Water surface evaporation meteorological observation raft for large reservoir

Abstract

The invention discloses a water surface evaporation meteorological observation raft for a large reservoir, which comprises an isosceles triangle raft body platform, observation equipment is arranged on the isosceles triangle raft body platform, a wave suppression and absorption guardrail is arranged along the peripheral side wall of the raft body platform, the wave suppression and absorption guardrail comprises a plurality of flexible wave suppression plates, and bidirectional slots are arranged on the peripheral side wall of the raft body platform at intervals. A plurality of flexible wave suppression plates are mutually spliced through two-way slots to form the wave suppression and absorption guardrail, the flexible wave suppression plates can be fixed on the side wall of a raft body platform in an up-down telescopic mode through adjustable mechanisms, each flexible wave suppression plate is formed by splicing an upper half part and a lower half part, the upper half part is a modified polyurethane solid core plate, and the lower half part is a modified polyurethane solid core plate. The lower half part of the flexible wave suppression plate is a hydrogenated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber plate with honeycomb type through holes, and the lower end of the flexible wave suppression plate is connected with a stainless steel counterweight plate; the modified polyurethane solid core plate is used for breaking water surface waves, the hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate with multiple through holes is used for consuming wave energy through fluid friction and vortex shedding, and the stainless steel counterweight plate ensures that the flexible wave suppression plate can naturally droop in water.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a water surface evaporation meteorological observation raft for large reservoirs. BACKGROUND

[0002] Water surface evaporation is a basic element of water balance of reservoirs and an important way of water loss of reservoirs. According to relevant research, through statistics of evaporation data of 7242 large reservoirs worldwide from 1985 to 2016, it is considered that the evaporation loss of reservoirs is greater than the total consumption of industrial and domestic water in the global range. Therefore, accurate water surface evaporation information is of great significance for the dispatching and water regulation of large reservoirs such as the Three Gorges Reservoir, and is also the key to improving the accuracy of runoff simulation and water balance simulation of the basin. In 2013, the Ministry of Water Resources issued the "Water Surface Evaporation Observation Specification" (SL630-2013), which made requirements for the setting and observation of floating water surface evaporation field.

[0003] However, the existing observation raft has inherent defects: the water surface of the reservoir is open and is easily affected by wind and waves, resulting in continuous rocking (heaving, pitching and rolling) of the floating raft. This rocking will cause the water in the evaporation pan to shake violently, increase the non-evaporative water loss (splash out) or gain (surge in), and make the sensor measurement reference surface change all the time, thereby introducing serious errors and reducing the accuracy and reliability of the observation data. This problem is particularly prominent in the case of strong wind and waves, and has become a technical pain point in the industry.

[0004] In addition, similar to large reservoirs such as the Three Gorges Reservoir, the water level of the reservoir has a large seasonal fluctuation (up to 30 meters). The traditional fixed wave protection structure cannot adapt to such a large change in water level, and the wave suppression effect decreases when the water level rises and falls steeply, losing the protection effect.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a special evaporation observation floating raft that can provide ultra-high stability for observation instruments and intelligently adapt to the large changes in the water level of the reservoir. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a water surface evaporation meteorological observation raft for large reservoirs, which has high stability, can effectively suppress the rocking caused by wind and waves, and can adapt to the large changes in the water level of the reservoir, thereby ensuring the long-term accuracy and reliability of the data obtained by the meteorological observation instruments thereon.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the scheme of the present application is: The utility model provides a water surface evaporation weather observation raft for large reservoir, including isosceles triangle raft body platform, is provided with observation equipment on the platform, wherein: wave suppression breakwater is provided with along the raft body platform peripheral side wall, wave suppression breakwater includes flexible wave suppression board, two -way slot is arranged at the interval between the peripheral side wall of raft body platform, and the wave suppression breakwater is formed by the mutual splicing of the flexible wave suppression board through two -way slot, the flexible wave suppression board is fixed on the side wall of raft body platform through adjustable mechanism and can be telescoped up and down, the flexible wave suppression board is spliced by upper half and lower half, and the upper half is modified polyurethane solid core board, and the lower half is hydrogenated nitrile rubber board with honeycomb type multiple perforations, and the lower end of the flexible wave suppression board is connected with stainless steel counterweight plate, wherein: the modified polyurethane solid core board is used for breaking water wave, the hydrogenated nitrile rubber board with multiple perforations is used for consuming wave energy through fluid friction and vortex shedding, and the stainless steel counterweight plate makes the flexible wave suppression board naturally droop in water.

[0008] Further, the water depth of the raft body platform is not greater than half of the thickness of the raft body platform, and the modified polyurethane solid core board is placed above the water surface by the adjusting mechanism, and the hydrogenated nitrile rubber board with honeycomb type perforations is placed below the water surface.

[0009] Further, high modulus polyester fiber mesh is embedded in the pressing of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber board to enhance the tensile strength of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber board.

[0010] Further, the bottom of the stainless steel counterweight plate is in the shape of a circular arc, and triangular protrusions are arranged at intervals along the surface of the circular arc, and the bottom circular arc of the stainless steel counterweight plate and the distribution of the triangular protrusions enable the water flow to form a water flow pressure difference between the bottom circular arc of the counterweight plate and the splicing position.

[0011] Further, the height of the modified polyurethane solid core board is 0.5 meters, and the height of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber board is 1 meter.

[0012] Further, the two-way slot is made of modified polyurethane by pressing and molding, so that the wave suppression breakwater spliced by the two-way slot forms a continuous and complete flexible barrier.

[0013] Further, the adjustable mechanism includes a slide rail arranged on the peripheral side wall of the raft body platform and a slide sleeve arranged on the flexible wave suppression board, a locking bolt is arranged on the slide sleeve, the slide sleeve is sleeved on the slide rail, and the flexible wave suppression board is fixed by locking the locking bolt after adjusting the position of the flexible wave suppression board.

[0014] The scheme further is: the observation device includes an evaporation pond, an evaporation dish, a wind speed sensor, an air humidity sensor and a water temperature sensor, the evaporation pond has an area of 20 square meters, the evaporation pond is arranged at a central position of the raft platform, the evaporation dish has two, the two evaporation dishes are arranged at rear ends of two sides of the evaporation pond, the wind speed sensor and the water temperature sensor are arranged at front ends of the two evaporation dishes respectively, and the air humidity sensor is arranged at the front end of the evaporation pond.

[0015] The scheme further is: the raft platform is a frame structure, including upper and lower isosceles triangle main beam frames arranged in parallel, auxiliary beams arranged between the upper and lower main beam frames and in the main beam frames, and ballast tanks and water pump cabins arranged at lower ends of the frame, the ballast tanks and the water pump cabins are used for adjusting balance and draft depth of the observation raft.

[0016] The scheme further is: the two waists of the main beam frame are 31 m long, the bottom side is 18 m long, and the height between the upper and lower main beam frames is 1.5 m.

[0017] The application has the following beneficial effects: Good stability: the flexible wave-damping plate with deep draft can efficiently dissipate wave energy, suppresses wave disturbance of different periods in a wide frequency band, reduces the swing of the floating raft to a very low level, and provides a nearly static "land-like" platform environment for high-precision evaporation measurement, thereby fundamentally ensuring the accuracy of data.

[0018] Strong environmental adaptability: the innovative vertical height adjustment function enables the observation raft to cope with tens of meters of water level difference between the flood season and the dry season of a large reservoir. The operation and maintenance personnel can easily adjust the draft depth of the wave-damping plate according to the change of the water level, so that the wave-damping plate is always in the best working state, thereby ensuring the wave-damping efficiency at different water level stages and greatly expanding the applicability and durability of the equipment.

[0019] Modularity and maintenance convenience: the system adopts a modular design, the wave-damping plate can be manufactured, transported and installed in segments, and can be replaced individually when partially damaged, without the need for overall hoisting and maintenance, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing, transportation and maintenance costs.

[0020] Little interference to the microenvironment: the flexible material and the porous design change the natural flow state of the water body around the floating raft little while damping the wave, thereby minimizing the interference to the evaporation micro observation environment and ensuring the natural authenticity of the observation data.

[0021] The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a structural plane schematic view of the application; Figure 2 is a structural side partial sectional view of the application; Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the flexible wave plate structure of the present application. Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the flexible wave plate splicing structure of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] A water surface evaporation weather observation raft for large reservoirs, as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the weather observation raft comprises an isosceles triangular raft platform 1, and an observation device is arranged on the platform, wherein: a wave suppression and wave absorbing guardrail 2 is arranged along the peripheral side wall of the raft platform 1, the wave suppression and wave absorbing guardrail comprises a plurality of flexible wave plates 201, bidirectional insertion slots 202 are arranged at intervals between the peripheral side walls of the raft platform, the plurality of flexible wave plates 201 are spliced with each other through the bidirectional insertion slots 202 to form the wave suppression and wave absorbing guardrail 2, the flexible wave plates 201 are fixed on the side walls of the raft platform 1 through an adjustable mechanism 203 and can be telescopically fixed up and down, the flexible wave plates 201 are spliced with an upper half and a lower half, the upper half is a modified polyurethane solid core plate 201-1, and the lower half is a hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate 201-2 with a honeycomb type and a plurality of through holes, a high modulus polyester fiber mesh is embedded in the pressing of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate 201-2 to enhance the tensile strength of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate; a stainless steel counterweight plate 204 is connected and arranged at the lower end of the flexible wave plate; wherein: the modified polyurethane solid core plate 201-1 is used for breaking water waves, the hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate 201-2 with a plurality of through holes is used for consuming wave energy through fluid friction and vortex shedding, and the stainless steel counterweight plate 204 ensures that the flexible wave plate 201 can naturally and vertically hang down in water.

[0024] The raft platform is a frame structure, comprising isosceles triangular main beam frames arranged in parallel at the top and bottom, the two legs 101 of the main beam frame are 31 m long, the bottom edge 102 is 18 m long, and the height between the upper and lower main beam frames is 1.5 m.

[0025] A plurality of support auxiliary beams 103 are arranged between the upper and lower main beam frames and in the middle of the main beam frame, the distance between the support auxiliary beams is 1 m, the main beam frame and the auxiliary beam are made of Q355B low alloy high strength steel, the strength is improved by 40% compared with ordinary Q235 steel, the load bearing capacity can be ensured while the thickness of the material is reduced; a ballast tank (similar to a buoy) and a water pump cabin (not shown in the figure) are arranged at the lower end of the frame, and the ballast tank and the water pump cabin are used to adjust the balance and draft of the observation raft; the ballast tank is injected, discharged and adjusted by a ballast pump arranged in the water pump cabin through a regulating valve box, so as to adjust the draft.

[0026] In the embodiment, the water depth 3 of the raft platform is not greater than half of the thickness of the raft platform, and the modified polyurethane solid core board 201-1 is placed above the water surface by the adjusting mechanism 203, and the hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate 201-2 with the honeycomb perforation is placed below the water surface.

[0027] In order to improve the stability of the raft platform, the stainless steel weight plate 204 is specially designed to have a curved shape with a certain curvature, so as to better adapt to different water flow conditions in a smooth and fluent streamline shape. In the preferred embodiment, the bottom 204-1 of the stainless steel weight plate is in an arc shape, and triangular protrusions 204-2 are arranged at intervals along the arc-shaped surface. The arc 204-1 at the bottom of the stainless steel weight plate of the flexible wave suppression plate and the distribution of the triangular protrusions 204-2 form a water flow pressure difference between the arc at the bottom of the weight plate and the joint, which can guide the flow direction of the water flow, further improve the suppression effect of the spray, and the pressure difference helps to reduce the water flow resistance and improve the stability of the raft platform.

[0028] In the embodiment, the height of the modified polyurethane solid core board is 0.5 meters, and the height of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate is 1 meter.

[0029] The bidirectional slot is made of modified polyurethane by pressing and molding, so that the wave suppression and wave breaking guardrail spliced by the bidirectional slot forms a continuous and complete flexible barrier.

[0030] In the embodiment, the adjustable mechanism 203 includes a vertical sliding rail 203-1 arranged on the peripheral side wall of the raft platform and a sliding sleeve 203-2 arranged on the flexible wave suppression plate. The sliding sleeve 203-2 is sleeved on the sliding rail 203-1, and a locking bolt 203-3 is arranged on the sliding sleeve. After adjusting the position of the flexible wave suppression plate, the locking bolt is locked to fix the flexible wave suppression plate. The vertical sliding rail 203-1 is connected to a positioning clamp 203-4 arranged at the upper end, and the positioning clamp 203-4 is connected and fixed to the main beams 101 and 102 of the main beam frame of the raft platform 1 to position the vertical sliding rail 203-1 on the peripheral side wall of the raft platform.

[0031] In the embodiment, the observation device includes an evaporation pool 4, an evaporation dish 5, a wind speed sensor 6, an air humidity sensor 7, and a water temperature sensor 8. The evaporation pool has an area of 20 square meters and is arranged at the center of the raft platform. The evaporation dish 5 has two evaporation dishes 5 arranged at the rear ends of the two sides of the evaporation pool 4. The wind speed sensor 6 and the water temperature sensor 8 are arranged at the front ends of the two evaporation dishes, respectively. The air humidity sensor 7 is arranged at the front end of the evaporation pool. The evaporation pool is a stainless steel container with a bottom and a periphery closed (connected with the reservoir water body through a pipeline). The top is open. The water temperature in the evaporation pool is basically consistent with the water temperature of the reservoir. The evaporation of the water in the evaporation pool is observed. Through certain conversion calculation, the evaporation of the entire reservoir is calculated. The evaporation dish 5 is an E601B type evaporator.

[0032] The depth measuring pipe is welded with an anti-impact steel plate on the lower end bottom plate. The 20 square meter large evaporation pool and the E601B type evaporator are made of stainless steel, which can effectively reduce the water temperature difference between the water body in the evaporation pool and the water body in the reservoir, better simulate natural water body evaporation, and adopt a spring damping structure at the connection between the 20 square meter large evaporation pool and the E601B type evaporator and the raft platform 1, which can not only slow down the hard collision between the evaporation pool and the raft platform 1, but also reduce the water surface fluctuation of the evaporation pool. The flexible wave suppression plate 201 can effectively reduce the influence of the splashing of the surge on the evaporation observation.

[0033] The observation raft is provided with 12 ballast tanks and 2 water pump tanks for adjusting the balance and water depth of the observation raft. Seven ballast tanks are injected, discharged, and adjusted by the ballast pump of one water pump tank 2 through the adjusting valve box. The other five ballast tanks are injected, discharged, and adjusted by the ballast pump of the other water pump tank through the adjusting valve box. When working, the flexible wave suppression plate 201 on the side of the raft platform 1 can effectively reduce the floating objects entering the raft platform 1 and has a certain wave suppression effect. The 20 square meter large evaporation pool and the E601B type evaporator can effectively reduce the water temperature difference between the water body in the evaporation pool and the water body in the reservoir, better simulate natural water body evaporation, and the surface of the raft platform 1 is paved with double-layer wave suppression plates. The underwater depth and water surface layer position are determined according to the wave height, which can effectively reduce the influence of the splashing of the surge on the evaporation observation. The raft platform 1 integrates an automatic weather station, a self-recording water temperature, and a self-recording evaporation, which can collect evaporation, water temperature, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and other elements in detail and meet the requirements of various hydrological and meteorological analysis.

[0034] The above-mentioned water surface evaporation meteorological observation raft for large reservoirs has the following advantages: Good stability: The flexible wave-damping plate of deep draft can efficiently dissipate wave energy, and suppress wave disturbance of different periods in a wide frequency band, reducing the floating raft's swing to a very low level, providing a nearly static "land-like" platform environment for high-precision evaporation measurement, and fundamentally ensuring the accuracy of data.

[0035] Strong environmental adaptability: The innovative vertical height adjustment function enables the observation raft to cope with tens of meters of water level difference between flood season and dry season of large reservoirs. The operating and maintaining personnel can easily adjust the draft of the wave-damping plate according to the water level change, so that it is always in the best working state, ensuring the wave-damping efficiency at different water level stages, and greatly expanding the applicability and durability of the equipment.

[0036] Modularity and maintenance convenience: The system adopts modular design, and the wave-damping plate can be manufactured, transported and installed in segments. When partially damaged, it can be replaced individually without the need for overall hoisting and maintenance, greatly reducing the manufacturing, transportation and maintenance costs.

[0037] Little interference to micro-environment: The flexible material and porous design change the natural flow state of the water around the floating raft little while damping, minimizing its interference to the evaporation micro-observation environment, and ensuring the natural authenticity of the observation data.

[0038] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present application and the advantages of the present application. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended to encompass all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims. Any reference signs in the claims should not be considered as limiting the claims involved.

[0039] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description manner of the specification is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. A water surface evaporation meteorological observation raft for large reservoirs, comprising an isosceles triangular raft body platform, an observation device is arranged on the platform, characterized in that, The wave pressure absorbing guardrail is arranged along the peripheral sidewall of the raft platform, and comprises a plurality of flexible wave pressure plates. Bidirectional slots are arranged at intervals between the peripheral sidewall of the raft platform, and the plurality of flexible wave pressure plates are spliced together through the bidirectional slots to form the wave pressure absorbing guardrail. The flexible wave pressure plates are fixed on the sidewall of the raft platform through an adjustable mechanism and can be telescopically adjusted up and down. The flexible wave pressure plate is composed of an upper half and a lower half. The upper half is a modified polyurethane solid core board, and the lower half is a hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate with a honeycomb type and multiple perforations. A stainless steel counterweight plate is connected to the lower end of the flexible wave pressure plate. The modified polyurethane solid core board is used to break water waves, the hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate with multiple perforations is used to consume wave energy through fluid friction and vortex shedding, and the stainless steel counterweight plate allows the flexible wave pressure plate to naturally sag in water.

2. The observation raft of claim 1, wherein, The draft depth of the raft platform is not greater than one half of the thickness of the raft platform, and the modified polyurethane solid core board is arranged above the water surface through the adjustable mechanism, and the hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate with a honeycomb type and multiple perforations is arranged below the water surface.

3. The observation raft of claim 1, wherein, High modulus polyester fiber mesh is embedded in the pressing of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate to enhance the tensile strength of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate.

4. The observation raft of claim 1, wherein, The bottom of the stainless steel counterweight plate is in the shape of a circular arc, and triangular protrusions are arranged at intervals along the surface of the circular arc. The bottom circular arc of the stainless steel counterweight plate and the distribution of the triangular protrusions allow water flow to form a water flow pressure difference between the bottom circular arc of the counterweight plate and the splicing position.

5. The observation raft of claim 1, wherein, The height of the modified polyurethane solid core board is 0.5 meters, and the height of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber plate is 1 meter.

6. The observation raft of claim 1, wherein, The bidirectional slots are made of modified polyurethane and are formed by pressing, so that the wave pressure absorbing guardrail spliced through the bidirectional slots forms a continuous and complete flexible barrier.

7. The observation raft of claim 1, wherein, The adjustable mechanism comprises a slide rail arranged on the peripheral sidewall of the raft platform and a slide sleeve arranged on the flexible wave pressure plate. A locking bolt is arranged on the slide sleeve, and the slide sleeve is sleeved on the slide rail. After adjusting the position of the flexible wave pressure plate, the locking bolt is locked to fix the flexible wave pressure plate.

8. The observation raft of claim 1, wherein, The observation equipment comprises an evaporation tank, an evaporation dish, a wind speed sensor, an air humidity sensor and a water temperature sensor. The area of the evaporation tank is 20 square meters, and the evaporation tank is arranged at the center of the raft platform. The evaporation dish has two, and the two evaporation dishes are arranged at the rear ends of the two sides of the evaporation tank. The wind speed sensor and the water temperature sensor are arranged at the front ends of the two evaporation dishes, respectively. The air humidity sensor is arranged at the front end of the evaporation tank.

9. The observation raft of claim 1, wherein, The raft platform is a frame structure, comprising upper and lower parallel arranged isosceles triangle main beam frames, auxiliary beams arranged between the upper and lower main beam frames and in the main beam frames, ballast tanks and water pump cabins arranged at the lower end of the frame, and the ballast tanks and water pump cabins are used to adjust the balance and draft depth of the observation raft.

10. The observation raft of claim 9, wherein, The two legs of the main beam frame are 31 meters long, and the bottom side is 18 meters long. The height between the upper and lower main beam frames is 1.5 meters.

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