Device and method for automatically aligning optical fiber links of transformer substation room

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic sequencing device and method for optical fiber links of a transformer substation. A transmitting device and a receiving device are respectively integrated with a processing control module, a conditioning module, an optical fiber transceiver module, a power supply module, a display module, a storage module and a communication module; the processing control module is electrically connected with the conditioning module, the display module, the storage module and the communication module; the processor is used for generating ordered pulse detection information and controlling a signal processing flow; the power supply module is electrically connected with the processing control module, the conditioning module, the optical fiber transceiver module, the display module, the storage module and the communication module, and is used for providing stable DC voltage. The method is used for solving the problem that a traditional manual sequence matching and OTDR detection mode is insufficient in efficiency, precision and adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an automatic fiber optic link sequencing device and method for substations. Background Technology

[0002] Amid the surge in the construction of smart grids and ubiquitous power internet of things (IoT) in power systems, traditional substations are undergoing digital transformation and upgrading into smart substations. Fiber optic links within smart substations undertake core tasks such as real-time data transmission, equipment status monitoring, and remote control command interaction within the power system. The accuracy and reliability of fiber optic link connections are crucial technologies for ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the power system. Therefore, fiber optic link matching sequence becomes an indispensable and vital step during the acceptance and routine maintenance phases of substation fiber optic links. Traditionally, fiber optic link matching is checked using a manual light-shielding method. The process involves worker A shining light onto each fiber core at one end of the fiber using a light source; simultaneously, worker B uses an optical power meter at the other end to measure the optical signal intensity on each core. In some cases, the matching is even determined by visual observation and comparison of the optical signal intensity, relying on experience to subjectively judge the fiber link matching. This traditional method has significant problems: 1. Time-consuming, labor-intensive, and inefficient: The manual optical fiber testing method involves operating on each fiber link individually, making the testing process lengthy and cumbersome. Taking a medium-sized substation as an example, with approximately 500 fiber optic links, completing a full sequence of fiber optic links using the manual optical fiber testing method would require at least two skilled workers spending two to three days, severely hindering the progress of substation acceptance and daily operation and maintenance. 2. Difficulty in Guaranteeing Accuracy: The optical power meter used in the manual lighting detection method is affected by factors such as ambient temperature and light source stability during the measurement process, resulting in significant measurement errors. Directly observing the link optical signal with the naked eye is even more susceptible to interference from ambient light, and prolonged human eye strain can lead to misjudgments. Actual statistics show that the error rate for link sequence matching using the manual lighting method can sometimes reach 10%-15%, posing a safety hazard to the subsequent operation of the power system. 3. Difficult to meet the development needs of the power system: As the scale of fiber optic links in substations continues to expand and the network structure becomes more complex, the manual light-emitting detection method will become increasingly unable to meet the urgent needs of the power system for efficient acceptance and operation and maintenance of communication networks due to its low accuracy and reliability, as well as its time-consuming and labor-intensive nature. With the upgrading of smart substation functions, the number of fiber optic links within substations is increasing daily. Traditional, time-consuming, and labor-intensive manual light-based detection methods for checking fiber optic link sequence alignment are no longer feasible. Furthermore, existing automated detection methods relying on network equipment interaction, while improving efficiency to some extent, suffer from high equipment costs, complex operation, and poor adaptability, making them difficult to widely apply in substation fiber optic link acceptance and maintenance scenarios. Therefore, developing an efficient, accurate, low-cost, and easy-to-operate automatic fiber optic link sequencing method and system for substations has become a crucial issue urgently needing to be addressed in the field of power communication. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic fiber optic link sequencing device and method for substations, which solves the problems of efficiency, accuracy and adaptability of traditional manual sequencing and OTDR detection methods.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An automatic fiber optic link sequencing device for substations, wherein both the transmitting and receiving devices integrate a processing and control module, a conditioning module, a fiber optic transceiver module, a power supply module, a display module, a storage module, and a communication module. The processing control module is electrically connected to the conditioning module, display module, storage module, and communication module respectively, and is used to generate ordered pulse detection information and control the signal processing flow. The conditioning module is electrically connected to the fiber optic transceiver module and is used to amplify, filter, and shape the electrical pulse signal output by the processing control module. The fiber optic transceiver module is used to convert electrical signals to optical signals and establish a physical connection through a fiber optic link. The display module is connected to the processing control module via an SPI or I²C communication interface to receive and display the sequencing results; The storage module is electrically connected to the processing control module and is used to store preset ordered pulse detection information and detection results; The communication module is electrically connected to the processing control module and is used for synchronous communication between the transmitting device and the receiving device. The power supply module is electrically connected to the processing control module, conditioning module, fiber optic transceiver module, display module, storage module, and communication module, respectively, and is used to provide a stable DC voltage.

[0005] Furthermore, the processing control module uses an STM32G070CBT6TR microcontroller, and the conditioning module includes an AD8066 operational amplifier, a bandpass filter, and a Schmitt trigger circuit.

[0006] Furthermore, the display module uses a color touch screen, which displays the correct fiber in green and the incorrect fiber in red with a flashing location number.

[0007] Furthermore, the communication module supports Wi-Fi near-field communication, and the storage module uses a pluggable SD card or Flash memory.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes an audible and visual alarm module, which is connected to the processing and control module. When a link sequence error is detected, it will trigger an alarm by sounding a buzzer and flashing an indicator light.

[0009] An automatic fiber optic link sequencing method for substations includes the following steps: S1: Connect the transmitting device and the receiving device to the two ends of the optical fiber link respectively, and establish a synchronous working signal through the communication module; S2: The processing control module generates an ordered electrical pulse signal, which is then amplified, filtered, and shaped by the conditioning module. S3: The conditioned electrical pulse signal is converted into an optical signal by the fiber optic transceiver module and transmitted to the receiving device through the fiber optic link; S4: The receiving device converts the optical signal into an electrical signal. After secondary processing by the conditioning module, the processing control module samples and decodes the signal and compares it with the preset parameters for similarity. S5: Result judgment and display. When the similarity is ≥95%, the link sequence is judged to be correct. The display module outputs the result in graphic or text form and provides audible and visual alarms for erroneous links.

[0010] Furthermore, the pulse frequency range in S2 is 1kHz-10kHz, the pulse width range is 100μs-500μs, and the check code is generated using a cyclic redundancy check algorithm.

[0011] Furthermore, the similarity comparison described in S4 uses a cross-correlation algorithm. When a link sequence error is detected, the transmitting and receiving devices will sound an alarm via a buzzer and a flashing red indicator light.

[0012] Furthermore, after S1 and before S2, there is also parameter optimization S, which includes adjusting the pulse width according to the transmission distance of the optical fiber link. When the distance exceeds 5km, the pulse width is set to 10~99ns, and when the distance is less than 5km, the pulse width is set to 1~10ns; the pulse amplitude is adjusted between 0.5-5 volts. Furthermore, the storage module stores the detection results, system configuration parameters, and fault records in real time.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Significantly Improved Work Efficiency: Actual testing shows that in a substation fiber optic link testing scenario of the same scale, the automatic sequencing system of this invention can complete the sequencing of 500 fiber optic links in just 2-3 hours. Compared to the traditional manual light-emitting testing method, this represents an efficiency improvement of over 20 times. This greatly shortens the time required for substation fiber optic link acceptance and maintenance, accelerates the progress of power engineering construction, and improves the timeliness and efficiency of power system operation and maintenance. 2. Significantly Improved Detection Accuracy: Employing a precise ordered pulse detection information comparison and analysis mechanism and advanced signal processing algorithms, the impact of human factors and measurement errors is effectively eliminated. In practical applications, the link sequence error rate is reduced to below 1%, significantly improving the accuracy of fiber optic link connections, ensuring the stability and reliability of power data transmission, and reducing power system failures and safety accidents caused by link sequence errors. 3. Effectively reduces labor costs: The automated sequencing process eliminates the need for numerous specialized technicians to perform tedious manual operations. Only a small number of staff are required to connect the equipment and perform simple operations to complete the testing task. It is estimated that using the automatic sequencing system of this invention can reduce the labor costs of fiber optic link sequencing in substations by more than 80%, while also reducing the workload of staff and improving the working environment. 4. Enhanced System Adaptability and Scalability: The system adopts a modular design and intelligent control technology, enabling it to adapt to the sequencing requirements of fiber optic links in substations of different types and sizes. Through software upgrades and hardware expansions, the system's functions can be easily expanded, such as adding multi-channel detection capabilities and supporting the detection of more types of optical fibers (e.g., single-mode fiber, multi-mode fiber), demonstrating excellent adaptability and scalability. 5. Promoting the intelligent development of the power system: Accurate and efficient fiber optic link sequencing provides a solid guarantee for the intelligent operation of substations, and helps to realize the intelligent operation and maintenance and management of the power system communication network. It promotes the development of smart grids and ubiquitous power Internet of Things, improves the overall operating efficiency and intelligence level of the power system, and is of great significance to promoting the digital transformation of the power industry. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a diagram of the optical path structure of the automatic fiber optic link sequencing system for substations according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] An automatic fiber optic link sequencing device for substations, wherein both the transmitting and receiving devices integrate a processing and control module, a conditioning module, a fiber optic transceiver module, a power supply module, a display module, a storage module, and a communication module. The processing control module is electrically connected to the conditioning module, display module, storage module, and communication module respectively, and is used to generate ordered pulse detection information and control the signal processing flow. The conditioning module is electrically connected to the fiber optic transceiver module and is used to amplify, filter, and shape the electrical pulse signal output by the processing control module. The fiber optic transceiver module is used to convert electrical signals to optical signals and establish a physical connection through the fiber optic link. It adopts a single-mode / multi-mode compatible mode and includes a photoelectric transmitter (such as a 1310nm DFB laser) and a photodetector (such as an APD avalanche diode). It converts the conditioned electrical signal into an optical signal and transmits it to the fiber optic link, or receives the optical signal from the other end and converts it into an electrical signal. The display module is connected to the processing control module via an SPI or I²C communication interface to receive and display the sequencing results; The storage module is electrically connected to the processing control module and is used to store preset ordered pulse detection information and detection results; The communication module is electrically connected to the processing control module and is used for synchronous communication between the transmitting device and the receiving device. The power supply module is electrically connected to the processing control module, conditioning module, fiber optic transceiver module, display module, storage module, and communication module, respectively, and is used to provide a stable DC voltage. The power supply module adopts a TPS5430 step-down converter and has overvoltage (>264V protection), overcurrent (>2.5A shutdown), and short-circuit protection functions.

[0017] The processing control module is pre-set with ordered pulse detection information including pulse sequence, pulse frequency, pulse width and check code. It realizes the transmission and reception of optical signals through conditioning module and fiber optic transceiver module, and compares the received signal with the preset parameters based on cross-correlation algorithm. When the similarity is ≥95%, it is determined that the link sequence is correct.

[0018] Furthermore, the processing control module uses an STM32G070CBT6TR microcontroller, which has a built-in ordered pulse generation algorithm and cross-correlation algorithm processing unit to generate an ordered electrical pulse signal containing a specific pulse sequence, frequency, width and check code, and control the entire detection process. The conditioning module includes an AD8066 operational amplifier, a bandpass filter (center frequency 1kHz-10kHz) and a Schmitt trigger circuit, which are used to amplify (gain 40dB), filter (bandwidth ±2kHz) and shape the electrical pulse signal output by the processing control module to ensure signal quality.

[0019] Furthermore, the display module uses a 242P6VPJKEB / 93 color touch screen. Correctly sequenced optical fibers are displayed in green, while incorrect optical fibers are displayed in red with a 10Hz flashing indicator and location number. The module also displays detection parameters (such as pulse frequency and similarity) and results (link number and sequence status), assisting maintenance personnel in quickly locating normal links and improving the intuitiveness and efficiency of optical fiber sequence detection.

[0020] Furthermore, the communication module (e.g., ESP8266) supports Wi-Fi near-field communication, and the storage module uses an 8GB pluggable SD card or Flash memory to store preset detection templates and historical detection records (including timestamps, link information, and similarity values). In this way, during the automatic sequencing process, Wi-Fi communication can achieve high-speed data synchronization between the transmitting and receiving devices at the millisecond level. Compared with traditional wired connections, it is more flexible in deployment, can adapt to the complex spatial environment of substations, and reduce wiring costs and time.

[0021] The communication module uses the ESP8266 Wi-Fi chip, and clock consistency is ensured through the following triple synchronization method: 1. Hardware handshake calibration: When the transmitter starts up, the STM32G070CBT6TR microcontroller sends a 1MHz square wave synchronization signal (50% duty cycle) to the ESP8266 through the UART interface. The receiver captures the rising edge of the signal through the I / O port, calculates the phase difference between the local timer and the transmitter (error ≤10μs), and compensates for the time difference by adjusting the internal PLL frequency.

[0022] 2. Dynamic timestamp synchronization: The communication module sends a synchronization frame containing a 32-bit timestamp every 200ms (the timestamp is generated by a 16MHz high-precision timer with a resolution of 62.5ns). The receiving device calibrates its local clock according to the round-trip time (RTT) formula "receive time = transmit timestamp + RTT / 2", and the cumulative error is controlled within 20μs.

[0023] 3. Anti-interference and fault-tolerant design: The synchronization frame adopts CRC-16 checksum (generator polynomial x¹). 6 +x¹²+x 5 +1), if the verification fails 3 times in a row, it will automatically switch to the hardware timer fallback mode and send a synchronization pulse at a fixed frequency of 1kHz to ensure that the detection process is not interrupted.

[0024] With a timing error of ≤20μs, it meets the signal sampling accuracy requirements of the cross-correlation algorithm (10kHz pulse period error <0.2%), making it more suitable for substation offline scenarios than the traditional NTP protocol.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes an audible and visual alarm module, which is connected to the processing and control module. When a link sequence error is detected, it triggers an alarm via a buzzer and flashing indicator lights. The audible and visual alarm module, through its "immediacy, intuitiveness, and linkage" technical characteristics, transforms the abstract link sequence error into a perceptible physical signal. This not only accelerates the fault response process but also improves the overall reliability and operational efficiency of the fiber optic detection system, making it particularly suitable for substation communication scenarios with extremely high real-time requirements.

[0026] An automatic fiber optic link sequencing method for substations includes the following steps: S1: Device connection and synchronization; S11. Physical connection: Connect the fiber optic transceiver module of the near-end transmitter to the beginning of the fiber optic link under test through the FC / PC interface, and connect the far-end receiver to the end of the fiber optic link through the same interface to form an optical signal transmission path. S12. Communication Establishment: The communication modules (Bluetooth / Wi-Fi) of the transmitting and receiving devices automatically search for and establish a connection, transmitting a synchronous clock signal (such as a 1MHz square wave) to ensure that the timer error between the two parties is <10μs. The transmitting device sends preset ordered pulse detection information parameters (pulse sequence, frequency, width) to the receiving device, and the receiving device verifies the integrity of the parameters (CRC-16 checksum). S13, Parameter Initialization: The processing control module reads the default detection template (e.g., pulse frequency 5kHz, width 200μs) from the storage module and initially adjusts the parameters according to the estimated distance of the fiber optic link (through historical records or manual input): if the estimated distance is <5km, the pulse width is set to 10-15ns; if it is ≥5km, it is set to 50-80ns. After the parameter optimization step is completed, the S2 signal generation and modulation process is entered. At this time, the pulse width has been adjusted to the nanosecond-level optimized value. S2: Signal generation and modulation; S21. Electrical Pulse Generation: The STM32G070CBT6TR microcontroller of the transmitting device outputs an ordered electrical pulse signal through a timer according to preset parameters. The pulse sequence uses 16-bit one-hot encoding (e.g., 1000000000000001) and the repetition period is 10ms. S22, Signal Conditioning: Amplification: The AD8066 operational amplifier boosts the electrical pulse amplitude from 0.5V to 3V to meet the drive requirements of the fiber optic transceiver module; Filtering: Second-order bandpass filter (center frequency 5kHz, bandwidth ±1kHz) to filter out environmental noise (such as 50Hz power frequency interference); Shaping: The Schmitt trigger shortens the pulse rise / fall time to <5ns, ensuring a steep waveform. S23. Parameter optimization (dynamic trigger): If the similarity of the first detection (subsequent steps) is <90%, the processing control module will automatically start parameter optimization: Based on the actual loss of the fiber optic link (estimated by the received signal strength RSSI), the pulse amplitude will be adjusted in the range of 0.5-5V, with an amplitude step of 0.1V; the pulse frequency will be scanned in the range of 1-10kHz in 1kHz steps to find the optimal value.

[0027] The triggering mechanism for the above parameter optimization steps is as follows: A. Automatic triggering conditions: The initial detection (the first detection for each link) showed a similarity of <90%. The similarity fluctuation is greater than 15% in three consecutive tests (e.g., a sudden drop from 92% to 78%). The RSSI value is sampled in real time at a frequency of 100Hz. When the sampled value is less than -35dBm for 5 consecutive times, parameter optimization is triggered (sampling is performed in real time by the APD photodiode of the receiving device, and the conversion formula is: RSSI=10×log10 (optical power / 1mW)).

[0028] B. Loss estimation model: Based on the optical power attenuation formula: Loss (dB) = 10 × log10 (Pin / Pout), where Pin is the transmitted optical power (-10dBm~0dBm) and Pout is the received optical power; When the loss is greater than 20dB, it is determined to be a long-distance link, and the wide pulse + high amplitude mode is automatically started (e.g., the pulse width is set to 80ns and the amplitude is 4V).

[0029] S3: Optical signal transmission; S31, Electro-optical conversion: The laser diode (1310nm wavelength) of the fiber optic transceiver module converts the conditioned electrical pulses into optical pulses, with the optical power controlled between -10dBm and 0dBm (lower value for short distances, higher value for long distances), and coupled to the link through the fiber optic connector. S32. Transmission characteristic adaptation: For multimode fiber (OM3), the transmitting module automatically switches to the 850nm wavelength, with a maximum transmission distance of 550m and an optical power set to -5dBm. It automatically switches by detecting the difference in optical power between the 850nm and 1310nm wavelengths: if the 850nm power is more than 5dB higher than the 1310nm power, it is determined to be multimode fiber and switches to the 850nm wavelength. For single-mode fiber (G.652), the 1310nm wavelength is used, supporting transmission from 5 to 100km. The built-in VOA (Variable Optical Attenuator) compensates for long-distance loss (increasing power by 3dBm every 10km).

[0030] S4: Signal reception and processing; S41, Photoelectric Conversion: The fiber optic transceiver module of the receiving device converts the optical signal into a weak electrical signal (current of about 10μA) through an APD photodiode, and then converts it into a voltage signal (amplitude of about 0.1V) through a THS4521 transimpedance amplifier. S42, Secondary Conditioning: Amplification: The operational amplifier boosts the signal amplitude to 2V, which meets the input range of the microcontroller's ADC (0-3.3V). Filtering: The adaptive filter dynamically adjusts the cutoff frequency according to the real-time noise spectrum (e.g., when there is ambient light interference, the high-pass filter cutoff frequency is set to 1kHz). Waveform restoration: The pulse edges are reconstructed using a hysteresis comparator to eliminate waveform distortion caused by long-distance transmission. S43. Digital Processing: The processing control module samples the conditioned electrical signal at a sampling rate of 10MHz, extracts frequency features through FFT transformation, and compares them with the preset pulse frequency (error allowed ±5%). A sliding window cross-correlation algorithm is adopted. Random noise is first eliminated by 5-point median filtering, and then the similarity is calculated. The window length is 2 pulse cycles. When the similarity of 3 consecutive windows is ≥95%, the match is determined to be successful.

[0031] The similarity calculation formula is as follows: Similarity =

[0032] Where x is the preset pulse sequence, y is the received signal, and N is the number of window sampling points (N=4000 at a sampling rate of 10MHz).

[0033] S5: Result Determination and Display; S51. Logical Judgment: If the similarity is ≥95%, the processing control module marks the fiber optic link as "correct sequence" and records the similarity value (e.g., 98.3%) and the detection time; if the similarity is <95% for 3 consecutive detections, it is judged as "incorrect sequence", and the storage module records the error type (e.g., signal loss, parameter mismatch). S52, Human-Machine Interaction: Display Output: The 242P6VPJKEB / 93 display shows the status of all links in a table format. Correct links are marked with a green background and a checkmark, while incorrect links are marked with a red background and a cross. The transmitter / receiver port number is also displayed (e.g., “TX01-RX05”). Audible and visual alarm: An error link triggers a buzzer (85dB, 1kHz frequency) and a red LED (10Hz flashing), which will continue for 10 seconds before automatically entering the retry process. S53. Data storage: The storage module stores the detection results in CSV format to the SD card, including fields such as: link number, detection time, pulse frequency, similarity, and whether an alarm is triggered. It also supports exporting the data to a PC for analysis via USB interface.

[0034] Furthermore, the pulse frequency range in S2 is 1kHz-10kHz, the pulse width range is 100μs-500μs, and the check code is generated using a cyclic redundancy check algorithm.

[0035] The pulse frequency is set to 1kHz-10kHz because this frequency band matches the 64MHz operating clock of the STM32 microcontroller to avoid signal distortion, adapts to the bandwidth characteristics of the fiber optic link, and allows for optimization of anti-interference capabilities by adjusting the frequency. The pulse width is set to 100μs-500μs to balance signal integrity and transmission efficiency at different transmission distances. A smaller value is used for short distances to increase the amount of pulses transmitted per unit time, while a larger value is used for long distances to compensate for signal broadening caused by dispersion. The check code is generated using the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) algorithm. By performing polynomial division on the data at the transmitting and receiving ends and comparing the remainders, it can efficiently detect sudden errors or data interference during signal transmission, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of ordered pulse detection information at the transmitting and receiving ends, and guaranteeing the reliability of the fiber optic link sequence.

[0036] Furthermore, the similarity comparison described in S4 uses a cross-correlation algorithm. When a link sequence error is detected, the transmitting and receiving devices will sound an alarm via a buzzer and a flashing red indicator light.

[0037] A cross-correlation algorithm is used for similarity comparison. The principle is to quantify the degree of matching between the received signal and the preset ordered pulse signal in the time domain by calculating the sliding window correlation coefficient. This algorithm can effectively suppress the influence of environmental noise and electromagnetic interference on the signal. By setting a 95% similarity threshold (which can be adjusted according to the actual scenario), it ensures that the sequence is only judged to be correct when the signal characteristics are highly consistent. When a link sequence error is detected, the audible and visual alarm modules of the transmitting and receiving devices are immediately activated. The buzzer emits a continuous 1kHz sound, and the red indicator light flashes at a frequency of 10Hz. Through the dual audible and visual alarm, maintenance personnel are quickly alerted to locate the faulty link. Simultaneously, the device automatically records the port numbers of the transmitting and receiving ends of the faulty link for subsequent manual verification. This mechanism reduces the faulty link location time from tens of minutes of traditional manual troubleshooting to several seconds, significantly improving maintenance efficiency. Furthermore, a parameter optimization step is included after step S1 and before step S2. The parameter optimization step includes adjusting the pulse width according to the transmission distance of the optical fiber link. When the distance exceeds 5km, the pulse width is set to 10~99ns, and when the distance is less than 5km, the pulse width is set to 1~10ns. The pulse amplitude is adjusted between 0.5-5V. When RSSI > -20dBm, it is set to 0.5-1V, and when RSSI < -30dBm, it is set to 3-5V. The pulse width is adjusted according to the fiber optic link transmission distance. When the distance exceeds 5km, significant dispersion effects occur over long distances, causing the optical pulse to broaden and leading to inter-symbol interference. Therefore, the pulse width is set to 10~99ns to allow time redundancy for complete signal resolution. When the distance is less than 5km, the effects of dispersion and attenuation are small, and a narrow pulse of 1~10ns can improve the transmission rate. Simultaneously, the pulse amplitude is adjusted between 0.5-5 volts. The principle is that link loss increases with distance; a low amplitude is used for short distances to reduce power consumption and interference, while a high amplitude is used for long distances to compensate for loss and ensure signal strength at the receiving end. This optimization makes the device compatible with link detection from 0.5km to 100km, and reduces the bit error rate to 10% over long distances. -6 The following features reduce short-range detection time by 50% and automatically match parameters in complex scenarios, improving detection efficiency and anti-interference capabilities.

[0038] Furthermore, the storage module stores the detection results, system configuration parameters, and fault records in real time.

[0039] The storage module uses a pluggable SD card or Flash memory to store test data in real time using the FAT32 file system. During the testing process, it continuously records the test results of each fiber optic link, including link number, test time, pulse frequency, similarity value, and alignment status (correct / incorrect), providing data support for subsequent link performance analysis. System configuration parameters such as preset pulse sequences, frequencies, and widths, as well as the network configuration of the device's communication module and the interface settings of the display module, are also saved simultaneously to ensure rapid recovery of the working state after a restart. The fault log records detailed information on each alignment error, such as error type (signal loss, parameter mismatch, insufficient similarity, etc.), number of attempts, and environmental interference data (such as electromagnetic intensity), helping maintenance personnel trace the root cause of the fault through historical data, optimize test parameters, and achieve digital management of the entire lifecycle of the fiber optic link, significantly improving the operation and maintenance efficiency and reliability of the substation communication system.

[0040] The embodiments described in this specification are merely examples of implementations of the inventive concept. The scope of protection of this invention should not be considered as limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments. The scope of protection of this invention also extends to equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. An automatic fiber optic link sequencing device for a substation, characterized in that, Both the transmitting and receiving devices integrate a processing and control module, a conditioning module, a fiber optic transceiver module, a power supply module, a display module, a storage module, and a communication module. The processing control module is electrically connected to the conditioning module, display module, storage module, and communication module respectively, and is used to generate ordered pulse detection information and control the signal processing flow. The conditioning module is electrically connected to the fiber optic transceiver module and is used to amplify, filter, and shape the electrical pulse signal output by the processing control module. The fiber optic transceiver module is used to convert electrical signals to optical signals and establish a physical connection through a fiber optic link. The display module is connected to the processing control module via an SPI or I²C communication interface to receive and display the sequencing results; The storage module is electrically connected to the processing control module and is used to store preset ordered pulse detection information and detection results; The communication module is electrically connected to the processing control module and is used for synchronous communication between the transmitting device and the receiving device. The power supply module is electrically connected to the processing control module, conditioning module, fiber optic transceiver module, display module, storage module, and communication module, respectively, and is used to provide a stable DC voltage.

2. The automatic sequencing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processing control module uses an STM32G070CBT6TR microcontroller, and the conditioning module includes an AD8066 operational amplifier, a bandpass filter, and a Schmitt trigger circuit.

3. The automatic sequencing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display module uses a color touch screen. Correctly sequenced optical fibers are displayed in green, while incorrect optical fibers are displayed in flashing red along with their location numbers.

4. The automatic sequencing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication module supports Wi-Fi near-field communication, and the storage module uses a pluggable SD card or Flash memory.

5. The automatic sequencing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an audible and visual alarm module, which is connected to the processing and control module. When a link sequence error is detected, it will trigger an alarm by sounding a buzzer and flashing an indicator light.

6. A method for automatic fiber optic link sequencing in a substation based on the device described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Connect the transmitting device and the receiving device to the two ends of the optical fiber link respectively, and establish a synchronous working signal through the communication module; S2: The processing control module generates an ordered electrical pulse signal, which is then amplified, filtered, and shaped by the conditioning module. S3: The conditioned electrical pulse signal is converted into an optical signal by the fiber optic transceiver module and transmitted to the receiving device through the fiber optic link; S4: The receiving device converts the optical signal into an electrical signal. After secondary processing by the conditioning module, the processing control module samples and decodes the signal and compares it with the preset parameters for similarity. S5: Result judgment and display. When the similarity is ≥95%, the link sequence is judged to be correct. The display module outputs the result in graphic or text form and provides audible and visual alarms for erroneous links.

7. The automatic sequencing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pulse frequency range in S2 is 1kHz-10kHz, the pulse width range is 100μs-500μs, and the check code is generated using a cyclic redundancy check algorithm.

8. The automatic sequencing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The similarity comparison described in S4 uses a cross-correlation algorithm. When a link sequence error is detected, the transmitting and receiving devices will sound an alarm via a buzzer and a flashing red indicator light.

9. The automatic sequencing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process includes a parameter optimization step after step S1 and before step S2. The parameter optimization step includes adjusting the pulse width according to the transmission distance of the optical fiber link. When the distance exceeds 5km, the pulse width is set to 10~99ns, and when the distance is less than 5km, the pulse width is set to 1~10ns. The pulse amplitude is adjusted between 0.5-5 volts.

10. The automatic sequencing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The storage module stores the detection results, system configuration parameters, and fault records in real time.

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