Mechanized high-yield and stable-yield planting method for sugarcanes

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly relates to a mechanized high-yield and stable-yield sugarcane planting method which comprises the following steps: alternately and mixedly planting newly-planted sugarcane and ratoon sugarcane in a sugarcane field of more than 10 mu, dividing the sugarcane field into 3-4 equal parts according to the ratoon age limit, reasonably arranging planting areas of the newly-planted sugarcane and the ratoon sugarcane during initial planting, then, 1-2 equal parts are subjected to seed turning every year, the rest equal parts continue to retain roots, and the operation is repeated. According to the method, the influence of climate on the yield is reduced by alternately turning over seeds in different regions and utilizing the characteristic that the yield of ratoon sugarcanes is stable; seed turning labor is dispersed, and labor tension is relieved; seed stems are taken on site, the cost is reduced, and the quality is guaranteed; planting arrangement can be flexibly adjusted according to climate, and mechanized high and stable yield of sugarcane is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly relates to a mechanized high-yield and stable-yield sugarcane planting method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sugarcane is an important economic crop and strategic material in China's agricultural economy, and occupies an irreplaceable position in the development of the national economy. Sugarcane processed into sugar accounts for more than 90% of the total sugar production in China, not only meeting the basic needs of domestic residents for sugar in daily life, but also playing a key role in many fields such as food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and bioenergy, and having a crucial strategic significance for ensuring China's sugar supply security, stabilizing the agricultural industry structure, and promoting the income increase of farmers in major producing areas. The sugarcane planting areas in China are mainly concentrated in the tropical and subtropical regions of South China and Southwest China, which have become the core production areas for sugarcane growth due to their unique climate conditions. For a long time, the traditional planting system of alternating "new planting - ratoon" has been formed.

[0003] In the current sugarcane production practice, the sugarcane producing areas in China generally adopt the planting system of "1 year of new planting and 2-3 years of ratoon", that is, after completing 1 year of new planting of sugarcane, the same sugarcane field will be continuously planted with ratoon sugarcane for 2-3 years. When the ratoon period reaches the upper limit, the whole sugarcane field will be plowed and new planting of sugarcane will be carried out, and then the cycle of "new planting - ratoon" will start again. This planting system is formed due to the characteristics of ratoon sugarcane, such as short growth period and low production cost, which can reduce the input of land preparation, seeding, and other aspects while achieving certain yield and income, so it has been widely used in long-term production.

[0004] However, with the changes in agricultural production conditions, the increase in climate uncertainty, and the improvement of mechanized planting demand, the limitations of the traditional planting system have become increasingly prominent, which has gradually become a prominent problem restricting the high-quality development of the sugarcane industry, specifically in the following aspects:

[0005] First, the traditional planting system is greatly affected by climate conditions, which seriously restricts the stability and timeliness of the planting plan. The new planting link of sugarcane is highly sensitive to climate conditions, and the best planting period usually depends on suitable temperature, precipitation and other natural conditions. In the main sugarcane producing areas of China, the spring season often faces the problem of spring drought, and insufficient soil moisture can cause the seed cane to fail to germinate normally, forcing the planting time to be delayed. In some areas, long-term low temperature and rainy weather can significantly reduce soil temperature and increase the risk of seed cane rot, also delaying the planting schedule. This climate dependence makes it difficult to accurately control the planting time of new sugarcane, often missing the best growth cycle, resulting in a shortened growth period and directly affecting subsequent yield formation. More importantly, under the traditional system, the new planting time of the entire sugarcane field is highly concentrated, and once a regional climate disaster occurs, it will lead to large-scale planting delays, causing a systematic impact on regional sugarcane production.

[0006] Second, the poor germination and emergence quality of new planting cane is a common problem under the traditional planting system, directly leading to yield loss. The germination and emergence process of new planting cane is affected by multiple factors such as seed cane quality, soil conditions, and climate factors. However, under the traditional planting system, large-scale concentrated planting of new planting cane makes it difficult to achieve fine management. In the case of spring drought, insufficient water supply to the seed cane significantly reduces the germination rate; low temperature and rainy environment easily causes seed cane to rot and be infected by diseases, leading to uneven emergence; at the same time, poor soil preparation, improper seed cane treatment, or unreasonable planting depth can exacerbate the phenomenon of broken ridges and missing seedlings. Broken ridges and missing seedlings not only directly reduce the number of effective stems per unit area, but also worsen the ventilation and light conditions in the field, increasing the risk of disease and pest infestation, further affecting the growth and development of remaining sugarcane, forming a vicious cycle of "missing seedlings - reduced yield - quality decline", and having a persistent impact on sugarcane yield.

[0007] Third, the large-scale replanting of seed cane has brought high cost burden and quality risks. In the traditional planting system, when the ratoon period ends, the entire sugarcane field needs to be plowed and replanted with new planting cane, which requires a large amount of seed cane. To meet the demand of large-scale planting, seed cane often needs to be transported from other places, which not only generates high transportation costs, but also causes problems such as seed cane dehydration, mechanical damage, and disease infection, seriously affecting seed cane quality. In addition, it is difficult to strictly control the variety purity and health status of seed cane during large-scale seed cane procurement, which can lead to problems such as mixed varieties and the spread of infected seed cane, posing a risk of yield reduction for subsequent planting. At the same time, the centralized procurement of seed cane can also lead to a short-term imbalance between supply and demand in the seed cane market, pushing up the price of seed cane and further increasing the cost of planting, adding to the economic burden of farmers. For large-scale growers or cooperatives, the centralized storage and management of seed cane also faces great challenges, and improper storage can lead to a decrease in seed cane germination rate, resulting in resource waste.

[0008] Fourthly, the large-area replanting mode makes the planting risk highly concentrated. Once encountering unfavorable factors, the loss will be extremely serious. Sugarcane planting cycle is long, and it needs to go through several months from new planting to harvesting, during which multiple risks such as climate disasters, pest and disease attacks, market fluctuations and the like are faced. Under the traditional system, the whole sugarcane field is simultaneously replanted, which means that all the newly planted sugarcane is in the same growth stage and has the same resistance to risks. If serious drought, flood, typhoon and the like occur after new planting, or a large-scale pest and disease outbreak occurs, the newly planted sugarcane of the whole field will be damaged, and the loss cannot be made up by the income of other plots. In addition, large-area replanting needs to concentrate a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources, including land preparation machinery, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, labor cost and the like. Once the planting fails, the previous investment cannot be recovered, which seriously impacts the economic stability of the planting subject. For small-scale farmers, such concentrated risk often exceeds their risk bearing capacity, which may lead to the dilemma of "suffering from disaster for one year and being difficult to recover for many years".

[0009] In addition, the adaptability of the traditional planting system to the development of modern agricultural mechanization is poor, which further aggravates the production contradiction. With the advancement of agricultural modernization, the mechanization level of sugarcane planting is continuously improved, and land preparation, planting, fertilization and harvesting and the like gradually rely on mechanical operation. However, the large-area concentrated replanting under the traditional system leads to a sharp increase in the demand for machinery in a short period, while the utilization rate of machinery is low in other growth stages, resulting in the idle and waste of mechanical resources. At the same time, the sharp increase in the demand for labor brought by concentrated replanting is in sharp contradiction with the seasonal shortage of rural labor, leading to a substantial increase in labor costs, and even a delay in farm time due to insufficient labor.

[0010] In summary, the current traditional sugarcane planting system of "one year of new planting and two to three years of ratoon" in China has significant defects in climate adaptability, yield stability, cost control, risk resistance and adaptation to mechanization, and cannot meet the needs of modern sugarcane industry for high-quality, high-efficiency and sustainable development. Therefore, developing a new planting method that can reduce the impact of climate, improve yield stability, reduce planting cost, disperse planting risk and adapt to mechanized operation has become a key problem to be solved in the current development of sugarcane industry.

[0011] The information disclosed in this Background section is only intended to increase an understanding of the general context in which the present application can be practiced. It should not be taken as admission that this information forms part of the prior art against which the present application is based. SUMMARY

[0012] The present application provides a sugarcane mechanized high-yield and stable-yield planting method, which aims to solve the technical problems pointed out in the above background.

[0013] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present application is:

[0014] A sugarcane mechanized high-yield and stable-yield planting method, in which new planting cane and ratoon cane are alternately mixed and planted in the same area of 10 mu or more of sugarcane land, comprises the following steps:

[0015] (I) Division of planting area: according to the ratoon years of the ratoon cane in the sugarcane land, the sugarcane land is divided into several equal parts with similar areas according to the number of sugarcane rows;

[0016] (II) Initial planting arrangement: when initially planting, part of the equal parts are planted with new planting cane, and the remaining equal parts are planted with ratoon cane;

[0017] (III) Circulating planting management: in the following years, 1-2 equal parts are replanted (new planting cane is planted) every year, and the remaining equal parts continue to be ratooned, and the cycle is repeated.

[0018] Preferably, in step (I), for sugarcane varieties with poor ratooning performance, the sugarcane land is divided into 3 equal parts; for sugarcane varieties with good ratooning performance, the sugarcane land is divided into 4 equal parts.

[0019] Preferably, if the initial planting is a 1-year new planting and 2-year ratooning planting system, the sugarcane land divided into 3 equal parts is planted with 1-year new planting, 1-year ratooning, and 2-year ratooning, respectively.

[0020] Preferably, when initially planting, for the sugarcane land divided into 3-4 equal parts, 1-2 equal parts with serious lack of seedlings and broken ridges and fewer effective stems are selected for replanting in the first year, and the remaining equal parts are left for ratooning.

[0021] Preferably, for the sugarcane land divided into 3 equal parts and using a 1-year new planting and 2-year ratooning system, in the second year, the original new planting cane left for ratooning becomes 1-year ratooning cane, the original 1-year ratooning cane left for ratooning becomes 2-year ratooning cane, and the original 2-year ratooning cane is replanted to become new planting cane; in the third year, the original 1-year ratooning cane left for ratooning becomes 2-year ratooning cane, the original 2-year ratooning cane is replanted to become new planting cane, and the original new planting cane left for ratooning becomes 1-year ratooning cane; from the fourth year, the above cycle is repeated.

[0022] Preferably, for the sugarcane land divided into 3-4 equal parts, in the second year and thereafter, 1-2 equal parts with serious lack of seedlings and broken ridges and fewer effective stems among the ratooned equal parts in the previous year are selected for replanting every year, and the remaining equal parts continue to be ratooned, until the entire plot is replanted, and then 1-2 equal parts are replanted every year according to the length of the ratooning period, and the cycle continues.

[0023] Preferably, the sugarcane land that continues to be ratooned is improved in yield by means of transplanting and replanting seedlings and strengthening field management.

[0024] Preferably, all mechanized field management operations are carried out along the direction of the sugarcane rows, and the ratooning cane that needs to be replanted is plowed and planted without affecting the production and management of other sugarcane in the same plot.

[0025] With the technical scheme, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The application provides a sugarcane mechanized high-yield and stable-yield planting method, which has the technical characteristics of strong drought and waterlogging tolerance, early germination and emergence, long growth period, and stable yield of ratoon cane. Since only 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the area is newly planted each year, even if the newly planted cane grows poorly due to weather factors, the loss can be made up by strengthening the management of ratoon cane to ensure stable overall yield.

[0027] 2. The mechanized high-yield and stable-yield planting method reduces the demand for labor and disperses the labor time, which is beneficial to securing the planting season, achieving early planting, effectively alleviating the labor shortage, and improving work efficiency.

[0028] 3. The mechanized high-yield and stable-yield planting method can directly cut the newly planted cane in the same piece of land as seed cane, ensuring the freshness and quality of the seed cane, saving the amount of seed used and the cost of seed preparation, and effectively reducing the cost of seed cane.

[0029] 4. The mechanized high-yield and stable-yield planting method can flexibly arrange planting according to weather conditions. If long-term spring drought or low temperature and rain cannot timely plant new cane, the corresponding land can continue to be ratooned for one year, the yield can be improved by strengthening management, the climate risk can be reduced, and the method has the technical characteristic of strong climate adaptability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the application.

[0031] I. Embodiments

[0032] Embodiment 1

[0033] Planting method based on dividing 3 equal parts according to ratooning period

[0034] This embodiment 1 is for sugarcane varieties with poor ratooning performance. A 10 mu sugarcane field (selected from the test field of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences) is implemented with a planting system of 1 year of new planting and 2 years of ratooning, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0035] Step 1: Divide the 10 mu sugarcane field into 3 equal parts according to the number of sugarcane rows, and each part has an area of about 3.3 mu.

[0036] Step 2: Planting arrangement in the first year: the first part is planted with new cane, the second part is planted with 1-year ratoon cane, and the third part is planted with 2-year ratoon cane.

[0037] Step 3: Planting management in the second year: the first part of new cane is left for ratooning and becomes 1-year ratoon cane; the second part of 1-year ratoon cane is left for ratooning and becomes 2-year ratoon cane; the third part of 2-year ratoon cane is replanted and becomes new cane.

[0038] Step 4: Planting management in the third year: the first part of 1-year ratoon cane is left for ratooning and becomes 2-year ratoon cane; the second part of 2-year ratoon cane is replanted and becomes new cane; the third part of new cane is left for ratooning and becomes 1-year ratoon cane.

[0039] Step 5: Starting from the fourth year, the cycle of steps 2-3 is repeated.

[0040] During the planting process each year, mechanized field management operations are carried out along the direction of the sugarcane rows. When replanting the third part of 2-year ratoon cane, the normal management of the other two parts of cane is not affected. The ratooned cane fields are managed by transplanting and replanting, reasonable fertilization, pest control, and other measures to improve yield.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Planting method based on growth status

[0043] This example is for sugarcane varieties with good ratooning performance. A flexible replanting planting system is implemented in a 12 mu (1 mu = 1 / 15 hectare) cane field (selected from the test field of the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences). The specific steps are as follows:

[0044] Step 1: Divide the 12 mu of cane field into 4 equal parts according to the number of sugarcane rows, with each part being 3 mu.

[0045] Step 2: Planting arrangement in the first year: observe the growth status of the 4 parts of cane field, select the third part with severe lack of seedlings and broken ridges, and replant (plant new cane), and continue to leave the first, second, and fourth parts for ratooning, improve yield through transplanting and replanting, and strengthen management.

[0046] Step 3: Planting management in the second year: observe the first, second, and fourth parts of cane field left for ratooning in the previous year, select the second part with severe lack of seedlings and broken ridges, and replant (plant new cane), continue to leave the first part for ratooning (become 2-year ratoon cane), the third part of new cane left for ratooning after replanting (become 1-year ratoon cane), and the fourth part continues to leave for ratooning.

[0047] Step 4: Year 3 planting management: Observe the first, fourth parts of the ratoon cane and newly formed ratoon cane blocks, select the first part of the serious lack of seedling and broken ridge, effective stems, and perform the plowing (plant new cane), the second part of the new cane after plowing remains ratoon (change to the first year ratoon cane), the third part of the first year ratoon cane remains ratoon (change to the second year ratoon cane), and the fourth part continues to remain ratoon.

[0048] Step 5: Year 4 planting management: Observe the growth status of each block, select the fourth part of the serious lack of seedling and broken ridge, effective stems, and perform the plowing (plant new cane), the first part of the new cane after plowing remains ratoon (change to the first year ratoon cane), the second part of the first year ratoon cane remains ratoon (change to the second year ratoon cane), and the third part of the second year ratoon cane remains ratoon (change to the third year ratoon cane).

[0049] Step 6: Year 5 and later, select the serious lack of seedling and broken ridge, effective stems in the third year ratoon cane block for plowing every year, and the remaining blocks are transferred according to the ratoon year, and the process is repeated.

[0050] Throughout the process, mechanical operation is carried out along the direction of the sugarcane row, and plowing operation is carried out separately, which does not affect the management of other blocks.

[0051] II. Setting up a control group and a test group

[0052] The application selects a traditional planting method (1 year new planting + 2 years ratoon whole block plowing) for comparison test.

[0053] Through continuous 4 years of field data monitoring, the differences in yield stability, seedling cost, labor intensity and disaster resistance ability of the two methods are compared.

[0054] The basic information of the test is as follows:

[0055] 1. Test site - test site of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences (10 mu of contiguous sugarcane land, soil type, and uniform fertility);

[0056] 2. Test variety - sugarcane variety "Guitang 42" with medium ratoon;

[0057] 3. Test period - 2021-2024 (4 years);

[0058] 4. Test group - adopt the technical scheme of the application

[0059] 10 mu of sugarcane land is divided into 3 equal parts (3.3 mu each) according to the number of rows, and the "1 year new planting + 2 year ratoon alternate mixed planting" is implemented, 1 part is plowed every year, and the cycle management is carried out;

[0060] 5. Control group - adopt the traditional planting method

[0061] 10 mu of cane land as a whole implements "1 year of new planting + 2 years of ratoon", the first year is new planting in the whole field, the second and third years are ratoon in the whole field, and the fourth year is new planting after the whole field is plowed;

[0062] 6. Both groups use the same mechanized management (soil preparation, fertilization, pest control, harvesting), unified irrigation conditions and planting density.

[0063] III. Statistics of test data from 2021 to 2024

[0064]

[0065]

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] IV. Test summary

[0069] 1. As shown in Table 1, the average yield of the test group (7.0 tons / mu) is significantly higher than that of the control group (6.4 tons / mu), and the yield coefficient of variation (3.2%) is much lower than that of the control group (12.5%), which proves that alternating mixed planting can effectively improve the yield stability of sugarcane.

[0070] 2. As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the test group reduces the cost of seed cane by taking it locally (35.6% lower on average per year), and reduces the labor intensity by dispersing the plowing (40% lower on average per year), with obvious cost advantages.

[0071] 3. As shown in Table 4, in the 2024 spring drought disaster, the yield loss rate (5%) of the test group is only 1 / 4 of that of the control group (20%) due to the low proportion of new planting area, and the post-disaster recovery cost is lower, which reflects strong climate adaptability.

[0072] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred and feasible embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present application. Any equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present application should be within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A sugarcane mechanized high-yield and stable-yield planting method, characterized by, In the same area of 10 mu or more of cane land, new planting cane and ratoon cane are alternately mixed planting, including the following steps: (1) Division of planting area: according to the ratoon cane in the cane land, the cane land is divided into several similar parts according to the number of cane rows; (2) Initial planting arrangement: when initially planting, part of the parts are planted with new planting cane, and the remaining parts are planted with ratoon cane; (3) Circulating planting management: in the following years, 1-2 parts are replanted (planting new planting cane), and the remaining parts continue to be ratooned, and the cycle is repeated.

2. A method of mechanized high and stable yield planting of sugarcane as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step (1), for sugarcane varieties with poor ratooning ability, the cane land is divided into 3 parts; for sugarcane varieties with good ratooning ability, the cane land is divided into 4 parts.

3. A method of mechanized high and stable yield planting of sugarcane as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step (2), when initially planting, for 1-year new planting and 2-year ratooning planting system, the cane land divided into 3 parts is planted with 1-year new planting, 1-year ratooning, and 2-year ratooning, respectively.

4. A method of mechanized high and stable yield planting of sugarcane as claimed in claim 1, wherein, In step (2), when initially planting, for 1-year new planting and 2-year ratooning planting system, the cane land divided into 3 parts is planted with 1-year new planting, 1-year ratooning, and 2-year ratooning, respectively.

5. A method of mechanized high and stable yield planting of sugarcane as claimed in claim 3, wherein, In step (3), for the cane land divided into 3 parts and using 1-year new planting and 2-year ratooning system, in the second year, the original new planting cane becomes 1-year ratooning cane, the original 1-year ratooning cane becomes 2-year ratooning cane, and the original 2-year ratooning cane is replanted as new planting cane; in the third year, the original 1-year ratooning cane becomes 2-year ratooning cane, the original 2-year ratooning cane is replanted as new planting cane, and the original new planting cane becomes 1-year ratooning cane; in the fourth year, the above cycle is repeated.

6. A method of mechanized high and stable yield planting of sugarcane as claimed in claim 4, wherein, In step (3), for the cane land divided into 3-4 parts, in the second year and thereafter, 1-2 parts with serious lack of seedlings and fewer effective stems among the ratooned parts are selected for replanting every year, and the remaining parts continue to be ratooned, until the whole field is replanted, and 1-2 parts are replanted every year according to the length of the ratooning period, and the cycle continues.

7. A method of mechanized high and stable yield planting of sugarcane as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The cane land that continues to be ratooned is improved in yield by transplanting and replanting and strengthening field management.

8. A method of mechanized high and stable yield planting of sugarcane as claimed in claim 1, wherein, All mechanized field management operations are carried out along the direction of the cane rows, and when the ratooning cane is plowed and replanted, it does not affect the production and management of other canes in the same field.

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