Self-drying type biomass particle granulating device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of granulation devices, and particularly relates to a self-drying biomass particle granulation device which comprises a bottom plate, a shell fixed to the top of the bottom plate, a transmission box fixed in the shell, a barrel fixed to the top of the shell, a discharging plate installed on the outer wall of the barrel, a motor fixed to the side of the transmission box, and a granulation disc connected to an output shaft of the transmission box. A center shaft is further arranged in the barrel, a pair of pressing rollers is rotationally connected to the center shaft, and the temperature collecting module is used for generating a temperature fluctuation coefficient through the control module; and the current acquisition module generates a current fluctuation coefficient through the control module. The extrusion temperature of the material and the working current of the motor are monitored in real time through the temperature acquisition module and the current acquisition module, the generated temperature fluctuation coefficient and the current fluctuation coefficient are comprehensively analyzed, the evaluation coefficient is generated, the evaluation coefficient is compared with a preset reference threshold value, the heating temperature and the rotating speed of the granulation disc are flexibly adjusted, and the granulation efficiency is improved. And the stability of granulation quality is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pelletizing equipment technology, and more particularly to a self-drying biomass pelletizing device. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass energy, as a renewable and clean energy source, is of great significance for alleviating the energy crisis and protecting the environment. Biomass pellet fuel, as an important form of biomass energy, has advantages such as small size, high density, high calorific value, complete combustion, and ease of storage and transportation, and is attracting increasing attention. During the pelleting process, the temperature and humidity of the material have a significant impact on the pelleting quality. If the material temperature is too low or the humidity is too high, pelleting will be difficult, resulting in low pellet strength and easy breakage. If the material temperature is too high, the material will carbonize, affecting the calorific value and quality of the pellets. Traditional pelleting devices usually use fixed heating temperatures and pelleting disc speeds, which cannot be adjusted in real time according to the characteristics of the material and the actual situation during the pelleting process, resulting in unstable pelleting quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the technical problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a self-drying biomass pelletizing device.

[0004] The self-drying biomass pelletizing device proposed in this invention includes a base plate, a shell fixedly connected to the top of the base plate, a transmission box fixedly connected inside the shell, a cylinder with a heating component installed inside fixedly connected to the top of the shell, a discharge plate installed on the outer wall of the cylinder, a motor fixedly connected to the side of the transmission box, the motor output shaft connected to the input shaft of the transmission box, the output shaft of the transmission box connected to a pelletizing disc located inside the cylinder, a central shaft also provided inside the cylinder, a pair of pressure rollers rotatably connected to the central shaft that can roll on the surface of the pelletizing disc, and a temperature acquisition module installed on the central shaft for real-time monitoring of the material extrusion temperature and generating temperature fluctuations through a control module. The system includes a current acquisition module installed on the motor's power supply circuit to monitor the motor's operating current in real time and generate a current fluctuation coefficient via the control module. Biomass materials are loaded into the cylinder, and the motor drives the pelleting disc to rotate via a transmission box. The pelleting disc then compresses the material under the pressure rollers, causing it to fall into the pelleting disc for pelleting. During this process, the control module comprehensively analyzes the generated temperature fluctuation coefficient and current fluctuation coefficient to generate an evaluation coefficient. This evaluation coefficient is compared with a pre-set reference threshold, and the pelleting state is controlled based on the comparison results. The heating temperature and pelleting disc speed are flexibly adjusted to ensure pelleting quality.

[0005] Preferably, the heating element is a heating coil; by energizing the heating coil, the raw materials inside the cylinder can be preheated.

[0006] Preferably, the cylinder body includes a lower cylinder and an upper cylinder that can be joined together. The lower cylinder and the upper cylinder are fixed together by multiple sets of bolt assemblies. A pair of insertion ports for inserting a central shaft are opened on the side where the lower cylinder and the upper cylinder meet. A pair of clamping bolts for pressing the end of the central shaft are threaded onto the upper cylinder. The two ends of the central shaft are respectively placed into the two insertion ports on the lower cylinder, and then the upper cylinder is joined to the lower cylinder. The upper cylinder is then fixed to the lower cylinder by multiple bolt assemblies. Finally, the clamping bolts are rotated to press the end of the central shaft, thus completing the installation and facilitating disassembly.

[0007] Preferably, a connecting shaft is sleeved on the output shaft of the transmission box, the top end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the granulation disc, and a coupling sleeve is sleeved on the connecting shaft. The inner thread of the convex ring on the outer circumference of the coupling sleeve is connected to a fixing bolt that fixes the connecting shaft to the output shaft of the transmission box. The connecting shaft can be installed on the output shaft of the transmission box through the coupling sleeve and the fixing bolt, so that the transmission box can drive the granulation disc to rotate for granulation.

[0008] Preferably, a pusher plate located below the pelletizing disc is fixed to the inner circumference of the cylinder. The pusher plate is elastic and its end can contact the convex ring. After pelleting, the biomass pellets accumulate at the bottom of the cylinder. When the connecting shaft rotates, the convex ring on the coupling sleeve will periodically touch the end of the pusher plate, causing the pusher plate to deform. Then the pusher plate returns to its original shape and pushes the accumulated biomass pellets toward the discharge plate, realizing autonomous discharge.

[0009] Preferably, the output and input terminals of the temperature acquisition module and the output and input terminals of the current acquisition module are electrically connected to the input and output terminals of the control module, respectively, and the output terminal of the control module is electrically connected to the input terminal of the motor and the input terminal of the heating element, respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the control module controls the granulation state according to the comparison results through the following steps: The temperature acquisition module collects the material extrusion temperature; the current acquisition module collects the motor operating current; the control module calculates the temperature fluctuation coefficient, current fluctuation coefficient, and evaluation coefficient; if the evaluation coefficient is less than the reference threshold, the current parameters are maintained; if the evaluation coefficient is greater than or equal to the reference threshold, the heating power of the heating element is increased and the motor speed is reduced.

[0011] Preferably, the generation logic of the temperature fluctuation coefficient is as follows: The actual extrusion temperature at each moment within a set time period T during the granulation process is obtained. Based on the deviation between the actual temperature and the average temperature at each moment, the temperature fluctuation coefficient, which reflects the temperature stability, is calculated.

[0012] Preferably, the logic for generating the current fluctuation coefficient is as follows: The actual operating current of the motor at each moment within a set time period T during the granulation process is obtained. Based on the deviation between the actual current and the average current at each moment, the current fluctuation coefficient reflecting the abnormal mechanical load is calculated.

[0013] Preferably, the logic for generating the evaluation coefficients is as follows: Preset weighting coefficients are assigned to the temperature fluctuation coefficient and the current fluctuation coefficient respectively. The difference between the square of the current fluctuation coefficient and the logarithm of the temperature fluctuation coefficient is calculated and normalized by combining the sum of the weighting coefficients to generate an assessment coefficient that comprehensively reflects the process risk.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a self-drying biomass pelletizing device, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device monitors the material extrusion temperature and motor operating current in real time through temperature and current acquisition modules. The control module performs comprehensive analysis on the generated temperature fluctuation coefficient and current fluctuation coefficient to generate an evaluation coefficient. Based on the evaluation coefficient, the heating temperature and pelletizing disc speed are flexibly adjusted according to the preset reference threshold to ensure the stability of pelleting quality.

[0015] 2. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device uses an elastic pusher plate installed on the inner wall of the cylinder, which cooperates with the convex ring on the coupling sleeve. When the connecting shaft rotates, the convex ring periodically touches the end of the pusher plate, causing the pusher plate to deform and then return to its original shape, pushing the accumulated biomass pellets toward the discharge plate, thus achieving autonomous discharge without the need for additional power equipment, reducing energy consumption and equipment complexity.

[0016] 3. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device takes into account both temperature fluctuation coefficient and current fluctuation coefficient in the generation logic of the evaluation coefficient. By assigning preset weight coefficients to both and performing normalization calculations of the difference between square terms and logarithmic operations, it can more accurately reflect the process risks in the pelletizing process and provide a reliable basis for intelligent control. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the self-drying biomass pelletizing device proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the self-drying biomass pelletizing device proposed in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the temperature acquisition module of the self-drying biomass pelletizing device proposed in this invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cylindrical structure of the self-drying biomass pelletizing device proposed in this invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2A magnified structural diagram at point A; Figure 6 This is a system block diagram of the self-drying biomass pelletizing device proposed in this invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Base plate; 2. Shell; 3. Transmission box; 4. Motor; 5. Cylinder; 501. Lower cylinder; 502. Upper cylinder; 6. Granulation disc; 7. Pressure roller; 8. Discharge plate; 9. Central shaft; 10. Temperature acquisition module; 11. Current acquisition module; 12. Control module; 13. Bolt assembly; 14. Socket; 15. Clamping bolt; 16. Heating coil; 17. Connecting shaft; 18. Coupling sleeve; 19. Fixing bolt; 20. Convex ring; 21. Pusher plate. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0021] Reference Figures 1-6 A self-drying biomass pelletizing device includes a base plate 1, a shell 2 fixedly connected to the top of the base plate 1, a transmission box 3 fixedly connected inside the shell 2, a cylinder 5 with a heating component installed inside fixedly connected to the top of the shell 2, a discharge plate 8 installed on the outer wall of the cylinder 5, a motor 4 fixedly connected to the side of the transmission box 3, the output shaft of the motor 4 connected to the input shaft of the transmission box 3, the output shaft of the transmission box 3 connected to a pelletizing disc 6 located inside the cylinder 5, a central shaft 9 also provided inside the cylinder 5, a pair of pressure rollers 7 rotatably connected to the central shaft 9 and capable of rolling on the surface of the pelletizing disc 6, and further includes: Temperature acquisition module 10 is installed on central shaft 9 to monitor material extrusion temperature in real time and generate temperature fluctuation coefficient through control module 12; The current acquisition module 11 is installed on the power supply circuit of the motor 4 to monitor the operating current of the motor 4 in real time and generate the current fluctuation coefficient through the control module 12. It should be noted that the temperature acquisition module 10 can be an infrared temperature sensor (non-contact) or other device that can monitor the material extrusion temperature in real time, the current acquisition module 11 can be a Hall effect current sensor or other device that can monitor the operating current of the motor 4 in real time, and the control module 12 is an embedded controller (such as the STM32 series) that integrates data fusion algorithms. Therefore, the temperature acquisition module 10, the current acquisition module 11 and the control module 12 are not specifically limited here and can be selected according to actual needs. In use, biomass materials are loaded into cylinder 5. Motor 4 drives pelleting disc 6 to rotate through transmission box 3. Pelletizing disc 6 then squeezes the material under pressure roller 7. The material falls into the pelleting disc 6 for pelleting. During this process, control module 12 comprehensively analyzes the generated temperature fluctuation coefficient and current fluctuation coefficient to generate evaluation coefficient. The evaluation coefficient is compared with a preset reference threshold, and the pelleting state is controlled according to the comparison result. The heating temperature and the rotation speed of pelleting disc 6 are flexibly adjusted to ensure pelleting quality.

[0022] The heating element includes, but is not limited to, the heating coil 16; When in use, the heating coil 16 is energized to preheat the raw materials inside the cylinder 5.

[0023] The cylinder 5 includes a lower cylinder 501 and an upper cylinder 502 that can be connected. The lower cylinder 501 and the upper cylinder 502 are fixed together by multiple sets of bolt assemblies 13. A pair of insertion ports 14 for inserting the central shaft 9 are opened on the side where the lower cylinder 501 and the upper cylinder 502 are connected. A pair of clamping bolts 15 for clamping the end of the central shaft 9 are threaded on the upper cylinder 502. During installation, insert both ends of the central shaft 9 into the two insertion ports 14 on the lower cylinder 501, then connect the upper cylinder 502 to the lower cylinder 501, and then fix the upper cylinder 502 to the lower cylinder 501 using multiple bolt assemblies 13. Finally, rotate the clamping bolt 15 to press the end of the central shaft 9 to complete the installation and facilitate disassembly.

[0024] Among them, a connecting shaft 17 is sleeved on the output shaft of the transmission box 3, the top end of the connecting shaft 17 is fixedly connected to the granulation disc 6, a coupling sleeve 18 is sleeved on the connecting shaft 17, and a fixing bolt 19 is internally threaded on the convex ring 20 of the outer circumference of the coupling sleeve 18 to fix the connecting shaft 17 to the output shaft of the transmission box 3. In use, the connecting shaft 17 can be installed onto the output shaft of the transmission box 3 through the coupling sleeve 18 and the fixing bolt 19, so that the transmission box 3 can drive the granulation disc 6 to rotate for granulation.

[0025] Furthermore, a pusher plate 21 located below the granulation disc 6 is fixed to the inner circumference of the cylinder 5. The pusher plate 21 is elastic and its end can contact the convex ring 20. During use, the granulated biomass pellets accumulate at the bottom of the cylinder 5. When the connecting shaft 17 rotates, the protruding ring 20 on the coupling sleeve 18 will periodically touch the end of the pusher plate 21, causing the pusher plate 21 to deform. Then the pusher plate 21 returns to its original shape and pushes the accumulated biomass pellets toward the discharge plate 8, realizing autonomous discharge.

[0026] The output and input terminals of the temperature acquisition module 10 and the output and input terminals of the current acquisition module 11 are electrically connected to the input and output terminals of the control module 12, respectively. The output terminal of the control module 12 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the motor 4 and the input terminal of the heating element, respectively.

[0027] In another embodiment, the control module 12 performs a comprehensive analysis of the generated temperature fluctuation coefficient and current fluctuation coefficient to generate an evaluation coefficient. The evaluation coefficient is then compared with a pre-set reference threshold, and the granulation state is controlled based on the comparison result as follows: Real-time monitoring: Temperature acquisition module 10 acquires the material extrusion temperature; current acquisition module 11 acquires the operating current of motor 4; Coefficient calculation: Temperature fluctuation coefficient: quantifies the uniformity of material plasticization and reflects the impact of temperature stability on granule forming quality during extrusion. By suppressing Tσ, it ensures that the material is continuously extruded within the optimal glass transition temperature range. When Tσ approaches 0, temperature fluctuations are minimal, resulting in uniform heating and sufficient plasticization of the material, leading to high granule density and complete forming (ideal state). When Tσ is significantly greater than 0, temperature fluctuates drastically, resulting in localized overheating or underheating, and granules become brittle or have uneven moisture content (root cause of quality defects). The generation logic for the temperature fluctuation coefficient is as follows: S1. The actual extrusion temperature of the material at different times during the granulation process is obtained through the temperature acquisition module 10, and the actual extrusion temperature obtained at time p within the time T is calibrated as... , , It is a positive integer; S2. Calculate the temperature fluctuation coefficient. The expression for the calculation is: In the formula, The average extrusion temperature over time T; The number of samples taken within time T.

[0028] Current fluctuation coefficient: Characterizes abnormal mechanical load, revealing changes in rotational resistance caused by material blockage, sudden changes in humidity, or hard object jamming. By suppressing Iσ, it prevents material blockage shutdowns and extends equipment life. When Iσ approaches 0, the current is stable, the meshing of the pressure roller 7 and the granulation disc 6 is smooth, and the granulation efficiency is stable. When Iσ is significantly greater than 0, there are current spikes or oscillations, material blockage / overload of the pressure roller 7, accelerated wear of the granulation disc 6, or overheating of the motor 4 (a precursor to failure). The logic for generating the current fluctuation coefficient is as follows: S1. The actual operating current of motor 4 at different times during granulation is obtained through the current acquisition module 11, and the actual operating current obtained at time q within time T is calibrated as... , , It is a positive integer; S2. Calculate the current fluctuation coefficient. The expression for the calculation is: In the formula, is the average current over time T; v is the number of samples over time T.

[0029] Assessment coefficient: Integrating the dual-dimensional risks of temperature and current, this system dynamically assesses the overall health status of the granulation process, providing a basis for control decisions. Preset weighting coefficients r1 and r2 are assigned to the temperature fluctuation coefficient and current fluctuation coefficient, respectively. The difference between the squared term of the current fluctuation coefficient and the logarithm of the temperature fluctuation coefficient, combined with the sum of the weighting coefficients, is normalized to generate an assessment coefficient that comprehensively reflects the process risk. This coefficient is then analyzed using a formula by control module 12, based on the following formula: In the formula, .

[0030] Dynamic adjustment: If : Maintain the current parameters; if Generate temperature adjustment signals and motor 4 control signals to increase the heating power of the heating element and reduce the speed of motor 4 by 10%~15% (extending the extrusion time). This is a reference threshold.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-drying biomass pelletizing device, comprising a base plate (1), characterized in that, The bottom plate (1) is fixedly connected to the top of the shell (2), and the transmission box (3) is fixedly connected inside the shell (2). The top of the shell (2) is fixedly connected to the cylinder (5) in which the heating component is installed. The discharge plate (8) is installed on the outer wall of the cylinder (5). The transmission box (3) is fixedly connected to the side of the motor (4). The output shaft of the motor (4) is connected to the input shaft of the transmission box (3). The output shaft of the transmission box (3) is connected to the granulation disc (6) located inside the cylinder (5). The cylinder (5) is also provided with a central shaft (9). A pair of pressure rollers (7) that can roll on the surface of the granulation disc (6) are rotatably connected to the central shaft (9). The cylinder (5) also includes: Temperature acquisition module (10) is installed on the central shaft (9) to monitor the material extrusion temperature in real time and generate temperature fluctuation coefficient through control module (12); The current acquisition module (11) is installed on the power supply circuit of the motor (4) to monitor the working current of the motor (4) in real time and generate the current fluctuation coefficient through the control module (12); The control module (12) performs a comprehensive analysis of the generated temperature fluctuation coefficient and current fluctuation coefficient to generate an evaluation coefficient. The evaluation coefficient is compared with a pre-set reference threshold, and the granulation state is controlled based on the comparison result.

2. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating element is a heating coil (16).

3. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder (5) includes a lower cylinder (501) and an upper cylinder (502) that can be connected. The lower cylinder (501) and the upper cylinder (502) are fixed together by multiple sets of bolt assemblies (13). A pair of insertion ports (14) for inserting the central shaft (9) are opened on the side where the lower cylinder (501) and the upper cylinder (502) are connected. A pair of clamping bolts (15) for clamping the end of the central shaft (9) are threaded on the upper cylinder (502).

4. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A connecting shaft (17) is fitted on the output shaft of the transmission box (3). The top end of the connecting shaft (17) is fixedly connected to the granulation disc (6). A coupling sleeve (18) is fitted on the connecting shaft (17). The inner thread of the convex ring (20) on the outer circumference of the coupling sleeve (18) is connected to a fixing bolt (19) that fixes the connecting shaft (17) to the output shaft of the transmission box (3).

5. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner circumference of the cylinder (5) is fixed with a pusher plate (21) located below the granulation disc (6). The pusher plate (21) is elastic and its end can contact the convex ring (20).

6. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output and input terminals of the temperature acquisition module (10) and the output and input terminals of the current acquisition module (11) are electrically connected to the input and output terminals of the control module (12), respectively. The output terminal of the control module (12) is electrically connected to the input terminal of the motor (4) and the input terminal of the heating element, respectively.

7. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module (12) executes the following steps to control the granulation state based on the comparison results: Temperature acquisition module (10) acquires material extrusion temperature; current acquisition module (11) acquires motor (4) working current; control module (12) calculates temperature fluctuation coefficient, current fluctuation coefficient and evaluation coefficient; if the evaluation coefficient is less than the reference threshold, maintain the current parameters; if the evaluation coefficient is greater than or equal to the reference threshold, increase the heating power of the heating element and reduce the speed of motor (4).

8. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generation logic of the temperature fluctuation coefficient is as follows: The actual extrusion temperature at each moment within a set time period T during the granulation process is obtained. Based on the deviation between the actual temperature and the average temperature at each moment, the temperature fluctuation coefficient, which reflects the temperature stability, is calculated.

9. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The logic for generating the current fluctuation coefficient is as follows: The actual operating current of the motor at each moment within a set time period T during the granulation process is obtained. Based on the deviation between the actual current and the average current at each moment, the current fluctuation coefficient reflecting the abnormal mechanical load is calculated.

10. The self-drying biomass pelletizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The logic for generating the evaluation coefficients is as follows: Preset weighting coefficients are assigned to the temperature fluctuation coefficient and the current fluctuation coefficient respectively. The difference between the square of the current fluctuation coefficient and the logarithm of the temperature fluctuation coefficient is calculated and normalized by combining the sum of the weighting coefficients to generate an assessment coefficient that comprehensively reflects the process risk.

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