Fishway fish passing device based on multi-flow-state coupling

Abstract

The invention discloses a fishway fish passing device based on multi-flow-state coupling, and belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower. The device comprises a dam, a slow-flow fishway and a rapid-flow fishway, the slow-flow fishway and the rapid-flow fishway stretch across the dam, the upstream ends of the slow-flow fishway and the rapid-flow fishway both extend into a water body of an upstream reservoir area of the dam, and the downstream ends of the slow-flow fishway and the rapid-flow fishway both extend to the downstream of the dam. The slow flow fishway and the rapid flow fishway are arranged in the fishway fish passing device, the ecological requirements and the fish passing requirements of fishes with different habits like slow flow and rapid flow are fully considered, the water flow form in the fishway is enriched, and the fish passing effect can be improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a fishway fish passing device based on multi-flow state coupling, belonging to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of hydropower energy development, although the construction of hydropower station dam brings considerable economic benefits, it also causes irreparable trauma to the river ecosystem. The dam across the river cuts off the natural migration channel of fish. Many fish need to migrate seasonally, or to find suitable spawning grounds, or to find food resources. The existence of the dam prevents the return, migration and reproduction of fish upstream and downstream of the dam site, and seriously hinders the gene exchange between fish upstream and downstream. Taking Chinese sturgeon as an example, as an ancient migratory fish, its breeding population has decreased sharply due to the blockage of its migration route by water conservancy projects such as Gezhou Dam. At the same time, part of the fish that likes torrent cannot survive in the reservoir area due to the change of water flow conditions. If there is no suitable upstream river channel with torrent water, fish lack the necessary water flow stimulation, and it is difficult to complete the process of spawning and breeding offspring, which directly leads to shortage or even loss of fish resources. Fish with return habits in the downstream also cannot break through the obstruction of the reservoir dam, causing damage to their population breeding, and some rare fish are even on the verge of extinction. To alleviate this dilemma, people usually use fish lifting machines and fishways as ecological protection measures to maintain the exchange and breeding of fish upstream and downstream of the hydropower station reservoir. For low hydropower station dam body, bionic fishway has gradually become an important channel for fish exchange. However, the current common fishway design has obvious defects. Restricted by the design factors of upstream and downstream water inlet and outlet engineering, the water flow form in the fishway is single, and the ecological needs of fish that like slow flow and rapid flow are not fully considered. This makes it difficult for many fish to adapt to the water flow environment in the fishway, resulting in poor fish passing effect in some fishways. SUMMARY

[0003] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a fishway fish passing device based on multi-flow state coupling.

[0004] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions: A fishway fish passing device based on multi-flow state coupling, comprising a dam, a slow flow fishway and a rapid flow fishway, the slow flow fishway and the rapid flow fishway cross the dam, and the upstream end of the slow flow fishway and the rapid flow fishway extends into the water body of the upstream reservoir area of the dam, and the downstream end of the slow flow fishway and the rapid flow fishway extends to the downstream of the dam.

[0005] The slow-flow fishway comprises a lower fishway A and an upper fishway A, the upstream end of the lower fishway A extends into the water upstream of the dam, and the upstream end of the lower fishway A is provided with a water inflow adjusting assembly, the downstream end of the lower fishway A is closed, the upper fishway A is arranged on the lower fishway A, and a plurality of water passing holes are formed in the bottom plate of the upper fishway A and are communicated with the lower fishway A, and the downstream end of the upper fishway A is provided with a downstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring slow flow, and the upstream end is provided with an upstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring slow flow.

[0006] The lower fishway A is provided with a fish-bone-shaped energy dissipater A, which comprises a fish vertebra-shaped body and a plurality of rib plates arranged on both sides of the fish vertebra-shaped body.

[0007] The end of the plurality of rib plates away from the fish vertebra-shaped body is inclined to the upstream of the river channel relative to the other end, and the long rib plates and the short rib plates are alternately arranged in the transverse direction of the lower fishway A.

[0008] A plurality of energy dissipating holes are formed in the rib plates, and the number of the energy dissipating holes on the rib plates gradually decreases from the upstream end to the downstream end of the lower fishway A.

[0009] The upper fishway A is a baffle type biomimetic fishway, and the downstream end of the upper fishway A is connected to the bottom of the river channel through two baffle walls arranged side by side.

[0010] The rapid-flow fishway shares one side wall with the slow-flow fishway, the rapid-flow fishway comprises a lower fishway B and an upper fishway B, the lower fishway B is located in the water upstream of the dam, the upstream end of the lower fishway B is provided with a water inflow adjusting assembly, and the downstream end of the lower fishway B is closed, the upper fishway B is arranged on the lower fishway B, and a plurality of water passing holes are formed in the bottom plate of the upper fishway B and are communicated with the downstream section of the lower fishway B, the downstream end of the upper fishway B is provided with a downstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring rapid flow, and the upstream end is provided with an upstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring rapid flow.

[0011] The lower fishway B is a biomimetic fishway, two rows of fish-bone-shaped energy dissipaters B are arranged in the middle and upper reaches of the lower fishway B, and a plurality of roller guide vanes are arranged in a staggered and spaced manner on the side walls of the downstream section of the lower fishway B. The upper fishway B is a baffle type biomimetic fishway.

[0012] The water inflow adjusting assembly comprises, from downstream to upstream, a maintenance gate, a gate and a trash rack.

[0013] The upstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring slow flow are formed on the upstream end of the upper fishway A and are away from the side wall of the rapid-flow fishway, an L-shaped water retaining wall is arranged at the upstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring slow flow on the upper fishway A, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped water retaining wall and the upper fishway A faces the downstream of the river channel. The upstream inlet and outlet of the rapid-flow fish are arranged on the side wall of the upper fishway B away from the slow-flow fishway, and an L-shaped water retaining wall is arranged at the upstream inlet and outlet of the rapid-flow fish in the upper fishway B, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped water retaining wall and the upper fishway B faces the downstream of the river channel.

[0014] The present application has the advantages of: 1. The slow-flow fishway and the rapid-flow fishway are arranged in the fishway fish passing device, the ecological needs and fish passing needs of different habit fish species are fully considered, the water flow pattern in the fishway is enriched, and the fish passing effect is improved.

[0015] 2. Since the long rib plate and the short rib plate are alternately arranged in the transverse direction of the lower fishway A, the gap width between the rib plate and the side wall of the lower fishway A is alternately arranged, and the end of the rib plate away from the fish spine-shaped main body is inclined to the upstream of the river channel relative to the other end, so that the energy dissipation effect of the fish bone-shaped energy dissipator A on the water flow in the lower fishway A is improved.

[0016] 3. A plurality of energy dissipation holes are arranged on the rib plate, and the number of energy dissipation holes on the rib plate gradually decreases from the upstream end to the downstream end of the lower fishway A, which improves the flow capacity of the fish bone-shaped energy dissipator A and realizes efficient energy dissipation through the energy dissipation holes.

[0017] 4. The downstream end of the upper fishway A is connected with the river channel bottom through two side-by-side arranged partition walls, which is beneficial to create a slow-flow ecological environment at the downstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish, helps the slow-flow fish to upstream, and can also block the disturbance of the rapid flow discharged from the downstream inlet and outlet of the rapid-flow fish in the upper fishway B to the water body at the downstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish.

[0018] 5. L-shaped water retaining walls are arranged at the upstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish and the upstream inlet and outlet of the rapid-flow fish respectively, the L-shaped water retaining walls have a surrounding effect, can avoid that the water body in the upstream reservoir of the dam directly flows into the upper fishway A and the upper fishway B along the flow direction, is beneficial to maintain the stability of the water flow velocity in the upper fishway A and the upper fishway B, and is convenient for fish to enter and exit the upstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish and the upstream inlet and outlet of the rapid-flow fish. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Figure 1 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the dam, the lower fishway A and the lower fishway B of the present application; Figure 2 It is a sectional view along A-A of the lower fishway A in Figure 1 Figure 3 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the dam, the upper fishway A and the upper fishway B of the present application; Figure 4 It is a sectional view along B-B; Figure 3 ​​Figure 5 As Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along C-C; Figure 6 A structural schematic diagram of the water inflow adjusting assembly of the application; Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of the trash rack of the application; Figure 8 A structural schematic diagram of the gate of the application.

[0020] In the figure: 1 - trash rack, 2 - gate, 3 - maintenance gate, 4 - bionic fishway, 5 - L-shaped water retaining wall, 6 - lower fishway A, 7 - roller guide vane, 8 - downstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring slow current, 9 - fish bone-shaped energy dissipater B, 10 - fish bone-shaped energy dissipater A, 100 - fish spine-shaped main body, 101 - rib plate, 11 - upper fishway A, 12 - energy dissipation hole, 14 - gate installation groove, 15 - trash rack pulley, 16 - trash rack installation groove, 17 - gate pulley, 18 - dam, 19 - water passage, 20 - partition wall, 21 - downstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring rapid current, 22 - lower fishway B, 23 - upper fishway B. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions of the application are described further below, but the scope of protection is not limited to the description.

[0022] As Figures 1 to 8 shown, the fishway fish passing device based on multi-flow state coupling of the application comprises a dam 18, a slow current fishway and a rapid current fishway, the slow current fishway and the rapid current fishway cross the dam 18, and the upstream end of the slow current fishway and the upstream end of the rapid current fishway both extend into the water body of the upstream reservoir area of the dam 18, and the downstream end of the slow current fishway and the downstream end of the rapid current fishway both extend to the downstream of the dam 18. The slow current fishway and the rapid current fishway are arranged in the fishway fish passing device, the ecological needs and fish passing needs of fish species preferring slow current and fish species preferring rapid current are fully considered, the water flow pattern in the fishway is enriched, and the fish passing effect can be improved.

[0023] The slow current fishway comprises a lower fishway A 6 and an upper fishway A 11, the upstream end of the lower fishway A 6 extends into the water body of the upstream of the dam 18, and the upstream end of the lower fishway A 6 is provided with a water inflow adjusting assembly, the downstream end of the lower fishway A 6 is closed, the upper fishway A 11 is arranged on the lower fishway A 6, and a plurality of water passages 19 are formed in the bottom plate of the upper fishway A 11 and communicate with the lower fishway A 6, and the downstream end of the upper fishway A 11 is provided with a downstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring slow current 8, and the upstream end is provided with an upstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring slow current. The water inflow adjusting assembly is used to adjust the water inflow into the slow current fishway. The water flow entering the lower fishway A 6 enters the upper fishway A 11 after energy dissipation through the bottom plate of the upper fishway A 11.

[0024] The lower fishway A6 is internally provided with fish-bone-shaped energy dissipaters A10, which include fish vertebra-shaped bodies 100 and multiple rib plates 101 arranged on both sides of the fish vertebra-shaped bodies 100. The fish-bone-shaped energy dissipaters A10 are arranged in the entire length direction of the lower fishway A6, and the water flow entering the lower fishway A6 is dissipated by the fish-bone-shaped energy dissipaters A10.

[0025] The ends of the multiple rib plates 101 away from the fish vertebra-shaped bodies 100 are inclined to the upstream of the riverway relative to the other ends, and the long rib plates 101 and the short rib plates 101 are alternately arranged in the transverse direction of the lower fishway A6. Since the long rib plates 101 and the short rib plates 101 are alternately arranged in the transverse direction of the lower fishway A6, the gap widths between the rib plates 101 and the side walls of the lower fishway A6 are alternately arranged in narrow and wide, and combined with the inclination of the ends of the rib plates 101 away from the fish vertebra-shaped bodies 100 to the upstream of the riverway relative to the other ends, the energy dissipation effect of the fish-bone-shaped energy dissipaters A10 on the water flow in the lower fishway A6 can be improved.

[0026] The rib plates 101 are provided with multiple energy dissipation holes 12, and the number of the energy dissipation holes 12 on the rib plates 101 gradually decreases from the upstream end to the downstream end of the lower fishway A6. The multiple energy dissipation holes 12 are arranged on the rib plates 101, and the number of the energy dissipation holes 12 on the rib plates 101 gradually decreases from the upstream end to the downstream end of the lower fishway A6, which not only improves the flow capacity of the fish-bone-shaped energy dissipaters A10, but also realizes efficient energy dissipation by the energy dissipation holes 12.

[0027] The upper fishway A11 is a baffle type bionic fishway, and the downstream end of the upper fishway A11 is connected with the riverway bottom through two baffle walls 20 arranged side by side. The downstream end of the upper fishway A11 is connected with the riverway bottom through two baffle walls 20 arranged side by side, which is conducive to creating a slow-flow ecological environment at the downstream inlet and outlet 8 of the slow-flow fish, helping the slow-flow fish to upstream, and also blocking the disturbance of the water body at the downstream inlet and outlet 8 of the slow-flow fish caused by the rapid flow discharged from the downstream inlet and outlet 21 of the rapid-flow fish in the upper fishway B23.

[0028] The rapid-flow fishway and the slow-flow fishway share one side wall, the rapid-flow fishway includes a lower fishway B22 and an upper fishway B23, the lower fishway B22 is located in the water body upstream of the dam 18, the upstream end of the lower fishway B22 is provided with a water inflow adjusting assembly, and the downstream end of the lower fishway B22 is closed, the upper fishway B23 is arranged on the lower fishway B22, and multiple water passing holes 19 are arranged on the bottom plate of the upper fishway B23 near the upstream end to communicate with the downstream section of the lower fishway B22, and the downstream end of the upper fishway B23 is provided with a downstream inlet and outlet 21 for the rapid-flow fish, and the upstream end is provided with an upstream inlet and outlet for the rapid-flow fish. The rapid-flow fishway and the slow-flow fishway share one side wall, which is conducive to reducing the construction cost of the fishway fish passing device; the water inflow adjusting assembly is used to adjust the water inflow of the lower fishway B22.

[0029] The lower fishway B22 is a bionic ecological fishway 4, two rows of fish bone-shaped energy dissipaters B9 are arranged in the middle and upper reaches of the lower fishway B22, and a plurality of roller guide vanes 7 are arranged on the side walls of the downstream section of the lower fishway B22 in a staggered and spaced manner; The upper fishway B23 is a baffle type bionic ecological fishway. The water flow entering the lower fishway B22 is energy dissipated by the two rows of fish bone-shaped energy dissipaters B9 and the roller guide vanes 7.

[0030] The water inflow adjusting assembly comprises, from downstream to upstream, a maintenance gate 3, a gate 2 and a trash rack 1. The upstream ends of the side walls of the lower fishway A6 and the upstream ends of the side walls of the lower fishway B22 are provided with gate installation grooves 14 corresponding to the maintenance gate 3 and the gate 2, and are provided with trash rack installation grooves 16 corresponding to the trash rack 1. The maintenance gate 3 and the gate 2 are slidably connected with the gate installation grooves 14, and the maintenance gate 3 and the gate 2 are rotatably installed with gate pulleys 17 on both sides of the fishway in the transverse direction. The trash rack 1 is slidably connected with the trash rack installation grooves 16, and the trash rack 1 is rotatably installed with trash rack pulleys 15 on both sides of the fishway in the transverse direction.

[0031] The trash rack 1 effectively intercepts floating objects in the water body upstream of the dam 18, preventing large-volume floating objects from entering the fishway fish passing device and affecting fish passage. The gate 2 is used to adjust the water inflow into the lower fishway B22, and the maintenance gate 3 is used when the rapid flow fishway or the slow flow fishway needs to be maintained, creating conditions for comprehensive maintenance. The gate 2 and the maintenance gate 3 have complementary standby functions, greatly improving the flexibility of gate operation and management.

[0032] The upstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish are arranged on the side wall of the upstream end of the upper fishway A11 away from the rapid flow fishway, and an L-shaped water retaining wall 5 is arranged on the upper fishway A11 at the upstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped water retaining wall 5 and the upper fishway A11 faces downstream of the river channel. The upstream inlet and outlet of the rapid-flow fish are arranged on the side wall of the upstream end of the upper fishway B23 away from the slow-flow fishway, and an L-shaped water retaining wall 5 is arranged on the upper fishway B23 at the upstream inlet and outlet of the rapid-flow fish, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped water retaining wall 5 and the upper fishway B23 faces downstream of the river channel. L-shaped water retaining walls 5 are arranged at the upstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish and the upstream inlet and outlet of the rapid-flow fish, respectively. The L-shaped water retaining wall 5 plays a blocking role, preventing the water body upstream of the dam 18 from directly flowing into the upper fishway A11 and the upper fishway B23 along the flow direction, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of the water flow in the upper fishway A11 and the upper fishway B23. At the same time, it is convenient for fish to enter and exit the upstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish and the upstream inlet and outlet of the rapid-flow fish.

[0033] The fishway fish passing device based on multi-flow state coupling has the following working principle or operation process: I. For the slow flow fishway, the gate 2 and the maintenance gate 3 are opened, and the water volume of the upstream reservoir area of the dam 18 is adjusted to enter the lower fishway A6. The water flow entering the lower fishway A6 first passes through the fishbone-shaped energy dissipater A10 and the energy dissipation holes 12 thereon for energy dissipation, then passes through the bottom plate of the upper fishway A11 for energy dissipation, and then enters the upper fishway A11 through the plurality of water passing holes 19 on the bottom plate of the upper fishway A11, and finally passes through the plurality of partitions in the upper fishway A11 for energy dissipation to form slow flow, thereby providing an ideal channel for the upstream and downstream migration of slow flow fish.

[0034] The slow flow fish downstream of the dam 18 enters the upper fishway A11 through the slow flow fish downstream inlet and outlet 8, then migrates upstream along the upper fishway A11, and finally enters the water body of the upstream reservoir area of the dam 18 through the slow flow fish upstream inlet and outlet, thereby realizing upstream migration.

[0035] II. For the rapid flow fishway, the gate 2 and the maintenance gate 3 are opened, and the water volume of the upstream reservoir area of the dam 18 is adjusted to enter the lower fishway B22. The water flow entering the lower fishway B22 first passes through the two rows of fishbone-shaped energy dissipaters B9 and the roller guide vanes 7 for energy dissipation, then passes through the bottom plate of the upper fishway B23 for energy dissipation, and then enters the upstream section of the upper fishway B23 through the plurality of water passing holes 19 on the bottom plate of the upper fishway B23, and finally passes through the plurality of partitions in the upper fishway B23 for energy dissipation to form turbulent flow, thereby providing an ideal channel for the upstream and downstream migration of rapid flow fish.

[0036] The rapid flow fish downstream of the dam 18 enters the upper fishway B23 through the rapid flow fish downstream inlet and outlet 21, then migrates upstream along the upper fishway B23, and finally enters the water body of the upstream reservoir area of the dam 18 through the rapid flow fish upstream inlet and outlet, thereby realizing upstream migration.

Claims

1. A fishway fish passing device based on multi-flow state coupling, characterized in that: The dam (18) comprises a slow-flow fishway and a rapid-flow fishway, the slow-flow fishway and the rapid-flow fishway cross the dam (18), and the upstream ends of the slow-flow fishway and the rapid-flow fishway extend into the water body upstream of the dam (18), and the downstream ends of the slow-flow fishway and the rapid-flow fishway extend downstream of the dam (18).

2. The multi-flow regime based coupled fishway device according to claim 1, wherein: The slow-flow fishway comprises a lower fishway A (6) and an upper fishway A (11), the upstream end of the lower fishway A (6) extends into the water body upstream of the dam (18), and the upstream end of the lower fishway A (6) is provided with a water inflow adjusting assembly, the downstream end of the lower fishway A (6) is closed, the upper fishway A (11) is arranged on the lower fishway A (6), a plurality of water passing holes (19) are formed in the bottom plate of the upper fishway A (11) and are in communication with the lower fishway A (6), the downstream end of the upper fishway A (11) is provided with a downstream inlet and outlet (8) for fish species preferring slow flow, and the upstream end of the upper fishway A (11) is provided with an upstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring slow flow.

3. The multi-flow regime based coupled fishway device according to claim 2, wherein: The lower fishway A (6) is provided with a fish-bone-shaped energy dissipater A (10), and the fish-bone-shaped energy dissipater A (10) comprises a fish vertebra-shaped main body (100) and a plurality of rib plates (101) arranged on both sides of the fish vertebra-shaped main body (100).

4. The fish pass device based on coupling of multiple flow regimes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ends of the plurality of rib plates (101) away from the fish vertebra-shaped main body (100) are inclined to the upstream of the river channel relative to the other ends, and the long rib plates (101) and the short rib plates (101) are arranged alternately in the transverse direction of the lower fishway A (6).

5. The fish pass device based on coupling of multiple flow regimes according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A plurality of energy dissipating holes (12) are formed in the rib plates (101), and the number of the energy dissipating holes (12) on the rib plates (101) gradually decreases from the upstream end to the downstream end of the lower fishway A (6).

6. The multi-flow regime based coupled fishway device according to claim 2, wherein: The upper fishway A (11) is a baffle type biomimetic fishway, and the downstream end of the upper fishway A (11) is connected to the bottom of the river channel through two baffle walls (20) arranged side by side.

7. The multi-flow regime based coupled fishway device according to claim 2, wherein: The rapid-flow fishway shares one side wall with the slow-flow fishway, the rapid-flow fishway comprises a lower fishway B (22) and an upper fishway B (23), the lower fishway B (22) is located in the water body upstream of the dam (18), the upstream end of the lower fishway B (22) is provided with a water inflow adjusting assembly, and the downstream end of the lower fishway B (22) is closed, the upper fishway B (23) is arranged on the lower fishway B (22), a plurality of water passing holes (19) are formed in the bottom plate of the upper fishway B (23) and are in communication with the downstream section of the lower fishway B (22), the downstream end of the upper fishway B (23) is provided with a downstream inlet and outlet (21) for fish species preferring rapid flow, and the upstream end of the upper fishway B (23) is provided with an upstream inlet and outlet for fish species preferring rapid flow.

8. The multi-flow regime based coupled fishway device according to claim 7, wherein: The lower fishway B (22) is a biomimetic fishway (4), two rows of fish-bone-shaped energy dissipaters B (9) are arranged in the middle and upper stream section of the lower fishway B (22), and a plurality of roller guide vanes (7) are arranged in a staggered and spaced manner on the side walls of the downstream section of the lower fishway B (22). The upper fishway B (23) is a baffle type biomimetic fishway.

9. The multi-flow regime based coupled fishway device according to claim 2, 7 or 8, wherein: The water inflow adjusting assembly comprises, from downstream to upstream, a maintenance gate (3), a gate (2) and a trash rack (1).

10. The multi-flow regime based coupled fishway device according to claim 7, wherein: The upstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish are arranged on the side wall of the upstream end of the upper fishway A (11) away from the side wall of the rapid-flow fishway, and the upper fishway A (11) is provided with an L-shaped water retaining wall (5) at the upstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped water retaining wall (5) and the upper fishway A (11) faces the downstream of the river channel; The upstream inlet and outlet of the rapid-flow fish are arranged on the side wall of the upstream end of the upper fishway B (23) away from the side wall of the slow-flow fishway, and the upper fishway B (23) is provided with an L-shaped water retaining wall (5) at the upstream inlet and outlet of the rapid-flow fish, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped water retaining wall (5) and the upper fishway B (23) faces the downstream of the river channel.

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