Marine ecological monitoring station overweight component hoisting method

Abstract

The invention provides a hoisting method for an overweight component of a marine ecological monitoring station, which belongs to the technical field of hoisting of the overweight component and comprises the following steps: step 1, carrying out early-stage preparation for hoisting construction of the overweight component of the marine ecological monitoring station; step 2, carrying out in-plant transportation and barge falling on the prefabricated component hoisted by the marine ecological monitoring station overweight component; step 3, carrying out open-sea field hoisting on the prefabricated component for hoisting the overweight component of the marine ecological monitoring station; 4, construction monitoring and emergency guarantee are conducted on hoisting of the overweight component of the marine ecological monitoring station. By optimizing operation window period selection, a precise positioning technology, a special lifting appliance design and a transportation reinforcement scheme, safe, efficient and precise lifting of the overweight component in the open sea is achieved, and the construction quality and the construction progress of a monitoring platform are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of heavy component hoisting technology, specifically relating to a method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of the marine ecological monitoring system construction, as mentioned in the prior art solution with patent publication number "CN120235514B", the construction of offshore monitoring platforms, as core facilities, faces numerous technical challenges. The prefabricated components of such monitoring platforms (e.g., concrete casings weighing up to 664.26t each, and upper monitoring platforms weighing up to 1015t each) are characterized by their large size and heavy weight. Furthermore, the construction areas are mostly located more than 30 kilometers offshore, facing challenges such as large waves (significant wave height up to 7.28m), rapid currents (average ebb tide velocity of 0.78-1.558m / s), and harsh weather conditions (frequent typhoons and concentrated thunderstorms).

[0003] Existing hoisting technologies have the following shortcomings: Short operating window: The complex climate and hydrological conditions in the open sea, and the traditional hoisting schemes do not fully take into account the tidal and wave patterns, resulting in insufficient effective operating time and low construction efficiency.

[0004] Poor component positioning accuracy: Outer sea waves and currents can easily cause the crane vessel and components to sway. Traditional hoisting methods lack a precise positioning correction mechanism, making it difficult to meet the accuracy requirements of component installation (such as the docking error between the caisson and the steel pipe pile needs to be controlled within ±5cm).

[0005] Insufficient adaptability of lifting equipment: The design of lifting points and selection of lifting slings for heavy components are not optimized for the structural characteristics of different components (concrete cofferdam, upper platform, crash barrier), which poses the risk of uneven stress and insufficient safety factor.

[0006] Poor transportation stability: During the water transportation of components from the prefabrication plant to the construction site, there is a lack of targeted binding and reinforcement measures, which can easily lead to component displacement or damage due to the turbulence of the ship.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for hoisting heavy components that is suitable for offshore environments and balances safety and efficiency, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for hoisting heavy components for marine ecological monitoring stations. By optimizing the selection of operational windows, employing precise positioning technology, designing specialized lifting equipment, and implementing transportation and reinforcement schemes, the method achieves safe, efficient, and precise hoisting of heavy components in offshore areas, ensuring the construction quality and progress of the monitoring platform.

[0009] The present invention employs the following technical solution.

[0010] A method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station includes: Step 1: Conduct preliminary preparations for the hoisting of overweight components for the marine ecological monitoring station; Step 2: Transport and unload the prefabricated components for the heavy-duty hoisting of the marine ecological monitoring station within the factory. Step 3: On-site hoisting of prefabricated components for the heavy-duty marine ecological monitoring station in the open sea; Step 4: Construction monitoring and emergency support for the hoisting of overweight components for marine ecological monitoring stations.

[0011] Furthermore, step 1 includes: Step 1-1: Determine the operational window for hoisting the overweight components of the marine ecological monitoring station; Steps 1-2: Prepare the prefabricated components and site for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; Steps 1-3: Prepare equipment and lifting tools for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station.

[0012] Furthermore, step 1-1 specifically includes: Based on hydrological and meteorological data of the construction area, hoisting operations will be scheduled from late May to late August each year to avoid typhoon and thunderstorm periods; For single-day operations, choose 1-2 hours after high tide.

[0013] Furthermore, steps 1-2 specifically include: Prefabrication site selection: Select an offshore engineering base with heavy component prefabrication capabilities. The base should be equipped with more than 2 prefabrication production lines, 20 large component prefabrication platforms, 5000t trolleys and a shipping wharf to meet the prefabrication and shipping needs of concrete cofferdams and the upper monitoring platform of the marine ecological monitoring station. Prefabrication optimization of components: Fixed concrete pier foundations are set on both sides of the prefabrication platform for heavy components, and movable jack foundations are set on the other two sides.

[0014] Furthermore, steps 1-3 specifically include: Crane selection: Select appropriate equipment according to the weight of the components. 800t crane vessels are selected for concrete caissons, 2400t crane vessels are selected for the upper monitoring platform, and 400t crane vessels are selected for the crash barriers. Specialized lifting tool design: Concrete caisson: 8 lifting points are set up, and 8 450t-13m lifting slings are selected. They are connected to the lifting lugs through 150t shackles. The angle between the lifting slings and the lifting lugs is controlled at 14°. The force on a single lifting point is ≤136t. Upper monitoring platform: Customized steel structure frame lifting equipment, with a 450t ring sling at the top and a 65t polymer ring sling at the bottom. 13 lifting points are set according to the distribution of pre-embedded lifting lugs. Based on the force calculation of 9 points, the force of a single lifting point is ≤124.06t. Crash barrier: It is equipped with 4 lifting points, using 6×37S steel wire ropes with a diameter of 60mm, with an angle of ≤45° with the vertical direction, and the force of a single lifting point is ≤35.9t.

[0015] Furthermore, step 2 includes: Step 2-1: Transport the prefabricated components for the hoisting of the heavy-duty components of the marine ecological monitoring station within the factory; Step 2-2: Unload the prefabricated components that were hoisted for the heavy-duty components of the marine ecological monitoring station. Steps 2-3: Secure and reinforce the prefabricated components of the marine ecological monitoring station's heavy-duty components on the transport ship.

[0016] Furthermore, step 2-1 specifically includes: Modular vehicle selection: The concrete cofferdam uses 4-column 48-axle modular vehicles, the upper monitoring platform uses 2-column 32-axle modular vehicles, and the crash barriers use 12-axle modular vehicles; Control the transportation within the factory: the speed of the modular vehicle should be ≤0.5km / h, and obstacles on the route should be cleared before transportation to avoid emergency braking; when adjusting the lifting, operate point by point, lifting 50-60mm each time to prevent local overload of components.

[0017] Furthermore, step 2-2 specifically includes: Concrete caisson unloading: An 800t crane vessel is used to unload the precast components from the shipping dock onto a 3000t transport flatbed vessel. The transport vessel is anchored parallel to the dock, and the crane vessel is anchored perpendicular to the dock. A trial lift is conducted before unloading to confirm the lifting weight and the stability of the vessel. The upper monitoring platform is launched by a semi-submersible barge. When berthing, it is equipped with one 5200HP tugboat, one 4000HP anchor tug, and one 2000HP anchor boat. The freeboard height of the semi-submersible barge is matched with the elevation of the dock by adjusting the ballast water. The modular vehicles are rolled in at a speed of 1m / min. After reaching the position, the pressure is released and the vehicle is launched onto the steel support pier. Anti-collision piers for barge placement: A 400t crane vessel is anchored vertically to the wharf, with 4 components placed per trip. The transport vessel is arranged parallel to the wharf, and the barge placement time is selected when the current speed is relatively low during high tide.

[0018] Furthermore, steps 2-3 specifically include: Concrete caisson: Ten sets of No. 30 I-beam triangular limit frames on the transport ship are used to limit longitudinal and lateral displacement; Upper monitoring platform: Triangular support steel is welded onto the transport ship, and four φ16 steel wire rope guy ropes are installed; Anti-collision piers: Each precast component uses 4 sets of No. 30 I-beam triangular limit frames on the transport ship, and the distance between adjacent precast components is ≥1.5m.

[0019] Furthermore, step 3 specifically includes: Step 3-1: Position the construction vessel for hoisting the prefabricated components of the marine ecological monitoring station that are carrying heavy components; Step 3-2: Install the concrete caisson used for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; Step 3-3: Install the upper monitoring platform used for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; Steps 3-4: Install the anti-collision piers used for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station.

[0020] Furthermore, step 3-1 specifically includes: After the transport ship and crane ship enter the anchorage, they are anchored according to the direction of the water flow. The length of the crane ship's anchor chain is set at 1.5 times the water depth, and the anchor position covers the anchor position of the transport ship. A temporary reference station was established using the star station differential method to monitor the position of the crane vessel in real time, and the position deviation was adjusted to ≤10cm by using the winch anchor.

[0021] Furthermore, step 3-2 specifically includes: Untying: Remove the triangular restraint frames on both sides of the transport ship one hour before high tide; Lifting and Positioning: The crane vessel lifts the concrete caisson (lifting speed ≤3m / min), moves the vessel to a position above the steel pipe pile, and lowers it to a position 1m from the top of the pile; the surveyor climbs to the top of the concrete caisson via a human ladder, corrects the position of the concrete caisson according to the steel section limit and paint markings on the steel pipe pile, and remeasures the corner coordinates using a handheld GPS. Installation and reinforcement: After the concrete casing is lowered to the top of the pile, the welder immediately welds eight No. 20 channel steel supports to connect the steel pipe pile and the pre-embedded steel spreader of the concrete casing. Finally, the channel steel is slotted into the top of the pile and welded to fix it.

[0022] Furthermore, step 3-3 specifically includes: Untying: Remove the triangular limit frame and guy ropes one hour before high tide; Lifting and lowering: The crane vessel uses lifting slings to lift the platform at a speed of 2m / min, moves it to the top of the cast-in-place pier, and lowers it to 1m away from the reserved groove; Precise positioning: Based on the two pre-embedded limiting steel sections in the reserved slot, adjust the position of the hidden beam of the platform so that the hidden beam is inserted into the reserved slot. After the surveyor verifies the elevation, release the hook. Subsequent reinforcement: Within 24 hours after installation, pour C40 micro-expansion concrete to fill the reserved groove and ensure structural integrity.

[0023] Furthermore, steps 3-4 specifically include: Positioning and calibration: Measure the actual position of the steel pipe pile, align the pre-drilled hole of the crash barrier with the top of the pile, and insert it directly; Fixing: After the crash barrier is lowered to the top of the pile, the pre-embedded steel spreader is welded to the steel pipe pile, and C40 concrete is poured into the reserved hole to form a fixed connection.

[0024] Furthermore, step 4 specifically includes: Step 4-1: Conduct real-time monitoring of the hoisting of the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; Step 4-2: Implement emergency measures for the hoisting of overweight components of the marine ecological monitoring station.

[0025] Furthermore, step 4-1 specifically includes: The installation deviation of prefabricated components being hoisted for heavy-duty components at the marine ecological monitoring station was monitored in real time using a GPS positioning system. Install anemometers, wave height meters, and current meters. When the wind force is ≥6, the effective wave height is ≥1.2m, or the current velocity is ≥0.8m / s, stop the operation and evacuate the vessel.

[0026] Furthermore, step 4-2 specifically includes: Equipped with one emergency tugboat and two lifeboats, and stockpiled with emergency supplies; If the precast components sway more than 10cm during the hoisting process, the lowering should be stopped, and the position of the crane vessel should be adjusted by using the anchor winch. The operation should continue after the position is stabilized. If a typhoon occurs, the precast components should be temporarily fixed to the transport vessel, and the crane vessel should be evacuated to a safe harbor.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows, compared with the prior art: Improved operational efficiency: By precisely selecting the operational window (utilizing the stable period after high tide) and optimizing the transportation and hoisting process, the effective operational time has been increased by more than 30%, and the hoisting cycle for a single monitoring platform has been shortened to less than 15 days; Improved positioning accuracy: By combining satellite station differential technology with steel profile limit correction, the installation plane deviation of components is ≤5cm and the elevation deviation is ≤3mm, which meets the design requirements; Enhanced safety: Specialized lifting equipment design (safety factor ≥6), transportation reinforcement measures, and real-time monitoring system effectively avoid safety risks caused by wind, waves, and water flow, achieving zero-accident operation; Highly adaptable: It can be adapted to different types of heavy-duty components (concrete cofferdam, upper platform, anti-collision pier), and the optimized solution for harsh offshore environments can be extended to similar offshore projects. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station in this invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of a concrete caisson used for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hoisting sling used for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this invention. The embodiments described in this application are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of this invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station includes: Step 1: Conduct preliminary preparations for the hoisting of overweight components for the marine ecological monitoring station; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 1 includes: Step 1-1: Determine the operational window for hoisting the overweight components of the marine ecological monitoring station; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 1-1 specifically includes: Based on hydrological and meteorological data of the construction area (such as tides, waves, and currents), hoisting operations will be scheduled from late May to late August each year to avoid typhoon season (high incidence from July to September) and thunderstorm season (high incidence from March to September). For single-day operations, choose 1-2 hours after high tide, when the water flow velocity is less than 0.5m / s, the effective wave height is less than 1m, and the wind force is less than level 6, which meets the stability requirements for component positioning and installation.

[0031] Steps 1-2: Prepare the prefabricated components and site for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, steps 1-2 specifically include: Prefabrication site selection: Select an offshore engineering base with heavy component prefabrication capabilities. The base should be equipped with more than 2 prefabrication production lines, 20 large component prefabrication platforms, 5000t trolleys and a shipping wharf to meet the prefabrication and shipping needs of concrete cofferdams (15m×15m×3.94m) and the upper monitoring platform of the marine ecological monitoring station (maximum 16.25m). Prefabrication optimization of components: Fixed concrete pier foundations are set on both sides of the prefabrication platform for heavy components, and movable jack foundations are set on the other two sides to facilitate the entry and exit of the modular vehicle after the heavy components reach the design strength (C50 concrete strength reaches 100%).

[0032] Steps 1-3: Prepare equipment and lifting tools for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station.

[0033] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, steps 1-3 specifically include: Crane vessel selection: Select appropriate equipment based on the weight of the components. For the concrete caisson (664.26t), select an 800t crane vessel (such as "Sanhangqi 20", with a length of 80m, a width of 30m, and a main hook water surface lifting height of 56.2m). For the upper monitoring platform (1015t), select a 2400t crane vessel (such as "Sanhangfengfan", with a rear main hook water surface lifting height of 86.5m). For the anti-collision pier (76t), select a 400t crane vessel. Specialized lifting tool design: Concrete caisson: 8 lifting points are set up (designed for 6-point lifting), 8 450t-13m slings are selected (breakage safety factor ≥6), and connected to the lifting lugs through 150t shackles. The angle between the slings and the lifting lugs is controlled at 14°. The force on a single lifting point is ≤136t. Upper monitoring platform: Customized steel structure frame lifting equipment, with a 450t ring sling at the top and a 65t polymer ring sling at the bottom (safety factor ≥6). Thirteen lifting points are set according to the distribution of pre-embedded lifting lugs (7 M1: 1200KN, 4 M2: 1800KN, 2 M3: 500KN). Based on the stress calculation of 9 points, the stress of a single lifting point is ≤124.06t. Anti-collision pier: Set with 4 lifting points, using 6×37S steel wire rope with a diameter of 60mm (nominal tensile strength 1870MPa, minimum breaking force 2154KN, safety factor ≥6), with an angle of ≤45° with the vertical direction, and the force of a single lifting point ≤35.9t.

[0034] Step 2: Transport and unload the prefabricated components for the heavy-duty hoisting of the marine ecological monitoring station within the factory. In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 2 includes: Step 2-1: Transport the prefabricated components for the hoisting of the heavy-duty components of the marine ecological monitoring station within the factory; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 2-1 specifically includes: Modular vehicle selection: The concrete cofferdam adopts 4-column (6+6) 48-axle modular vehicles (rated load capacity 2088t), the upper monitoring platform adopts 2-column (6+4+6) 32-axle modular vehicles (rated load capacity 1392t), and the crash barriers adopt 12-axle modular vehicles (rated load capacity 500t). Control the transportation within the factory: the speed of the modular vehicle should be ≤0.5km / h, and obstacles on the route should be cleared before transportation to avoid emergency braking; when adjusting the lifting, operate point by point, lifting 50-60mm each time to prevent local overload of components.

[0035] Step 2-2: Unload the prefabricated components that were hoisted for the heavy-duty components of the marine ecological monitoring station. In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 2-2 specifically includes: Concrete caisson unloading: The 800t crane vessel "Sanhangqi 20" is used to unload the precast components from the shipping dock to a 3000t transport flatbed ship. The transport ship is anchored parallel to the dock, and the crane vessel is anchored perpendicular to the dock. A trial lift is carried out before unloading (lifting height 1m, standing still for 5 minutes) to confirm the lifting weight and the stability of the ship. The upper monitoring platform is unloaded using the semi-submersible barge "Sanhanggong 5" (100m long, 40m wide, 10,000t carrying capacity). When berthing, it is equipped with one 5,200HP tugboat, one 4,000HP anchor tug, and one 2,000HP anchor boat. The freeboard height of the semi-submersible barge is matched with the quay elevation (tide level ≥ 2.4m) by adjusting the ballast water. The modular vehicles are rolled in at a speed of 1m / min. After being in place, the pressure is released and the vehicle is dropped onto the steel support pier. Anti-collision piers for barge placement: A 400t crane vessel is anchored vertically to the wharf, with 4 components placed per trip. The transport vessel is arranged parallel to the wharf, and the barge placement time is selected when the current speed is relatively low (≤0.3m / s).

[0036] Steps 2-3: Secure and reinforce the prefabricated components of the marine ecological monitoring station's heavy-duty components on the transport ship.

[0037] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, steps 2-3 specifically include: Concrete caisson: Ten sets of No. 30 I-beam triangular limit frames (three sets on one side perpendicular to the ship's axis) are used on the transport ship to limit longitudinal and lateral displacement. Upper monitoring platform: Weld triangular support steel (Q355B) onto the transport ship and install 4 φ16 steel wire rope guy ropes (tensile strength ≥10t) to prevent rollover; Anti-collision blocks: Each precast component uses 4 sets of No. 30 I-beam triangular limit frames on the transport ship, and the distance between adjacent precast components is ≥1.5m to avoid collision.

[0038] Step 3: On-site hoisting of prefabricated components for the heavy-duty marine ecological monitoring station in the open sea; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 3 specifically includes: In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 3-1 specifically includes: Step 3-1: Position the construction vessel for hoisting the prefabricated components of the marine ecological monitoring station that are carrying heavy components; After the transport ship and crane ship enter the anchorage, they anchor according to the direction of the water flow (north during high tide and south during low tide). The length of the crane ship's anchor chain is set at 1.5 times the water depth, and the anchor position covers the transport ship's anchor position to prevent the ships from drifting. A temporary reference station (horizontal accuracy ≤ 4cm, elevation accuracy ≤ 8cm) was established using the star station differential method to monitor the position of the crane vessel in real time, and the position deviation was adjusted to ≤ 10cm by using the winch anchor.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, step 3-2: Install the concrete caisson used for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 3-2 specifically includes: Untying: Remove the triangular restraint frames on both sides of the transport ship one hour before high tide (retain the other two sides); Lifting and Positioning: The crane vessel slowly lifts the concrete caisson (lifting speed ≤3m / min), moves the vessel to a position above the steel pipe pile, and lowers it to a position 1m from the top of the pile; the surveyor climbs to the top of the concrete caisson via a ladder, corrects the position of the concrete caisson according to the steel section limit (deviation ±3mm) and paint markings on the steel pipe pile, and remeasures the corner coordinates with a handheld GPS (deviation ≤5cm). Installation and reinforcement: After the concrete casing is lowered to the top of the pile, the welder immediately welds eight No. 20 channel steel supports (slenderness ratio ≤ 30.5, compressive stress ≤ 111.3MPa), connects the steel pipe pile and the pre-embedded steel spreader (double HN800×300H steel) of the concrete casing, and finally slots the channel steel into the top of the pile and welds it to form a permanent connection.

[0040] Step 3-3: Install the upper monitoring platform used for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 3-3 specifically includes: Untying: Remove the triangular limit frame and guy ropes one hour before high tide; Lifting and lowering: The crane vessel is used at a speed of 2m / min as follows Figure 3 The hoisting slings shown are used to lift the platform, which is then moved to the top of the cast-in-place pier and lowered to a position 1m away from the reserved groove. Precise positioning: Based on the two pre-embedded limiting steel sections in the reserved slot (deviation ±2mm), adjust the position of the hidden beam on the platform so that the hidden beam is inserted into the reserved slot (insertion depth ≥30cm). After the surveyor verifies the elevation (deviation ≤3mm), release the hook. Subsequent reinforcement: Within 24 hours after installation, pour C40 micro-expansion concrete to fill the reserved groove and ensure structural integrity.

[0041] Steps 3-4: Install the anti-collision piers used for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station.

[0042] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, steps 3-4 specifically include: Positioning and calibration: Measure the actual position of the steel pipe pile, align the pre-drilled hole (1600mm in diameter) of the crash barrier with the top of the pile, and insert it directly; Fixing: After the crash barrier is lowered to the top of the pile, the pre-embedded steel spreader is welded to the steel pipe pile, and C40 concrete is poured into the reserved hole to form a fixed connection.

[0043] Step 4: Construction monitoring and emergency support for the hoisting of overweight components for marine ecological monitoring stations.

[0044] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 4 specifically includes: Step 4-1: Conduct real-time monitoring of the hoisting of the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 4-1 specifically includes: The installation deviation (≤5cm in plane, ≤3mm in elevation) of the prefabricated components hoisted by the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station is monitored in real time using a GPS positioning system. Install an anemometer (range 0-60m / s), wave height meter (range 0-20m), and current meter (range 0-5m / s). When the wind force is ≥6, the effective wave height is ≥1.2m, or the current velocity is ≥0.8m / s, immediately stop the operation and evacuate the vessel.

[0045] Step 4-2: Implement emergency measures for the hoisting of overweight components of the marine ecological monitoring station.

[0046] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 4-2 specifically includes: Equipped with one emergency tugboat (5000HP), two lifeboats, and stockpiled emergency supplies (life jackets, first aid kits, and emergency lighting equipment). If the precast components sway more than 10cm during the hoisting process, the lowering should be stopped immediately. The position of the crane vessel should be adjusted by using the anchor winch, and the operation should continue after it stabilizes. If a sudden typhoon occurs, the precast components should be temporarily fixed to the transport vessel, and the crane vessel should be evacuated to a safe harbor.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows, compared with the prior art: Improved operational efficiency: By precisely selecting the operational window (utilizing the stable period after high tide) and optimizing the transportation and hoisting process, the effective operational time has been increased by more than 30%, and the hoisting cycle for a single monitoring platform has been shortened to less than 15 days; Improved positioning accuracy: By combining satellite station differential technology with steel profile limit correction, the installation plane deviation of components is ≤5cm and the elevation deviation is ≤3mm, which meets the design requirements; Enhanced safety: Specialized lifting equipment design (safety factor ≥6), transportation reinforcement measures, and real-time monitoring system effectively avoid safety risks caused by wind, waves, and water flow, achieving zero-accident operation; Highly adaptable: It can be adapted to different types of heavy-duty components (concrete cofferdam, upper platform, anti-collision pier), and the optimized solution for harsh offshore environments can be extended to similar offshore projects.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for hoisting overweight components of a marine ecological monitoring station, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Conduct preliminary preparations for the hoisting of overweight components for the marine ecological monitoring station; Step 2: Transport and unload the prefabricated components for the heavy-duty hoisting of the marine ecological monitoring station within the factory. Step 3: On-site hoisting of prefabricated components for the heavy-duty marine ecological monitoring station in the open sea; Step 4: Construction monitoring and emergency support for the hoisting of overweight components for marine ecological monitoring stations.

2. The method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 includes: Step 1-1: Determine the operational window for hoisting the overweight components of the marine ecological monitoring station; Steps 1-2: Prepare the prefabricated components and site for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; Steps 1-3: Prepare equipment and lifting tools for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station.

3. The method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 1-1 specifically includes: Based on hydrological and meteorological data of the construction area, hoisting operations will be scheduled from late May to late August each year to avoid typhoon and thunderstorm periods; For single-day operations, choose 1-2 hours after high tide. Steps 1-2 specifically include: Prefabrication site selection: Select an offshore engineering base with heavy component prefabrication capabilities. The base should be equipped with more than 2 prefabrication production lines, 20 large component prefabrication platforms, 5000t trolleys and a shipping wharf to meet the prefabrication and shipping needs of concrete cofferdams and the upper monitoring platform of the marine ecological monitoring station. Prefabrication optimization of components: Fixed concrete pier foundations are set on both sides of the prefabrication platform for heavy components, and movable jack foundations are set on the other two sides.

4. The method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station according to claim 3, characterized in that, Steps 1-3 specifically include: Crane selection: Select appropriate equipment according to the weight of the components. 800t crane vessels are selected for concrete caissons, 2400t crane vessels are selected for the upper monitoring platform, and 400t crane vessels are selected for the crash barriers. Specialized lifting tool design: Concrete caisson: 8 lifting points are set up, and 8 450t-13m lifting slings are selected. They are connected to the lifting lugs through 150t shackles. The angle between the lifting slings and the lifting lugs is controlled at 14°. The force on a single lifting point is ≤136t. Upper monitoring platform: Customized steel structure frame lifting equipment, with a 450t ring sling at the top and a 65t polymer ring sling at the bottom. 13 lifting points are set according to the distribution of pre-embedded lifting lugs. Based on the force calculation of 9 points, the force of a single lifting point is ≤124.06t. Crash barrier: It is equipped with 4 lifting points, using 6×37S steel wire ropes with a diameter of 60mm, with an angle of ≤45° with the vertical direction, and the force of a single lifting point is ≤35.9t.

5. The method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step 2 includes: Step 2-1: Transport the prefabricated components for the hoisting of the heavy-duty components of the marine ecological monitoring station within the factory; Step 2-2: Unload the prefabricated components that were hoisted for the heavy-duty components of the marine ecological monitoring station. Steps 2-3: Secure and reinforce the prefabricated components of the marine ecological monitoring station's heavy-duty components on the transport ship.

6. The method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step 2-1 specifically includes: Modular vehicle selection: The concrete cofferdam uses 4-column 48-axle modular vehicles, the upper monitoring platform uses 2-column 32-axle modular vehicles, and the crash barriers use 12-axle modular vehicles; Control the transportation within the factory: the speed of the modular vehicle should be ≤0.5km / h, and obstacles should be cleared from the route before transportation to avoid emergency braking; when lifting and adjusting, operate point by point, lifting and lowering by 50-60mm each time to prevent local overload of components; Step 2-2 specifically includes: Concrete caisson unloading: An 800t crane vessel is used to unload the precast components from the shipping dock onto a 3000t transport flatbed vessel. The transport vessel is anchored parallel to the dock, and the crane vessel is anchored perpendicular to the dock. A trial lift is conducted before unloading to confirm the lifting weight and the stability of the vessel. The upper monitoring platform is launched by a semi-submersible barge. When berthing, it is equipped with one 5200HP tugboat, one 4000HP anchor tug, and one 2000HP anchor boat. The freeboard height of the semi-submersible barge is matched with the elevation of the dock by adjusting the ballast water. The modular vehicles are rolled in at a speed of 1m / min. After reaching the position, the pressure is released and the vehicle is launched onto the steel support pier. Anti-collision piers for barge placement: A 400t crane ship is anchored vertically to the dock, with 4 components placed per trip. The transport ship is arranged parallel to the dock, and barge placement is carried out during periods of low tide. Steps 2-3 specifically include: Concrete caisson: Ten sets of No. 30 I-beam triangular limit frames on the transport ship are used to limit longitudinal and lateral displacement; Upper monitoring platform: Triangular support steel is welded onto the transport ship, and four φ16 steel wire rope guy ropes are installed; Anti-collision piers: Each precast component uses 4 sets of No. 30 I-beam triangular limit frames on the transport ship, and the distance between adjacent precast components is ≥1.5m.

7. The method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 3 specifically includes: Step 3-1: Position the construction vessel for hoisting the prefabricated components of the marine ecological monitoring station that are carrying heavy components; Step 3-2: Install the concrete caisson used for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; Step 3-3: Install the upper monitoring platform used for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; Steps 3-4: Install the anti-collision piers used for hoisting the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station.

8. The method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step 3-1 specifically includes: After the transport ship and crane ship enter the anchorage, they are anchored according to the direction of the water flow. The length of the crane ship's anchor chain is set at 1.5 times the water depth, and the anchor position covers the anchor position of the transport ship. A temporary reference station was established using the star station differential method to monitor the position of the crane vessel in real time, and the position deviation was adjusted to ≤10cm by using the winch anchor. Step 3-2 specifically includes: Untying: Remove the triangular restraint frames on both sides of the transport ship one hour before high tide; Lifting and Positioning: The crane vessel lifts the concrete caisson (lifting speed ≤3m / min), moves the vessel to a position above the steel pipe pile, and lowers it to a position 1m from the top of the pile; the surveyor climbs to the top of the concrete caisson via a human ladder, corrects the position of the concrete caisson according to the steel section limit and paint markings on the steel pipe pile, and remeasures the corner coordinates using a handheld GPS. Installation and reinforcement: After the concrete casing is lowered to the top of the pile, the welder immediately welds eight No. 20 channel steel supports to connect the steel pipe pile and the pre-embedded steel spreader of the concrete casing. Finally, the channel steel is slotted into the top of the pile and welded to fix it. Step 3-3 specifically includes: Untying: Remove the triangular limit frame and guy ropes one hour before high tide; Lifting and lowering: The crane vessel uses lifting slings to lift the platform at a speed of 2m / min, moves it to the top of the cast-in-place pier, and lowers it to 1m away from the reserved slot; Precise positioning: Based on the two pre-embedded limiting steel sections in the reserved slot, adjust the position of the hidden beam of the platform so that the hidden beam is inserted into the reserved slot. After the surveyor verifies the elevation, release the hook. Subsequent reinforcement: Within 24 hours after installation, pour C40 micro-expansion concrete to fill the reserved groove and ensure structural integrity; Steps 3-4 specifically include: Positioning and calibration: Measure the actual position of the steel pipe pile, align the pre-drilled hole of the crash barrier with the top of the pile, and insert it directly; Fixing: After the crash barrier is lowered to the top of the pile, the pre-embedded steel spreader is welded to the steel pipe pile, and C40 concrete is poured into the reserved hole to form a fixed connection.

9. The method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step 4 specifically includes: Step 4-1: Conduct real-time monitoring of the hoisting of the heavy components of the marine ecological monitoring station; Step 4-2: Implement emergency measures for the hoisting of overweight components of the marine ecological monitoring station.

10. The method for hoisting heavy components of a marine ecological monitoring station according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step 4-1 specifically includes: The installation deviation of prefabricated components being hoisted for heavy-duty components at the marine ecological monitoring station was monitored in real time using a GPS positioning system. Install anemometers, wave height meters, and current meters. When the wind force is ≥6, the significant wave height is ≥1.2m, or the current velocity is ≥0.8m / s, stop the operation and evacuate the vessel. Step 4-2 specifically includes: Equipped with one emergency tugboat and two lifeboats, and stockpiled with emergency supplies; If the precast components sway more than 10cm during the hoisting process, the lowering should be stopped, and the position of the crane vessel should be adjusted by using the anchor winch. The operation should continue after the position is stabilized. If a typhoon occurs, the precast components should be temporarily fixed to the transport vessel, and the crane vessel should be evacuated to a safe harbor.

Images