Square box and floating bag combined floating breakwater

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, in particular to a square box and floating bag combined type floating breakwater. The breakwater comprises a square box, a floating bag, a connecting piece and two mooring devices. The floating bag comprises an air bag, a water absorption layer and a water filtering protection cover, the air bag is provided with an air valve, the water absorption layer is attached to the outer surface of the air bag, and the water filtering protection cover is provided with small water filtering holes and sleeved outside the air bag with the water absorption layer. Two functional connecting points of the water filtering protective cover are connected with one mooring device and one connecting piece respectively, and the side, away from the connecting piece, of the square box is connected with the other mooring device. The water absorbing layer can absorb water to increase weight so as to adjust the immersion depth of the floating bag, and squeeze water to reduce weight during recovery; the water filtering protection cover protects the internal structure and controls water flow to assist in adjusting buoyancy; the two mooring devices guarantee overall stability and storm resistance. The breakwater is suitable for different sea conditions, convenient to operate, high in stability and suitable for protection scenes such as ports and wharfs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a floating breakwater consisting of a square box and a float. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of hydraulic engineering, floating breakwaters play a crucial role in protecting ports, wharves, waterways, and coastal facilities from wave impact. Common box-type floating breakwaters primarily rely on wave reflection from their wave-facing surfaces to dissipate energy, offering certain advantages such as good stability under strong winds and waves, and the ability to effectively disrupt the movement of water particles to reduce wave energy. However, the submersion depth of the box-type breakwater is typically 1.5-4.0m, a limited depth that makes it difficult to effectively interfere with the energy of the middle and lower water layers. When facing long-period waves (period > 6 seconds), the energy distribution of long-period waves is more uniform across the entire water depth range, significantly increasing the transmission coefficient (Ct) of the box-type floating breakwater and drastically reducing its wave-dissipating effect, thus failing to meet the protection requirements for long-period waves.

[0003] To improve the wave-dissipating performance of floating breakwaters against long-period waves, float structures are often added to the existing floating breakwater. Float structures are generally made of rubber and can be filled with water or air. They offer advantages such as low structural weight, convenient transportation, and on-site assembly and disassembly, making them highly mobile. When combined with a box-shaped structure, they enhance the overall extensibility of the wave-facing equipment, which is extremely beneficial for reducing long waves, while also compensating for the weakness of float structures when used alone in directly resisting wind and wave impacts. However, traditional float structures often use air bladders with counterweights to ensure the required draft. This method faces difficulties in the later recovery of the counterweights, increasing maintenance costs and operational complexity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problem of difficulties in counterweight recovery when using airbags and counterweights in existing technologies, this invention provides a floating breakwater combining a box and floats.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A floating breakwater combining a box and floats includes a box, floats, connectors connecting the box and floats, and two sets of mooring devices to fix the overall structure. The floats include an air bladder, a water-absorbing layer, and a water-filtering protective cover. The air bladder is equipped with an air valve, and the water-absorbing layer is tightly fitted to the outer surface of the air bladder. The water-filtering protective cover has small filtration holes on its wall and is fitted over the air bladder covered with the water-absorbing layer. The outer periphery of the water-filtering protective cover has two functional connection points. One connection point connects to an independent mooring device, and the other connection point connects to the box via the connectors. The side of the box furthest from the connectors connects to another set of mooring devices.

[0006] Furthermore, two protruding rigid connecting plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the water filter protective cover; the mooring device includes an anchor chain, a cable, a shackle, and a fixed lifting lug. The fixed lifting lug is installed on the rigid connecting plate on the side of the water filter protective cover away from the box, the shackle is hinged to the fixed lifting lug, one end of the cable is connected to the shackle, and the other end is connected to the anchor chain.

[0007] Furthermore, a force sensor is installed on the cable.

[0008] Furthermore, the force sensor is an S-type force sensor.

[0009] Furthermore, the connecting component includes a pad, a connecting hook, a connecting rod, and a universal coupling. The pad is fixed to the rigid connecting plate on the side of the filter protective cover near the square box by bolts. The connecting hook is installed on the pad. One end of the connecting rod is hinged to the connecting hook, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the square box through the universal coupling.

[0010] Furthermore, the float is cylindrical in its inflated state, and the filter cover is cylindrical in shape to match the inflated state of the float, with the inner diameter of the filter cover matching the outer diameter of the float.

[0011] Furthermore, the axial direction of the water filter protective cover is parallel to the width direction of the square box, so that the water filter protective cover is arranged in parallel with the square box as a whole.

[0012] Advantages and positive effects of the present invention: This invention utilizes an absorbent layer to absorb seawater, increasing its weight and adjusting its draft, thus maintaining a stable posture of the float under different sea conditions and better coping with wave impacts. When recovery is needed, the water stored in the absorbent layer is squeezed out, reducing the weight of the float and facilitating operation. The filter cover not only protects the internal airbag and absorbent layer, but its filter holes also allow for proper control of water flow while ensuring structural stability, thus assisting in adjusting the float's buoyancy.

[0013] In addition, the two sets of mooring devices are connected to the water filter cover and the square box respectively, ensuring the stability of the entire breakwater structure in the water and effectively resisting the impact of wind and waves. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front view of a floating breakwater combining a box and a float, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a side view of a floating breakwater consisting of a box and a float, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the lifting lugs and hooks of a floating breakwater combining a square box and a float, provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure of the square box and universal coupling of a floating breakwater combining a square box and a float, provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a line graph comparing the wave transmission coefficients of the box and the box-float system at a 0.75 wavelength floating body spacing in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 01, anchor chain; 02, shackle; 03, cable; 04, force sensor; 05, fixed lifting lug; 06, square box; 07, pad plate; 08, universal coupling; 09, connecting rod; 10, connecting hook; 11, rigid connecting plate; 12, water-absorbing layer; 13, airbag; 14, air valve; 15, water filter protective cover. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] This invention provides a floating breakwater combining a box and floats, such as... Figures 1-2 As shown, the structure includes a box 06, a float, a connector connecting the box 06 and the float, and two sets of mooring devices to fix the overall structure. The float includes an air bladder 13, a water-absorbing layer 12, and a water-filtering protective cover 15. An air valve 14 is installed on the air bladder 13, and the water-absorbing layer 12 is tightly fitted to the outer surface of the air bladder 13. The water-filtering protective cover 15 has small water-filtering holes on its wall and is fitted over the air bladder 13, which is covered by the water-absorbing layer 12. Two functional connection points are provided on the outer periphery of the water-filtering protective cover 15. One functional connection point connects to an independent mooring device, and the other functional connection point is connected to the box 06 via the connector. The side of the box 06 furthest from the connector connects to another set of mooring devices. The axial direction of the water-filtering protective cover 15 is parallel to the width direction of the box 06, ensuring that the water-filtering protective cover 15 is arranged parallel to the box 06.

[0023] The breakwater's square box 06 serves as a rigid main body. Relying on its own weight and water depth, it disrupts the trajectory of water particles in short-period waves through wave-facing reflection and box-body obstruction, thus achieving initial energy dissipation of short-period waves. The float is a flexible-rigid composite structure, including an air-filled bladder 13, a water-absorbing layer 12, and a water-filtering protective cover 15. Its cylindrical inflatable shape is arranged parallel to the square box 06, which can cover the middle and upper water layers that the square box 06 cannot reach. Through the vibration and deformation of the float itself and the energy absorption of the water-absorbing layer 12, it further weakens the energy of long-period waves.

[0024] The float achieves adaptive adjustment of buoyancy and draft through the absorbent layer 12 and the filter protective cover 15: In the working state, seawater enters through the filter holes of the filter protective cover 15 and is absorbed by the absorbent layer 12, which is closely attached to the outer surface of the airbag 13. The increased weight of the absorbent layer 12 causes the float to sink, adjusting to the optimal draft and ensuring precise matching with the wave energy distribution area; In the recovery state, the stored seawater can be discharged by squeezing the absorbent layer 12, reducing the overall weight of the float. At the same time, air is released through the air valve 14 of the airbag 13, which greatly reduces the volume of the float, making it easier to transport and recover. This replaces the traditional "counterweight adjustment" method of floats and solves the problem of difficult counterweight recovery.

[0025] The float is cylindrical when inflated, and the filter cover 15 is cylindrical to match the inflated shape of the float, with the inner diameter of the filter cover 15 matching the outer diameter of the float.

[0026] After inflation, the float bladder becomes cylindrical. Its regular geometric shape allows the wave impact force to be evenly distributed along the circumference of the float bladder, avoiding damage to the air bladder 13 caused by localized stress concentration. At the same time, the water filter protective cover 15 adopts a cylindrical design that matches the float bladder, and its inner diameter is precisely matched with the outer diameter of the float bladder. It can tightly wrap around and cover the air bladder 13 covering the water-absorbing layer 12, forming an integrated support structure of "float bladder-protective cover". This adaptability can effectively limit the excessive deformation of the float bladder under the action of waves, reduce problems such as the water-absorbing layer 12 falling off and the air bladder 13 leaking due to shape distortion, and enable the float bladder to maintain a stable working shape under strong wind and wave conditions.

[0027] like Figures 1-3As shown, two protruding rigid connecting plates 11 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the filter protection cover 15. The mooring device includes an anchor chain 01, a cable 03, a shackle 02, and a fixed lifting lug 05. The fixed lifting lug 05 is installed on the rigid connecting plate 11 on the side of the filter protection cover 15 away from the square box 06. The shackle 02 is hinged to the fixed lifting lug 05. One end of the cable 03 is connected to the shackle 02, and the other end is connected to the anchor chain 01. A force sensor 04 is installed on the cable 03. The force sensor 04 is an S-type force sensor. The special "S-shaped" structure of the S-type force sensor 04 can achieve accurate bidirectional tension measurement and can provide real-time feedback on the force changes of the cable 03. When the force exceeds the preset safety threshold, a timely warning can be issued through the matching visualization device to prevent the float from becoming uncontrollable due to the cable 03 breaking due to overload. like Figures 1-2 and Figure 4 As shown, the connecting components include a pad 07, a connecting hook 10, a connecting rod 09, and a universal coupling 08. The pad 07 is fixed to the rigid connecting plate 11 on the side of the filter protective cover 15 near the square box 06 by bolts. The connecting hook 10 is installed on the pad 07. One end of the connecting rod 09 is hinged to the connecting hook 10, and the other end of the connecting rod 09 is connected to the square box 06 through the universal coupling 08.

[0028] Working Principle: The rectangular box 06, by virtue of its own weight and water depth, disrupts the trajectory of short-period wave particles through reflection from its wave-facing surface and obstruction by the box body, thus achieving initial energy dissipation of short-period waves. Meanwhile, the cylindrical floats, arranged parallel to the width of the rectangular box 06, cover the upper and middle layers of water that the box 06 cannot reach. Through their own vibration, deformation, and the water-absorbing layer 12, they weaken the energy of long-period waves, achieving full-cycle wave dissipation. When the floats are in operation, seawater enters through the filter holes of the filter cover 15 and is absorbed by the water-absorbing layer 12. The increased weight from the absorbed water causes the floats to sink to the optimal draft depth matching the wave energy distribution area. During retrieval, the water-absorbing layer 12 is squeezed to drain water, and the air valve 14 deflates the airbag 13, reducing weight and volume and solving the problem of traditional counterweight retrieval. Simultaneously, the cylindrical floats can evenly disperse wave impact force, forming an integrated support structure with the cylindrical filter cover 15 with a suitable inner diameter, preventing excessive deformation of the floats and damage to components. Two sets of mooring devices are used to fix the float and the box 06 respectively. The mooring device connecting the float is stably fixed by the fixed lug 05 on the rigid connecting plate 11, the hinged shackle 02, the cable 03 and the seabed anchor chain 01. The S-shaped force sensor 04 on the cable 03 monitors the tension change in real time. When the tension exceeds the threshold, a visual warning is issued to prevent the cable from breaking and losing control. The box 06 and the float are connected by a connector. The connector is based on the pad 07 on the rigid connecting plate 11 and is flexibly connected by the connecting hook 10, the connecting rod 09 and the universal coupling 08. This allows the two to generate a certain relative movement under the action of waves, avoiding stress concentration and breakage, while maintaining a parallel wave-dissipating posture to ensure the overall wave-dissipating coordination.

[0029] like Figure 5 As shown, under normal sea state 4 and water depth of 50 meters, the wave-blocking effect of a box-buoy combination breakwater (the distance between the box and the buoy is 0.75 times the incident wavelength) and a standalone box-type breakwater are compared and analyzed for regular incident waves with a wave height of 2 meters and a period of 4-6 seconds. The wave perspective coefficient K directly reflects the breakwater's ability to block incident waves. The smaller the K value, the more incident wave energy the breakwater intercepts, the lower the wave height transmitted to the harbor or protected area, and the better the wave-blocking effect; conversely, the larger the K value, the less incident wave energy the breakwater intercepts, the higher the wave height transmitted to the harbor or protected area, and the worse the wave-blocking effect. Figure 5 The line graph clearly shows that the wave-blocking effect of the box-float combination breakwater of this application is significantly better than that of the traditional single box breakwater.

[0030] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating breakwater combining a square box and floats, characterized in that, The system includes a box (06), a float, a connector connecting the box (06) and the float, and two sets of mooring devices for fixing the overall structure. The float includes an air bladder (13), a water-absorbing layer (12), and a water-filtering protective cover (15). The air bladder (13) is equipped with an air valve (14), and the water-absorbing layer (12) is tightly attached to the outer surface of the air bladder (13). The water-filtering protective cover (15) has small water-filtering holes on its wall and is fitted over the air bladder (13) covered with the water-absorbing layer (12). The outer periphery of the water-filtering protective cover (15) has two functional connection points. One functional connection point is connected to an independent mooring device, and the other functional connection point is connected to the box (06) through a connector. The side of the box (06) away from the connector is connected to another set of mooring devices.

2. The floating breakwater combining a square box and floats as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Two protruding rigid connecting plates (11) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the water filter protective cover (15); the mooring device includes an anchor chain (01), a cable (03), a shackle (02) and a fixed lifting lug (05). The fixed lifting lug (05) is installed on the rigid connecting plate (11) on the side of the water filter protective cover (15) away from the box (06). The shackle (02) is hinged to the fixed lifting lug (05). One end of the cable (03) is connected to the shackle (02) and the other end is connected to the anchor chain (01).

3. The floating breakwater combining a square box and floats as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A force sensor (04) is installed on the cable (03).

4. A floating breakwater combining a square box and floats as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The force sensor (04) is an S-type force sensor.

5. A floating breakwater combining a square box and floats as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting components include a pad (07), a connecting hook (10), a connecting rod (09), and a universal coupling (08). The pad (07) is fixed to the rigid connecting plate (11) of the filter protective cover (15) near the square box (06) by bolts. The connecting hook (10) is installed on the pad (07). One end of the connecting rod (09) is hinged to the connecting hook (10), and the other end of the connecting rod (09) is connected to the square box (06) through the universal coupling (08).

6. A floating breakwater combining a square box and floats as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The float is cylindrical in its inflated state, and the filter cover (15) is cylindrical in shape to match the inflated state of the float, with the inner diameter of the filter cover (15) matching the outer diameter of the float.

7. A floating breakwater combining a square box and floats as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The axial direction of the water filter protective cover (15) is parallel to the width direction of the square box (06), so that the water filter protective cover (15) and the square box (06) are arranged in parallel.

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