High-speed rail roadbed multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a high-speed rail roadbed multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device and method, and relates to the technical field of roadbed detection.The high-speed rail roadbed multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device comprises a detection structure and a pressurization structure.The detection structure comprises a base, a supporting plate is arranged on the base, a plurality of telescopic rods are arranged between the supporting plate and the base, and first distance sensors are arranged in the telescopic rods; a first bearing plate is arranged in the base, a second bearing plate is arranged in the first bearing plate, a detection rod is arranged in the second bearing plate, a distance monitoring structure is arranged in the base, the distance monitoring structure corresponds to the first bearing plate and the second bearing plate, and a pressing structure corresponds to the base and the second bearing plate. According to the device, the telescopic rod is installed between the supporting plate and the base, whether the roadbed is settled or not can be judged according to the telescopic distance of the telescopic rod during continuous detection after pre-burying, and therefore the roadbed can be continuously monitored, the device is not limited to monitoring the roadbed during construction, and the application range of the device is widened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of roadbed detection technology, specifically to a multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device and method for high-speed railway roadbeds. Background Technology

[0002] High-speed railway subgrade is the basic structure that supports the fixed track, transmits track gravity and train dynamic forces in high-speed railway engineering, and is a prerequisite for ensuring the safe and stable operation of trains. The subgrade coefficient is the main control index in the compaction quality test of subgrade fill material, reflecting the compressibility of the soil surface under plane pressure. At present, the subgrade coefficient test of high-speed railway subgrade is mainly based on plate load test. Different diameter bearing plates are required for different fill materials, which makes the operation more complicated. Moreover, continuous testing of the subgrade cannot be carried out after construction is completed.

[0003] Therefore, the present invention provides a multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device and method for high-speed railway subgrades. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device and method for high-speed railway subgrades, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art. This invention can determine whether the subgrade has settled by measuring the extension distance of a telescopic rod, enabling continuous monitoring of the subgrade. This expands the device's applicability beyond monitoring the subgrade during construction. The first and second bearing plates can be selected based on the maximum particle size of the filler material, making the device more flexible and easier to operate, thus improving the efficiency of subgrade detection. Furthermore, the displacement monitoring structure can monitor the displacement between the two detection structures. When settlement occurs, misalignment will occur between the two detection structures, allowing for timely signal transmission and facilitating timely maintenance by personnel to ensure the strength of the subgrade.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device and method for high-speed railway subgrades, comprising a detection structure and a pressurizing structure. The detection structure includes a base, a support plate mounted on the base, multiple telescopic rods between the support plate and the base, a first distance sensor installed within each telescopic rod, a first bearing plate installed within the base, a second bearing plate installed within the first bearing plate, a detection rod installed within the second bearing plate, a distance monitoring structure installed within the base, the distance monitoring structure corresponding to the first and second bearing plates, a pressing structure mounted on the first bearing plate, the pressing structure corresponding to the base and the second bearing plate, and a pressure structure including a fixed frame mounted on the support plate, a rotating seat rotatably fitted on the fixed frame, a pressing structure mounted on the rotating seat, the pressing structure corresponding to the pressing structure, and a displacement monitoring structure installed between the two detection structures.

[0006] Furthermore, the telescopic rod includes a first rod body and a second rod body. The first rod body is fixedly connected to the base, and the second rod body is fixedly connected to the support plate. The first rod body is a hollow structure. The first rod body and the second rod body are slidably connected. A first spring is fixed between the first rod body and the second rod body. A first distance sensor is fixed to the bottom of the first rod body. A first fixing bolt is threaded onto one side of the first rod body, and the first fixing bolt corresponds to the second rod body.

[0007] Furthermore, a first groove is provided in the base, which corresponds to the first support plate. The distance monitoring structure includes a second distance sensor and a third distance sensor fixed in the first groove. Multiple limiting rings are fixed in the first groove, which correspond to the first support plate. The second distance sensor corresponds to the first support plate.

[0008] Furthermore, a second groove is formed in the first support plate, which corresponds to the second support plate. A detection ring is installed on the first support plate, and multiple connecting rods are fixed on the second support plate. The connecting rods are fixedly connected to the detection ring. Multiple through slots are formed on the second groove, which correspond to the connecting rods. The detection ring corresponds to the third distance sensor.

[0009] Furthermore, the pressing structure includes a first sliding rod fixed to the first bearing plate, the first sliding rod being slidably connected to the base, the first sliding rod having a first groove inside, and a second sliding rod fixed to the second bearing plate, the second sliding rod corresponding to the first groove.

[0010] Furthermore, a detection groove is provided at the bottom of the second sliding rod, the detection groove is slidably connected to the detection rod, a plurality of third springs are fixed between the detection groove and the detection rod, and a fourth distance sensor is fixed inside the detection groove.

[0011] Furthermore, a second groove is provided at the top of the first sliding rod, and the second groove is connected to the first groove. The pressing structure includes a lower pressure plate fixed to the end of the second sliding rod, and a plurality of second springs are fixed between the lower pressure plate and the second groove.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of second fixing bolts are installed on one side of the fixing frame, the second fixing bolts corresponding to the rotating seat, and the pressing structure includes a hydraulic cylinder, the output end of which is fixed with a pressure head, which corresponds to the lower pressure plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the displacement monitoring structure includes a pre-embedded pipe, a base with multiple third grooves, a slider slidingly fitted in the third groove, pressure sensors fixed on both sides of the third groove, a pull rope installed between the two bases, the pull rope being fixedly connected to the slider, and the pull rope corresponding to the pre-embedded pipe.

[0014] A multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection method for high-speed railway tracks includes the following steps: S1. Connect all sensors to the computer via Bluetooth or data cable, place the base on the ground, fix the length of the telescopic rod, fix the fixing frame to the support plate, and then start the hydraulic cylinder to press down the first sliding rod, thereby pressing down the first bearing plate. When settling, the second distance sensor monitors the displacement of the first bearing plate and then sends the result to the computer. The coefficient of the high-speed railway subgrade is monitored based on the settlement displacement and the applied pressure. S2. Rotate the rotating seat, adjust the angle of the pressure head, and start the hydraulic cylinder to press down, so that the lower pressure plate is pressed down, thereby driving the second bearing plate to press down. The displacement of the second bearing plate is monitored by the third distance sensor, and then the result is sent to the computer for calculation. S3. Remove the fixing frame and embed the detection structure into the roadbed. The detection structure continuously monitors the pressure and roadbed settlement of the high-speed railway over time, and the computer issues early warnings based on the obtained data. S4. The displacement between the two bases is monitored by the pull rope between the two bases. When settlement occurs, the pull rope pulls the slider to slide, the pressure sensor generates a data signal and transmits it to the computer, and the computer issues an early warning.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Install telescopic rods between the support plate and the base. During continuous monitoring after pre-embedding, the extension distance of the telescopic rods can be used to determine whether the roadbed has settled, thus enabling continuous monitoring of the roadbed. This expands the applicability of the device beyond monitoring the roadbed during construction.

[0016] 2. Install a second bearing plate inside the first bearing plate, and install a pressing structure on the first bearing plate. The first or second bearing plate can be pressed down by the pressing structure. Thus, the first and second bearing plates can be selected according to the maximum particle size of the filler, making the device more flexible to use and simple to operate, thereby improving the efficiency of roadbed inspection.

[0017] 3. Installing a displacement monitoring structure between the two detection structures allows for monitoring of the displacement between them. When settlement occurs, misalignment will occur between the two detection structures, which can transmit the signal in a timely manner, facilitating timely maintenance by staff and ensuring the strength of the roadbed. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly three-dimensional structure of the high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the detection structure and pressurization structure in the high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembled three-dimensional structure of the base, the first support plate, and the second support plate in the high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembled three-dimensional structure of the base and support plate in the high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the fixing frame in the high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the base, the first support plate, and the second support plate in the high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly cross-sectional structure of the high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly cross-sectional structure of the pressurization structure in the high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly cross-sectional structure of the detection structure in the high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the slider and pull rope in the high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Detection structure; 2. Base; 3. Support plate; 4. Telescopic rod; 5. First rod body; 6. Second rod body; 7. First spring; 8. First fixing bolt; 9. First distance sensor; 10. First groove; 11. First bearing plate; 12. Limiting ring; 13. Second distance sensor; 14. Third distance sensor; 15. Second groove; 16. Second bearing plate; 17. Through groove; 18. Connecting rod; 19. Detection ring; 20. First sliding... 21. Groove; 22. First sliding rod; 23. Second spring; 24. Second sliding groove; 25. Lower pressure plate; 26. Detection groove; 27. Detection rod; 28. Third spring; 29. ​​Fourth distance sensor; 30. Second sliding rod; 31. Pressurizing structure; 32. Rotating seat; 33. Second fixing bolt; 34. Hydraulic cylinder; 35. Pressure head; 36. Fixing frame; 37. Embedded pipe; 38. Third groove; 39. Slider; 40. Pull rope; 51. Pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0020] Please see Figures 1 to 10 This invention provides a technical solution: a multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device for high-speed railway subgrades, comprising a detection structure 1 and a pressurizing structure 30. The detection structure 1 includes a base 2, on which a support plate 3 is mounted. Multiple telescopic rods 4 are installed between the support plate 3 and the base 2. A first distance sensor 9 is installed inside the telescopic rods 4. A first bearing plate 11 is installed inside the base 2. A second bearing plate 16 is installed inside the first bearing plate 11. A detection rod 26 is installed inside the second bearing plate 16. A distance monitoring structure is installed inside the base 2, corresponding to the first bearing plate 11 and the second bearing plate 16. A pressing structure is installed on the first bearing plate 11, corresponding to the base 2 and the second bearing plate 16. The pressurizing structure 30 includes a fixed frame 35 mounted on the support plate 3. A rotating seat 31 is rotatably fitted on the fixed frame 35. A pressing structure is installed on the rotating seat 31, corresponding to the pressing structure. A displacement monitoring structure is installed between the two detection structures 1.

[0021] In this embodiment, the telescopic rod 4 includes a first rod body 5 and a second rod body 6. The first rod body 5 is fixedly connected to the base 2, and the second rod body 6 is fixedly connected to the support plate 3. The first rod body 5 is a hollow structure. The first rod body 5 and the second rod body 6 are slidably connected. A first spring 7 is fixed between the first rod body 5 and the second rod body 6. A first distance sensor 9 is fixed to the bottom inside the first rod body 5. A first fixing bolt 8 is threaded on one side of the first rod body 5, and the first fixing bolt 8 corresponds to the second rod body 6.

[0022] Specifically, when the length of the telescopic pole 4 needs to be fixed, the support plate 3 is slid up and down to adjust it to a suitable position. Then, the first fixing bolt 8 is rotated to insert into the second pole body 6, thus fixing the position of the second pole body 6 and fixing the length of the telescopic pole 4. The fixing frame 35 can then be installed. At this time, the height of the support plate 3 is fixed, thus ensuring the stability of the fixing frame 35. When continuous testing is required, the first fixing bolt 8 is removed, and the position of the support plate 3 can be slid freely. Then, the entire testing structure 1 is pre-embedded into the roadbed. When there is settlement in the roadbed, a certain displacement will occur between the base 2 and the support plate 3, resulting in a change in the length of the telescopic pole 4. The displacement change can be monitored by the first distance sensor 9, which facilitates timely maintenance by the staff.

[0023] The base 2 has a first groove 10, which corresponds to the first support plate 11. The distance monitoring structure includes a second distance sensor 13 and a third distance sensor 14 fixed in the first groove 10. Multiple limiting rings 12 are fixed in the first groove 10, corresponding to the first support plate 11. The second distance sensor 13 also corresponds to the first support plate 11. A second groove 15 is formed in the first support plate 11, corresponding to the second support plate 16. A detection ring 19 is mounted on the first support plate 11. Multiple connecting rods 18 are fixed on the second support plate 16, and the connecting rods 18 are fixedly connected to the detection ring 19. Multiple through slots 17 are formed in the second groove 15, corresponding to the connecting rods 18. The detection ring 19 corresponds to the third distance sensor 14. The moving structure includes a first sliding rod 21 fixed on the first bearing plate 11, the first sliding rod 21 being slidably connected to the base 2, and a first sliding groove 20 being provided in the first sliding rod 21. A second sliding rod 29 is fixed on the second bearing plate 16, and the second sliding rod 29 corresponds to the first sliding groove 20. A plurality of second fixing bolts 32 are installed on one side of the fixing frame 35, and the second fixing bolts 32 correspond to the rotating seat 31. The pressing structure includes a hydraulic cylinder 33, and a pressure head 34 is fixed at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 33, and the pressure head 34 corresponds to the lower pressure plate 24. A second sliding groove 23 is provided at the top of the first sliding rod 21, and the second sliding groove 23 is connected to the first sliding groove 20. The pressing structure includes a lower pressure plate 24 fixed to the end of the second sliding rod 29, and a plurality of second springs 22 are fixed between the lower pressure plate 24 and the second sliding groove 23.

[0024] Specifically, when the first bearing plate 11 needs to be pressed, the hydraulic cylinder 33 is activated, causing the hydraulic cylinder 33 to drive the pressure head 34 to press down the first sliding rod 21, thereby pressing down the first bearing plate 11. At this time, the displacement of the first bearing plate 11 is monitored by the second distance sensor 13, and the foundation coefficient can be calculated based on the applied pressure and the displacement distance of the first bearing plate 11. For different fillers, the second bearing plate 16 can be used. The rotating seat 31 is manually rotated, and then the pressure head 34 is rotated 90 degrees. At this time, the pressure head 34 no longer contacts the first sliding rod 21 when it presses down. The hydraulic cylinder 33 is activated, and the pressure head 34 presses down the lower pressure plate 24, causing the lower pressure plate 24 to drive the second sliding rod 29 to press down the second bearing plate 16. At this time, the movement distance of the second bearing plate 16 is monitored by the third distance sensor 14, thereby realizing the detection of the foundation coefficient, making the device more flexible to use and expanding the applicability of the device.

[0025] The bottom of the second sliding rod 29 is provided with a detection groove 25, which is slidably connected to the detection rod 26. Multiple third springs 27 are fixed between the detection groove 25 and the detection rod 26, and a fourth distance sensor 28 is fixed inside the detection groove 25.

[0026] Specifically, once the pre-embedded material is inserted into the roadbed, the third spring 27 can continuously apply downward pressure. When there is additional downward pressure from above, such as when a high-speed railway passes by, it can achieve a good detection effect. The displacement of the detection rod 26 is detected by the fourth distance sensor 28, which can assist in the continuous monitoring of the roadbed settlement and ensure the accuracy of the monitoring.

[0027] The displacement monitoring structure includes a pre-embedded pipe 36, a base 2 with multiple third grooves 37, a slider 38 slidingly fitted in the third groove 37, pressure sensors 40 fixed on both sides of the third groove 37, and a pull rope 39 installed between the two bases 2. The pull rope 39 is fixedly connected to the slider 38 and corresponds to the pre-embedded pipe 36.

[0028] Two detection structures 1 are pre-embedded in different locations, and a pre-embedded pipe 36 is pre-installed between the two detection structures 1. Then, the sliders 38 of the two detection structures 1 are connected together by a pull rope 39, so that the settlement distance of the two detection structures 1 can be monitored. When one of the detection structures 1 settles, the detection structure 1 will pull the pull rope 39, which will cause the pressure sensors 40 in both detection structures 1 to generate data. The data can be monitored on a computer, so that the roadbed can be repaired in a timely manner to ensure safety.

[0029] A multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection method for high-speed railway tracks includes the following steps: S1. Connect all sensors to the computer via Bluetooth or data cable, place the base 2 on the ground, fix the length of the telescopic rod 4, fix the fixing frame 35 on the support plate 3, and then start the hydraulic cylinder 33 to press down the first sliding rod 21, thereby pressing down the first bearing plate 11. When settling, the second distance sensor 13 monitors the displacement of the first bearing plate 11 and then sends the result to the computer. Monitor the coefficient of the high-speed railway subgrade based on the settlement displacement and the applied pressure. S2. Rotate the rotating seat 31, adjust the angle of the pressure head 34, and start the hydraulic cylinder 33 to press down, so that the lower pressure plate 24 is pressed down, thereby driving the second bearing plate 16 to press down. The displacement of the second bearing plate 16 is monitored by the third distance sensor 14, and then the result is sent to the computer for calculation. S3. Remove the fixing frame 35 and embed the detection structure 1 into the roadbed. The detection structure 1 continuously monitors the pressure and roadbed settlement of the high-speed railway over time, and the computer issues early warnings based on the obtained data. S4. The displacement between the two bases 2 is monitored by the pull rope 39 between the two bases 2. When settlement occurs, the pull rope 39 pulls the slider 38 to slide, and the pressure sensor 40 generates a data signal and transmits it to the computer for early warning.

[0030] Workflow: During testing, the length of the telescopic rod 4 is fixed. The support plate 3 is slid up and down to adjust it to a suitable position. Then, the first fixing bolt 8 is rotated so that it inserts into the second rod body 6, thus fixing the position of the second rod body 6 and fixing the length of the telescopic rod 4. The fixing frame 35 can then be installed. At this time, the height of the support plate 3 is fixed, thus ensuring the stability of the fixing frame 35. Then, the hydraulic cylinder 33 is activated, causing the pressure head 34 to press down on the first sliding rod 21, thereby lowering it. The first bearing plate 11 is pressed down. At this time, the displacement of the first bearing plate 11 is monitored by the second distance sensor 13. The foundation coefficient can be calculated based on the applied pressure and the displacement distance of the first bearing plate 11. For different filling materials, the second bearing plate 16 can be used. The rotating seat 31 is manually rotated, and then the pressure head 34 is rotated 90 degrees. At this time, the pressure head 34 is no longer in contact with the first sliding rod 21. The hydraulic cylinder 33 is activated, and the pressure head 34 presses down on the lower pressure plate 24, so that the lower pressure plate 24 drives the second sliding rod 29 to press down on the second bearing plate 16. At this time, the third distance sensor 13 monitors the displacement of the first bearing plate 11. Sensor 14 monitors the movement distance of the second bearing plate 16 to detect the subgrade coefficient. When continuous detection is required, the first fixing bolt 8 is removed, allowing the support plate 3 to slide freely. The entire detection structure 1 is then embedded into the roadbed, and a pre-embedded pipe 36 is installed between the two detection structures 1. The sliders 38 of the two detection structures 1 are then connected together by a rope 39. When there is settlement in the roadbed, a certain displacement will occur between the base 2 and the support plate 3, resulting in a change in the length of the telescopic rod 4. Thus, displacement changes can be monitored through the first distance sensor 9. At this time, the third spring 27 can continuously apply a certain pressure downward. When there is pressure from above, such as when a high-speed railway passes, it can achieve a good detection effect. The displacement of the detection rod 26 is detected through the fourth distance sensor 28, which can assist in the continuous monitoring of the subgrade settlement. When one of the detection structures 1 settles, the detection structure 1 will pull the rope 39, which will cause the pressure sensors 40 in both detection structures 1 to generate data, so that the data can be monitored on the computer.

[0031] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device for high-speed railway tracks, comprising a detection structure (1) and a pressurization structure (30), characterized in that, The detection structure (1) includes a base (2), a support plate (3) is mounted on the base (2), a plurality of telescopic rods (4) are mounted between the support plate (3) and the base (2), a first distance sensor (9) is mounted inside the telescopic rods (4), a first bearing plate (11) is mounted inside the base (2), a second bearing plate (16) is mounted inside the first bearing plate (11), a detection rod (26) is mounted inside the second bearing plate (16), a distance monitoring structure is mounted inside the base (2), the distance monitoring structure corresponds to the first bearing plate (11) and the second bearing plate (16), a pressing structure is mounted on the first bearing plate (11), the pressing structure corresponds to the base (2) and the second bearing plate (16), the pressurizing structure (30) includes a fixed frame (35) mounted on the support plate (3), a rotating seat (31) is rotatably fitted on the fixed frame (35), a pressing structure is mounted on the rotating seat (31), the pressing structure corresponds to the pressing structure, and a displacement monitoring structure is mounted between the two detection structures (1).

2. The high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic rod (4) includes a first rod body (5) and a second rod body (6). The first rod body (5) is fixedly connected to the base (2), and the second rod body (6) is fixedly connected to the support plate (3). The first rod body (5) is a hollow structure. The first rod body (5) and the second rod body (6) are slidably connected. A first spring (7) is fixed between the first rod body (5) and the second rod body (6). A first distance sensor (9) is fixed to the bottom inside the first rod body (5). A first fixing bolt (8) is threaded on one side of the first rod body (5). The first fixing bolt (8) corresponds to the second rod body (6).

3. The high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (2) has a first groove (10) inside, which corresponds to the first support plate (11). The distance monitoring structure includes a second distance sensor (13) and a third distance sensor (14) fixed in the first groove (10). Multiple limiting rings (12) are fixed in the first groove (10), which correspond to the first support plate (11). The second distance sensor (13) corresponds to the first support plate (11).

4. The high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first support plate (11) has a second groove (15) inside, which corresponds to the second support plate (16). The first support plate (11) is equipped with a detection ring (19). The second support plate (16) has multiple connecting rods (18) fixed on it. The connecting rods (18) are fixedly connected to the detection ring (19). The second groove (15) has multiple through slots (17) inside, which correspond to the connecting rods (18). The detection ring (19) corresponds to the third distance sensor (14).

5. The high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing structure includes a first sliding rod (21) fixed on the first bearing plate (11), the first sliding rod (21) is slidably connected to the base (2), the first sliding rod (21) has a first sliding groove (20) inside, and a second sliding rod (29) is fixed on the second bearing plate (16), the second sliding rod (29) corresponds to the first sliding groove (20).

6. The high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the second sliding rod (29) is provided with a detection groove (25), which is slidably connected to the detection rod (26). Multiple third springs (27) are fixed between the detection groove (25) and the detection rod (26), and a fourth distance sensor (28) is fixed inside the detection groove (25).

7. The high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the first sliding rod (21) is provided with a second sliding groove (23), which is connected to the first sliding groove (20). The pressing structure includes a lower pressure plate (24) fixed to the end of the second sliding rod (29), and a plurality of second springs (22) are fixed between the lower pressure plate (24) and the second sliding groove (23).

8. The high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixed frame (35) is equipped with a plurality of second fixing bolts (32) on one side. The second fixing bolts (32) correspond to the rotating seat (31). The pressing structure includes a hydraulic cylinder (33). The output end of the hydraulic cylinder (33) is fixed with a pressure head (34). The pressure head (34) corresponds to the lower pressure plate (24).

9. The high-speed railway subgrade multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement monitoring structure includes a pre-embedded pipe (36), a plurality of third grooves (37) are provided in the base (2), a slider (38) is slidably fitted in the third groove (37), pressure sensors (40) are fixed on both sides of the third groove (37), and a pull rope (39) is installed between the two bases (2). The pull rope (39) is fixedly connected to the slider (38), and the pull rope (39) corresponds to the pre-embedded pipe (36).

10. A multi-sensor fusion intelligent detection method for high-speed railway subgrades, characterized in that: Monitoring using the detection device according to claim 1 includes the following steps: S1. Connect all sensors to the computer via Bluetooth or data cable, place the base on the ground, fix the length of the telescopic rod, fix the fixing frame to the support plate, and then start the hydraulic cylinder to press down the first sliding rod, thereby pressing down the first bearing plate. When settling, the second distance sensor monitors the displacement of the first bearing plate and then sends the result to the computer. The coefficient of the high-speed railway subgrade is monitored based on the settlement displacement and the applied pressure. S2. Rotate the rotating seat, adjust the angle of the pressure head, and start the hydraulic cylinder to press down, so that the lower pressure plate is pressed down, thereby driving the second bearing plate to press down. The displacement of the second bearing plate is monitored by the third distance sensor, and then the result is sent to the computer for calculation. S3. Remove the fixing frame and embed the detection structure into the roadbed. The detection structure continuously monitors the pressure and roadbed settlement of the high-speed railway over time, and the computer issues early warnings based on the obtained data. S4. The displacement between the two bases is monitored by the pull rope between the two bases. When settlement occurs, the pull rope pulls the slider to slide, the pressure sensor generates a data signal and transmits it to the computer, and the computer issues an early warning.

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