Waste liquid discharge device

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of waste liquid discharge, and discloses a waste liquid discharge device. The problems of low evaporation efficiency, complex equipment and high operation cost in the prior art are solved. The device comprises a liquid storage tank, an evaporation chamber, a delivery pump and a plurality of low-pressure nozzles. The multiple nozzles are arranged on the upper portion of the inner cavity of the evaporation chamber and connected with the liquid storage tank through the liquid supply pipeline, and the spraying direction faces the interior of the evaporation chamber. The core innovation of the device is as follows: a plurality of low-pressure micro-mist nozzles are arranged at a specific angle, so that sprayed water flows collide with one another and form a continuous back-swirling flow structure. The surface area of the waste liquid is obviously enlarged through the back-swirling motion, heat and mass transfer with unsaturated air is accelerated, efficient evaporation is achieved, and humidified air is discharged into a chimney through an exhaust port in the top of the evaporation chamber to be discharged at high altitude.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste liquid discharge technology, and in particular to a waste liquid discharge device. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread application of nuclear energy technology, nuclear power plants inevitably generate radioactive waste liquids during operation. The treatment and discharge of these waste liquids has always been an important part of the environmental protection work of nuclear power plants. To meet environmental protection requirements, nuclear power plants typically implement strict treatment measures for radioactive waste liquids to ensure that their discharge meets national and regional environmental standards.

[0003] Most existing nuclear power plants are built in coastal areas, discharging treated wastewater directly into the ocean. However, with the increasing prevalence of nuclear power plants and the shift of new plant sites to non-marine areas, receiving water bodies are scarce, and traditional liquid waste discharge methods can no longer meet the discharge requirements of some new plant sites. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a waste liquid discharge device to reduce the cost of waste liquid discharge.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a waste liquid discharge device, the waste liquid discharge device comprising:

[0006] A liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank being used to store waste liquid;

[0007] An evaporation chamber, wherein an exhaust port is provided at the upper end of the evaporation chamber;

[0008] Multiple nozzles are provided, and the multiple nozzles are disposed in the evaporation chamber. The nozzles are connected to the liquid storage tank through a liquid supply pipeline.

[0009] A delivery pump is installed on the liquid supply pipeline;

[0010] The nozzles are positioned so that the water jets from them are directed toward the interior of the evaporation chamber, and the nozzles are configured such that the water jets from them along the jet direction can form a vortex.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, an air source device is further included, which is connected to the lower part of the evaporation chamber to provide an upward airflow into the evaporation chamber.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the air source device includes a heating unit to heat the airflow into a hot airflow.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the connection between the air source device and the evaporation chamber is higher than the bottom of the evaporation chamber.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, a reflux pipeline is provided at the bottom of the evaporation chamber, and the reflux pipeline is connected to the liquid storage tank.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, a first control valve is provided on the return pipeline.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the evaporation chamber is higher than the liquid level in the storage tank.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, a filter device is provided at the exhaust port to filter liquid droplets.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the filtration device is a PP hexagonal honeycomb inclined tube packing.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle is an atomizing nozzle.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle is provided in multiple layers, and the nozzles in each layer are arranged at the same height.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid supply pipeline includes a liquid supply branch connected to each nozzle, and a second control valve is provided on each of the liquid supply branches.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the evaporation chamber is a cylindrical structure, and the nozzle is disposed on the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical structure.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of the nozzles are arranged in a ring array around the axis of the evaporation chamber.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, the angle between the projection of the nozzle's spray direction onto the horizontal plane and the normal of the evaporation chamber at the location of the nozzle is 10°-60°.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the angle between the projection of the nozzle's spray direction onto the horizontal plane and the normal of the evaporation chamber at the location of the nozzle is 30°-40°.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the spray direction of the nozzle makes an angle of less than 60° with the horizontal plane.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the spray direction of the nozzle makes an angle of 25°-35° with the horizontal plane.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid storage tank is connected to an inlet pipe, which is used to transport waste liquid into the liquid storage tank.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, a humidity sensor is provided on the outside of the exhaust port.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention uses multiple nozzles to spray water into the evaporation chamber, creating a vortex structure that significantly increases the contact area between the waste liquid and the air. This spray vortex method allows the waste liquid to evaporate more fully within the evaporation chamber, greatly improving evaporation efficiency. Compared to the traditional cloth-hanging method, the spray vortex not only promotes liquid vaporization more efficiently but also avoids uneven evaporation on the cloth surface, solving the problem of low evaporation efficiency. Using low-pressure spray nozzles instead of high-pressure micro-mist nozzles reduces the need for a high-pressure system. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0032] In the attached diagram:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waste liquid discharge device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a disassembly diagram of a waste liquid discharge device provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0036] 10. Storage tank; 20. Evaporation chamber; 21. Exhaust port; 22. Filter device; 30. Nozzle; 40. Transfer pump; 50. Liquid supply line; 51. Liquid supply branch line; 52. Second control valve; 60. Return line; 61. First control valve; 70. Air source device; 80. Liquid inlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0038] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. The drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0039] In the following description, numerous details are explored to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring embodiments of the invention.

[0040] With the widespread application of nuclear energy technology, nuclear power plants inevitably generate radioactive waste liquids during operation. The treatment and discharge of these waste liquids has always been a crucial part of the environmental protection efforts of nuclear power plants. To meet environmental protection requirements, nuclear power plants typically implement strict treatment of radioactive waste liquids to ensure that their discharge meets national and regional environmental standards. The treated liquid effluents are usually released into the environment through ocean or air discharge. Most existing nuclear power plants are built in coastal areas, directly discharging treated waste liquids into the ocean. However, with the gradual proliferation of nuclear power plants and the increasing shift of new plant sites to non-marine areas, receiving water bodies are scarce, and traditional liquid waste discharge methods can no longer meet the discharge requirements of some new sites. Therefore, airborne discharge has become a new feasible solution.

[0041] Air-carrying emission technology is based on the principle of air humidification. It utilizes unsaturated air to absorb moisture from waste liquid, which is then vaporized and emitted into the atmosphere. The basic principle of this emission method is that the waste liquid is evaporated into a gaseous state using a special device, then carried by the airflow into a chimney for high-altitude emission, avoiding the potential environmental impact of direct waste liquid discharge. Compared to traditional ocean discharge, air-carrying emission can effectively reduce the risk of pollution to marine ecosystems, and therefore has gradually gained attention.

[0042] Currently, the main practices and research schemes for air-carrying emission technology include two methods: heated air-cloth-mounted air-carrying scheme and high-pressure micro-mist air-carrying scheme.

[0043] The heated air-coated fabric atmospheric carrier method first filters the air through dust, then heats it and uses a centrifugal fan to blow the heated air over a fabric sprayed with waste liquid. The waste liquid on the fabric absorbs heat and evaporates, increasing the humidity of the air with water vapor. Finally, the humidified air is discharged into the upper atmosphere through a chimney. The main advantage of this method is its relatively simple operation, but it suffers from disadvantages such as low evaporation efficiency, large volume of secondary radioactive waste, and a large footprint, limiting its application in high-efficiency emissions.

[0044] The high-pressure micro-mist atmospheric transport system first filters the air for dust, then heats it. Next, the air flows through a micro-mist chamber under the suction of a centrifugal fan. Inside the chamber, the waste liquid is atomized into atomized particles by a high-pressure pump (typically between 4 MPa and 7 MPa). The particle size of these atomized particles is typically between 3 μm and 10 μm. These tiny droplets come into full contact with the air, absorb heat, gradually vaporize, and increase the air humidity. Finally, the moisture is carried into a chimney and discharged at high altitude. While the high-pressure micro-mist atmospheric transport system offers high evaporation efficiency, its drawbacks include the high atomization pressure required for the nozzles and the complex waste liquid transport system, necessitating robust equipment and increasing system complexity and operating costs.

[0045] While the two existing emission schemes have addressed the issues of wastewater discharge and emission to some extent, they still have certain technical shortcomings and operational challenges. The heated air-supported fabric atmospheric carrier scheme is inefficient and occupies a large amount of building space, while the high-pressure micro-mist atmospheric carrier scheme faces problems such as complex equipment and difficulties in transporting wastewater.

[0046] Please see Figure 1-2 , Figure 1 The present invention provides a waste liquid discharge device, which includes a storage tank 10, an evaporation chamber 20, a nozzle 30 and a delivery pump 40.

[0047] The storage tank 10 is used to store waste liquid. The storage tank 10 is used to store waste liquid from the nuclear power plant that has been treated to meet emission standards. The waste liquid may include radioactive waste liquid or other industrial waste liquid. This tank is responsible for collecting and storing the waste liquid to be discharged, ensuring that the waste liquid is centrally stored before discharge. The storage tank 10 may also serve a buffering function to ensure the stability of the discharge process.

[0048] The evaporation chamber 20 has an exhaust port 21 at its upper end. The evaporation chamber 20 is the core component of the waste liquid discharge device, where the waste liquid is heated or atomized by spraying and then comes into contact with air to evaporate. The exhaust port 21 at the upper end of the evaporation chamber 20 is connected to the chimney of the nuclear power plant. The function of the exhaust port 21 is to discharge the evaporated waste liquid water vapor (and air) into the high atmosphere, thereby achieving high-altitude discharge and reducing the potential environmental hazards of the waste liquid. The exhaust port 21 ensures that the treated waste liquid enters the atmosphere in a gaseous state, reducing the risk of the waste liquid directly contacting water or soil. Through its connection to the chimney, the waste liquid vapor is guided to the high atmosphere, where the diffusion effect of the airflow rapidly dilutes it, meeting environmental protection requirements and avoiding pollution of the surrounding environment.

[0049] Multiple nozzles 30 are provided and disposed in the evaporation chamber 20. The nozzles 30 are connected to the storage tank 10 via a liquid supply line 50. The nozzles 30 are key components for atomizing waste liquid. The device has multiple nozzles 30 connected to the storage tank 10 via the liquid supply line 50, responsible for spraying the waste liquid into fine droplets. Each nozzle 30 has an orifice diameter of less than 1 mm, producing droplets with diameters between 5 μm and 30 μm. The tiny droplet size significantly increases the contact area between the waste liquid and air, promoting evaporation efficiency. Due to the extremely small orifice size, the nozzles 30 can atomize the waste liquid into very fine droplets, which have a larger surface area in contact with air, thereby improving evaporation efficiency. The atomization pressure of the nozzles 30 during operation is less than 2 MPa. Compared to traditional high-pressure micro-mist systems, this not only effectively avoids the complex requirements of high-pressure equipment but also reduces equipment wear and improves operational economy and reliability. The low-pressure spray nozzle 30 also reduces the need for equipment such as high-pressure pumps and infusion pipelines, simplifying the design and operation of the entire system.

[0050] A transfer pump 40 is installed on the liquid supply line 50. The function of the transfer pump 40 is to deliver the waste liquid from the storage tank 10 into the liquid supply line 50, and then to each nozzle 30 via the liquid supply line 50. The transfer pump 40 provides a continuous and stable liquid flow to ensure the normal operation of the nozzles 30 and to ensure that the waste liquid is atomized at an appropriate flow rate. The installation of the transfer pump 40 ensures the stability of the waste liquid supply, thereby ensuring the smooth operation of the entire waste liquid discharge system. In terms of flow control, the transfer pump 40 can also adjust the waste liquid delivery rate to meet different treatment needs.

[0051] In this configuration, the spray direction (referring to the center direction of the water flow sprayed by the nozzles 30) of the multiple nozzles 30 is directed towards the inner cavity of the evaporation chamber 20. The nozzles 30 are configured such that the water flow sprayed from the multiple nozzles along the spray direction can form a vortex. The multiple nozzles 30 spraying towards the inner cavity of the evaporation chamber 20 create a specific water flow direction. This configuration causes the sprayed liquid flows to interact within the evaporation chamber 20, forming a vortex-like flow. A vortex is a rotational flow; the water flow within the evaporation chamber 20 is continuously subjected to multiple sprays, producing a vortex-like flow pattern. Through this vortex flow, the waste liquid can come into more uniform and sufficient contact with the hot air within the evaporation chamber 20, improving evaporation efficiency.

[0052] Inside the evaporation chamber 20, the sprayed wastewater continuously contacts the air and evaporates moisture through a vortex structure, leading to wastewater concentration. As evaporation continues, the water in the wastewater is gradually evaporated, and the concentration of the remaining wastewater gradually increases until it reaches saturation. Once the wastewater is concentrated to a certain extent, the water is almost completely evaporated, and the remaining wastewater is in a saturated or near-saturated state. When the wastewater reaches saturation, it means that the water evaporation is basically complete, and the remaining wastewater substances have been concentrated to a high level. At this point, the properties of the wastewater change, and precipitates or solid substances that are difficult to evaporate further may appear. At this point, the saturated wastewater can be centrally treated, such as through solidification, chemical treatment, or other subsequent treatment methods. The purpose of this step is to finally dispose of the remaining harmful components and concentrated substances in the wastewater to meet environmental protection requirements.

[0053] In one embodiment of the invention, an air source device 70 is further included, which is connected to the lower part of the evaporation chamber 20 to provide an upward airflow into the evaporation chamber 20. The purpose of connecting the air source device 70 to the lower part of the evaporation chamber 20 is to provide an upward airflow by guiding an air source below the evaporation chamber 20. This airflow helps to increase the evaporation rate of the waste liquid, further increasing the contact time between the droplets and the air, thereby enhancing the evaporation efficiency.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the air source device 70 includes a heating unit to heat the airflow into a hot airflow. When the heated airflow enters the evaporation chamber 20, the hot airflow undergoes heat and mass exchange with tiny droplets atomized through the nozzle 30. The micro-droplets absorb heat and evaporate into water vapor, while the air temperature drops slightly, and the droplets transform into gas, completing the evaporation process. As evaporation proceeds, the relative humidity of the air gradually increases because more moisture (vapor) is released into the air, eventually forming carrier air. This carrier air contains a large amount of water vapor, has high humidity, and carries the moisture released during the evaporation process.

[0055] The heating unit can specifically be a waste heat recovery unit from a power plant. This unit utilizes waste heat generated by the power plant, saving energy and effectively leveraging its resources. The heated airflow enters the evaporation chamber 20 from the bottom, exchanging heat with the micro-mist droplets ejected from the nozzle 30, accelerating the evaporation of the droplets. This heated airflow increases the air temperature, thereby increasing the thermal energy within the evaporation chamber 20 and further promoting the evaporation of moisture from the waste liquid.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present invention, the connection point between the air source device 70 and the evaporation chamber 20 is higher than the bottom of the evaporation chamber 20. This prevents water from accumulating at the bottom and entering the air source device 70. During the waste liquid evaporation process, water may accumulate at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 20 due to condensation or water vapor backflow. If the connection point between the air source device 70 and the evaporation chamber 20 is located at the bottom, water can easily enter the air source device 70, affecting its normal operation. Designing the connection point of the air source device 70 higher than the bottom of the evaporation chamber 20 ensures that the air source device 70 does not directly contact the water at the bottom, thus avoiding malfunctions or reduced efficiency caused by water entering the device. The elevated design can prevent malfunctions of the air source device 70 caused by water or moisture. For example, water accumulation may cause short circuits in the internal circuitry of the air source device 70 or malfunctions in the heating element. By raising the connection point above the water level at the bottom, such risks can be effectively reduced, improving the service life and reliability of the equipment.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a return pipe 60 is provided at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 20, and the return pipe 60 is connected to the storage tank 10. Unevaporated waste liquid in the evaporation chamber 20 falls to the bottom and finally re-enters the storage tank 10 to form a cycle. During the evaporation process, some waste liquid, due to incomplete evaporation or large droplets that cannot be completely suspended in the airflow, will eventually fall naturally to the bottom of the evaporation chamber 20. The return pipe 60 at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 20 is used to collect these unevaporated liquids and discharge them. The return pipe 60 is directly connected to the storage tank 10 to realize automatic recycling of waste liquid. In this way, the unevaporated liquid falling to the bottom of the evaporation chamber 20 does not need to be manually discharged, but automatically returns to the storage tank 10, mixes with the newly entered liquid, and re-enters the spray system to participate in evaporation. Through the return system, the incompletely evaporated waste liquid is not wasted, nor does it remain at the bottom for a long time, causing pollution or scaling. Instead, it flows back to the storage tank 10 to participate in the treatment process again, forming an efficient, continuous, and environmentally friendly recycling process.

[0058] like Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a first control valve 61 is provided on the return pipeline 60. The first control valve 61 can adjust the liquid flow rate in the return pipeline 60. By adjusting this valve, the return speed and amount of unevaporated waste liquid can be controlled, avoiding excessive or insufficient return liquid and ensuring the normal operation of the evaporation system. The valve can be adjusted automatically or manually according to the required evaporation efficiency and return conditions, improving system flexibility. If used in conjunction with a liquid level sensor, the first control valve 61 can be connected to the liquid level signal to achieve automatic adjustment. When the liquid at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 20 accumulates to a certain amount, the control valve automatically opens to adjust the return liquid flow rate, ensuring stable system operation. At the same time, the control valve can be dynamically adjusted according to parameters such as waste liquid concentration and return liquid volume, improving the degree of automation.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the evaporation chamber 20 is higher than the liquid level in the storage tank 10. This design effectively prevents backflow of waste liquid due to the liquid level difference when the return pipe 60 is stopped or the return valve is closed. The liquid level difference ensures that the liquid can only flow to the storage tank 10 under gravity, and will not flow back to the evaporation chamber 20 due to a rise in the liquid level in the storage tank 10, thereby avoiding cross-contamination and control difficulties within the system. This design facilitates the smooth return of waste liquid to the storage tank 10 through the return pipe 60, allowing for effective recovery of unevaporated liquid without accumulation in the evaporation chamber 20. Especially during frequent operation of the evaporation chamber 20, this ensures that the system can achieve stable waste liquid recovery and reuse over a long period.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown in one embodiment of the present invention, a filter device 22 is provided at the exhaust port 21 to filter liquid droplets. This effectively prevents liquid droplets from being carried into the chimney, ensuring continuous operation and environmental safety. During the evaporation of waste liquid, the airflow carries water vapor and fine droplets out together. If an effective filter device 22 is not provided, these droplets may enter the chimney with the exhaust flow, causing environmental pollution or equipment damage. By providing a filter device 22 at the exhaust port 21, these droplets can be effectively captured and blocked, preventing liquid particles from being discharged into the external environment with the airflow, ensuring that emissions meet environmental protection requirements.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the filter device 22 is a PP hexagonal honeycomb inclined tube packing. The PP hexagonal honeycomb inclined tube packing adopts a honeycomb structure, which provides a large surface area, effectively increasing the filtration area and thus improving filtration efficiency. The inclined tube design allows droplets to travel a longer path during filtration, making the filtration process more thorough and ensuring that droplets are effectively intercepted and adsorbed. PP (polypropylene) material has good corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance, making it suitable for use in environments where liquids and gases mix, especially under conditions of exhaust gas emissions and liquid evaporation, maintaining stable physicochemical properties. This characteristic makes the filter device 22 less prone to aging, corrosion, or deformation during long-term use, ensuring the long-term use of the equipment.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle 30 is an atomizing nozzle. The atomizing nozzle sprays liquid into fine droplets, increasing the contact area between the liquid and the airflow. These tiny droplets can evaporate rapidly, greatly improving the efficiency of the evaporation process. Compared to a conventional nozzle 30, the atomizing nozzle can uniformly disperse the liquid, thereby significantly increasing the evaporation rate. Atomizing nozzles typically have an adjustable spray particle size function; the spray particle size can be controlled by adjusting the pressure, flow rate, or the design of the nozzle 30. Smaller droplets help increase the evaporation rate, while larger droplets are suitable for lower evaporation requirements. The system can flexibly adjust the spray intensity and particle size according to actual needs to optimize performance.

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the nozzles 30 are arranged in multiple layers, with each layer of nozzles 30 arranged at the same height. This increases the coverage area of ​​the liquid spray. Each layer of nozzles 30 can uniformly distribute atomized droplets, further expanding the surface area in contact with heated air. This large-area heat exchange significantly improves the heat exchange efficiency of the system, allowing the liquid to acquire more heat in a shorter time, thereby accelerating the evaporation process. The multi-layer spray not only provides more atomized droplets but also ensures a more uniform airflow within the evaporation chamber 20 through interaction at different layers, avoiding heat waste caused by uneven distribution. The longer contact time between the droplets and air in each layer of spray significantly improves heat exchange efficiency and reduces additional energy consumption. In the multi-layer spray scheme, the droplets form a vortex flow through the alternating spray of different spray layers, that is, the droplets flow up and down or rotate within the evaporation chamber 20. This special flow pattern allows the droplets to remain in the evaporation chamber 20 for a longer time. The extended contact time between the droplets and hot air further improves the heat exchange efficiency, ensuring optimal evaporation results.

[0064] like Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid supply pipeline 50 includes liquid supply branches 51 respectively connected to each nozzle 30, and each liquid supply branch 51 is provided with a second control valve 52. The liquid supply pipeline 50 is responsible for transporting liquid from the liquid storage source to each atomizing nozzle, and by designing multiple independent liquid supply branches 51, each branch corresponds to one nozzle 30. Each nozzle 30 is equipped with an independent liquid supply branch 51, and the liquid flow rate of each nozzle 30 can be precisely controlled as needed. By individually controlling the flow rate of each liquid supply branch 51, the spray effect of each nozzle 30 can be precisely adjusted, optimizing the uniformity of the spray and the overall performance of the system.

[0065] Through the second control valve 52, the system operator can flexibly adjust the liquid supply of each nozzle 30 according to actual needs. For example, in areas requiring stronger evaporation, the liquid flow rate of some nozzles 30 can be increased; while in areas with lower evaporation demand, the flow rate can be appropriately reduced. This design provides great convenience for precise system control. Combined with the automated control system, the second control valve 52 can automatically adjust the liquid supply according to real-time system requirements, ensuring that the entire evaporation process operates under optimal conditions. For example, if the system detects that the temperature in certain areas is too low, the control system can automatically adjust the liquid flow rate of the corresponding nozzles 30 to improve the evaporation efficiency in those areas. The precise adjustment of the second control valve 52 allows the liquid supply of each nozzle 30 to be adjusted in real time according to changes in working conditions. Through this highly precise control, the system can adapt to different operating conditions, ensuring uniform liquid distribution, thereby optimizing the efficiency and stability of the entire evaporation process.

[0066] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the evaporation chamber 20 is a cylindrical structure, and the nozzle 30 is disposed on the wall of the cylindrical structure. Compared with other shapes of evaporation chambers 20, the cylindrical structure has better hydrodynamic performance. This structure can reduce airflow resistance, ensure smoother airflow, and improve overall evaporation efficiency. At the same time, the cylindrical shape also helps to evenly distribute airflow and droplets, avoiding dead zones or insufficient evaporation in certain areas. The inner wall of the cylindrical structure provides a larger installation area for the nozzles 30, allowing the nozzles 30 to be distributed more evenly, thereby improving the coverage effect of the spray. Each nozzle 30 can evenly spray droplets over a wider area, increasing the contact area with hot air and evaporation efficiency.

[0067] like Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of nozzles 30 are arranged in a ring array around the axis of the evaporation chamber 20. The main advantage of this design is that the nozzles 30 can be evenly distributed on the sidewalls of the evaporation chamber 20. The spray droplets are evenly sprayed into the air within the evaporation chamber 20 through the nozzles 30, ensuring uniform droplet distribution and avoiding unstable evaporation effects caused by uneven spraying. The ring arrangement of the nozzles 30 creates a swirling flow of the spray, which facilitates sufficient contact between the droplets and the hot air. The droplets are sprayed downwards from the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 20, and after falling under the influence of the airflow, rise with the air, forming a rotating, ring-shaped structure. This swirling flow not only prolongs the residence time of the droplets within the evaporation chamber 20 but also increases the contact opportunities between the droplets and the hot air, thereby significantly improving evaporation efficiency. Through the swirling flow, the movement time of the droplets within the evaporation chamber 20 is significantly extended. During the process of the droplets falling and rising with the air, the contact time between the droplets and the heated air is effectively extended, making the evaporation process more thorough. In this way, even smaller droplets have enough time to absorb heat and evaporate completely.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the angle between the projection of the spray direction of the nozzle 30 onto the horizontal plane and the normal of the evaporation chamber 20 where the nozzle 30 is located is 10°-60°. The spray direction of the nozzle 30 refers to the direction of the liquid sprayed from the nozzle 30 in space. The angle between this direction and the tangent of the evaporation chamber 20 is the angle between the location of the nozzle 30 and the tangent of the outer wall of the evaporation chamber 20 on the horizontal plane. The selection of this angle directly affects the diffusion mode of the spray and the flow state of the airflow. This angle design range can effectively control the direction of liquid spraying, preventing droplets from falling vertically along the wall, thereby achieving a more uniform spraying effect. Especially in systems with complex airflow, this angle can adjust the coverage area of ​​the spray and the falling speed of the droplets, further optimizing the evaporation efficiency. The angle design of the spray direction of the nozzle 30 can effectively affect the distribution of the liquid after atomization within the evaporation chamber 20. Smaller angles (e.g., 10°-20°) allow droplets to spread more directly along the wall, while larger angles (e.g., 50°-60°) allow droplets to form a wider coverage area in the air. By appropriately selecting the angle range, it is possible to ensure that the spray is evenly distributed within the evaporation chamber 20, thereby improving the overall evaporation effect.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, the angle between the projection of the spray direction of the nozzle 30 onto the horizontal plane and the normal of the evaporation chamber 20 where the nozzle 30 is located is 30°-40°, specifically 36°. Choosing an angle of 36° allows for an ideal balance between liquid spraying and airflow. This angle ensures that droplets disperse quickly after spraying, avoiding excessive concentration in a specific area, and also facilitates sufficient contact between droplets and hot air, increasing the evaporation rate. The angle between the spray direction of the nozzle 30 and the normal affects the relative movement of the spray droplets and the airflow within the evaporation chamber 20. When the angle is between 30° and 40°, the droplets not only distribute relatively evenly within the evaporation chamber 20 but also interact well with the rising airflow, increasing the contact time between the droplets and hot air, thus improving evaporation efficiency. A well-designed angle between the nozzle 30 and the normal ensures sufficient evaporation of the droplets during airflow, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. An angle that is too small may cause excessive droplet concentration, preventing sufficient contact with air, while an angle that is too large may result in overly dispersed droplets, reducing evaporation efficiency. By optimizing the angle to 36°, a balance can be effectively struck between spray distribution and heat exchange efficiency.

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the spray direction of the nozzle 30 forms an angle of less than 60° with the horizontal plane. The angle between the spray direction of the nozzle 30 and the horizontal plane determines the angle of the droplet spray and its trajectory in the evaporation chamber 20. Generally, a smaller spray angle helps the droplets to spread better along the wall of the evaporation chamber 20, enhancing contact with the air. A larger spray angle can expand the distribution range of the spray, increase airflow turbulence within the evaporation chamber 20, and promote evaporation efficiency. The goal of designing the spray direction to have an angle of less than 60° with the horizontal plane is to avoid the droplets being too concentrated or too dispersed. If the angle is too large, the droplets will quickly leave the nozzle 30 and spread rapidly, resulting in insufficient effective contact with the hot air and reduced evaporation efficiency. If the angle is too small, the sprayed droplets may be too concentrated, thus affecting evaporation efficiency. By controlling the angle to around 30°, it can be ensured that the droplets spread at a moderate angle and speed, thereby maximizing heat exchange. The spray angle design of less than 60° can adapt to a variety of different operating conditions, especially under conditions of high airflow velocity or large temperature variations. This design ensures uniform spray distribution and efficient evaporation. The selection of the spray angle guarantees that the system maintains high stability and efficiency under different operating conditions.

[0071] In one embodiment of the present invention, the spray direction of the nozzle 30 forms an angle of 25°-35° with the horizontal plane. 30° is considered an optimal design. The main reason for choosing this angle is to balance the diffusion of the spray and the efficiency of airflow. At a 30° angle, the droplets diffuse downwards at a moderate angle after spraying, effectively increasing the contact area with hot air and thus improving evaporation efficiency. When the nozzle 30 sprays at a 30° angle, the spray direction of the droplets is slightly inclined relative to the horizontal plane, preventing the droplets from concentrating and falling. This angle allows the droplets to diffuse at an appropriate speed and direction within the evaporation chamber 20, enhancing the uniformity of droplet distribution within the evaporation chamber 20. This is crucial for improving the overall evaporation efficiency of the system. At a 30° spray angle, the sprayed droplets form an appropriate angle with the rising airflow, contributing to airflow turbulence. This design increases the contact time between the droplets and hot air, allowing heat to be effectively transferred to the droplets and improving evaporation efficiency. Compared to larger angles, a 30° spray angle helps prevent the droplets from becoming too dispersed, thus reducing the effectiveness of heat transfer. A 30° spray angle prevents excessive droplet diffusion due to an excessively large angle, avoids droplets flowing back to the bottom of the evaporation chamber 20, and reduces condensation of droplets on the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 20. This makes the entire evaporation process more stable and avoids efficiency fluctuations caused by uneven distribution.

[0072] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the storage tank 10 is connected to an inlet pipe 80, which is used to transport waste liquid into the storage tank 10 to replenish the evaporated waste liquid. The inlet pipe 80 serves as a waste liquid replenishment channel connected to the storage tank 10, forming a continuous operation system. Its core function is to dynamically replenish an equal amount of waste liquid during the continuous consumption of waste liquid in the evaporation process to maintain a stable liquid level in the storage tank 10 and ensure the constant spray flow of the nozzle 30. For example, when the vortex atomization in the evaporation chamber 20 accelerates the conversion of waste liquid into a gas phase, the liquid level in the storage tank 10 drops, triggering an automatic replenishment mechanism. New waste liquid is pumped in through the inlet pipe 80, enabling the device to achieve continuous evaporation operation without stopping the machine.

[0073] This design incorporates a closed-loop control mechanism linking evaporation rate and replenishment, significantly improving the continuity and efficiency of the unit's operation. Compared to traditional batch replenishment methods, it avoids the heat loss and operational risks caused by frequent start-ups and shutdowns; at the same time, the closed-loop transport path (entirely enclosed from liquid inlet to exhaust) ensures that radioactive materials are under full control, eliminating the risk of environmental leakage and significantly saving on manual operation and system restart costs.

[0074] In one embodiment of the present invention, a humidity sensor is provided on the outside of the exhaust port 21. This humidity sensor allows for real-time monitoring of the air humidity near the exhaust port 21 of the evaporation chamber 20. This is crucial because humidity is a key factor affecting the evaporation efficiency of waste liquid and the quality of exhaust gas emissions. If the emitted exhaust gas contains excessive droplets or moisture, it can cause airflow obstruction, condensation, and other problems, thus affecting the system's operating efficiency. To ensure that the exhaust gas entering the chimney does not experience droplet condensation, the design goal is to ensure that the absolute humidity of the air at the exhaust port 21 of the evaporation chamber 20 is lower than the saturation humidity of the air inside the chimney. Excessive humidity can lead to more droplets in the airflow, further affecting the quality of exhaust gas emissions. When the humidity of the air at the exhaust port 21 is controlled at a low level, condensation or dew formation in the exhaust gas can be effectively avoided, ensuring smooth airflow and reducing negative impacts on equipment and the environment.

[0075] The system monitors local ambient air quality changes in real time and adjusts air supply flow, wastewater discharge, and heating temperature accordingly to achieve high-efficiency wastewater evaporation. Ambient humidity and temperature are dynamic, especially in different seasons, time periods, or regions, where the external environment significantly impacts the evaporation process. By monitoring local ambient air quality changes in real time using humidity sensors, the system can automatically adjust control parameters based on actual conditions to ensure the wastewater evaporation process remains optimal.

[0076] By monitoring humidity data, the control system can achieve precise parameter adjustments. This not only improves evaporation efficiency but also effectively reduces energy consumption. For example, when humidity is high, the system can accelerate evaporation by increasing the airflow or raising the heating temperature; while when humidity is low, these parameters can be appropriately reduced to save energy and ensure stable system operation.

[0077] In the above scheme, during operation, the waste liquid to be discharged is pumped from the storage tank 10 by the transfer pump 40 and regulated by the second control valve 52 before being sent to the nozzle 30. The nozzle 30 atomizes the waste liquid into fine droplets, and the spray forms a swirling flow. The droplets first vortex downwards and then vortex upwards with the inlet air. The droplets and the carrier air undergo sufficient heat and mass transfer within the evaporation chamber 20. After the waste liquid evaporates, it enters the carrier air and is finally discharged from the top of the evaporation chamber 20. The unevaporated waste liquid in the evaporation chamber 20 falls to the bottom and finally re-enters the storage tank 10 to form a cycle.

[0078] In summary, this invention significantly improves wastewater discharge efficiency through low-pressure vortex spray evaporation technology. The spiral flow formed by the coordinated spraying of multiple nozzles 30 enhances the gas-liquid contact and mass transfer process. Combined with the cylindrical evaporation chamber 20 structure and the annular nozzle array design, it achieves uniform atomization of wastewater and thorough mixing of airflow, greatly increasing the evaporation rate. Compared with traditional solutions, it eliminates secondary radioactive waste generated by cloth adsorption and avoids the bottleneck of high-pressure equipment by operating in a low-pressure mode, reducing system complexity and failure risk. The high-level reflux design of the evaporation chamber 20, combined with dynamic liquid replenishment, forms a closed-loop system, achieving zero-residue recovery of unevaporated wastewater. The anti-backflow structure at the air inlet and the exhaust filter 22 ensure that radioactive materials are controlled throughout the process, preventing environmental leakage. At the same time, the waste heat recovery heating unit and the intelligent humidity control system work together to optimize energy consumption, achieving low-energy operation while ensuring the cleanliness of the discharge. The overall device takes into account high reliability, low maintenance requirements, and strong environmental adaptability, providing a safe and efficient wastewater discharge path for inland nuclear power plants lacking receiving water bodies.

[0079] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

[0080] Throughout this description, numerous specific details, such as examples of components and / or methods, are provided to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details or by other devices, systems, components, methods, parts, materials, components, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations have not been specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the invention.

[0081] Throughout this specification, the terms "an embodiment," "embodiment," or "specific embodiment" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment that is included in at least one embodiment of the invention, but not necessarily in all embodiments. Therefore, the various representations of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," or "in a specific embodiment" in different places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic of any specific embodiment of the invention can be combined with one or more other embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that other variations and modifications of the embodiments of the invention described and illustrated herein may be based on the teachings herein and will be considered part of the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0082] It should also be understood that one or more of the elements shown in the figures may be implemented in a more separate or more integrated manner, or may even be removed because they are inoperable in certain circumstances or provided because they may be useful for a particular application.

[0083] Furthermore, unless otherwise expressly stated, any arrows in the accompanying drawings should be considered illustrative only and not limiting. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, the term "or" as used herein is generally intended to mean "and / or". Where a term is anticipated to provide a separation or combination capability that is unclear, a combination of components or steps will also be considered as indicated.

[0084] As used herein and throughout the claims below, unless otherwise specified, “a” and “the” include the plural references. Similarly, as used herein and throughout the claims below, unless otherwise specified, “in” means “in” and “on”.

[0085] The above description of the embodiments shown in this invention (including the content set forth in the abstract of the specification) is not intended to be an exhaustive enumeration or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed herein. Although specific embodiments and examples of the invention have been described herein for illustrative purposes only, various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention, as will be recognized and understood by those skilled in the art. As indicated, these modifications can be made to the invention in accordance with the above description of the embodiments described herein, and such modifications will be within the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0086] This document has generally described the systems and methods in detail to aid in understanding the invention. Furthermore, various specific details have been set forth to provide a general understanding of embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the invention can be practiced without one or more specific details, or using other means, systems, accessories, methods, components, materials, parts, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, and / or operations have not been specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the invention.

[0087] Therefore, although the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments thereof, freedom of modification, various changes and substitutions are also within the scope of the foregoing disclosure, and it should be understood that in some cases, certain features of the invention may be adopted without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention and without corresponding use of other features. Thus, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular environment or material to the essential scope and spirit of the invention. The invention is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology used in the following claims and / or the specific embodiments disclosed as the best mode for carrying out the invention, but the invention will include any and all embodiments and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the invention will be defined only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A waste liquid discharge device, characterized in that, The waste liquid discharge device includes: A liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank being used to store waste liquid; An evaporation chamber, wherein an exhaust port is provided at the upper end of the evaporation chamber; Multiple nozzles are provided, and the multiple nozzles are disposed in the evaporation chamber. The nozzles are connected to the liquid storage tank through a liquid supply pipeline. A delivery pump is installed on the liquid supply pipeline; The nozzles are positioned so that the water jets from them are directed toward the interior of the evaporation chamber, and the nozzles are configured such that the water jets from them along the jet direction can form a vortex.

2. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an air source device connected to the lower part of the evaporation chamber to provide an upward airflow into the evaporation chamber.

3. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air source device includes a heating unit to heat the airflow into a hot airflow.

4. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connection point between the air source device and the evaporation chamber is higher than the bottom of the evaporation chamber.

5. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A reflux pipe is provided at the bottom of the evaporation chamber, and the reflux pipe is connected to the liquid storage tank.

6. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A first control valve is installed on the return pipeline.

7. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the evaporation chamber is higher than the liquid level in the storage tank.

8. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A filter device is installed at the exhaust port to filter liquid droplets.

9. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The filtration device is a PP hexagonal honeycomb inclined tube packing.

10. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle is a low-pressure atomizing nozzle.

11. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzles are arranged in multiple layers, with each layer of nozzles at the same height.

12. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid supply pipeline includes a liquid supply branch connected to each nozzle, and a second control valve is provided on each of the liquid supply branches.

13. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporation chamber is a cylindrical structure, and the nozzle is disposed on the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical structure.

14. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The plurality of nozzles are arranged in a ring array around the axis of the evaporation chamber.

15. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The angle between the projection of the nozzle's spray direction onto the horizontal plane and the normal to the evaporation chamber at the nozzle's location is 10°-60°.

16. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The angle between the projection of the nozzle's spray direction onto the horizontal plane and the normal to the evaporation chamber at the nozzle's location is 30°-40°.

17. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The nozzle's spray direction forms an angle of less than 60° with the horizontal plane.

18. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 17, characterized in that, The nozzle's spray direction forms an angle of 25°-35° with the horizontal plane.

19. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage tank is connected to an inlet pipe, which is used to transport waste liquid into the storage tank.

20. The waste liquid discharge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A humidity sensor is installed on the outside of the exhaust port.

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