodies, and particularly to a drainage system for a spoil disposal site with multiple drainage paths. Background Technology

[0002] In existing hydraulic engineering projects, the design of internal drainage systems for dams generally suffers from significant limitations. Most drainage systems employ only a single drainage path and method, typically relying solely on horizontal drainage pipes or blind drains to guide water flow. This design cannot meet the drainage needs of different parts of the dam body under varying water levels. Furthermore, existing drainage systems lack emergency drainage channels, failing to rapidly lower the water level inside the dam body when water volume suddenly surges. This can lead to an excessively high phreatic line, increasing the dam's self-weight and pore water pressure, thereby reducing the dam's anti-sliding stability. Prolonged water accumulation can also trigger seepage damage within the dam body, affecting the dam's structural safety.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN215483442U, Publication Date: January 11, 2022, discloses a Chinese patent entitled "A Connecting Well for Lowering the Phosphorous Line of a Dam." This patent discloses a drainage system centered on the connecting well. The connecting well is equipped with an inlet hole and a seepage drainage system. The seepage drainage system includes a collection well for collecting seepage water from within ash and slag, and a drainage pipe for guiding the seepage water. One end of the drainage pipe is connected to the collection well, and the other end extends to and passes through the inlet hole, connecting to the interior of the collection well. The connecting well also has a drainage hole connected to a flood discharge pipe, which in turn connects to adjacent connecting wells. This drainage system has a single drainage path and lacks an emergency drainage channel, resulting in poor drainage efficiency and safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a drainage system for a waste disposal site with multiple drainage paths. By setting overflow holes and drainage holes in the upper and lower halves of the culvert respectively, the water level in the culvert is prevented from overflowing, seepage is discharged in time, a breathing balance is formed, and drainage efficiency is improved.

[0005] A further objective of this invention is to improve safety by setting up an emergency drainage channel through a drainage valve facing the drainage pit.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a drainage system for a slag disposal site with multiple drainage paths, comprising a blind ditch and several horizontal pipes, the blind ditch and several horizontal pipes being connected by a connecting well, the upper half of the horizontal pipes having several water passage holes; a culvert is installed in the blind ditch, the culvert is horizontally buried in the drainage pit, the lower half of the culvert has several upwardly inclined baffles, the culvert has drainage holes above the base of the baffles, and the upper half of the culvert has several overflow holes; the connecting well has drainage valves on both sides above the culvert connection, the drainage valves being aligned with the drainage pit.

[0007] Preferably, several overflow holes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the culvert, with the bottom walls of the overflow holes horizontal. The angle between the overflow holes on both sides is 70–90 degrees, preferably 80 degrees, with the center of the culvert as the center point. The overflow holes are grouped in pairs, with two overflow holes symmetrically arranged radially along the top of the culvert, and the groups of overflow holes are evenly spaced along the entire length of the culvert. When the water level in the culvert exceeds the height of the overflow holes, water will pass through the overflow holes and be discharged through the drainage pit, achieving emergency drainage. Simultaneously, the overflow holes can also receive water filtered through the first and second gravel layers, increasing the drainage path. By setting overflow holes and drainage holes in the upper and lower halves of the culvert respectively, overflowing water in the culvert is effectively prevented, and overflowing water is discharged promptly. The drainage holes, in conjunction with baffles, form a natural waterway, ensuring timely discharge of seepage water, creating a breathing balance, and significantly improving drainage efficiency. This design not only optimizes the drainage path but also enhances the adaptability and reliability of the system.

[0008] Preferably, the drainage pit is encased in permeable geotextile, with its top and connecting well both located at the same ground level. The connecting well is fixed to a second cushion layer, on which a reinforced base plate is provided, and the connecting well is placed on the reinforced base plate. The connecting well wall thickness is preferably 2 meters, its width 15 meters, and its length 27 meters. The second cushion layer is preferably 29 meters long, and the reinforced base plate is preferably 27 meters long. The complete geotextile wrapping forms a continuous filter barrier, preventing both the escape of gravel and the intrusion of fine particles, ensuring long-term unobstructed drainage of the pit. The pit top and the connecting well are at the same elevation, facilitating rapid water collection and centralized drainage, reducing construction joints, and shortening the construction period.

[0009] Preferably, one end of the drainage pit contacts the connecting well, and the connecting well is equipped with several drainage valves on the contact surface. Two drainage valves are preferably installed, one on each side above the inlet. The drainage valves are electrically controlled; when the water level in the connecting well is detected to be too high or emergency drainage is required, the drainage valves open, allowing water to be discharged through the drainage pit, thus improving safety. The electrically controlled opening and closing response is sensitive, capable of opening within seconds under extreme conditions, forming a redundant flood discharge channel; the valves are directly opposite the drainage pit, resulting in a short discharge path and minimal hydraulic loss, rapidly reducing the water level in the well and increasing the system's safety margin.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom end of the culvert is mounted on a reinforcing steel support, and the bottom end of the baffle is positioned at the contact point between the top of the reinforcing steel support and the culvert, with the top end resting on a permeable geotextile. The reinforcing steel support contains several reinforcing bars, evenly spaced within it. This effectively enhances the structural strength of the culvert, preventing deformation or breakage due to long-term stress. It also extends the service life of the culvert and reduces subsequent maintenance workload.

[0011] Preferably, the drainage pit contains multiple layers of crushed stone, and the ratio of the culvert diameter to the pit height is 0.5–0.7. The multiple layers of crushed stone include a first, second, and third layer distributed from top to bottom, with the particle size gradually increasing from top to bottom. The layers are separated by permeable geotextile. Vertical permeable geotextile is installed on both sides of the permeable geotextile between the second and first layers to guide water flow. The culvert diameter is preferably 12 meters. The gradual increase in particle size from top to bottom creates a gradient filtration system, which both traps fine surface particles and ensures high permeability in deeper layers, achieving both anti-clogging and water flow. Combined with the vertical guidance of the permeable geotextile, layered water guidance is achieved, significantly improving overall drainage efficiency.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom end of the horizontal pipe is provided with several steel plates, which are fixed to the first pad layer. The spacing between the horizontal pipes is 70-90mm. The end of the horizontal pipe that connects to the connecting well is a horizontal straight pipe. The diameter of the horizontal pipe is preferably 3 meters. Several steel plates are fixed at intervals at the bottom end of the horizontal pipe, and the spacing between adjacent steel pipes is preferably 20 meters. The cross-section of the first pad layer is frustum-shaped, and the side inclination angle is preferably set at 45 degrees. The wall thickness of the horizontal pipe is preferably 6 mm, and the thickness of the steel plate is preferably 8 mm, with a size of 10cm × 5cm. The reasonable spacing of the steel plates not only locks the horizontal pipe but also allows for deformation, ensuring that there is no displacement or disconnection during long-term operation.

[0013] Preferably, the wall of the horizontal pipe is wrapped with permeable geotextile, with the dot of the horizontal pipe as the center, and the included angle between adjacent permeable holes is 65-85 degrees. Three permeable holes are preferably provided: one at the top of the horizontal pipe, and one on each side of the top permeable hole. All three permeable holes are located in the upper half of the horizontal pipe for easy water collection, and the included angle is preferably 75 degrees. The three holes are concentrated in the upper half, with a large water-facing surface and a small backwater surface, allowing for rapid collection of seepage and reducing external erosion; the 75° included angle causes the water to enter the pipe in a spiral shape, increasing the flow velocity, reducing sediment deposition, and maintaining the self-cleaning capacity of the pipe cavity.

[0014] Preferably, the horizontal pipe is wrapped with several burlap sacks filled with crushed stone, which are stacked progressively with increasing depth. The burlap sacks are preferably layered, with each sack containing approximately 0.15m³ of material. 3 The preferred size for the burlap sacks is 0.6m × 1m. The burlap sacks and gravel bags serve as a deformable protective layer, stacked in stages according to the height of the wastewater, acting as both an additional filter and absorbing impact loads; the double-layer arrangement increases the cross-sectional area for water flow, enhances overall stability, facilitates construction, and allows for the use of locally available materials.

[0015] Preferably, the culvert end is provided with a spigot that connects to the socket of the buried pipe. A sealing platform is provided between the socket and the spigot, and a sealing ring is provided inside the sealing platform. The inner side of the sealing ring is filled with sealant. The buried pipe is a dam-downstream buried pipe, preferably with a length of about 264 meters, installed within a concrete layer. A steel mesh is provided above the buried pipe within the concrete layer. The diameter of the buried pipe is preferably 12 meters. The socket has a first protrusion on its inner wall, and the spigot has a second protrusion on its outer wall. A sealing platform is formed between the first and second protrusions, and sealant is filled between the connection surfaces of the culvert and the buried pipe. The first and second protrusions form a mechanically interlocking sealing platform, which, together with the sealing ring and sealant, achieves multiple layers of water stoppage. In long-distance buried pipes downstream of the dam, this effectively resists interface misalignment caused by uneven settlement, ensuring zero leakage and long-term reliable operation of the system.

[0016] Beneficial effects: This invention, by setting overflow holes and drainage holes in the upper and lower halves of the culvert respectively, effectively prevents the water level in the culvert from overflowing and promptly drains any overflowing water. The drainage holes, in conjunction with baffles, form a natural waterway, ensuring that seepage can be discharged in a timely manner, achieving a breathing balance and significantly improving drainage efficiency. This design not only optimizes the drainage path but also enhances the system's adaptability and reliability.

[0017] This invention provides an emergency drainage channel for the system by setting a drainage valve facing the drainage pit. This improvement significantly enhances the safety of the drainage system, enabling it to rapidly reduce the water level inside the dam under conditions of sudden increases in water volume or extreme weather, effectively preventing excessive water accumulation inside the dam, lowering the phreatic line, thereby enhancing the anti-sliding stability of the dam and ensuring its long-term stable operation under complex working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the well, blind ditch and horizontal pipe of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the horizontal tube of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a top view of the horizontal tube of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the horizontal tube and the first padding layer of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the blind drain of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a front view of the connecting well of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the buried pipe.

[0025] Figure 8This is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the socket and the spigot.

[0026] Attached reference numerals: 1: Blind drain; 1.1: Drainage pit; 1.2: First crushed stone layer; 1.3: Second crushed stone layer; 1.4: Third crushed stone layer; 1.5: Culvert; 1.6: Overflow hole; 1.7: Drainage hole; 1.8: Baffle; 1.9: Reinforcing bar protection seat; 1.10: Third cushion layer; 2: Reinforcing bar; 3: Horizontal pipe; 3.1: Permeable hole; 4: Permeable geotextile; 5: Steel plate; 6: First cushion layer; 7: Burlap sack; 8: Connecting well; 9: Drainage valve; 10: Buried pipe; 11: Concrete layer; 12: Reinforcing mesh; 13: Socket; 14: First boss; 15: Second boss; 16: Sealing platform; 17: Sealing ring; 18: Socket; 19: Sealing material. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] In the drainage system of a construction waste disposal site, efficient drainage paths and reliable safety guarantees are crucial for preventing waterlogging and ensuring site stability. This invention provides a construction waste disposal site drainage system with multiple drainage paths. Through the coordinated design of blind drains 1, horizontal pipes 3, and connecting wells 8, a three-dimensional drainage network of "conventional drainage + emergency flood discharge" is constructed, effectively solving the problems of single drainage paths and insufficient emergency response capabilities in traditional drainage systems.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, the drainage system uses blind drain 1 and several horizontal pipes 3 as basic drainage units, which are precisely connected through connecting wells 8 to form a complete drainage chain. The culvert 1.5 within the blind drain 1 is horizontally buried in the drainage pit 1.1. The lower half of the culvert 1.5 is equipped with several upwardly inclined baffles 1.8. One end of each baffle 1.8 is fixed to the contact point between the top of the reinforcing steel protective layer and the culvert 1.5, and the other end is connected to a permeable geotextile 4. Drainage holes 1.7 are correspondingly located above the base of the baffles 1.8 on the culvert 1.5. When seepage water from the waste disposal site seeps vertically downwards, the baffles 1.8 guide the water flow along the inclined surface, ultimately entering the culvert 1.5 through the drainage holes 1.7, forming a natural water flow zone and ensuring timely drainage of the seepage water. The upper part of the culvert 1.5 is also provided with several overflow holes 1.6. These overflow holes 1.6 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the top of the culvert 1.5. With the center of the culvert 1.5 as the point, the included angle between the overflow holes 1.6 on both sides is 70 to 90 degrees, preferably 80 degrees. The overflow holes 1.6 are grouped in pairs, with two overflow holes 1.6 in each group arranged symmetrically along the radial direction of the top of the culvert 1.5. The multiple groups of overflow holes 1.6 are evenly spaced along the entire length of the culvert 1.5. When the water level in culvert 1.5 rises above the height of overflow hole 1.6 due to untimely drainage from drainage hole 1.7, the excess water will be discharged into drainage pit 1.1 through overflow hole 1.6, achieving emergency drainage. At the same time, overflow hole 1.6 can also receive seepage water filtered by the first gravel layer 1.2 and the second gravel layer 1.3, increasing the drainage path and effectively preventing the water level in culvert 1.5 from overflowing. Through the synergy of drainage hole 1.7 and overflow hole 1.6, a dual drainage structure of "upper and lower response" is formed, achieving breathing balance and significantly improving drainage efficiency.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the drainage pit 1.1 is entirely encased in permeable geotextile 4. This permeable geotextile acts as a crucial filter barrier, forming a continuous filtration layer that prevents the outflow of gravel from the pit and blocks the intrusion of fine soil particles, thus avoiding clogging of the gravel gaps or culverts 1.5 and ensuring long-term unobstructed drainage. The top of the drainage pit 1.1 and the connecting well 8 are located on the same ground level. This level design facilitates the rapid convergence of accumulated water in the site towards the pit and connecting well 8, reducing water collection resistance caused by height differences. It also facilitates centralized pumping, reduces the difficulty of interface treatment between different structures during construction, and shortens the construction period. The connecting well 8 is fixed to the second foundation layer, which has a reinforced base plate. The connecting well 8 is securely mounted on the reinforced base plate, forming a robust foundation structure. The connecting well 8 is preferably 2 meters thick, 15 meters wide, and 27 meters long; the second cushion layer is preferably 29 meters long, and the steel reinforcement base plate is preferably 27 meters long. This size combination allows the two ends of the second cushion layer to extend outward, providing "cantilever" support for the connecting well 8 and distributing the upper load. The steel reinforcement base plate enhances the crack resistance of the connecting well 8 and prevents the connecting well 8 from cracking and leaking due to foundation settlement.

[0031] like Figure 6 As shown, one end of the drainage pit 1.1 is in close contact with the connecting well 8. The connecting well 8 has several drainage valves 9 on the contact surface, preferably two, located on both sides above the inlet 18. The drainage valves 9 are electrically controlled and monitor the water level in the connecting well 8 in real time through a liquid level sensor. When the water level is detected to be too high or when emergency drainage is required due to extreme conditions such as heavy rain, the control system will quickly issue a command to open the drainage valves 9. The water in the connecting well 8 will be directly discharged into the drainage pit 1.1 through the drainage valves 9, filtered through the gravel layer in the pit, and then discharged through the culvert 1.5 or the overflow hole 1.6. The electrically controlled drainage valves 9 are highly responsive and can open within seconds under extreme conditions, forming a redundant flood discharge channel. Moreover, the valves are directly opposite the drainage pit 1.1, resulting in a short discharge path and minimal hydraulic loss, which can quickly reduce the water level in the connecting well 8 and significantly improve the safety margin of the system.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, the complete wrapping of the permeable geotextile 4 creates a closed reverse filtration system for the drainage pit 1.1, establishing an effective filtration barrier between the pit and the external soil. When seepage water enters the pit from the spoil disposal site, the permeable geotextile 4 allows water to pass through while intercepting fine particles in the soil, preventing these particles from entering the pit with the water flow and clogging the gravel layer or culvert 1.5, thus ensuring the long-term unobstructed drainage channels. This reverse filtration effect is crucial for maintaining the long-term stability of the drainage system, especially in the complex soil composition environment of the spoil disposal site, effectively reducing drainage failures caused by blockages.

[0033] As the "hub" of the drainage system, the connecting well 8's structural design directly affects the efficiency of water collection and flood discharge. The connecting well 8 is fixed to a reinforced concrete base slab, which is laid on a second bedding layer. The second bedding layer is longer than the base slab, with its extended ends providing additional support to the connecting well 8, enhancing the foundation's bearing capacity and anti-settlement performance. The length, width, and wall thickness of the connecting well 8 are precisely calculated to accommodate water collection from the blind drain 1 and the horizontal pipe 3, while also withstanding lateral pressure from the external soil, ensuring structural stability under high water levels. The upper part of the horizontal pipe 3 has several water passages. When the water level in the site reaches a certain height, the water enters the horizontal pipe 3 through these passages, is then transported through the horizontal pipe 3 to the connecting well 8, and finally discharged through the culvert 1.5 in the blind drain 1.

[0034] like Figure 5As shown, the drainage pit 1.1 is firmly set on the third cushion layer 1.10, which is made of cast concrete, preferably C20. C20 concrete has suitable strength and durability, providing a solid foundation support for the drainage pit 1.1 and ensuring structural stability under long-term loads from the superstructure and lateral earth pressure. The second cushion layer and the first cushion layer 6, which work in conjunction with the third cushion layer 1.10, are also concrete layers 11. The multi-layered concrete cushion layers form a progressive stress system, distributing the load layer by layer and further enhancing the foundation stability of the entire drainage system.

[0035] The reinforcing bar protective seat 1.9 serves as the direct support structure for the culvert 1.5, with a thickness of 40cm. It is filled with concrete, preferably C25 grade. C25 concrete has a higher strength than C20, providing stronger load-bearing capacity for the culvert 1.5, effectively resisting the upper pressure and water flow impact transmitted by the culvert 1.5, preventing cracking or deformation of the reinforcing bar protective seat 1.9 due to long-term stress, and ensuring stable support for the culvert 1.5.

[0036] The drainage pit 1.1 has an overall inverted cone shape, with the side taper precisely designed to be 75.96 degrees. This inverted cone design gradually narrows from top to bottom, guiding seepage water towards the culvert 1.5 at the bottom of the pit, while also enhancing the pit's resistance to lateral earth pressure. The 75.96-degree taper achieves an optimal balance between the seepage convergence rate and structural stability, ensuring that seepage water flows naturally under gravity while avoiding problems such as erosion of the pit sidewalls due to an excessively steep taper or an excessively long drainage path due to an excessively gentle taper.

[0037] The drainage pit 1.1 has a height of 20 meters, a length of 27 meters at the top, and a length of 17 meters at the bottom. This size combination creates a reasonable narrowing ratio, ensuring efficient drainage within a limited space. The third subbase 1.10 is 19 meters long, longer than the 17-meter length of the drainage pit 1.1, and extends outwards by 1 meter at each end, forming a cantilever-like support structure. This extended design evenly distributes the load transmitted by the drainage pit 1.1 across a larger area of ​​the foundation, preventing ground settlement due to load concentration. This protects the pit and culvert 1.5 structure from settlement, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the entire drainage system.

[0038] The combination of multi-layered concrete foundation layers and the inverted conical foundation pit forms a structurally stable and highly efficient drainage system. The third foundation layer 1.10, made of C20 concrete, provides direct support for the foundation pit; the second and first foundation layers 6 serve as auxiliary supports, further distributing the load; and the C25 concrete of the reinforced concrete protective seat 1.9 provides localized reinforcement support for the culvert 1.5. The dimensions and tapered design of the drainage foundation pit 1.1, combined with the extended support of the foundation layers, optimizes the flow path of seepage water and ensures the stability of the structure under complex loads, laying a solid foundation for the efficient operation of the entire drainage system.

[0039] The placement of drain valves 9 provides redundancy for emergency drainage. Two drain valves 9 are located on either side of the connection point between the connecting well 8 and the culvert 1.5, controlled by an electronic control system. When the water level sensor in the connecting well 8 detects that the water level exceeds the safety threshold, or in extreme situations such as sudden heavy rain requiring emergency drainage, the electronic control system immediately instructs drain valves 9 to open, allowing water in the connecting well 8 to be directly discharged into the drainage pit 1.1. Because drain valves 9 are directly opposite the drainage pit 1.1, the drainage path is short, hydraulic loss is minimal, and the water level in the connecting well 8 can be quickly reduced, avoiding the risk of well collapse due to excessively high water levels. Under non-emergency conditions, drain valves 9 are closed, ensuring that water in the connecting well 8 is discharged through the culvert 1.5 via the normal path. This design allows the system to operate efficiently under both normal and emergency conditions, improving overall safety.

[0040] The symmetrical distribution and angle design of the overflow holes 1.6 further optimize the emergency drainage effect. With the center of culvert 1.5 as the center point, the overflow holes 1.6 on both sides are distributed at an 80-degree angle. This angle creates a uniform drainage area in the upper half of culvert 1.5. When the water level in culvert 1.5 rises, water can be discharged evenly from both sides, avoiding uneven stress on culvert 1.5 caused by unilateral drainage. Several sets of overflow holes 1.6 are evenly spaced along the entire length of culvert 1.5, ensuring that emergency drainage can be achieved in each section of culvert 1.5, preventing localized excessively high water levels. The bottom wall of the overflow holes 1.6 is horizontally set, allowing water to flow out smoothly during drainage, reducing the impact on the crushed stone layer in the foundation pit and extending the service life of the crushed stone layer.

[0041] The combination of drainage hole 1.7 and baffle 1.8 forms an efficient conventional drainage path. The upward tilt angle of baffle 1.8 matches the downward tilt angle of drainage hole 1.7, allowing seepage water to flow smoothly into drainage hole 1.7 as it flows along baffle 1.8, reducing water flow impact and energy loss. The baffle 1.8 also prevents seepage water from directly impacting the bottom of the pit, dispersing the scouring force of the water flow and protecting the integrity of the pit structure. This "baffle 1.8 diversion + drainage hole 1.7 water collection" design makes conventional drainage more efficient, reduces reliance on overflow hole 1.6, and extends the system's service life.

[0042] like Figure 5 As shown, in the drainage system of this waste disposal site, the structural protection and support design of culvert 1.5 is fundamental to ensuring long-term stable operation. The bottom of culvert 1.5 is supported by reinforcing steel support seats 1.9, which are distributed below culvert 1.5. Each support seat 1.9 contains several reinforcing bars 2, evenly spaced, forming an integral load-bearing structure through concrete pouring. This design effectively enhances the structural strength of culvert 1.5. When culvert 1.5 is subjected to long-term pressure from the upper gravel layer, water flow impact, and lateral soil forces, the reinforcing steel support seats 1.9 can evenly distribute the load to the foundation, preventing deformation or breakage due to excessive local stress. This significantly extends the service life of culvert 1.5 and reduces the maintenance workload caused by damage to culvert 1.5 in the later stages. The bottom end of the baffle 1.8 is fixed at the contact point between the top of the steel reinforcement protection seat 1.9 and the culvert 1.5, and the top end is connected to the permeable geotextile 4. The steel reinforcement protection seat 1.9 provides a stable support point for the baffle 1.8, ensuring that the baffle 1.8 will not loosen due to force when guiding water flow, and further ensuring the smooth flow of the natural waterway formed by the drainage hole 1.7 and the baffle 1.8.

[0043] The multi-stage crushed stone layer within the drainage pit 1.1 constructs a highly efficient gradient filtration and water guiding system. The multi-stage crushed stone layer is divided into three layers from top to bottom: the first crushed stone layer 1.2, the second crushed stone layer 1.3, and the third crushed stone layer 1.4. The particle size of the crushed stone increases from top to bottom, forming a scientific filtration gradient. The first crushed stone layer 1.2 has the smallest particle size, preferably 3–5 cm, and directly contacts the soil in the disposal site, effectively trapping fine soil particles carried by surface seepage water and preventing them from entering the lower layers and clogging the drainage channels. The second crushed stone layer 1.3 serves as a transition layer, with a preferred particle size of 5–10 cm, receiving the filtered water from the upper layers and further blocking residual fine particles. The third crushed stone layer 1.4 has the largest particle size, preferably 10–30 cm, forming a high-permeability channel and providing conditions for the rapid downward convergence of water. The layers of crushed stone are wrapped with permeable geotextile 4. Vertical permeable geotextile 4 is installed on both sides of the permeable geotextile 4 between the second crushed stone layer 1.3 and the first crushed stone layer 1.2. A gap is left between the vertical permeable geotextile 4 and the top of the first crushed stone layer 1.2. These vertical permeable geotextile 4 act as "water-guiding walls," guiding the seepage water from the upper layers towards the center of the foundation pit, preventing the water from spreading laterally along the gaps between the crushed stone layers, thus achieving layered water guidance. The ratio of the diameter of the culvert 1.5 to the height of the drainage foundation pit 1.1 is 0.5 to 0.7 (preferably 12 meters in diameter). This ratio perfectly matches the drainage capacity of the culvert 1.5 with the seepage capacity of the foundation pit, ensuring that the culvert 1.5 can quickly discharge the accumulated seepage water while avoiding an excessively high foundation pit that would increase construction difficulty, significantly improving overall drainage efficiency.

[0044] like Figure 4As shown, the fixing and structural design of the horizontal pipe 3 balances stability and drainage efficiency. Several steel plates 5 are provided at the bottom of the horizontal pipe 3, which are fixed to the first cushion layer 6. The steel plates 5 are reasonably spaced (preferably 20 meters apart), which not only firmly locks the horizontal pipe 3 in position, preventing displacement or detachment during water flow impact or foundation settlement, but also allows for a small amount of deformation margin to avoid breakage caused by rigid fixing. The first cushion layer 6 has a frustum-shaped cross-section with a 45-degree inclination angle on the sides. This shape can distribute the load transmitted by the horizontal pipe 3 and enhance the bearing capacity of the cushion layer. The end of the horizontal pipe 3 connected to the connecting well 8 is a horizontal straight pipe, preferably 3 meters in diameter and 6 millimeters thick, ensuring that the pipe body has sufficient strength to withstand water pressure while reducing water flow resistance. The steel plate 5 is 8 millimeters thick and 10cm × 5cm in size, providing stable support for the horizontal pipe 3 and preventing deformation of the bottom end of the horizontal pipe 3 due to uneven stress.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the layout of the permeable holes 3.1 and the design of the external protection of the horizontal pipe 3 optimize water collection and anti-clogging performance. The wall of the horizontal pipe 3 is wrapped with permeable geotextile 4 to prevent soil particles from entering the pipe and clogging the permeable holes. With the center of the horizontal pipe 3 as the center point, the angle between adjacent permeable holes 3.1 is 65-85 degrees (preferably 75 degrees), and the three permeable holes 3.1 are concentrated in the upper half, with one at the top and one on each side. This layout makes the water-facing surface of the horizontal pipe 3 large and the water-repellent surface small, which can quickly collect seepage water from the disposal site, while reducing the risk of soil erosion outside the pipe by water flow. The 75-degree angle causes the water to flow in a spiral shape when entering the pipe. The spiral water flow increases the flow velocity inside the pipe, reduces the deposition of silt at the bottom of the pipe, enhances the self-cleaning ability of the pipe cavity, and is not easy to clog with long-term use.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the burlap sacks 7 wrapped around the outer perimeter of the horizontal pipe 3, together with the crushed stone, form a deformable protective layer. Preferably, two layers of burlap sacks 7 are used, with each sack containing approximately 0.15m³ of material. 3 The bags, measuring 0.6m x 1m, are stacked in stages of increasing height in the disposal site. The burlap sacks (7) and crushed stone bags (7) are stacked simultaneously, acting as an additional filter layer to further filter fine particles carried by seepage water, and also absorbing the impact load during the dumping of waste soil, protecting the wall of the horizontal pipe (3). The double-layer arrangement of the burlap sacks (7) increases the water passage cross-section, enhances the overall stability of the outer structure of the horizontal pipe (3), and the burlap sacks (7) and crushed stone materials are readily available and easy to install, adapting to the construction characteristics of gradually increasing disposal site height.

[0047] like Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the connection structure between culvert 1.5 and buried pipe 10 ensures system sealing and long-term reliability. Culvert 1.5 has a spigot 18 at its end, which connects to the socket 13 of buried pipe 10. A sealing platform 16 is provided between the socket 13 and the spigot 18. The sealing ring 17 inside the sealing platform 16 and the inner filling sealant 19 form a double seal. Buried pipe 10 is a dam-downstream buried pipe 10 (preferably approximately 264 meters in length), installed within a concrete layer 11. A steel mesh 12 is provided above the buried pipe 10 within the concrete layer 11 to enhance the strength of the concrete layer 11 and prevent excessive soil pressure above the buried pipe 10 from causing concrete cracking. The buried pipe 10 preferably has a diameter of 12 meters. The inner wall of the socket 13 has a first protrusion 14, and the outer wall of the spigot 18 has a second protrusion 15. The two protrusions interlock to form a mechanical seal structure, forming the sealing platform 16. Together with the sealing ring 17 and the sealant 19, it effectively resists interface misalignment caused by uneven foundation settlement, ensuring zero leakage at the connection point and guaranteeing long-term reliable system operation.

[0048] The synergistic effect of each component constructs an efficient and safe drainage system: the reinforced concrete support 1.9 supports the culvert 1.5 to resist deformation; a multi-stage crushed stone layer provides gradient filtration and water guidance; the horizontal pipe 3 has a spiral water collection and anti-clogging system with permeable holes 3.1; the burlap sack 7 protective layer adapts to construction by stacking layers according to height; and the culvert 1.5 is sealed to the buried pipe 10 to prevent leakage. When water seeps into the landfill, the seepage water enters the horizontal pipe 3 after being filtered through the permeable holes 3.1 of the horizontal pipe 3 and the burlap sack 7, and then flows into the blind ditch 1 through the connecting well 8; the seepage water in the blind ditch 1 is filtered by the crushed stone layer and guided by the baffle 1.8 through the drainage hole 1.7 into the culvert 1.5; when the water level is too high, the overflow hole 1.6 assists in drainage; in an emergency, the drainage valve 9 of the connecting well 8 opens for rapid flood discharge. This multi-path drainage design prevents the culvert 1.5 from overflowing, creating a breathing balance and significantly improving drainage efficiency; the emergency drainage channel enhances system safety, lowers the phreatic line of the dam, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the landfill.

[0049] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A drainage system for a waste disposal site with multiple drainage paths, characterized in that, It includes blind drains and several horizontal pipes, which are connected by connecting wells. The upper part of the horizontal pipes is provided with several water passage holes. The blind drain is equipped with a culvert, which is horizontally buried in the drainage pit. The lower half of the culvert is equipped with several upward-sloping baffles. The culvert has drainage holes above the base of the baffles, and the upper half of the culvert has several overflow holes. The connecting well is connected to the culvert. Drainage valves are installed on both sides above the connection point of the culvert in the connecting well, and the drainage valves are set in the direction of the drainage pit.

2. The drainage system of a waste disposal site with multiple drainage paths according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several overflow holes are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the culvert, and the bottom wall of the overflow hole is horizontal.

3. The drainage system of a waste disposal site with multiple drainage paths according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drainage pit is wrapped in permeable geotextile, and the top and connecting well are both located on the same ground plane.

4. A drainage system for a spoil disposal site with multiple drainage paths as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, One end of the drainage pit is in contact with the connecting well, and the connecting well is equipped with several drainage valves on the contact surface.

5. A drainage system for a waste disposal site with multiple drainage paths according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom end of the culvert is set on the steel reinforcement protective seat, the bottom end of the baffle is set at the contact point between the top of the steel reinforcement protective seat and the culvert, and the top end is set on the permeable geotextile.

6. A drainage system for a waste disposal site with multiple drainage paths as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The drainage pit contains multiple layers of crushed stone, and the ratio of the diameter of the culvert to the height of the drainage pit is 0.5 to 0.

7.

7. A drainage system for a waste disposal site with multiple drainage paths as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Several steel plates are provided at the bottom of the horizontal tube, which are fixed to the first pad layer. The spacing between the horizontal tubes is 70-90mm.

8. A drainage system for a waste disposal site with multiple drainage paths as described in claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, The wall of the horizontal pipe is wrapped with permeable geotextile, with the dot of the horizontal pipe as the center, and the included angle between adjacent permeable holes is 65 to 85 degrees.

9. A drainage system for a waste disposal site with multiple drainage paths as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The outer perimeter of the horizontal pipe was wrapped with several burlap sacks filled with crushed stone, which were stacked in layers according to the height of the dumping.

10. A drainage system for a waste disposal site with multiple drainage paths according to claim 5, characterized in that, The culvert end is provided with a spigot that connects to the socket of the buried pipe. A sealing platform is provided between the socket and the spigot, and a sealing ring is provided inside the sealing platform. The inner side of the sealing ring is filled with sealant.

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