Modularized heat storage and heat release sand storage tank system with variable power

Abstract

A power-variable modularized heat storage and heat release sand storage tank system comprises an energy storage assembly and a monitoring assembly, the energy storage assembly comprises a plurality of energy storage units connected in parallel, the input end of each energy storage unit is communicated with an inlet distribution pipeline, an inlet of the inlet distribution pipeline is communicated with an inlet main pipeline, and an outlet of the inlet distribution pipeline is communicated with an outlet main pipeline. The output end of the energy storage unit is communicated with an outlet distribution pipeline, and outlets of the outlet distribution pipeline are gathered on an outlet main pipeline; the monitoring assembly comprises an information acquisition unit, and the information acquisition unit comprises two types of temperature sensors and flow sensors. By detecting parameters such as the flow and the temperature of a heat exchange working medium, the system can automatically operate in the whole process in the operation process, the heat storage / release power is automatically adjusted, and manual intervention is not needed. In addition, each energy storage unit can be independently maintained and upgraded without influencing the operation of the whole system. The modularized energy storage unit reduces the maintenance cost and improves the reliability and availability of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically to a modular thermal storage and release sand tank system with variable power. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, traditional coal-fired power units remain a supporting power source. Promoting the optimal combination of coal and new energy sources is a trend to solve future energy supply issues and an effective way to achieve energy transition. The large-scale introduction of highly volatile renewable energy sources places higher demands on the peak-shaving and frequency regulation of coal-fired power units. Energy storage systems coupled with coal-fired power generation are an important support for improving the flexibility of these units.

[0003] Sand thermal energy storage technology is a high-temperature thermal energy storage technology that uses sand as the storage medium. Compared with other thermal energy storage materials, sand has advantages such as high thermal stability, low price, easy availability, and no processing required. Sand thermal energy storage can have a large energy storage capacity and can shift peak loads during the load regulation of thermal power units. The current main technical solution is to store heat under low load to reduce the amount of steam entering the turbine and achieve deep peak shaving; the stored heat is released during peak periods to achieve heat circulation. In this cycle, how to achieve efficient heat storage and release circulation of the unit is the key to the economical and efficient operation of thermal energy storage.

[0004] Considering the time-varying characteristics of renewable energy, power generation varies within a wide range; the difference between peak and off-peak electricity demand is large, resulting in power consumption varying within a wide range.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a variable power energy storage / dissipation technology to achieve peak shaving and energy storage in the power grid, ensuring the balance of power supply and demand and the safe and stable operation of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a modular, variable-power thermal storage and release sand tank system. This system adapts to the peak-shaving needs of actual power generation through variable storage / release power. By monitoring parameters such as the flow rate and temperature of the heat exchange medium, the system can achieve fully automated operation, automatically adjusting the storage / release power without manual intervention. Furthermore, each energy storage unit can be maintained and upgraded independently without affecting the overall system operation. The modular energy storage units reduce maintenance costs and improve the system's reliability and availability.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A variable power modular heat storage and release sand tank system, comprising a storage component and a monitoring component, the storage component comprising a plurality of parallel storage units 8, the input end of each storage unit 8 being in communication with an inlet distribution pipeline 2, the inlet of the inlet distribution pipeline 2 being in communication with an inlet main pipeline 1, the output end being in communication with an outlet distribution pipeline 10, and the outlet of the outlet distribution pipeline 10 being gathered on an outlet main pipeline 11;

[0009] The monitoring component comprises an information acquisition unit 12, which comprises two types of temperature sensors and flow sensors, the first type of temperature sensors and flow sensors being arranged on the inlet distribution pipeline 2 and the outlet distribution pipeline 10 respectively;

[0010] The second type of temperature sensors are arranged in the storage units 8, and are temperature sensors 9 for measuring the temperature of the sand in the storage units 8.

[0011] The first type of temperature sensors and flow sensors are inlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors 41, outlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors 42, inlet distribution pipeline flow sensors 51 and outlet distribution pipeline flow sensors 52 for measuring the temperature and flow of the heat exchange medium;

[0012] The inlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors 41 and the inlet distribution pipeline flow sensors 51 are installed on the pipeline of the inlet distribution pipeline 2;

[0013] The outlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors 42 and the outlet distribution pipeline flow sensors 52 are installed on the pipeline of the outlet distribution pipeline 10. The real-time temperature and flow data collected by the inlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors 41, the outlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors 42, the inlet distribution pipeline flow sensors 51 and the outlet distribution pipeline flow sensors 52 are processed by an information processing unit 13 to determine the actual heat storage and release power;

[0014] The temperature data collected by the temperature sensors 9 are processed by the information processing unit 13 to determine the state of the heat storage units.

[0015] An inlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 31 is installed on the pipeline of the inlet distribution pipeline 2, and an outlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 32 is installed on the pipeline of the outlet distribution pipeline 10;

[0016] The inlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 31 and the outlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 32 are controlled by an automatic control unit 14 to realize automatic operation;

[0017] The information acquisition unit 12 is connected to the information processing unit 13 and the automatic control system 14.

[0018] Any inlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 31 is opened / closed according to the instructions of the information processing unit 13 to realize independent operation of the storage units 8.

[0019] Any energy storage unit 8 is designed with a fixed heat storage power range, according to the actual demand for heat storage and release power, the number of working energy storage units 8 is controlled to realize variable power regulation; the heat storage and release power range can depend on the actual application requirements, and different power units have different requirements; for example, in an area with abundant solar energy resources, during the day when the solar energy is sufficient, the solar power generation is greater than the user demand, and the excess power is stored in the sand of the energy storage unit 8 in the form of heat; the required heat storage power X is the maximum heat storage power of the local actual demand (to ensure the margin, it can be greater than this value); the total heat exchange power range is 0-X (demand heat exchange power); each energy storage unit 8 has its own heat exchange power range (which can be different and is not required).

[0020] Variable power regulation is achieved by two ways:

[0021] (1) Adjusting the heat exchange medium flow of a single energy storage unit 8 to achieve small-range heat exchange power regulation; (The main limitation of a single modular unit is the upper limit of heat exchange power. When the heat exchange medium flow is too high, there will be a phenomenon of excessive resistance loss, or the outlet position heat exchange medium temperature is higher than the set value, and the heat exchange is not sufficient)

[0022] (2) Adjusting the number of parallel energy storage units 8 running at the same time to achieve large-range heat exchange power regulation; by distributing the heat exchange medium flow to multiple parallel energy storage units 8, it is ensured that the flow of each energy storage unit 8 does not exceed the upper limit. The total heat exchange power is the sum of the heat exchange power of each energy storage unit 8;

[0023] Through small-range and large-range heat exchange power regulation, continuous heat exchange power change is realized.

[0024] The energy storage unit 8 is an energy storage system filled with sand, and its internal arrangement can adopt any form, which requires high-efficiency heat exchange; the forms that can be used to achieve heat exchange include:

[0025] (1) Fixed bed or fluidized bed, in which the heat exchange medium directly contacts the sand for heat exchange;

[0026] (2) Arrange heat exchange pipelines in the energy storage unit 8, that is, use the buried pipe method in the sand, and the heat exchange medium flows through the pipeline to realize indirect heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the sand.

[0027] The heat exchange pipeline is arranged in an S shape.

[0028] The real-time operation parameters of the heat exchange medium are measured by the inlet distribution pipeline temperature sensor 41, the outlet distribution pipeline temperature sensor 42, the inlet distribution pipeline flow sensor 51 and the outlet distribution pipeline flow sensor 52, the actual heat storage / heat release power is judged by the information processing unit 13, the number of simultaneously working energy storage units 8 is controlled, the state of the energy storage unit 8 is marked by the information processing unit 13, and the subsequent operation process is controlled;

[0029] The inlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 31 and the outlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 32 are controlled by the automatic control unit 14, and the working state of the energy storage unit 8 is quickly regulated and controlled according to the instructions provided by the information processing unit 13.

[0030] All the energy storage units 8 are arranged in the support structure 6, and the heat preservation structure 7 is arranged outside the support structure 6; the heat loss to the outside is reduced through the heat preservation structure 7, and a flow distribution pipeline is further arranged to evenly distribute the flow to the running energy storage units 8. The support structure 6 is used to ensure the stability of the structure of the energy storage unit 8. A large amount of sand is arranged in the energy storage unit 8, and the sand can be stably static for a long time under the action of the support structure 6. The support structure 6 is different for different structures of the energy storage unit 8, and no specific requirements are made for the design of the support structure, but it is necessary to have a support structure.

[0031] The heat preservation structure 7 is used to reduce the heat loss of the energy storage unit to the outside, and is arranged outside the energy storage unit 8 to isolate the direct contact of air and the outer wall of the energy storage unit 8. The specific structure of the heat preservation unit 7 will also change with the structure of the energy storage unit, and no specific requirements are made for the design of the heat preservation unit structure, but it is necessary to have a heat preservation structure.

[0032] It is additionally pointed out here that since the parallel energy storage units are independent, their structures can be different, and the specific structure can be arranged according to the factory terrain and existing conditions. In the subsequent process, the number of energy storage units is upgraded, and the structure of the newly built energy storage unit does not need to be consistent with the existing energy storage unit.

[0033] The inlet distribution pipeline temperature sensor 41 arranged in the inlet distribution pipeline 2 is used to monitor the temperature of the heat exchange medium entering any energy storage unit 8, the outlet distribution pipeline temperature sensor 42 of the outlet distribution pipeline 10 is used to monitor the temperature of the heat exchange medium leaving any energy storage unit 8, and the temperature sensor 9 in the energy storage unit 8 is used to determine the state of the energy storage unit (energy storage, completed energy storage, fault to be repaired);

[0034] The inlet distribution pipeline flow sensor 51 and the outlet distribution pipeline flow sensor 52 are used to monitor the flow of the heat exchange medium entering and leaving any energy storage unit 8.

[0035] The information processing unit 13 is used for storing the information collected by the information collecting unit 12, and performing judgment processing on the collected information, and outputting control instructions according to the processing results, selecting the corresponding number of energy storage units 8 (energy storage state) according to the main heat exchange medium flow (which depends on the excess amount of actual power generation, that is, the amount of power that needs to be stored in the form of heat), and specifying the heat exchange medium flow of each energy storage unit 8, and after any energy storage unit 8 completes heat storage, its state is modified to complete energy storage;

[0036] The automatic control unit 14 receives the instructions sent by the information processing unit 13 and executes, and the automatic control unit 14 controls the flow of each energy storage unit by adjusting the inlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 31 and the outlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 32.

[0037] The temperature sensor 9 arranged in the energy storage unit 8 collects the temperature data of the energy storage unit 8; the information processing unit 13 marks the energy storage unit state (energy storage, complete energy storage, fault under repair) according to the collected energy storage unit 8 temperature; the internal temperature T of the energy storage unit 8 is set as the heating stop temperature, and t is the heat release termination temperature;

[0038] During the energy storage process, all normal energy storage units 8 with a temperature lower than T will have their states marked as energy storage; and the normal energy storage units 8 reaching or exceeding T will be marked as complete energy storage;

[0039] During the energy release process, all normal energy storage units 8 with a temperature higher than t will have their states marked as energy release; and the normal energy storage units 8 reaching or below t will be marked as complete energy release;

[0040] The heat exchange medium flow in the inlet main pipeline 1 and the outlet main pipeline 11 before the inlet distribution pipeline is collected; the specific working energy storage unit and its flow size are selected by the information processing unit 13; and finally the automatic control unit 14 executes to adjust the heat exchange medium flow entering the energy storage unit 8.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0042] The sand storage tank system has modular energy storage units, and the energy storage capacity of the system can be increased by increasing the number of modular energy storage units. The increase in the number of energy storage units helps to improve the peak shaving capacity of the coal-fired power plant.

[0043] The sand storage tank system can increase or decrease the number of energy storage units according to actual needs, adapt to changes in actual energy storage needs during the development of the power plant, and improve the flexibility of the construction process.

[0044] Each energy storage unit of the sand storage tank system works independently, and the failure of a single energy storage unit for maintenance or upgrading does not affect the normal operation of the system.

[0045] The sand storage tank system can realize rapid dynamic adjustment of storage / heat release power by adjusting the number of working energy storage units, improve the adaptability to renewable energy with time-varying characteristics, reduce abandoned wind and heat, and promote clean and low-carbon energy transformation.

[0046] The sand storage tank system can realize rapid dynamic adjustment of storage / heat release power, reduce the requirement for dynamic response of a coal-fired power generator unit, prolong the operation life of the built coal-fired unit, and improve the stability of the unit operation.

[0047] The sand storage tank system has a monitoring component, which can monitor the state of each energy storage unit in real time, and dynamically and intelligently dispatch the energy storage unit according to the actual storage / heat release demand, ensure long-term stable operation of the energy storage system, and reduce manual intervention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system.

[0049] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the operation logic of the energy storage system.

[0050] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the heat exchange pipeline in the energy storage unit.

[0051] The various reference numbers in the figure represent:

[0052] 1 inlet main pipeline; 2 inlet distribution pipeline; 31 inlet distribution pipeline electric control valve; 32 outlet distribution pipeline electric control valve; 41 inlet distribution pipeline temperature sensor; 42 outlet distribution pipeline temperature sensor; 51 inlet distribution pipeline flow sensor; 52 outlet distribution pipeline flow sensor; 6 support structure; 7 heat preservation structure; 8 energy storage unit; 9 temperature sensor; 10 outlet distribution pipeline; 11 outlet main pipeline; 12 information acquisition unit; 13 information processing unit; 14 automatic control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] EMBODIMENT

[0055] The embodiment discloses a modular sand storage tank system with variable power, which comprises an energy storage component and a monitoring component.

[0056] The energy storage component is the main functional module of the whole system, and is a place where sand and heat exchange working medium complete heat exchange, and is characterized by comprising a support structure 6, a heat preservation structure 7, a flow distribution pipeline and an energy storage unit 8. Figure 1As shown, the energy storage unit 8 is arranged outside the heat preservation structure 7 to reduce heat dissipation; both are fixed in the support structure 6. The heat exchange medium flows into the inlet distribution pipeline 2 through the inlet main pipeline 1, and after completing heat exchange in the energy storage unit 8, it is collected into the outlet main pipeline 11 through the outlet distribution pipeline 10 and leaves.

[0057] The monitoring component is the core module of the stable operation of the whole system, which is characterized by comprising an information acquisition unit, an information processing unit and an automatic control unit. As shown in Figure 1 As shown, the inlet distribution pipeline temperature sensor 41 and the outlet distribution pipeline temperature sensor 42 are arranged in the inlet / outlet distribution pipeline respectively to monitor the inlet / outlet heat exchange medium temperature; the inlet distribution pipeline flow sensor 51 and the outlet distribution pipeline flow sensor 52 are arranged in the inlet / outlet distribution pipeline respectively to monitor the inlet / outlet heat exchange medium flow; the temperature sensor 9 is arranged in the energy storage unit 8 to monitor the sand temperature. The information collected by the sensor is processed by the signal processing unit 13, and the inlet / outlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 3 is controlled by the automatic control unit 14 to realize the control of the energy storage unit.

[0058] The energy storage unit 8 is a sand storage energy storage system, and the internal arrangement can adopt any form, which requires high efficient heat exchange; the forms that can be adopted to realize heat exchange include:

[0059] (1) fixed bed or fluidized bed is adopted, and the heat exchange medium directly contacts with the sand in the fixed bed or fluidized bed to exchange heat;

[0060] (2) the heat exchange pipeline is arranged in the energy storage unit 8, that is, the pipeline is buried in the sand, the heat exchange medium flows through the pipeline to realize indirect heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the sand. As shown in Figure 3 As shown, the pipeline system is arranged in the storage tank of the energy storage unit 8.

[0061] The real-time operation parameters of the heat exchange medium are measured by the inlet distribution pipeline temperature sensor 41, the outlet distribution pipeline temperature sensor 42, the inlet distribution pipeline flow sensor 51 and the outlet distribution pipeline flow sensor 52, the actual heat storage / heat release power is judged by the information processing unit 13, and the number of energy storage units 8 working at the same time is controlled; the state of the energy storage unit 8 is marked by the information processing unit 13, which is convenient for the control of the subsequent operation process;

[0062] The inlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 31 and the outlet distribution pipeline electric control valve 32 are controlled by the automatic control unit 14, and the working state of the energy storage unit 8 is quickly regulated according to the instructions provided by the information processing unit 13.

[0063] The energy storage unit 8 is a complete sand energy storage system (with the designed maximum heat exchange power) that can be independently operated, and even without any other parallel energy storage units, its working ability will not be affected.

[0064] For any energy storage unit 8, its maximum heat exchange power is limited:

[0065] Whether it is direct contact heat exchange or indirect heat exchange through a pipeline system, the flow rate of the heat exchange medium should not be too large.

[0066] (1) For direct contact schemes, excessively high mass flow rates significantly increase flow resistance losses. For indirect contact schemes, increasing mass flow rates increases flow resistance losses within the pipe. Increased resistance losses raise the cost of energy storage.

[0067] (2) Especially for indirect contact schemes, the outlet temperature of the heat exchange medium may not drop to the required temperature under excessively high flow rates. Therefore, any energy storage unit has a maximum heat exchange capacity designed for it.

[0068] This invention connects multiple energy storage units 8 with independent working capabilities in parallel to achieve a wide range of power regulation.

[0069] Furthermore, power changes are reflected in the flow rate of the heat exchange medium, while the temperature of the heat exchange medium remains relatively stable, ensuring stable heat exchange in each energy storage unit. For the power generation system, rapid adjustment of power generation is challenging (new energy power generation is time-varying and unstable), therefore, excess power generation needs to be converted into heat for storage during certain periods. With the temperature of the electrically heated heat exchange medium remaining stable, the heat gained per unit mass of heat exchange medium from the electric heating process remains constant. Excess electricity is positively correlated with the mass flow rate of the heat exchange medium.

[0070] Thermal storage process:

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown, when power generation is sufficient, the electricity produced by the power generation unit exceeds the user's electricity demand, and the excess electricity is stored through the energy storage system. The excess electricity from the power generation unit is first converted into heat in the heat exchange medium. To ensure stable heat exchange in each energy storage unit 8, the inlet temperature of the heat exchange medium in the energy storage system is constant, and the flow rate of the heat exchange medium is positively correlated with the excess electricity. The higher the flow rate of the heat exchange medium, the higher the energy storage capacity.

[0072] The automated control process is as follows:

[0073] The monitoring component marks the energy storage status of each energy storage unit with eight indicators, including four states: currently storing heat, waiting for heat storage, heat storage completed, and shutdown for maintenance. The monitoring component monitors the flow rate of the heat exchange medium in real time. The automatic control system controls the number of electric valves opened based on the heat exchange medium flow rate and the energy storage status of each energy storage unit, ensuring that the flow rate through any energy storage unit is within the design range.

[0074] As the heat storage process proceeds, when any energy storage unit 8 is completed, the two end electric valves are closed, and the state marker is modified to complete heat storage; the electric valves at the two ends of another energy storage unit marked to wait for heat storage are opened, and the state marker is modified to be in heat storage.

[0075] In the heat storage process, the heat transfer medium flow rate changes dynamically due to the user's electricity demand and the time-varying characteristics of renewable energy. The information acquisition unit collects the changes in the flow rate of the heat transfer medium in real time. When the flow rate of the heat transfer medium increases and is higher than the current working range of the energy storage unit 8, the electric valves at the two ends of another energy storage unit marked to wait for heat storage are opened, and the state marker is modified to be in heat storage; when the flow rate of the heat transfer medium decreases and is lower than the current working range of the energy storage unit, the electric valves at the two ends of any energy storage unit marked to be in heat storage are closed, and the state marker is modified to wait for heat storage.

[0076] Heat release process:

[0077] When the power generation is insufficient, the power generated by the power generation unit cannot meet the user's electricity demand, and the missing power is generated by the energy storage system. The heat stored in the energy storage unit is first transferred to the heat transfer medium. To ensure stable operation in the subsequent power generation process, the outlet temperature of the heat transfer medium is constant, and the flow rate of the heat transfer medium is positively related to the required power generation. The greater the flow rate of the heat transfer medium, the higher the heat release power.

[0078] The automatic control process of this process is as follows:

[0079] The monitoring component marks the energy storage state of each energy storage unit, including heat release, waiting for heat release, completing heat release, and shutdown for maintenance. The monitoring component monitors the flow rate of the heat transfer medium in real time. The automatic control system controls the number of open electric valves according to the flow rate of the heat transfer medium and the energy storage state of each energy storage unit to ensure that the flow rate through any energy storage unit is within the designed range.

[0080] As the heat release process proceeds, when any energy storage unit 8 is completed, the two end electric valves are closed, and the state marker is modified to complete heat release; the electric valves at the two ends of another energy storage unit marked to wait for heat release are opened, and the state marker is modified to be in heat release.

[0081] In the heat release process, the flow rate of the heat transfer medium changes dynamically due to the user's electricity demand and the time-varying characteristics of renewable energy;

[0082] The heat exchange medium obtains heat from the sand during the heat release process, and this part of heat will be used to generate electricity; at night, the demand for electricity is high, and solar energy cannot function, which will result in insufficient power generation, and this part of insufficient power needs to be released by the sand to achieve it; during the heat release process, the heat exchange medium is heated to the same temperature, and the heat release is proportional to the flow of the heat exchange medium. The heat release needs to be balanced with the demand for power generation, that is, the flow of the heat exchange medium needs to be balanced with the demand for power generation; the demand for power generation is dynamically changing, so the flow of the heat exchange medium is dynamically changing.

[0083] The information acquisition unit 12 acquires the change of the working medium flow in real time, when the demand for heat exchange medium flow increases and is higher than the current working range of the energy storage unit 8, opens the electric valve at both ends of another marked energy storage unit 8 waiting for heat release, and modifies its state mark to be releasing heat; when the demand for heat exchange medium flow decreases and is lower than the current working range of the energy storage unit 8, closes the electric valve at both ends of any energy storage unit 8 marked as releasing heat, and modifies its state mark to be waiting for heat release.

[0084] In the process of storing / heat release, if any energy storage unit fails, immediately close the electric control valve on the distribution pipeline at both ends, and modify its state mark to be under repair.

[0085] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in combination with the drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure within the technical concept of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0086] In addition, it should be noted that various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any appropriate manner without contradiction, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combination manners.

Claims

1. A modular variable power heat storage, heat release sand tank system, characterized in that, The application relates to a heat storage and release system, which comprises a heat storage component and a monitoring component, wherein the heat storage component comprises a plurality of parallel heat storage units (8), the input end of each heat storage unit (8) is communicated with an inlet distribution pipeline (2), the inlet of the inlet distribution pipeline (2) is communicated with an inlet main pipeline (1), the output end of the heat storage unit (8) is communicated with an outlet distribution pipeline (10), and the outlet of the outlet distribution pipeline (10) is gathered on an outlet main pipeline (11); the monitoring component comprises an information acquisition unit (12), the information acquisition unit (12) comprises two types of temperature sensors and flow sensors, the first type of temperature sensors and flow sensors are arranged on the inlet distribution pipeline (2) and the outlet distribution pipeline (10) respectively, the second type of temperature sensors are arranged in the heat storage unit (8), and the temperature sensors (9) for measuring the sand temperature in the heat storage unit (8) are provided. The first type of temperature sensors and flow sensors are inlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors (41) and outlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors (42) for measuring the heat exchange medium temperature, and inlet distribution pipeline flow sensors (51) and outlet distribution pipeline flow sensors (52) for measuring the flow; The inlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors (41) and the inlet distribution pipeline flow sensors (51) are installed on the pipeline of the inlet distribution pipeline (2); 2. A modular heat storage and release sand tank system of variable power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors (42) and the outlet distribution pipeline flow sensors (52) are installed on the pipeline of the outlet distribution pipeline (10); The real-time temperature and flow data collected by the inlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors (41), the outlet distribution pipeline temperature sensors (42), the inlet distribution pipeline flow sensors (51) and the outlet distribution pipeline flow sensors (52) are processed by an information processing unit (13) to judge the actual heat storage and release power; The temperature data collected by the temperature sensors (9) are processed by the information processing unit (13) to judge the heat storage unit state. Inlet distribution pipeline electric control valves (31) are installed on the pipeline of the inlet distribution pipeline (2), and outlet distribution pipeline electric control valves (32) are installed on the pipeline of the outlet distribution pipeline (10); The inlet distribution pipeline electric control valves (31) and the outlet distribution pipeline electric control valves (32) are controlled by an automatic control unit (14) to realize automatic operation; 3. The modular, variable power, heat storage and release sand tank system of claim 1, wherein, The information acquisition unit (12) is connected with the information processing unit (13) and the automatic control system (14). Any inlet distribution pipeline electric control valve (31) is opened / closed according to the instruction of the information processing unit (13) to realize independent operation of the heat storage unit (8); Any heat storage unit (8) is designed to have a fixed heat storage and release power range, the number of working heat storage units (8) is controlled according to the actual demand heat storage and release power to realize variable power regulation.

4. A modular heat storage and release sand tank system of variable power according to claim 3, characterized in that, Variable power regulation is realized through two ways: (1) the heat exchange power in a small range is regulated by regulating the flow of the heat exchange medium of a single heat storage unit (8); 5. A modular heat storage and release sand tank system of variable power according to claim 4, characterized in that, ​ ​ (2) By adjusting the number of parallel energy storage units (8) running at the same time to achieve a wide range of heat exchange power regulation; by distributing the heat exchange medium flow to multiple parallel energy storage units (8), ensure that each energy storage unit (8) flow does not exceed the upper limit, the total heat exchange power is the sum of each energy storage unit (8) heat exchange power; Through the small and large range of heat exchange power regulation to achieve continuous heat exchange power variation.

6. A modular heat storage and release sand tank system of variable power according to claim 5, wherein, Energy storage unit (8) is a sand-filled energy storage system, the forms of heat exchange include: (1) Using fixed bed or fluidized bed, in which the heat exchange medium directly contacts with sand for heat exchange; (2) Arranging heat exchange pipe in the energy storage unit (8), that is, using the method of embedding pipe in sand, the heat exchange medium flows through the pipe to realize indirect heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and sand; The heat exchange pipe is arranged in S shape.

7. A modular heat storage and release sand tank system of variable power according to claim 6, characterized in that, The real-time operating parameters of the heat exchange medium are measured by the inlet distribution pipe temperature sensor (41), the outlet distribution pipe temperature sensor (42), the inlet distribution pipe flow sensor (51) and the outlet distribution pipe flow sensor (52), and the actual heat storage / heat release power is judged by the information processing unit (13), and the number of energy storage units (8) working at the same time is controlled; the state of the energy storage unit (8) is marked by the information processing unit (13), which is convenient for the control of the subsequent operation process; The inlet distribution pipe electric valve (31) and the outlet distribution pipe electric valve (32) are controlled by the automatic control unit (14), and the working state of the energy storage unit (8) is quickly regulated according to the instructions provided by the information processing unit (13).

8. The modular, variable power, heat storage and heat release sand tank system of claim 1, wherein, All energy storage units (8) are arranged in the support structure (6), and the support structure (6) is provided with a heat preservation structure (7) outside.

9. A method of controlling a variable power modular heat storage, heat release sand tank system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The inlet distribution pipe temperature sensor (41) arranged in the inlet distribution pipe (2) is used to monitor the temperature of the heat exchange medium entering any energy storage unit (8), the outlet distribution pipe temperature sensor (42) of the outlet distribution pipe (10) is used to monitor the temperature of the heat exchange medium leaving any energy storage unit (8), and the temperature sensor (9) in the energy storage unit (8) is used to determine the state of the energy storage unit; The inlet distribution pipe flow sensor (51) and the outlet distribution pipe flow sensor (52) are used to monitor the flow of the heat exchange medium entering and leaving any energy storage unit (8); The information processing unit (13) is used to store the information collected by the information acquisition unit (12), judge and process the collected information, and output control instructions according to the processing results, select the corresponding number of energy storage units 8 according to the main heat exchange medium flow, and specify the heat exchange medium flow of each energy storage unit (8), and after any energy storage unit (8) completes heat storage, its state is modified to complete energy storage; The automatic control unit (14) receives the instructions issued by the information processing unit (13) and executes them, and the automatic control unit (14) controls the flow of each energy storage unit by adjusting the inlet distribution pipe electric valve (31) and the outlet distribution pipe electric valve (32).

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises: The temperature sensor (9) arranged in the energy storage unit (8) collects the temperature data of the energy storage unit (8); the information processing unit (13) marks the energy storage unit state according to the collected temperature data of the energy storage unit (8); the internal temperature T of the energy storage unit (8) is set as the heating stop temperature, and t is the heat release termination temperature; During the energy storage process, the states of all normal energy storage units (8) with a temperature lower than T are marked as energy-storable; the normal energy storage units (8) reaching or exceeding T are marked as energy storage completed; During the energy release process, the states of all normal energy storage units (8) with a temperature higher than t are marked as energy-releasable; the normal energy storage units (8) reaching or being lower than t are marked as energy release completed; The heat exchange working medium flow in the inlet main pipeline (1) before the inlet distribution pipeline and the outlet main pipeline (11) is collected; the specific working energy storage unit and the flow size thereof are selected by the information processing unit (13); and finally the automatic control unit (14) is executed to adjust the heat exchange working medium flow entering the energy storage unit (8).

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