A machining device for the center hole of an engine crankshaft

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of crankshaft center hole machining technology and discloses an engine crankshaft center hole machining device, including a machining base. A limiting mechanism is movably connected to the center of the top of the machining base. Positioning mechanisms are fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the limiting mechanism. A placement mechanism is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the machining base. A crankshaft assembly is placed on the top of the placement mechanism, and the crankshaft assembly is located within the positioning mechanism. This invention, by providing an adjusting wheel, an output bevel gear, a transmission bevel gear, and a limiting plate, allows the adjusting wheel to rotate before drilling the center hole. When the adjusting wheel rotates, it drives the output bevel gear to rotate through the output shaft. When the output bevel gear rotates, it drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the transmission bevel gear, thereby causing the rotating sleeve and the limiting plate to rotate. At this time, the angle between the two limiting plates changes, which can support the balance block and allow the crankshaft assembly placed in the limiting plate to be initially and accurately positioned, facilitating subsequent rapid and accurate positioning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crankshaft center hole machining technology, and more specifically to an engine crankshaft center hole machining apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] The engine is hailed as the "heart" of industry, and the crankshaft is one of the key core components of the engine. The function of the crankshaft is to convert the reciprocating linear motion of the piston into rotational motion and output power to the transmission system. During high-speed rotation, the crankshaft is subjected to complex and varied periodic alternating loads, including bending stress, torsional stress and impact loads. Its manufacturing quality directly determines the engine's performance, reliability, stability and service life.

[0003] In the entire crankshaft machining process chain, the machining of the center hole is the first and most crucial step. The center hole serves as the unified positioning datum for all subsequent turning, grinding, and milling processes. Its machining quality directly determines the core accuracy indicators of all critical crankshaft journals, such as coaxiality, roundness, and radial runout. Therefore, the center hole is the datum for the entire crankshaft machining process. If there is any deviation in the center hole, all subsequent finishing processes will accumulate and amplify this error, leading to the scrapping of the entire crankshaft and causing huge economic losses.

[0004] Nowadays, when machining crankshafts, it is necessary to position the crankshaft. Because the crankshaft itself is relatively heavy, when positioning the crankshaft, it is necessary to first place the crankshaft on the side of the chuck, slowly move the crankshaft to the appropriate position, and then perform the precise positioning work of the crankshaft. Therefore, it is not possible to quickly rough position the crankshaft, thus reducing its overall machining efficiency.

[0005] When positioning the crankshaft, it needs to be adjusted by rotating the chuck. The overall adjustment process is very slow. When machining the crankshaft after positioning, when drilling the center hole on the side of the crankshaft, there is a possibility that the crankshaft may move horizontally when it is subjected to force on the side. If the crankshaft moves, it will affect its machining accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide an engine crankshaft center hole machining apparatus to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a machining device for the center hole of an engine crankshaft, comprising a machining base, characterized in that: a limiting mechanism is movably connected to the center of the top of the machining base; positioning mechanisms are fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the limiting mechanism; a placement mechanism is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the machining base; a crankshaft assembly is placed on the top of the placement mechanism; the crankshaft assembly is located within the positioning mechanism; the placement mechanism supports the crankshaft assembly; the limiting mechanism horizontally limits the crankshaft assembly; and the positioning mechanism radially limits the crankshaft assembly.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, grinding components are fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the machining base, and drilling components are movably connected to the sides of the grinding components. The grinding components and drilling components can respectively grind and drill the two sides of the crankshaft assembly.

[0009] The placement mechanism includes a rotatable adjusting wheel, an output shaft fixedly connected to the side of the adjusting wheel, output bevel teeth fixedly connected to both ends of the output shaft, transmission bevel teeth meshing with the sides of the two output bevel teeth that are far apart from each other, a rotating shaft fixedly connected to the side of each transmission bevel tooth that is far away from the output bevel teeth, a rotating sleeve fixedly connected to the side of the rotating shaft, a connecting plate fixedly connected to the top of the rotating sleeve, and a limit plate fixedly connected to the top of the connecting plate.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the crankshaft assembly includes a central journal located at the center, with counterweights fixedly connected to both sides of the central journal, side journals fixedly connected to the sides of the counterweights away from the central journal, and cranks fixedly connected to the sides of the side journals away from the counterweights. A connecting rod journal is fixedly connected inside the crank, and a crankshaft front end is fixedly connected to one side of the crank away from the side journal, while a crankshaft rear end is fixedly connected to the other side of the crank away from the side journal.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a support plate is movably connected to the side of both the rotating shaft and the output shaft. The bottom end of the support plate is fixedly connected to the top end of the machining base. The side of the limiting plate is in contact with the side of the balance block inside the crankshaft assembly.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the limiting mechanism includes a servo motor that provides power, a bidirectional screw fixedly connected to the side of the servo motor, and mirror-symmetrical threaded grooves on both sides of the bidirectional screw. A movable plate is threadedly connected to each threaded groove of the bidirectional screw, and a sliding plate is fixedly connected to the top of each movable plate.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the top end of the sliding plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the positioning mechanism, and when the crankshaft assembly is placed above the placement mechanism, the positioning mechanism is located between the balance block and the crank.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the positioning mechanism includes a support ring for supporting and limiting the movement of the crankshaft assembly. The support ring has three equally spaced limiting grooves inside, and each limiting groove is movably connected to a positioning plate. The top of the support ring has a clearance channel for the crankshaft assembly to pass through. A magnetic plate is fixedly connected to the side of the positioning plate away from the support ring. A limiting rod is movably connected inside the magnetic plate, and an electromagnet is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the limiting rod.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, a fixed box is movably connected to the side of the magnetic plate and the electromagnet. The magnetic plate and the electromagnet are located inside the fixed box, and the magnetic plate can move within the fixed box. A support column is fixedly connected to the side of the fixed box near the support ring, and the side of the support column away from the fixed box is fixedly connected to the side of the support ring.

[0016] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. This invention is equipped with an adjusting wheel, an output bevel gear, a transmission bevel gear, and a limiting plate. Before drilling the center hole, the adjusting wheel is rotated. When the adjusting wheel rotates, it drives the output bevel gear to rotate through the output shaft. When the output bevel gear rotates, it drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the transmission bevel gear, thereby causing the rotating sleeve and the limiting plate to rotate. At this time, the angle between the two limiting plates changes, which can support the balance block and enable the crankshaft assembly placed in the limiting plate to be initially and accurately positioned, which facilitates subsequent rapid and accurate positioning.

[0018] 2. In this invention, after the crankshaft assembly is placed on top of the placement mechanism, the two positioning mechanisms are respectively located between the balance block and the crank on one side. At this time, the servo motor is started. After the servo motor is started, it drives the bidirectional screw to rotate. When the bidirectional screw rotates, the two moving plates move away from each other, which in turn causes the two positioning mechanisms to move away from each other. The two positioning mechanisms contact the crank. At this time, when drilling the center hole, the positioning mechanism supports the crank to prevent the crankshaft assembly from moving horizontally when drilling the center hole.

[0019] 3. This invention comprises a magnetic plate, an electromagnet, a positioning plate, and a support ring. After the crankshaft assembly is initially positioned, the electromagnet is energized in the forward direction, generating a magnetic repulsion force between itself and the magnetic plate. Under the action of the magnetic repulsion force, the magnetic plate drives the positioning plate to move away from the electromagnet. At this time, the three positioning plates move away from the electromagnet synchronously, thereby causing the three positioning plates to move synchronously towards the center of the support ring, accurately positioning the side journal, and thus automatically and quickly achieving accurate positioning of the crankshaft assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the crankshaft assembly and the placement mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the crankshaft assembly and placement mechanism of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the crankshaft assembly structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the placement mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting mechanism structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the positioning mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the positioning mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Machining base; 2. Grinding assembly; 3. Drilling assembly; 4. Crankshaft assembly; 401. Central journal; 402. Balance weight; 403. Side journal; 404. Crankshaft; 405. Connecting rod journal; 406. Crankshaft front end; 407. Crankshaft rear end; 5. Placement mechanism; 501. Adjusting wheel; 502. Output shaft; 503. Output bevel gear; 504. Transmission bevel gear; 505. Rotary... 506. Moving shaft; 507. Rotating sleeve; 508. Connecting plate; 509. Limiting plate; 5000. Support plate; 6. Limiting mechanism; 601. Servo motor; 602. Bidirectional screw; 603. Moving plate; 604. Sliding plate; 7. Positioning mechanism; 701. Support ring; 702. Support column; 703. Fixed box; 704. Positioning plate; 705. Magnetic plate; 706. Limiting rod; 707. Electromagnet. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the forms of the various structures described in the following embodiments are merely illustrative. The engine crankshaft center hole machining device involved in the present invention is not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2as well as Figure 3 The present invention provides a machining device for the center hole of an engine crankshaft, including a machining base 1. A limiting mechanism 6 is movably connected to the center of the top of the machining base 1. Positioning mechanisms 7 are fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the limiting mechanism 6. A placement mechanism 5 is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the machining base 1. A crankshaft assembly 4 is placed on the top of the placement mechanism 5. The crankshaft assembly 4 is located inside the positioning mechanism 7. Grinding components 2 are fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the machining base 1. Drilling components 3 are movably connected to the sides of the grinding components 2. The grinding components 2 and the drilling components 3 can respectively grind and drill the two sides of the crankshaft assembly 4.

[0031] In this embodiment, the grinding assembly 2 and the drilling assembly 3 can respectively grind and drill both sides of the crankshaft assembly 4, so the center holes at both ends of the crankshaft assembly 4 can be machined at the same time, thereby improving the machining efficiency of the crankshaft assembly 4.

[0032] Reference Figure 4 The crankshaft assembly 4 includes a central journal 401 located at the center. Balance blocks 402 are fixedly connected to both sides of the central journal 401. Side journals 403 are fixedly connected to the sides of the balance blocks 402 away from the central journal 401. Cranks 404 are fixedly connected to the sides of the side journals 403 away from the balance blocks 402. Connecting rod journals 405 are fixedly connected inside the cranks 404. A crankshaft front end 406 is fixedly connected to the side of one crank 404 away from the side journal 403, and a crankshaft rear end 407 is fixedly connected to the side of the other crank 404 away from the side journal 403.

[0033] In this embodiment, the crankshaft consists of a central journal 401, a balance block 402, a side journal 403, a crank 404, a connecting rod journal 405, a crankshaft front end 406, and a crankshaft rear end 407. Both the crankshaft front end 406 and the crankshaft rear end 407 require center hole machining. This application performs center hole machining on both the crankshaft front end 406 and the crankshaft rear end 407 simultaneously, improving machining efficiency while eliminating the need for overall rotation of the crankshaft assembly 4. Therefore, double positioning is unnecessary, ensuring machining accuracy.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 5The placement mechanism 5 includes a rotatable adjusting wheel 501. An output shaft 502 is fixedly connected to the side of the adjusting wheel 501. Output bevel teeth 503 are fixedly connected to both ends of the output shaft 502. Transmission bevel teeth 504 mesh with the sides of the two output bevel teeth 503 that are far apart from each other. A rotating shaft 505 is fixedly connected to the side of each transmission bevel tooth 504 that is far away from the output bevel tooth 503. A rotating sleeve 506 is fixedly connected to the side of the rotating shaft 505. A connecting plate 507 is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating sleeve 506. A limiting plate 508 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting plate 507. A support plate 509 is movably connected to the sides of the rotating shaft 505 and the output shaft 502. The bottom end of the support plate 509 is fixedly connected to the top of the processing base 1. The side of the limiting plate 508 is in contact with the side of the balance block 402 inside the crankshaft assembly 4.

[0035] In this embodiment, when the adjusting wheel 501 rotates, it drives the output bevel gear 503 to rotate via the output shaft 502. When the output bevel gear 503 rotates, it drives the rotating shaft 505 to rotate via the transmission bevel gear 504, thereby causing the rotating sleeve 506 and the limiting plate 508 to rotate. At this time, the angle between the two limiting plates 508 changes, which can support the balance block 402 of different models. At this time, the crankshaft assembly 4 placed in the limiting plate 508 will be initially and accurately positioned, which is convenient for subsequent rapid and accurate positioning. The support plate 509 can provide support and play a role in stabilizing the operation of the output shaft 502 and the rotating shaft 505.

[0036] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 6 The limiting mechanism 6 includes a servo motor 601 that provides power. A bidirectional screw 602 is fixedly connected to the side of the servo motor 601. Mirror-symmetrical threaded grooves are opened on both sides of the bidirectional screw 602. A movable plate 603 is threadedly connected to each threaded groove of the bidirectional screw 602. A sliding plate 604 is fixedly connected to the top of each movable plate 603. The top of the sliding plate 604 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the positioning mechanism 7. When the crankshaft assembly 4 is placed above the placement mechanism 5, the positioning mechanism 7 is located between the balance block 402 and the crank 404.

[0037] In this embodiment, the two positioning mechanisms 7 are located between the balance block 402 and the crank 404 on one side. When the servo motor 601 drives the bidirectional screw 602 to rotate, the two sides of the bidirectional screw 602 are provided with mirror-symmetrical threaded grooves, which will cause the two moving plates 603 to move away from each other, thereby causing the two positioning mechanisms 7 to move away from each other. The two positioning mechanisms 7 are in contact with the crank 404. At this time, when drilling the center hole, the positioning mechanism 7 supports the crank 404 to prevent the crankshaft assembly 4 from moving horizontally when drilling the center hole.

[0038] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8The positioning mechanism 7 includes a support ring 701 for supporting and limiting the position. The support ring 701 has three equally spaced limiting grooves inside. A positioning plate 704 is movably connected to each limiting groove of the support ring 701. The top of the support ring 701 has a clearance channel for the crankshaft assembly 4 to pass through. A magnetic plate 705 is fixedly connected to the side of the positioning plate 704 away from the support ring 701. A limiting rod 706 is movably connected inside the magnetic plate 705. An electromagnet 707 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the limiting rod 706. A fixed box 703 is movably connected to the side of the magnetic plate 705 and the electromagnet 707. The magnetic plate 705 and the electromagnet 707 are located inside the fixed box 703, and the magnetic plate 705 can move within the fixed box 703. A support column 702 is fixedly connected to the side of the fixed box 703 near the support ring 701. The side of the support column 702 away from the fixed box 703 is fixedly connected to the side of the support ring 701.

[0039] In this embodiment, the top of the support ring 701 is provided with a clearance channel for the crankshaft assembly 4 to pass through, which facilitates the loading and unloading of the crankshaft assembly 4. Each of the three equally spaced limiting grooves is movably connected to a positioning plate 704. Therefore, when the electromagnet 707 is energized in the forward direction and a magnetic repulsion force is generated between it and the magnetic plate 705, the three positioning plates 704 move away from the electromagnet 707 simultaneously. At this time, the three positioning plates 704 move towards the center of the support ring 701 simultaneously, and the side journal 403 is precisely positioned. This application can perform automatic and fast precise positioning of the crankshaft assembly 4.

[0040] The working principle of this invention is as follows: Before processing, the adjusting wheel 501 is rotated. When the adjusting wheel 501 rotates, it drives the output shaft 502 to rotate. When the output shaft 502 rotates, it drives the two output bevel teeth 503 on its side to rotate. When the two output bevel teeth 503 rotate, they synchronously drive the transmission bevel teeth 504 to rotate. When the transmission bevel teeth 504 rotates, it drives the rotating sleeve 506 to rotate through the rotating shaft 505. When the rotating sleeve 506 rotates, it drives the limiting plate 508 to rotate through the connecting plate 507, thereby adjusting the angle between the two limiting plates 508 so that it matches the angle of the side of the balance block 402.

[0041] After the placement mechanism 5 is adjusted, the crankshaft assembly 4 is placed inside the limiting plate 508. When the crankshaft assembly 4 is placed, the balance block 402 contacts the limiting plate 508. The two positioning mechanisms 7 are located between the balance block 402 and the crank 404 on each side, and the side journal 403 passes through the clearance channel above the support ring 701 and is approximately located at the center of the support ring 701.

[0042] After the crankshaft assembly 4 is placed, the servo motor 601 starts and drives the bidirectional screw 602 to rotate. When the bidirectional screw 602 rotates, it drives the moving plates 603 on both sides to move away from each other or towards each other. When the moving plates 603 move, they drive the positioning mechanism 7 to move as a whole through the sliding plate 604. The positioning mechanism 7 moves away from the balance block 402 and the crank 404 simultaneously, so that the two positioning mechanisms 7 respectively contact and limit the crank 404.

[0043] When the limiting mechanism 6 is adjusted, the electromagnet 707 is energized in the forward direction and generates a magnetic repulsion force between it and the magnetic plate 705. Under the action of the magnetic repulsion force, the magnetic plate 705 moves away from the electromagnet 707. When the magnetic plate 705 moves, it drives the positioning plate 704 to move. At this time, the three positioning plates 704 move synchronously towards the center of the support ring 701, thereby clamping and fixing the side journal 403 at the center of the support ring 701. At this time, the position of the side journal 403 can be accurately fixed, thereby fixing the position of the crankshaft assembly 4.

[0044] After the position of crankshaft assembly 4 is fixed, grinding component 2 moves to the side of crankshaft front end 406 and crankshaft rear end 407 to grind the crankshaft front end 406 and crankshaft rear end 407. After grinding, drilling component 3 moves to the ground surface of crankshaft front end 406 and crankshaft rear end 407 to drill center holes. The center hole processing of crankshaft front end 406 and crankshaft rear end 407 can be carried out simultaneously to improve work efficiency. When crankshaft front end 406 and crankshaft rear end 407 move horizontally during processing, 8 contacts crank 404 and supports it to ensure that the horizontal position of crankshaft assembly 4 does not change. After processing, electromagnet 707 is reverse-energized, so that positioning plate 704 moves away from side journal 403. Servo motor 601 controls bidirectional screw 602 to reverse. At this time, positioning mechanism 7 is located between balance block 402 and crank 404, which can quickly remove the processed crankshaft assembly 4 and put in a new crankshaft assembly 4.

[0045] In conclusion, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machining apparatus for the center hole of an engine crankshaft, comprising a machining base (1), characterized in that: The center of the top of the processing base (1) is movably connected to a limiting mechanism (6), and both sides of the top of the limiting mechanism (6) are fixedly connected to positioning mechanisms (7). The center of the top of the processing base (1) is fixedly connected to a placement mechanism (5), and a crankshaft assembly (4) is placed on the top of the placement mechanism (5). The crankshaft assembly (4) is located inside the positioning mechanism (7). The placement mechanism (5) supports the crankshaft assembly (4). The limiting mechanism (6) horizontally limits the crankshaft assembly (4), and the positioning mechanism (7) radially limits the crankshaft assembly (4). Both sides of the top of the processing base (1) are fixedly connected to grinding components (2), and the sides of the grinding components (2) are movably connected to drilling components (3). The grinding components (2) and drilling components (3) can respectively grind and drill both sides of the crankshaft assembly (4). The crankshaft assembly (4) includes a central journal (401) located at the center, with balance blocks (402) fixedly connected to both sides of the central journal (401), and side journals (403) fixedly connected to the sides of the balance blocks (402) away from the central journal (401), and cranks (404) fixedly connected to the sides of the side journals (403) away from the balance blocks (402). The limiting mechanism (6) includes a servo motor (601) that provides power. A bidirectional screw (602) is fixedly connected to the side of the servo motor (601). Mirror-symmetrical threaded grooves are opened on both sides of the bidirectional screw (602). A movable plate (603) is threadedly connected to the threaded groove of the bidirectional screw (602). A sliding plate (604) is fixedly connected to the top of each movable plate (603). The top end of the sliding plate (604) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the positioning mechanism (7). When the crankshaft assembly (4) is placed above the placement mechanism (5), the positioning mechanism (7) is located between the balance block (402) and the crank (404). The positioning mechanism (7) includes a support ring (701) for supporting and limiting. The support ring (701) has three limiting grooves distributed at equal angles inside. Each limiting groove of the support ring (701) is movably connected to a positioning plate (704). The top of the support ring (701) has an avoidance channel through which the crankshaft assembly (4) can pass. A magnetic plate (705) is fixedly connected to the side of the positioning plate (704) away from the support ring (701). A limit rod (706) is movably connected inside the magnetic plate (705). An electromagnet (707) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the limit rod (706). The magnetic plate (705) and the electromagnet (707) are movably connected to a fixed box (703). The magnetic plate (705) and the electromagnet (707) are located inside the fixed box (703), and the magnetic plate (705) can move inside the fixed box (703). A support column (702) is fixedly connected to the side of the fixed box (703) near the support ring (701). The side of the support column (702) away from the fixed box (703) is fixedly connected to the side of the support ring (701).

2. The engine crankshaft center hole machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crank (404) is internally fixedly connected to a connecting rod journal (405), and the crankshaft front end (406) is fixedly connected to the side of the crank (404) away from the side journal (403), while the crankshaft rear end (407) is fixedly connected to the side of the crank (404) away from the side journal (403).

3. The engine crankshaft center hole machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The placement mechanism (5) includes a rotatable adjusting wheel (501), an output shaft (502) is fixedly connected to the side of the adjusting wheel (501), and output bevel teeth (503) are fixedly connected to both ends of the output shaft (502). Transmission bevel teeth (504) mesh with the sides of the two output bevel teeth (503) that are far apart from each other. A rotating shaft (505) is fixedly connected to the side of each transmission bevel tooth (504) that is far away from the output bevel tooth (503). A rotating sleeve (506) is fixedly connected to the side of the rotating shaft (505), and a connecting plate (507) is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating sleeve (506). A limit plate (508) is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting plate (507).

4. The engine crankshaft center hole machining device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (505) and the output shaft (502) are both movably connected to the side of the support plate (509). The bottom end of the support plate (509) is fixedly connected to the top end of the processing base (1). The side of the limiting plate (508) is in contact with the side of the balance block (402) inside the crankshaft assembly (4).

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