Concentrator super capacitor and battery charging management circuit and control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of charging, in particular to a concentrator super-capacitor and battery charging management circuit and a control method, and the method comprises the steps: a constant current source module is connected with a rechargeable battery module and a super-capacitor module, and a concentrator module charges the voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the super-capacitor module to a first voltage through the constant current source module; the MOS switch module is connected with the super capacitor module, and the concentrator module charges the voltage of the super capacitor module to a second voltage through the MOS switch module. In the first stage, the constant current source module is adopted to charge the rechargeable battery module and the super capacitor module at the same time, the voltages of the rechargeable battery module and the super capacitor module can be rapidly charged to the first voltage, the charging speed is remarkably increased, the problem of slow charging is solved, the overall charging efficiency of the concentrator is effectively improved, and the situation that an expensive constant current chip is used in the whole process is avoided; and on the premise of ensuring the charging performance, the number of used chips is greatly reduced, so that the hardware cost of the system is remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of charging technology, specifically to a concentrator supercapacitor and battery charging management circuit and control method. Background Technology

[0002] In existing concentrator power supply systems, a combination of batteries and supercapacitors is typically used to provide daily power and emergency backup during power outages. However, due to the significant differences in charging characteristics between batteries and supercapacitors, such as different charging voltage ranges and allowable charging currents, conventional solutions often require two separate charging management chips to achieve independent charging control for each. This dual-chip solution not only increases hardware costs and circuit complexity but also places higher demands on system stability and space layout.

[0003] In addition, some cost-constrained or simplified designs employ a series resistor current-limiting method to charge both the battery and the supercapacitor simultaneously. However, this method has significant limitations. Because the current-limiting resistor continuously consumes energy and cannot dynamically adjust the current based on the load condition, the charging speed is severely limited throughout the charging process, especially in the initial stages when the voltage is low. This results in low energy replenishment efficiency, making it difficult to meet the concentrator's need to complete emergency energy reserves in a short time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (I) Purpose of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a concentrator supercapacitor and battery charging management circuit and control method that uses a concentrator module to control a constant current source module and a MOS switch module to achieve staged charging of batteries and supercapacitors, effectively solving the problem of slow charging speed and greatly improving the charging efficiency of the concentrator.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To address the above problems, this invention provides a concentrator supercapacitor and battery charging management circuit, comprising: a concentrator module, a power supply module, a constant current source module, a rechargeable battery module, a supercapacitor module, and a MOS switch module;

[0008] The concentrator module is connected to the constant current source module, the MOS switch module, the rechargeable battery module, and the supercapacitor module respectively. The concentrator module is used to control the conduction of the constant current source module and the MOS switch module, and to collect the voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module.

[0009] The power supply module is connected to the constant current source module and the MOS switch module respectively, and the power supply module is used to provide a constant input voltage;

[0010] The constant current source module is connected to the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module respectively, and the concentrator module charges the voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module to the first voltage through the constant current source module;

[0011] The MOS switch module is connected to the supercapacitor module, and the concentrator module charges the voltage of the supercapacitor module to the second voltage through the MOS switch module;

[0012] Wherein, the first voltage is less than the second voltage.

[0013] In another aspect, preferably, the invention further includes a first diode and a second diode;

[0014] The first diode is disposed between the constant current source module and the rechargeable battery module;

[0015] The second diode is disposed between the constant current source module and the supercapacitor module.

[0016] In another aspect, preferably, the invention further includes a current-limiting resistor;

[0017] The current-limiting resistor is positioned between the MOS switch module and the supercapacitor module.

[0018] In another aspect of the invention, preferably, the power module includes a buck converter that reduces the power supply voltage to a constant input voltage.

[0019] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, after the concentrator module detects that the voltages of both the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module have reached the first voltage, it controls the constant current source module to shut down and controls the MOS switch module to turn on, so that the supercapacitor module continues to charge to the second voltage.

[0020] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, a control method for a concentrator supercapacitor and a battery charging management circuit includes:

[0021] The constant current source module is turned on, and the power supply module provides a constant input voltage to the constant current source module, while charging the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module until the voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module both reach the first voltage.

[0022] The constant current source module is turned off and the MOS switch module is turned on. The power supply module provides a constant input voltage to the MOS switch module to continue charging the supercapacitor module until the voltage of the supercapacitor module reaches the second voltage.

[0023] The first voltage is less than the second voltage.

[0024] In another preferred aspect of the present invention, it further includes: during the process of controlling the constant current source module to turn on and off, and controlling the MOS switch module to turn on,

[0025] The concentrator module collects the real-time voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module.

[0026] Based on whether the real-time voltage reaches a preset first voltage or a second voltage, it is determined whether to perform a charging switching operation.

[0027] In another aspect, preferably, the invention further includes: connecting the constant current source module and the rechargeable battery module via a first diode, and connecting the constant current source module and the supercapacitor module via a second diode, to prevent current backflow between the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module.

[0028] In another aspect, preferably, the invention further includes: controlling the charging current of the supercapacitor module by the MOS switching module through a current-limiting resistor.

[0029] In another aspect of the invention, preferably, the power supply module provides a constant input voltage, comprising:

[0030] Reduce the power supply voltage to a constant input voltage.

[0031] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0032] The above-described technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] This invention employs a constant current source module to simultaneously charge both the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module in the first stage, rapidly charging their voltages to a primary voltage. Compared to the traditional dual-resistor current-limiting method, this significantly improves charging speed, completing battery charging within 30 minutes and resolving the slow charging issue. It effectively enhances the overall charging efficiency of the concentrator, contributing to higher power consumption scores. Unlike traditional solutions that require two constant current source chips for charging, this invention uses a MOS switch module to continue charging the supercapacitor in the second stage, utilizing the constant current source module only in the first stage. This avoids the need for expensive constant current chips throughout the process, significantly reducing the number of chips used while maintaining charging performance, thereby substantially lowering system hardware costs. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0036] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0039] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the various drawings, the same elements are indicated by similar reference numerals. For clarity, the various parts in the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A concentrator supercapacitor and battery charging management circuit, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention is shown, as follows. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a concentrator module, a power supply module, a constant current source module, a rechargeable battery module, a supercapacitor module, and a MOS switch module;

[0042] The concentrator module is connected to the constant current source module, the MOS switch module, the rechargeable battery module, and the supercapacitor module respectively. The concentrator module is used to control the conduction of the constant current source module and the MOS switch module, and to collect the voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module. The concentrator module is the core control unit, which can be composed of a microcontroller or an embedded processor, and is used to manage and control the entire charging process and monitor the voltage status of the relevant modules.

[0043] The power module is connected to the constant current source module and the MOS switch module respectively. The power module is used to provide a constant input voltage. The power module provides a stable operating voltage for the system. Its input can be DC input such as external power grid, power adapter or solar energy, and its output is a stable voltage, which supplies power to the constant current source module and the MOS switch module respectively. In this embodiment, the power module includes a buck converter, which reduces the power supply voltage to a constant input voltage, such as reducing 12V voltage to a stable 6.3V voltage.

[0044] The constant current source module is connected to the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module respectively. The concentrator module charges the voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module to the first voltage through the constant current source module. The rechargeable battery module is a rechargeable unit such as a lithium battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery. The supercapacitor module adopts an electrochemical double-layer capacitor or a hybrid supercapacitor, which has fast charging and discharging characteristics and is used to provide instantaneous high current or short-term power support.

[0045] The MOS switch module is connected to the supercapacitor module. The concentrator module charges the supercapacitor module to a second voltage through the MOS switch module. The MOS switch module, composed of one or more MOSFETs, controls the second-stage charging process of the supercapacitor and provides switch control and overvoltage protection. The first voltage is less than the second voltage. A current-limiting resistor is also included, positioned between the MOS switch module and the supercapacitor module. After detecting that the voltages of both the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module have reached the first voltage, the concentrator module controls the constant current source module to shut down and the MOS switch module to turn on, allowing the supercapacitor module to continue charging to the second voltage.

[0046] The rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module are connected to a boost circuit, which boosts the lower voltage output by the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module to a higher voltage to supply power to loads with higher voltage requirements.

[0047] This embodiment employs a two-stage charging strategy to effectively improve charging efficiency and control the safety of the charging process. The first stage is constant current initial charging: the concentrator module controls the constant current source module to conduct; the constant current source module supplies power to the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module in parallel; during charging, the voltages of the battery and supercapacitor increase synchronously until they reach a first voltage value (e.g., 5.4V); in this stage, to prevent mutual discharge between the battery and supercapacitor, a directional diode or current isolation device is used for protection; in this embodiment, a first diode and a second diode are also included; the first diode is located between the constant current source module and the rechargeable battery module; the second diode is located between the constant current source module and the supercapacitor module. The rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module are isolated by two diodes to prevent backflow of current. The goal of this stage is to quickly raise the voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module to the first voltage, preparing for subsequent fine charging. The first voltage can be the voltage of the rechargeable battery module; in this embodiment, it can be 5.4V.

[0048] Second stage: Supercapacitor boost charging. After the concentrator module detects that the rechargeable battery and supercapacitor have reached the first voltage, it shuts down the constant current source module; at the same time, it turns on the MOS switch module to start charging the supercapacitor module separately; after the MOS switch is turned on, the supercapacitor module draws current from the power supply module, and its voltage continues to rise to the second voltage. In this embodiment, the second voltage is 5.7V. This process is controlled by the concentrator module to ensure that the charging process will not be over-voltage or over-current; the rechargeable battery module stops charging in this stage to prevent overcharging.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] A control method for a concentrator supercapacitor and battery charging management circuit includes:

[0051] The constant current source module is controlled to turn on, with the power supply module providing a constant input voltage to it, simultaneously charging the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module until their voltages reach a first voltage. The concentrator module first controls the constant current source module to turn on, so that the constant input voltage from the power supply module outputs a constant current, which simultaneously charges the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module through a first diode and a second diode, respectively. The first diode is connected between the constant current source module and the rechargeable battery module, and the second diode is connected between the constant current source module and the supercapacitor module. Both are unidirectional conducting devices used to prevent backflow of current between the battery and the supercapacitor, avoiding energy loss and safety risks. During the constant current source module's conduction, the concentrator module collects the voltage signals of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module in real time. When both voltages reach the preset first voltage (e.g., 5.4V), the concentrator module controls the constant current source module to turn off, ending the first stage of the constant current charging process. At this point, the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module have completed the initial charging.

[0052] The constant current source module is shut down, and the MOS switch module is turned on. The power supply module provides a constant input voltage to the MOS switch module to continue charging the supercapacitor module until its voltage reaches a second voltage (where the first voltage is less than the second voltage). The concentrator module then controls the MOS switch module to turn on, and the power supply module continues to provide a constant input voltage. This voltage, after passing through a current-limiting resistor, is output from the MOS switch module to the supercapacitor module for further charging. During this stage, only the supercapacitor module continues charging; the rechargeable battery module no longer receives charging. While the MOS switch module is on, the concentrator module continues to monitor the supercapacitor module's voltage in real time. When the voltage reaches the second voltage (e.g., 5.7V), the concentrator module immediately shuts down the MOS switch module, terminating the charging process and completing the entire charging cycle.

[0053] To ensure the safety of the supercapacitor charging process, a current-limiting resistor is installed between the MOS switching module and the supercapacitor module. This resistor limits the maximum current entering the supercapacitor, preventing damage, overheating, or impact on system stability due to excessive charging current. The resistance value of this current-limiting resistor can be selected based on the supercapacitor's tolerance parameters. The power supply module provides a constant input voltage, specifically by converting external input power (e.g., 9V, 12V) to a target constant input voltage (e.g., 6.3V) through a step-down conversion. This step-down process can be implemented using a DC-DC converter circuit, a linear regulator, or an integrated step-down chip, ensuring stable voltage, low interference, and fast response provided to the constant current source module and the MOS switching module.

[0054] In this embodiment, a constant current source module is used to charge both the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module simultaneously in the first stage, enabling rapid charging to the first voltage. Compared to the traditional solution using two resistors for current limiting, this significantly improves the charging speed, completing battery charging within 30 minutes and solving the slow charging problem. It effectively enhances the overall charging efficiency of the concentrator, contributing to a higher score in power consumption evaluation. Compared to traditional solutions requiring two constant current source chips for charging, this invention uses a MOS switch module to continue charging the supercapacitor in the second stage, using the constant current source module only in the first stage. This avoids using expensive constant current chips throughout the process, significantly reducing the number of chips used while maintaining charging performance, thereby significantly lowering system hardware costs.

[0055] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative or explanatory of the principles of the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention should be included within the protection scope of the invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all variations and modifications falling within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims, or equivalent forms of such scope and boundaries.

[0056] The present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments thereof. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of the invention.

[0057] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and modifications can be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0058] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A concentrator supercapacitor and battery charging management circuit, characterized in that, include: Concentrator module, power supply module, constant current source module, rechargeable battery module, supercapacitor module, and MOS switch module; The concentrator module is connected to the constant current source module, the MOS switch module, the rechargeable battery module, and the supercapacitor module respectively. The concentrator module is used to control the conduction of the constant current source module and the MOS switch module, and to collect the voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module. The power supply module is connected to the constant current source module and the MOS switch module respectively, and the power supply module is used to provide a constant input voltage; The constant current source module is connected to the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module respectively, and the concentrator module charges the voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module to the first voltage through the constant current source module; The MOS switch module is connected to the supercapacitor module, and the concentrator module charges the voltage of the supercapacitor module to the second voltage through the MOS switch module; Wherein, the first voltage is less than the second voltage.

2. The concentrator supercapacitor and battery charging management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first diode and a second diode; The first diode is disposed between the constant current source module and the rechargeable battery module; The second diode is disposed between the constant current source module and the supercapacitor module.

3. The concentrator supercapacitor and battery charging management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a current-limiting resistor; The current-limiting resistor is positioned between the MOS switch module and the supercapacitor module.

4. The concentrator supercapacitor and battery charging management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power module includes a buck converter that reduces the power supply voltage to a constant input voltage.

5. The concentrator supercapacitor and battery charging management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, After detecting that the voltages of both the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module have reached the first voltage, the concentrator module controls the constant current source module to shut down and controls the MOS switch module to turn on, so that the supercapacitor module continues to charge to the second voltage.

6. A control method for a concentrator supercapacitor and battery charging management circuit, characterized in that, include: The constant current source module is turned on, and the power supply module provides a constant input voltage to the constant current source module, while charging the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module until the voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module both reach the first voltage. The constant current source module is turned off and the MOS switch module is turned on. The power supply module provides a constant input voltage to the MOS switch module to continue charging the supercapacitor module until the voltage of the supercapacitor module reaches the second voltage. The first voltage is less than the second voltage.

7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: During the process of controlling the constant current source module to turn on and off, and controlling the MOS switch module to turn on... The concentrator module collects the real-time voltage of the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module. Based on whether the real-time voltage reaches a preset first voltage or a second voltage, it is determined whether to perform a charging switching operation.

8. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The constant current source module is connected to the rechargeable battery module via a first diode, and the constant current source module is connected to the supercapacitor module via a second diode to prevent current backflow between the rechargeable battery module and the supercapacitor module.

9. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The charging current of the supercapacitor module by the MOS switching module is controlled by a current-limiting resistor.

10. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power module provides a constant input voltage, including: Reduce the power supply voltage to a constant input voltage.

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