Hanging type hydraulic support system and method for rapid tunneling of rectangular roadway

Abstract

The invention discloses a hitching type hydraulic support system and method for rapid tunneling of a rectangular roadway. The system is characterized in that a pair of upper hitching slideways and a pair of lower hitching slideways are oppositely arranged on the two sides of a tunneling machine; the pair of upper hooking guide rails is assembled in the pair of upper hooking slide ways in a sliding manner and is driven by the pair of upper driving hydraulic cylinders; the pair of lower hanging guide rails is assembled in the pair of lower hanging slideways in a sliding manner and is driven by the pair of lower driving hydraulic cylinders; the two groups of hitching bracket units are distributed on two sides of the heading machine; each group of hanging bracket unit comprises a plurality of hanging support single bodies; each hanging supporting single body comprises a fixed connecting sleeve, an upper hanging supporting mechanism and a lower hanging supporting mechanism. The method comprises the following steps: in the tunneling process, synchronously controlling the plurality of hanging support monomers to move along with the roadway, controlling the upper and lower telescopic hydraulic cylinders on the same side to extend to the position close to the side part of the roadway, and controlling the upper and lower hydraulic props to extend to the top and bottom plate of the support. The safety and efficiency requirements of rapid tunneling of the rectangular roadway can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mine roadway and tunnel engineering construction technology, specifically a hook-type hydraulic support system and method for rapid excavation of rectangular roadways. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of mining roadway and tunnel engineering, rectangular roadways are widely used in underground mining scenarios such as coal mines and metal mines due to their advantages such as high space utilization and ease of equipment installation. However, the temporary support technology during rapid tunneling has long faced multiple technical bottlenecks: traditional temporary support equipment mostly adopts a split structure independent of the tunneling machine, requiring manual handling, installation, and debugging, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and requires a large investment of labor costs. Furthermore, when the cross-sectional width of the rectangular roadway reaches 3.5-5.0m, the on-site assembly time of the support equipment increases significantly. According to engineering statistics, it takes an average of 2-3 hours to form an effective support system after tunneling operations are completed. During this period, local collapses are prone to occur at the right-angle corners of the rectangular roadway roof and sides due to stress concentration effects. Actual measurement data shows that the deformation of the surrounding rock can reach 40-60mm, seriously threatening operational safety. From a structural compatibility perspective, the right-angle contour characteristics of the rectangular roadway are significantly incompatible with the curved or trapezoidal design of traditional support devices. Therefore, traditional support devices struggle to establish a coordinated support mechanism with the tunneling machine, failing to adjust the position and orientation of the support in sync with the machine's advance. This lag prevents support and tunneling operations from proceeding simultaneously, reducing tunneling efficiency and potentially decreasing daily progress by 10-20 meters. Furthermore, the lack of targeted support in the right-angled areas of rectangular tunnel sides leads to a 20%-30% higher rate of sidewall spalling accidents compared to trapezoidal tunnels, making it difficult to meet the demands of modern rapid tunneling in terms of both support efficiency and safety. Regarding equipment reliability, existing hook-and-loop support devices generally employ rigid connection structures, which cannot effectively buffer the vibration loads during tunneling machine movement. When the tunneling machine travels in a straight line or turns within a rectangular tunnel, vibration and impact often cause bolts in the support structure to loosen and components to deform, resulting in a persistently high equipment failure rate. Moreover, traditional devices lack the ability to perceive the contour characteristics of rectangular tunnels, failing to monitor stress distribution in corner areas in real time or automatically adjust support parameters based on tunnel deformation, severely hindering rapid tunneling in rectangular tunnels.

[0003] The aforementioned problems highlight the shortcomings of existing technologies in terms of support timeliness and structural adaptability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a new support system and method that can adapt to the contour characteristics of rectangular roadways, work in coordination with tunneling machines, and has dynamic support capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a hook-on hydraulic support system and method for rapid excavation of rectangular roadways. This system features a simple structure, timely support response, high safety factor, and strong versatility. It provides ideal support for rectangular roadways, effectively adapting to their support requirements and significantly reducing the accident rate of sidewall spalling in right-angled areas. Furthermore, it boasts high support efficiency, significantly shortening support time, reducing reliance on manual labor, and effectively saving support materials. The method is highly automated, meeting the safety and efficiency requirements of rapid excavation of rectangular roadways. It also features real-time stress sensing and adaptive dynamic support functions, enabling real-time support of the surrounding rock and coordinated "excavation-support" operations during rectangular roadway excavation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a hook-type hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels, comprising a tunneling machine, an upper hook-type guide rail, a lower hook-type guide rail, an upper drive hydraulic cylinder, a lower drive hydraulic cylinder, a hook-type support unit, a hydraulic pump station, and a controller. The tunneling machine has a pair of upper connecting slides and a pair of lower connecting slides respectively at the upper and lower parts of the waistline on both sides in the width direction; the pair of upper connecting guide rails are slidably assembled in the pair of upper connecting slides; the pair of lower connecting guide rails are slidably assembled in the pair of lower connecting slides. A pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders are correspondingly set above a pair of upper hanging slides. The upper drive hydraulic cylinders are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders is fixedly connected to the tunneling machine through the upper fixed seat. The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the upper hanging guide rail through the upper connecting beam. A pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders are correspondingly set below a pair of lower hanging slides. The lower drive hydraulic cylinders are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders is fixedly connected to the tunneling machine through the lower fixed seat. The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the lower hanging guide rail through the lower connecting beam. Two sets of mounting bracket units are distributed opposite each other on both sides of the tunneling machine in the width direction; each set of mounting bracket units includes multiple mounting support units; The mounting support unit includes a fixed connecting sleeve, an upper mounting support mechanism, and a lower mounting support mechanism; the fixed connecting sleeve is vertically arranged. The upper hanging support mechanism is located above the fixed connecting seat and includes an upper hydraulic support column, an upper pressure plate, a laser scanning module, a pressure sensing module, an upper fixed connecting piece, an upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and an upper hanging connecting seat. The upper hydraulic support column is placed vertically, and the bottom of the cylinder of the upper hydraulic support column is fixedly inserted into the upper cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve. The upper pressure plate is hinged to the upper end of the upper piston column of the upper hydraulic support column. The laser scanning module is installed on one side of the upper end of the upper piston column. The pressure sensing module is installed at the connection between the upper piston column and the upper pressure plate. The upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder is arranged horizontally. The upper fixed connecting piece is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder of the upper hydraulic support column. The upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the upper fixed connecting piece. The outer fixed connecting end of the upper hanging connecting seat is fixedly fitted onto the bottom of the cylinder of the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and its inner fixed connecting end is fixedly assembled on the upper hanging guide rail. At the same time, multiple upper hanging support mechanisms in multiple hanging support units are evenly distributed along the length direction of the upper hanging guide rail. The lower hanging support mechanism is located below the fixed connecting seat and includes a lower hydraulic support column, a lower pressure plate, a lower fixed connecting member, a lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and a lower hanging connecting seat. The lower hydraulic support column is placed in an inverted vertical position, and the bottom of the cylinder of the lower hydraulic support column is fixedly inserted into the lower cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve. The lower pressure plate is hinged to the lower end of the lower piston of the lower hydraulic support column. The lower fixed connecting member is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder of the lower hydraulic support column. The lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the lower fixed connecting member. The outer fixed connecting end of the lower hanging connecting seat is fixedly fitted onto the bottom of the cylinder of the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and its inner fixed connecting end is fixedly assembled on the lower hanging guide rail. At the same time, multiple lower hanging support mechanisms in multiple hanging support units are evenly distributed along the length direction of the lower hanging guide rail. The hydraulic pump station is connected to the upper drive hydraulic cylinder, the lower drive hydraulic cylinder, the upper hydraulic support, the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder, the lower hydraulic support, and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder, respectively. The controller is connected to the laser scanning module, the pressure sensing module, and the hydraulic pump station, respectively.

[0006] Furthermore, in order to effectively adapt to the uneven surface of the top and bottom plates, and to ensure the support effect, the upper bearing plate and the upper movable column are connected by a ball joint, the rotation angle range of the ball joint is ≥±15°, and an angle locking device is provided. The lower bearing plate and the lower movable column are connected by a ball joint, the rotation angle range of the ball joint is ≥±15°, and an angle locking device is provided.

[0007] Furthermore, in order to ensure a large range of extension and retraction to improve the versatility of the system, both the upper and lower extension hydraulic cylinders are double-acting multi-stage hydraulic cylinders.

[0008] Furthermore, in order to dynamically adapt to the deformation of the roof slab and effectively resist impact forces to ensure the support effect, an upper gradient stiffness rubber pad is fitted to the upper end face of the upper bearing plate, and four upper ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its lower end face; a lower gradient stiffness rubber pad is fitted to the lower end face of the lower bearing plate, and four lower ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its upper end face; both the upper and lower gradient stiffness rubber pads are made of variable modulus polyurethane material, with a hardness range of Shore A60-90 and an elastic modulus of 2-10 MPa.

[0009] Furthermore, in order to automatically drive the laser scanning module to perform scanning operations within a set angle range, the laser scanning module is mounted on the upper end of the upper column via an electric rotating gimbal, which is connected to the controller.

[0010] Furthermore, to ensure monitoring accuracy, the pressure sensing module is a pressure sensing array, which consists of multiple distributed fiber optic stress sensors and multiple strain gauge pressure sensors. The stress sensing array is connected to the controller.

[0011] Furthermore, in order to promptly alert relevant personnel in the event of an anomaly, an alarm module is also included. The alarm module is installed on the body of the tunneling machine and connected to the controller.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to facilitate the adjustment of the spacing between two adjacent hanging support units to adapt to different support requirements, the inner fixed connection end of the upper hanging connection seat is assembled on the upper hanging guide rail through a detachable connection structure; the inner fixed connection end of the lower hanging connection seat is assembled on the lower hanging guide rail through a detachable connection structure.

[0013] In this invention, upper and lower mounting rails are slidably mounted in upper and lower mounting channels at the waistline positions on both sides of the tunneling machine, enabling them to slide relative to the length of the tunneling machine. Upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders, mounted on the sides of the tunneling machine, are connected to the upper and lower mounting rails respectively. The extension and retraction of the upper and lower mounting rails are synchronously driven by the synchronized action of the upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders. During extension, the upper and lower mounting rails extend towards the tunneling head; during retraction, they retract into the upper and lower mounting channels. Furthermore, multiple mounting support units are fixedly connected to the upper and lower mounting guide rails on the same side, and the upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders drive the upper and lower mounting guide rails. This enables coordinated pushing and pulling of the support group, facilitating the formation of a support structure in front of or behind the tunneling machine and ensuring reliable tunneling operations. The vertical installation of upper hydraulic struts on the upper mounting support mechanism facilitates the provision of vertical support force to the roof when extended. Connecting an upper bearing plate to the upper piston of the upper hydraulic strut increases the contact area between the upper piston and the roof, and also helps to evenly and widely transfer the support force to the roof, thus improving the support effect. A telescopic hydraulic cylinder, connected to the upper hydraulic strut, is installed laterally on the upper mounting support mechanism. The cylinder barrel of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper mounting guide rail via an upper mounting connecting seat. This allows the upper mounting support mechanism to move along the length of the tunneling machine during the extension and retraction of the upper mounting guide rail relative to the upper mounting slide, facilitating easy changes in the support position. Furthermore, in the non-support state, the upper hydraulic struts and upper telescopic hydraulic cylinders can be fully retracted, minimizing the occupied volume during tunneling machine movement and allowing for better follow-up with the tunneling machine. A laser scanning module is installed on one side of the upper end of the upper hydraulic prop, which facilitates scanning of the tunnel cross-section and obtaining tunnel point cloud data. This allows the controller to obtain the distance from the tunnel boring machine's waistline to the tunnel roof and floor, as well as the distance from the tunnel boring machine's side to the tunnel wall. Based on the obtained distance data, precise extension and retraction control of the hydraulic props and cylinders can be achieved, and the support force of the hydraulic props can be optimized based on the spacing of adjacent attached support units. The pressure sensing module can detect the pressure data applied to the upper bearing plate from the roof in real time. This pressure data can then be used to adjust the support force of the upper hydraulic props and the tunneling parameters of the tunnel boring machine. Furthermore, it facilitates the assessment of roof stability based on changes in pressure data. The vertical installation of the lower hydraulic struts in the lower support mechanism facilitates the provision of vertical support force to the base plate when extended. The connection of the lower bearing plate to the upper end of the lower piston of the lower hydraulic strut increases the contact area between the lower piston and the base plate. At the same time, it helps to evenly and widely transfer the support force of the lower piston to the base plate, which is beneficial to improving the support effect.A lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder connected to the lower hydraulic prop is installed on the lateral side of the lower mounting support mechanism. The cylinder of the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower mounting guide rail through the lower mounting connecting seat. On the one hand, it can drive the lower mounting support mechanism to move along the length of the tunneling machine during the extension and retraction of the lower mounting guide rail relative to the lower mounting slide, so as to facilitate the change of support position. On the other hand, when not in the support state, the lower hydraulic prop and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder can be in the fully retracted state, so as to minimize the occupied volume during the movement of the tunneling machine, and at the same time, it can better follow the movement of the tunneling machine. The upper and lower parts of the fixed connecting sleeve are respectively fixedly fitted onto the bottom of the upper and lower hydraulic prop cylinders, forming a vertical support unit. This allows the upper and lower hydraulic props to transfer pressure from the top to the bottom plate when the upper prop is supporting the roof and the lower prop is supporting the floor, ensuring reliable roof support. Simultaneously, it prevents vertical pressure from being transmitted to the tunneling machine, ensuring normal tunneling and movement operations. The hydraulic pump station facilitates the supply of high-pressure oil to the hydraulic props, drive cylinders, and telescopic cylinders, enabling easy changes in vertical support, lateral forward and backward extension, and lateral telescopic states. The controller facilitates automated control of the hydraulic support system. The upper and lower hydraulic props are fixedly connected by a fixed connecting sleeve to form a vertical large-distance support body. The upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder is vertically connected to the upper hydraulic prop through the upper fixed connecting piece, and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder is vertically connected to the lower hydraulic prop through the lower fixed connecting piece. The resulting support device is a tilted T-shaped structure, which can be effectively used for the effective support of the sidewalls of rectangular roadways, and can also be easily connected to the tunneling machine, ensuring the effect of coordinated tunneling and support operations.

[0014] This system features a simple structure, timely support response, high safety factor, and strong versatility. It provides ideal support for rectangular roadways, effectively adapting to their support requirements and reducing the accident rate of sidewall spalling in right-angle areas. Furthermore, its high support efficiency significantly shortens support time, reduces reliance on manual labor, and effectively saves support materials. Moreover, the system uses a hook-on structure attached to the tunneling machine, ensuring good linkage with the machine and forming a coordinated support mechanism. The position and posture of the support can be adjusted synchronously with the tunneling machine's advance, facilitating parallel operations of tunneling and support, improving tunneling efficiency, and meeting the dual requirements of safety and efficiency for rapid tunneling in rectangular roadways. It is also adaptable to rectangular roadways of different specifications.

[0015] This invention also provides a control method for a hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular roadways, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Before starting the tunneling operation, control the piston rods of a pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders and a pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders to retract inwards synchronously, and synchronously drive a pair of upper hanging guide rails and a pair of lower hanging guide rails to slide to the rear of the tunneling head. Step 2: First, control the upper piston of the upper hydraulic support to extend upwards by a set length, driving the laser scanning module to rise to a set height; then control the electric rotating gimbal to drive the laser scanning module to rotate along the set direction. Simultaneously, use the laser scanning module to scan the tunnel cross-section, obtain tunnel cross-section point cloud data and send it to the controller. Based on the obtained tunnel cross-section point cloud data, the controller determines the height data A of the roof plate from the tunneling machine waistline, the height data B of the floor plate from the tunneling machine waistline, and the distance data C of the tunnel side from the side of the tunneling machine. Step 3: The controller first synchronously controls the piston rods of the upper and lower telescopic hydraulic cylinders on the same side to extend outward based on distance data C, until the outer end of the support unit reaches a position close to the roadway wall and stops. Then, based on height data A, it controls the upper piston of the upper hydraulic prop to extend upward until the upper pressure plate abuts against the roof. Next, based on height data B, it controls the lower piston of the lower hydraulic prop to extend downward until the lower pressure plate abuts against the bottom plate. Then, it continues to supply high-pressure oil to the upper and lower hydraulic props until the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor module reaches the lower support threshold and stops. This achieves uniform and stable support for the roof behind the tunneling machine, completing the initial stabilization support operation. Finally, workers carry out formal anchor bolt and cable support operations for the roadway roof in the initial stabilization support area. Step 4: Control the tunneling head to start tunneling operations and simultaneously complete the bottom cleaning work to create conditions for subsequent support; after completing a single well roll and cleaning the bottom, stop the tunneling operation; during the tunneling operation, workers simultaneously carry out reinforcement support work on the roof behind the tunneling machine. Step 5: First, control the upper and lower hydraulic supports to retract. Then, control the upper and lower telescopic hydraulic cylinders on the same side to retract synchronously. Next, control the piston rods of a pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders and a pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders to extend outward synchronously, and synchronously drive a pair of upper and lower hanging guide rails to slide forward towards the front of the tunneling head until it reaches the facing position. Step Six: Repeat Steps Two and Five multiple times to achieve parallel construction operations of rapid excavation and efficient support of rectangular tunnels through cyclical operation.

[0016] Furthermore, in order to promptly alert relevant personnel in the event of an anomaly and enable timely and effective responses and adjustments, in step four, during the tunneling operation, a pressure sensing module is used to collect pressure signals from the roof in real time. Based on the pressure signals, pressure values ​​are obtained and then compared with a set warning threshold. When the pressure data exceeds the set warning threshold, the alarm module is controlled to execute an alarm action. At the same time, high-pressure oil continues to be supplied to the upper and lower hydraulic supports until the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensing module reaches the upper limit threshold of the support, thereby stopping the emergency support to improve the stability of the support.

[0017] This invention, through an innovative combination of hook-on hydraulic supports and collaborative support control, not only effectively adapts to the support conditions of rectangular roadways and solves the problems of mismatch between the right-angled contours of rectangular roadways and traditional curved surface support structures, resulting in a high rate of sidewall spalling in right-angled areas, but also achieves synchronous movement of "tunneling-support," enabling parallel operation of roof support and tunneling. This effectively solves the problem of reduced daily progress caused by the lag in traditional support methods. Simultaneously, an electric rotating platform drives a laser scanning module to scan the roadway cross-section and obtain point cloud data. Based on this point cloud data, the controller can efficiently and accurately calculate the extension distance of the hydraulic props and the lateral extension distance of the telescopic hydraulic cylinders, thereby achieving precise control of the hydraulic prop and cylinder pressure. This significantly shortens the support response time and enables precise support in the corner areas of rectangular roadways, meeting the safety and efficiency requirements of rapid tunneling in rectangular roadways. The method significantly improves support efficiency and safety in rapid tunneling of rectangular roadways. This method is highly automated and can meet the safety and efficiency requirements of rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels. It also has the functions of real-time stress perception and adaptive dynamic support, which can realize real-time support of the surrounding rock and "excavation-support" collaborative operation during the excavation of rectangular tunnels. It significantly improves the rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels and can solve the adaptability problem of traditional support technology in rectangular tunnels. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hanging support unit in this invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the control section in this invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Tunneling machine; 2. Hanging support unit; 3. Upper hanging support mechanism; 4. Lower hanging support mechanism; 5. Upper hydraulic prop; 6. Upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder; 7. Upper hanging slide; 8. Lower hanging slide; 9. Upper pressure plate; 10. Laser scanning module; 11. Pressure sensing module; 12. Upper piston; 13. Upper fixed connector; 14. Upper hanging connection seat; 15. Fixed connection sleeve; 16. Lower hydraulic prop; 17. Lower pressure plate; 18. Lower fixed connector; 19. Lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder; 20. Lower hanging connection seat; 21. Lower piston; 22. Tunneling head; 23. Upper hanging guide rail; 24. Lower hanging guide rail; 25. Upper drive hydraulic cylinder; 26. Lower drive hydraulic cylinder; 27. Upper connecting beam; 28. Lower connecting beam; 29. ​​Upper fixed seat; 30. Lower fixed seat. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention provides a hook-type hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels, including a tunneling machine 1, an upper hook-type guide rail 23, a lower hook-type guide rail 24, an upper drive hydraulic cylinder 25, a lower drive hydraulic cylinder 26, a hook-type support unit, a hydraulic pump station, and a controller. The tunneling machine 1 has a pair of upper connecting slides 7 and a pair of lower connecting slides 8 respectively on the upper and lower parts of the waistline on both sides in the width direction; a pair of upper connecting guide rails 23 are slidably assembled in a pair of upper connecting slides 7; a pair of lower connecting guide rails 24 are slidably assembled in a pair of lower connecting slides 8. A pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders 25 are respectively set above a pair of upper hanging slides 7. The upper drive hydraulic cylinders 25 are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders are fixedly connected to the tunneling machine 1 through the upper fixed seat 29. The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the upper hanging guide rail 23 through the upper connecting beam 27. A pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders 26 are respectively arranged below a pair of lower hanging slides 8. The lower drive hydraulic cylinders 26 are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders are fixedly connected to the tunneling machine 1 through the lower fixed seat 30. The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the lower hanging guide rail 24 through the lower connecting beam 28. Two sets of mounting bracket units are distributed opposite each other on both sides of the width direction of the tunneling machine 1; each set of mounting bracket units 2 includes multiple mounting support units 2; The mounting support unit 2 includes a fixed connecting sleeve 15, an upper mounting support mechanism 3, and a lower mounting support mechanism 4; the fixed connecting sleeve 15 is arranged vertically; The upper hanging support mechanism 3 is located above the fixed connecting seat 15, and includes an upper hydraulic support 5, an upper pressure plate 9, a laser scanning module 10, a pressure sensing module 11, an upper fixed connecting piece 13, an upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6, and an upper hanging connecting seat 14; the upper hydraulic support 5 is placed upright, and the bottom of the cylinder of the upper hydraulic support 5 is fixedly inserted into the upper cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve 15; the upper pressure plate 9 is hinged to the upper end of the upper piston 12 in the upper hydraulic support 5; the laser scanning module 10 is installed on one side of the upper end of the upper piston 12; the pressure sensing module 11 is installed on the upper... The connection between the piston rod 12 and the upper pressure plate 9; the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6 is arranged horizontally; the upper fixed connecting piece 13 is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder in the upper hydraulic support 5; the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6 is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the upper fixed connecting piece 13; the outer fixed connecting end of the upper hanging connecting seat 14 is fixedly fitted on the bottom of the cylinder in the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6, and its inner fixed connecting end is fixedly assembled on the upper hanging guide rail 23; at the same time, the multiple upper hanging support mechanisms 3 in the multiple hanging support units 2 are evenly distributed along the length direction of the upper hanging guide rail 23; The lower hanging support mechanism 4 is located below the fixed connecting seat 15, and includes a lower hydraulic support 16, a lower pressure plate 17, a lower fixed connecting member 18, a lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19, and a lower hanging connecting seat 20. The lower hydraulic support 16 is placed in an inverted vertical position, and the bottom of the cylinder in the lower hydraulic support 16 is fixedly inserted into the lower cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve 15. The lower pressure plate 17 is hinged to the lower end of the lower piston 21 in the lower hydraulic support 16. The lower fixed connecting member 18 is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder in the lower hydraulic support 16. The lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19 is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the lower fixed connecting member 18. The outer fixed connecting end of the lower hanging connecting seat 20 is fixedly fitted onto the bottom of the cylinder in the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19, and its inner fixed connecting end is fixedly assembled on the lower hanging guide rail 24. At the same time, multiple lower hanging support mechanisms 4 in multiple hanging support units 2 are evenly distributed along the length direction of the lower hanging guide rail 24. As a preferred option, both the upper hydraulic prop 5 and the lower hydraulic prop 16 are double telescopic single hydraulic props. This ensures versatility at different heights in rectangular roadways, while also ensuring the flexibility of the support and saving mounting space under normal conditions. The hydraulic pump station is connected to the upper drive hydraulic cylinder 25, the lower drive hydraulic cylinder 26, the upper hydraulic support 5, the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6, the lower hydraulic support 16, and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19, respectively. As a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic pump station is equipped with a pressure compensation component on the oil circuit connecting the upper hydraulic support 5 and the lower hydraulic support 16, which can adaptively adjust the working pressure according to the pressure bearing condition, and the maximum support force can reach 800kN, which can effectively ensure the uniformity of the roof support force.

[0022] The controller is connected to the laser scanning module 10, the pressure sensing module 11, and the hydraulic pump station, respectively. Preferably, the controller is a PLC controller.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment, the system also includes a wireless communication module, which is connected to the controller and is used to establish a wireless communication link between the controller and external devices.

[0024] To ensure effective support, the upper bearing plate 9 and the upper movable column 12 are connected by a ball joint, with a rotation angle range of ≥±15° and equipped with an angle locking device. The lower bearing plate 17 and the lower movable column 21 are connected by a ball joint, with a rotation angle range of ≥±15° and equipped with an angle locking device. This allows for adaptive adjustment to uneven surfaces of the top and bottom plates via a ±15° rotation angle.

[0025] To ensure a large range of extension and retraction and improve the versatility of the system, both the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6 and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19 are double-acting multi-stage hydraulic cylinders. This allows for a larger extension and retraction range, thus enhancing versatility. Preferably, the upper and lower telescopic hydraulic cylinders are equipped with electro-hydraulic proportional valves and pressure compensation valves. Preferably, the response time of the electro-hydraulic proportional valve is ≤20ms, and the pressure control accuracy is ±0.5MPa. The pressure compensation valve can automatically adjust the working pressure according to changes in roadway height, with a maximum support force ≥800kN. This automatic adjustment of the working pressure according to roadway height meets the support strength requirements for large-section excavation in rectangular roadways.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment, the upper end face of the upper pressure plate 9 is fitted with an upper gradient stiffness rubber pad, and four upper ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its lower end face; the lower end face of the lower pressure plate 17 is fitted with a lower gradient stiffness rubber pad, and four lower ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its upper end face. The arrangement of the upper and lower ribs effectively optimizes the stress distribution of the upper and lower pressure plates. Simultaneously, the gradient stiffness rubber pad dynamically adapts to top plate deformation and prevents impact. Both the upper and lower gradient stiffness rubber pads are made of variable modulus polyurethane material, with a hardness range of Shore A 60-90 and an elastic modulus of 2-10 MPa. This design allows for a high surface hardness of the gradient stiffness rubber pad layer, effectively resisting impact forces, while maintaining a low inner hardness to effectively buffer deformation. This effectively solves the problem of structural damage caused by traditional rigid connections. Combined with cross-shaped ribs, it optimizes stress distribution, increasing the stress uniformity of the bearing plate surface by approximately 70%. Furthermore, the ball joint of the bearing plate and the gradient stiffness rubber pad layer work together to dynamically conform to the top and bottom plates, further improving the support effect. This structure also effectively addresses the issue of rigid connections failing to buffer tunneling machine vibrations, preventing tunneling machine vibrations from affecting the support effect.

[0027] To automate the scanning operation of the laser scanning module within a set angle range, the laser scanning module 10 is mounted on the upper end of the upper movable column 12 via an electric rotating gimbal, which is connected to a controller. Preferably, the laser scanning module employs a three-dimensional linear laser scanner. Supported by the electric rotating gimbal, the scanning angle range of the laser scanning module is 180° horizontally and 180° vertically, with a scanning accuracy ≤5mm. This is used to obtain point cloud data of the tunnel through scanning, and to adjust the position of the mounting bracket unit based on the point cloud data.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment, the pressure sensing module 11 is a pressure sensing array, which consists of multiple distributed fiber optic stress sensors and multiple strain gauge pressure sensors. The stress sensing array is connected to the controller. Arranging the array at key stress-bearing locations allows for real-time and effective monitoring of the top plate stress. Furthermore, this redundant configuration of simultaneously using distributed fiber optic stress sensors and strain gauge pressure sensors ensures that if the monitoring data from one sensor deviates by more than 15%, the monitoring data from another sensor can be automatically used, thus ensuring monitoring accuracy.

[0029] In order to promptly alert relevant personnel in the event of an anomaly, an alarm module is also included. The alarm module is installed on the body of the tunneling machine 1 and connected to the controller.

[0030] To facilitate adjustment of the spacing between two adjacent hanging support units to adapt to different support requirements, the inner fixed connection end of the upper hanging connection seat 14 is assembled on the upper hanging guide rail 23 through a detachable connection structure; the inner fixed connection end of the lower hanging connection seat 20 is assembled on the lower hanging guide rail 24 through a detachable connection structure.

[0031] In this invention, upper and lower mounting rails are slidably mounted in upper and lower mounting channels at the waistline positions on both sides of the tunneling machine, enabling them to slide relative to the length of the tunneling machine. Upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders, mounted on the sides of the tunneling machine, are connected to the upper and lower mounting rails respectively. The extension and retraction of the upper and lower mounting rails are synchronously driven by the synchronized action of the upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders. During extension, the upper and lower mounting rails extend towards the tunneling head; during retraction, they retract into the upper and lower mounting channels. Furthermore, multiple mounting support units are fixedly connected to the upper and lower mounting guide rails on the same side, and the upper and lower drive hydraulic cylinders drive the upper and lower mounting guide rails. This enables coordinated pushing and pulling of the support group, facilitating the formation of a support structure in front of or behind the tunneling machine and ensuring reliable tunneling operations. The vertical installation of upper hydraulic struts on the upper mounting support mechanism facilitates the provision of vertical support force to the roof when extended. Connecting an upper bearing plate to the upper piston of the upper hydraulic strut increases the contact area between the upper piston and the roof, and also helps to evenly and widely transfer the support force to the roof, thus improving the support effect. A telescopic hydraulic cylinder, connected to the upper hydraulic strut, is installed laterally on the upper mounting support mechanism. The cylinder barrel of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper mounting guide rail via an upper mounting connecting seat. This allows the upper mounting support mechanism to move along the length of the tunneling machine during the extension and retraction of the upper mounting guide rail relative to the upper mounting slide, facilitating easy changes in the support position. Furthermore, in the non-support state, the upper hydraulic struts and upper telescopic hydraulic cylinders can be fully retracted, minimizing the occupied volume during tunneling machine movement and allowing for better follow-up with the tunneling machine. A laser scanning module is installed on one side of the upper end of the upper hydraulic prop, which facilitates scanning of the tunnel cross-section and obtaining tunnel point cloud data. This allows the controller to obtain the distance from the tunnel boring machine's waistline to the tunnel roof and floor, as well as the distance from the tunnel boring machine's side to the tunnel wall. Based on the obtained distance data, precise extension and retraction control of the hydraulic props and cylinders can be achieved, and the support force of the hydraulic props can be optimized based on the spacing of adjacent attached support units. The pressure sensing module can detect the pressure data applied to the upper bearing plate from the roof in real time. This pressure data can then be used to adjust the support force of the upper hydraulic props and the tunneling parameters of the tunnel boring machine. Furthermore, it facilitates the assessment of roof stability based on changes in pressure data. The vertical installation of the lower hydraulic struts in the lower support mechanism facilitates the provision of vertical support force to the base plate when extended. The connection of the lower bearing plate to the upper end of the lower piston of the lower hydraulic strut increases the contact area between the lower piston and the base plate. At the same time, it helps to evenly and widely transfer the support force of the lower piston to the base plate, which is beneficial to improving the support effect.A lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder connected to the lower hydraulic prop is installed on the lateral side of the lower mounting support mechanism. The cylinder of the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower mounting guide rail through the lower mounting connecting seat. On the one hand, it can drive the lower mounting support mechanism to move along the length of the tunneling machine during the extension and retraction of the lower mounting guide rail relative to the lower mounting slide, so as to facilitate the change of support position. On the other hand, when not in the support state, the lower hydraulic prop and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder can be in the fully retracted state, so as to minimize the occupied volume during the movement of the tunneling machine, and at the same time, it can better follow the movement of the tunneling machine. The upper and lower parts of the fixed connecting sleeve are respectively fixedly fitted onto the bottom of the upper and lower hydraulic prop cylinders, forming a vertical support unit. This allows the upper and lower hydraulic props to transfer pressure from the top to the bottom plate when the upper prop is supporting the roof and the lower prop is supporting the floor, ensuring reliable roof support. Simultaneously, it prevents vertical pressure from being transmitted to the tunneling machine, ensuring normal tunneling and movement operations. The hydraulic pump station facilitates the supply of high-pressure oil to the hydraulic props, drive cylinders, and telescopic cylinders, enabling easy changes in vertical support, lateral forward and backward extension, and lateral telescopic states. The controller facilitates automated control of the hydraulic support system. The upper and lower hydraulic props are fixedly connected by a fixed connecting sleeve to form a vertical large-distance support body. The upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder is vertically connected to the upper hydraulic prop through the upper fixed connecting piece, and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder is vertically connected to the lower hydraulic prop through the lower fixed connecting piece. The resulting support device is a tilted T-shaped structure, which can be effectively used for the effective support of the sidewalls of rectangular roadways, and can also be easily connected to the tunneling machine, ensuring the effect of coordinated tunneling and support operations.

[0032] This system features a simple structure, timely support response, high safety factor, and strong versatility. It provides ideal support for rectangular roadways, effectively adapting to their support requirements and reducing the accident rate of sidewall spalling in right-angle areas. Furthermore, its high support efficiency significantly shortens support time, reduces reliance on manual labor, and effectively saves support materials. Moreover, the system uses a hook-on structure attached to the tunneling machine, ensuring good linkage with the machine and forming a coordinated support mechanism. The position and posture of the support can be adjusted synchronously with the tunneling machine's advance, facilitating parallel operations of tunneling and support, improving tunneling efficiency, and meeting the dual requirements of safety and efficiency for rapid tunneling in rectangular roadways. It is also adaptable to rectangular roadways of different specifications.

[0033] This invention also provides a control method for a hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular roadways, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Before starting the tunneling operation, control the piston rods of a pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders 25 and a pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders 26 to retract inward synchronously, and synchronously drive a pair of upper hanging guide rails 23 and a pair of lower hanging guide rails 24 to slide to the rear of the tunneling head 22. Step 2: First, control the upper piston 12 of the upper hydraulic support 5 to extend upward by a set length, driving the laser scanning module 10 to rise to a set height; then control the electric rotating gimbal to drive the laser scanning module 10 to rotate in a set direction. Simultaneously, use the laser scanning module 10 to scan the tunnel cross-section, obtain tunnel cross-section point cloud data and send it to the controller. The controller determines the height data A of the roof plate from the waistline of the tunneling machine 1, the height data B of the floor plate from the waistline of the tunneling machine 1, and the distance data C of the tunnel wall from the side of the tunneling machine 1 based on the obtained tunnel cross-section point cloud data. In this way, the controller can achieve coordinated control based on the point cloud data of roadway breakpoints and the spacing between multiple adjacent attached support units. It can also optimize the extension length of hydraulic props and telescopic hydraulic cylinders, as well as the distribution of support force, based on height data A, height data B, and distance data C, to achieve multi-objective optimization of roof subsidence, stress concentration coefficient, and support cost. As a further optimization, it can also optimize the spacing data D between two adjacent attached support units 2. Specifically, after obtaining the spacing data D, it can be displayed in real time through a display module connected to the controller. Operators can adjust the spacing between two adjacent attached support units 2 based on the spacing data D to further optimize the distribution of support force.

[0034] Step 3: The controller first synchronously controls the piston rods of the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6 and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19 on the same side to extend outward based on distance data C, until the outer end of the hook support unit 2 reaches a position close to the roadway wall and stops. Then, based on height data A, it controls the upper piston 12 of the upper hydraulic support 5 to extend upward until the upper pressure plate 9 abuts against the roof. Next, based on height data B, it controls the lower piston 21 of the lower hydraulic support 16 to extend downward until the lower pressure plate 17 abuts against the bottom plate. Then, it continues to supply high-pressure oil into the upper hydraulic support 5 and the lower hydraulic support 16 until the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensing module 11 reaches the lower support threshold and stops, thereby achieving uniform and stable support for the roof behind the tunneling machine 1 and completing the initial stabilization support operation. Finally, workers carry out formal anchor bolt and cable support operations for the roadway roof in the initial stabilization support area. Step 4: Control the tunneling head 22 to start the tunneling operation, and simultaneously complete the bottom cleaning work to create conditions for subsequent support; after completing a single well roll and cleaning the bottom, stop the tunneling operation; during the tunneling operation, workers simultaneously carry out reinforcement support work on the roof behind the tunneling machine 1. Step 5: First, control the upper hydraulic support 5 and the lower hydraulic support 6 to retract. Then, control the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder 6 and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder 19 on the same side to retract synchronously. Next, control the piston rods of a pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders 25 and a pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders 26 to extend outward synchronously, and synchronously drive a pair of upper hanging guide rails 23 and a pair of lower hanging guide rails 24 to slide forward of the tunneling head 22 until the face position is reached. Step Six: Repeat Steps Two and Five multiple times to achieve parallel construction operations of rapid excavation and efficient support of rectangular tunnels through cyclical operation.

[0035] In order to promptly alert relevant personnel in case of anomalies and enable timely and effective responses and adjustments, in step four, during the tunneling operation, the pressure sensor module 11 simultaneously collects pressure signals from the roof in real time and obtains pressure values ​​based on the pressure signals. The pressure values ​​are then compared with a set warning threshold. When the pressure data exceeds the set warning threshold, the alarm module is controlled to execute an alarm action. At the same time, high-pressure oil is continuously supplied to the upper hydraulic support 5 and the lower hydraulic support 16 to increase the pressure until the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor module 11 reaches the upper limit threshold of the support, thereby stopping the support stability through emergency support. Preferably, the pressure is increased at a rate of 0.3 MPa / s. Furthermore, the tunneling parameters of the tunneling machine 1 can be adjusted, such as reducing the cutting speed.

[0036] As a preferred option, when the pressure at the corner of the rectangular tunnel is >35MPa, the corner pressure supplement mode is activated: the hydraulic prop is pressurized by 25%, and the telescopic hydraulic cylinder extends by 50mm, so that the corner support force is increased to 125% of the design value; when the tunneling machine 1 turns in the rectangular tunnel, it first drives a pair of upper connecting guide rails 23 and a pair of lower connecting guide rails 24 to slide forward of the tunneling head 22 synchronously, keeping it 1.5-2.5m ahead, and then adjusts the extension range of the upper and lower retractable hydraulic cylinders to effectively reduce the support blind zone; This invention, through an innovative combination of hook-on hydraulic supports and collaborative support control, not only effectively adapts to the support conditions of rectangular roadways and solves the problems of mismatch between the right-angled contours of rectangular roadways and traditional curved surface support structures, resulting in a high rate of sidewall spalling in right-angled areas, but also achieves synchronous movement of "tunneling-support," enabling parallel operation of roof support and tunneling. This effectively solves the problem of reduced daily progress caused by the lag in traditional support methods. Simultaneously, an electric rotating platform drives a laser scanning module to scan the roadway cross-section and obtain point cloud data. Based on this point cloud data, the controller can efficiently and accurately calculate the extension distance of the hydraulic props and the lateral extension distance of the telescopic hydraulic cylinders, thereby achieving precise control of the hydraulic prop and cylinder pressure. This significantly shortens the support response time and enables precise support in the corner areas of rectangular roadways, meeting the safety and efficiency requirements of rapid tunneling in rectangular roadways. The method significantly improves support efficiency and safety in rapid tunneling of rectangular roadways.

[0037] This method is highly automated and can meet the safety and efficiency requirements of rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels. It also has the functions of real-time stress perception and adaptive dynamic support, which can realize real-time support of the surrounding rock and "excavation-support" collaborative operation during the excavation of rectangular tunnels. It significantly improves the rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels and can solve the adaptability problem of traditional support technology in rectangular tunnels.

Claims

1. A hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels, comprising a tunneling machine (1), characterized in that, It also includes an upper mounting guide rail (23), a lower mounting guide rail (24), an upper drive hydraulic cylinder (25), a lower drive hydraulic cylinder (26), a mounting bracket unit, a hydraulic pump station, and a controller; The tunneling machine (1) has a pair of upper connecting slides (7) and a pair of lower connecting slides (8) respectively on the upper and lower parts of the waistline on both sides in the width direction; a pair of upper connecting guide rails (23) are slidably assembled in a pair of upper connecting slides (7); a pair of lower connecting guide rails (24) are slidably assembled in a pair of lower connecting slides (8); A pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders (25) are respectively set above a pair of upper hanging slides (7). The upper drive hydraulic cylinders (25) are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders are fixedly connected to the tunneling machine (1) through the upper fixed seat (29). The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the upper hanging guide rail (23) through the upper connecting beam (27). A pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders (26) are respectively set below a pair of lower hanging slides (8). The lower drive hydraulic cylinders (26) are arranged horizontally, and the bottom of their cylinders are fixedly connected to the tunneling machine (1) through the lower fixed seat (30). The piston rod end is fixedly connected to the front section of the lower hanging guide rail (24) through the lower connecting beam (28). Two sets of mounting bracket units are distributed opposite each other on both sides of the width direction of the tunneling machine (1); each set of mounting bracket units (2) includes multiple mounting support units (2); The mounting support unit (2) includes a fixed connecting sleeve (15), an upper mounting support mechanism (3), and a lower mounting support mechanism (4); the fixed connecting sleeve (15) is arranged vertically; The upper hanging support mechanism (3) is located above the fixed connecting seat (15), and includes an upper hydraulic support (5), an upper pressure plate (9), a laser scanning module (10), a pressure sensing module (11), an upper fixed connecting piece (13), an upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6), and an upper hanging connecting seat (14); the upper hydraulic support (5) is placed upright, and the bottom of the cylinder in the upper hydraulic support (5) is fixedly inserted into the upper cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve (15); the upper pressure plate (9) is hinged to the upper end of the upper piston (12) in the upper hydraulic support (5); the laser scanning module (10) is installed on one side of the upper end of the upper piston (12); the pressure sensing module (11) The upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6) is installed at the connection between the upper piston column (12) and the upper pressure plate (9); the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6) is arranged horizontally; the upper fixed connector (13) is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder in the upper hydraulic support (5); the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6) is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the upper fixed connector (13); the outer fixed connection end of the upper hanging connection seat (14) is fixedly fitted on the bottom of the cylinder in the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6), and its inner fixed connection end is fixedly assembled on the upper hanging guide rail (23); at the same time, the multiple upper hanging support mechanisms (3) in the multiple hanging support units (2) are evenly distributed along the length direction of the upper hanging guide rail (23); The lower hanging support mechanism (4) is located below the fixed connecting seat (15), and includes a lower hydraulic support (16), a lower pressure plate (17), a lower fixed connecting member (18), a lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder (19), and a lower hanging connecting seat (20); the lower hydraulic support (16) is placed in an inverted vertical position, and the bottom of the cylinder in the lower hydraulic support (16) is fixedly inserted into the lower cavity of the fixed connecting sleeve (15); the lower pressure plate (17) is hinged to the lower end of the lower piston (21) in the lower hydraulic support (16); the lower fixed connecting member (18) is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the cylinder in the lower hydraulic support (16); the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder (19) is arranged horizontally, and the end of its piston rod is fixedly connected to the lower fixed connector (18); the outer fixed connection end of the lower hanging connection seat (20) is fixedly fitted on the bottom of the cylinder in the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder (19), and its inner fixed connection end is fixedly assembled on the lower hanging guide rail (24); at the same time, the multiple lower hanging support mechanisms (4) in the multiple hanging support units (2) are evenly distributed along the length direction of the lower hanging guide rail (24); The hydraulic pump station is connected to the upper drive hydraulic cylinder (25), the lower drive hydraulic cylinder (26), the upper hydraulic support (5), the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6), the lower hydraulic support (16), and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder (19), respectively. The controller is connected to the laser scanning module (10), the pressure sensing module (11), and the hydraulic pump station, respectively.

2. The hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper pressure plate (9) and the upper piston (12) are connected by a ball joint, the rotation angle of the ball joint is ≥±15°, and an angle locking device is provided. The lower pressure plate (17) and the lower piston (21) are connected by a ball joint, the rotation angle of the ball joint is ≥±15°, and an angle locking device is provided.

3. The hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6) and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder (19) are double-acting multi-stage hydraulic cylinders.

4. The hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end face of the upper bearing plate (9) is fitted with an upper gradient stiffness rubber pad, and four upper ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its lower end face; the lower end face of the lower bearing plate (17) is fitted with a lower gradient stiffness rubber pad, and four lower ribs arranged in a cross shape are fixedly connected around its upper end face; both the upper gradient stiffness rubber pad and the lower gradient stiffness rubber pad are made of variable modulus polyurethane material, with a hardness range of Shore A60-90 and an elastic modulus of 2-10MPa.

5. A hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser scanning module (10) is mounted on the upper end of the upper column (12) via an electric rotating gimbal, which is connected to the controller.

6. The hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure sensing module (11) is a pressure sensing array, which consists of multiple distributed fiber optic stress sensors and multiple strain gauge pressure sensors. The stress sensing array is connected to the controller.

7. A hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes an alarm module, which is installed on the body of the tunneling machine (1) and connected to the controller.

8. A hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner fixed connection end of the upper hanging connection seat (14) is assembled on the upper hanging guide rail (23) through a detachable connection structure; the inner fixed connection end of the lower hanging connection seat (20) is assembled on the lower hanging guide rail (24) through a detachable connection structure.

9. A control method for a hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular roadways, comprising the hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular roadways as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Before starting the tunneling operation, control the piston rods of a pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders (25) and a pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders (26) to retract inward synchronously, and synchronously drive a pair of upper hanging guide rails (23) and a pair of lower hanging guide rails (24) to slide to the rear of the tunneling head (22); Step 2: First, control the upper piston (12) of the upper hydraulic support (5) to extend upward to a set length, driving the laser scanning module (10) to rise to a set height; then control the electric rotating gimbal to drive the laser scanning module (10) to rotate in a set direction. Simultaneously, use the laser scanning module (10) to scan the roadway cross-section, obtain the roadway cross-section point cloud data and send it to the controller. The controller determines the height data A of the roof plate from the waistline of the tunneling machine (1), the height data B of the bottom plate from the waistline of the tunneling machine (1), and the distance data C of the roadway side from the side of the tunneling machine (1) based on the obtained roadway cross-section point cloud data. Step 3: The controller first controls the piston rods of the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6) and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder (19) on the same side to extend outward based on distance data C, until the outer end of the support unit (2) reaches the position close to the roadway wall and stops. Then, based on height data A, it controls the upper piston (12) of the upper hydraulic support (5) to extend upward until the upper pressure plate (9) abuts against the roof. Next, based on height data B, it controls the lower piston (21) of the lower hydraulic support (16) to extend downward until the lower pressure plate (17) abuts against the bottom plate. Then, it continues to supply high-pressure oil into the upper hydraulic support (5) and the lower hydraulic support (16) until the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensing module (11) reaches the lower support threshold and stops, thereby achieving uniform and stable support of the roof behind the tunneling machine (1) and completing the initial stable support operation. Finally, workers carry out formal anchor bolt and cable support operation of the roadway roof in the initial stable support area. Step 4: Control the tunneling head (22) to start the tunneling operation and simultaneously complete the bottom cleaning work to create conditions for subsequent support; after the single well rod is completed and the bottom is cleaned, stop the tunneling operation; during the tunneling operation, workers simultaneously carry out reinforcement support work on the roof behind the tunneling machine (1); Step 5: First, control the upper hydraulic support (5) and the lower hydraulic support (6) to retract. Then, control the upper telescopic hydraulic cylinder (6) and the lower telescopic hydraulic cylinder (19) on the same side to retract synchronously. Next, control the piston rods of a pair of upper drive hydraulic cylinders (25) and a pair of lower drive hydraulic cylinders (26) to extend outward synchronously, and synchronously drive a pair of upper connecting guide rails (23) and a pair of lower connecting guide rails (24) to slide forward of the tunneling head (22) until it reaches the facing position. Step Six: Repeat Step Two and Step Five multiple times to achieve parallel construction operations of rapid excavation and efficient support of rectangular tunnels through cyclical operation.

10. The control method for a hook-on hydraulic support system for rapid excavation of rectangular tunnels according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step four, during the tunneling operation, the pressure signal from the roof is collected in real time using the pressure sensing module (11), and the pressure value is obtained based on the pressure signal. The pressure value is then compared with the set warning threshold. When the pressure data exceeds the set warning threshold, the alarm module is controlled to perform an alarm action. At the same time, high-pressure oil is supplied to the upper hydraulic support (5) and the lower hydraulic support (16) until the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensing module (11) reaches the upper limit threshold of the support, so as to improve the stability of the support through emergency support.

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