Pulse generator transient heat dissipation device and method based on composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling

Abstract

The invention discloses a pulse generator transient heat dissipation device and method based on composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling. The heat dissipation device comprises a composite phase change energy storage module, a liquid cooling layer and a fluid driving unit. The composite phase change energy storage module is fixed on the outer circumference of an armature winding of the pulse generator, a heat conduction phase change material is arranged in the composite phase change energy storage module and used for absorbing pulse heat, the liquid cooling layer is fixed on the outer circumference of the composite phase change energy storage module, and the fluid driving unit is used for driving cooling liquid in the liquid cooling layer and controlling the flow speed of the cooling liquid to be adaptively adjusted along with pulse working conditions. According to the invention, rapid absorption and release of pulse heat can be realized, and the megawatt transient heat dissipation requirement of the pulse generator under a millisecond time scale is met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of generator thermal management, in particular to a pulse generator transient heat dissipation device and method based on composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling. BACKGROUND

[0002] High-energy pulse generators have transient heat dissipation needs, and the heat dissipation system needs to handle megawatt-level heat within milliseconds to improve the repetition frequency and reliability of the equipment. The traditional heat dissipation technology of the motor usually adopts air cooling or ordinary liquid cooling system, which has the following limitations when applied to pulse generators: the air cooling or ordinary liquid cooling system has slow response speed and cannot cope with millisecond transient heat shock, and the thermal response speed and heat dissipation power cannot match the intermittent characteristics of the pulse working condition; the traditional heat dissipation structure has low space utilization rate and is difficult to integrate in a compact pulse generator. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, the present application provides a pulse generator transient heat dissipation device and method based on composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling, which realizes rapid absorption and release of pulse heat and solves the megawatt-level transient heat dissipation needs of the pulse generator within the millisecond time scale.

[0004] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0005] The pulse generator transient heat dissipation device based on composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling comprises a composite phase change energy storage module, a liquid cooling layer and a fluid driving unit.

[0006] The composite phase change energy storage module is fixed to the outer circumference of the pulse generator armature winding, the composite phase change energy storage module is provided with heat-conducting phase change material inside for absorbing pulse heat, the liquid cooling layer is fixed to the outer circumference of the composite phase change energy storage module, and the fluid driving unit is used to drive the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling layer to control the cooling liquid flow rate to be self-adaptively adjusted according to the pulse working condition.

[0007] Further, the composite phase change energy storage module further comprises a cylindrical metal substrate, the cylindrical metal substrate is connected between the inner and outer walls through support columns arranged in the circumferential direction, the support columns are arranged in the axial direction at intervals, the outer surface of the inner wall is provided with a groove array, and the heat-conducting phase change material is filled in the groove cavities.

[0008] Further, the cylindrical metal substrate has a multilayer structure, and the heat-conducting phase change materials of adjacent two layers cover the entire surface of the cylindrical metal substrate in space.

[0009] Further, the cylindrical metal substrate is made of copper or aluminum.

[0010] Further, the flow channel in the liquid cooling layer adopts one of a circumferential flow channel, a spiral flow channel and an axial flow channel.

[0011] Further, the flow channel in the liquid cooling layer is one of fractal, reticular or honeycomb topology.

[0012] The application also provides a transient heat dissipation method for a pulse generator based on composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling, which adopts the pulse generator transient heat dissipation device described above, and the heat dissipation method steps are as follows:

[0013] Step one, after the fluid driving unit is powered on, it enters an initialization state, and preset basic cooling flow Q base , temperature threshold T max , PID control parameters are entered; the basic cooling flow Q base is maintained, and the non-pulse stage is run;

[0014] Step two, receive the pulse trigger signal from the pulse generator, detect whether to enter the pulse stage; if the pulse stage is entered, control the cooling liquid flow rate, so that the flow is increased to the peak value Q peak , and the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling layer carries away the heat absorbed by the composite phase change energy storage module; if the pulse stage is not entered, the basic cooling flow is continuously maintained until the next pulse signal trigger;

[0015] Step three, real-time acquisition of the temperature data of the armature winding, calculation of the cooling liquid adjustment amount according to the difference between the temperature data and the temperature threshold T max , and PID dynamic adjustment of the cooling liquid flow;

[0016] Step four, detection of whether the pulse stage is ended, if not, repeat step three; if ended and the temperature of the armature winding is not greater than T max -10℃, control the cooling liquid flow rate, so that the flow falls back to the basic cooling flow Q base ;

[0017] Step five, whether the pulse generator continues to run, if continues to run, repeat steps three and four, if stops to run, end the heat dissipation.

[0018] Further, in step four, if the pulse stage is ended, start the intermittent heat dissipation program, so that the cooling liquid flow gradually decreases according to an exponential curve until the temperature of the armature winding is not greater than T max -10℃.

[0019] Further, if the collected temperature of the armature winding is not less than T max +5℃, the cooling liquid flow is increased to 1.5Q peak , and an alarm is given.

[0020] Further, the flow meter detects the flow information of the liquid cooling layer in real time, if blockage or leakage occurs, the heat dissipation device is closed and an alarm is given.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] 1、On the one hand, the composite phase change energy storage module is used to absorb pulse heat, and the thermal conductivity of the heat-conducting phase change material is significantly improved; on the other hand, the fluid driving unit is used to control the cooling liquid flow rate of the liquid cooling layer to be self-adaptively adjusted according to the pulse working condition, and the cooling liquid is efficiently radiated in the intermittent period. Through the cooperation of the phase change energy storage and the liquid cooling, the rapid absorption and release of transient heat are realized, the megawatt-level transient heat dissipation demand of the pulse generator on the millisecond time scale is met, the repetition frequency and the reliability of the pulse generator are improved, and the pulse generator is suitable for transient high-power scenes such as high-energy lasers and electromagnetic launches. Moreover, the composite phase change energy storage module is fixed to the outer periphery of the pulse generator armature winding, and the liquid cooling layer is fixed to the outer periphery of the composite phase change energy storage module, so that the modular structure can be adapted to pulse generators with different power densities.

[0023] 2、The cylindrical metal substrate has a multi-layer structure, and the heat-conducting phase change materials of adjacent two layers cover the entire surface of the cylindrical metal substrate in space, so that the heat of the pulse generator armature winding can be fully absorbed.

[0024] 3、The flow channel in the liquid cooling layer has one of fractal, mesh and honeycomb topological structures, and can be arranged in a targeted manner in the part where heat is concentrated, so that the heat dissipation effect is good. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pulse generator and the heat dissipation device.

[0026] Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composite phase change energy storage module, wherein (a) is an overall structure view and a side view of the composite phase change energy storage module, and (b) is a groove array and a support column structure view of the composite phase change energy storage module.

[0027] Figure 3 Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the heat dissipation method.

[0028] In the figures, 1 is a pulse generator, 101 is an armature winding, 102 is an excitation winding, 103 is a rotating shaft, 104 is an energy storage flywheel, 105 is a machine shell, 2 is a composite phase change energy storage module, 201 is an inner wall of a cylindrical metal substrate, 202 is an outer wall of the cylindrical metal substrate, 203 is a phase change material filling layer, 203-1 is a cavity, 203-2 is a groove array, and 203-3 is a support column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0030] The present invention provides a transient heat dissipation device for a pulse generator based on composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling, including a composite phase change energy storage module 2, a liquid cooling layer 3, and a fluid drive unit 4.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, an energy storage flywheel 104 is fixed externally to the rotating shaft 103, an excitation winding 102 is fixed externally to the energy storage flywheel 104, and an armature winding 101 is fixed externally to the excitation winding 102. Both the composite phase change energy storage module 2 and the liquid cooling layer 33 are cylindrical and housed within the housing 105 of the pulse generator 1. The composite phase change energy storage module 2 is fixed to the outer circumference of the armature winding 101 of the pulse generator 1. The composite phase change energy storage module 2 contains a thermally conductive phase change material to absorb pulse heat. The liquid cooling layer 3 is fixed to the outer circumference of the composite phase change energy storage module 2. A fluid drive unit 4 drives the coolant within the liquid cooling layer 3 and controls the coolant flow rate to adaptively adjust according to the pulse operating conditions.

[0032] Specifically, the composite phase change energy storage module 2 also includes a cylindrical metal substrate, which is made of copper or aluminum. For example... Figure 2 The inner wall 201 and outer wall 202 of the cylindrical metal substrate are connected by circumferentially arranged support columns 203-3, which are spaced axially. The outer surface of the inner wall has a groove array 203-2, and thermally conductive phase change material is filled within the groove cavities 203-1. The space between the inner wall 201 and outer wall 202 is a phase change material filling layer 203. The thermally conductive phase change material can be an organic / inorganic composite system to meet different temperature requirements; in this embodiment, nanoparticle-reinforced phase change material is used.

[0033] In other embodiments, the cylindrical metal substrate has a multi-layered wall structure, with two adjacent layers of thermally conductive phase change material spatially covering the entire surface of the cylindrical metal substrate.

[0034] The flow channels within the liquid cooling layer 3 adopt one of the following: circumferential flow channels, spiral flow channels, or axial flow channels. The flow channels within the liquid cooling layer 3 can also be one of the following: fractal, mesh, or honeycomb topologies, which can be specifically arranged in areas where heat is concentrated, resulting in good heat dissipation.

[0035] The fluid drive unit 4 includes a high-speed pump 401 and a controller 402, the controller 402 being used to drive the high-speed pump 401 to operate. The high-speed pump 401 can be a mechanical pump, an electromagnetic pump, or a piezoelectric pump.

[0036] This invention also provides a transient heat dissipation method for a pulse generator based on composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the heat dissipation method using the aforementioned pulse generator transient heat dissipation device follows these steps:

[0037] Step one, fluid driving unit 4 is powered on and enters the initialization state, preset basic cooling flow Q base , temperature threshold T max , PID control parameters (proportional gain K p , integral time constant K i , differential time constant K d );Maintain the basic cooling flow Q base , run in the non-pulse stage;

[0038] Step two, receive the pulse trigger signal from the pulse generator 1, detect whether to enter the pulse stage; If it enters the pulse stage, control the cooling liquid flow rate, so that the flow is raised to the peak value Q peak , the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling layer 3 carries away the heat absorbed by the composite phase change energy storage module 2; If it does not enter the pulse stage, continue to maintain the basic cooling flow until the next pulse signal trigger;

[0039] Step three, use temperature sensor to collect real-time temperature data T real of armature winding 101, calculate the cooling liquid adjustment amount according to the difference between it and temperature threshold T max , and use PID dynamic adjustment to adjust the cooling liquid flow; The temperature sensor can be a thermocouple or an optical fiber sensor.

[0040] Specifically, the dynamic adjustment method is:

[0041] Calculate temperature difference: ΔT = T max -T real , T real is the monitored real-time temperature;

[0042] Output flow adjustment amount:

[0043] Through PWM signal or voltage modulation, adjust the pump speed in real time, so that the cooling liquid flow dynamically changes according to Q = Q base + ΔQ.

[0044] Step four, detect whether the pulse stage is over, if not, repeat step three; If it is over, start the intermittent heat dissipation program, so that the cooling liquid flow gradually decreases according to the exponential curve (the exponential curve is Q(t) = Q peak · e -τ / t , where τ is the decay constant) to avoid temperature rebound, until the temperature of the armature winding 101 is not more than T max -10℃, that is, T real ≤ T max -10℃, at this time, control the cooling liquid flow rate, so that the flow falls back to the basic cooling flow Q base ;

[0045] Step five, whether the pulse generator 1 continues to run, if it continues to run, repeat steps three, four, if the pulse engine stops running, end heat dissipation.

[0046] No pulse signal and temperature stability, into the deep standby, at this time the flow is reduced to 0.5Q peak , low power standby.

[0047] In addition, the method also includes abnormal processing and protection mechanism.

[0048] (1) over-temperature protection: if the temperature of the armature winding 101 collected is not less than T max +5℃, that is, T real ≥T max +5℃, trigger emergency cooling, increase the flow of cooling liquid to 1.5Q peak And alarm.

[0049] (2) flow monitoring: the flow meter detects the flow information of the liquid cooling layer 3 in real time, if blockage or leakage occurs, the heat dissipation device is closed and an alarm is given.

[0050] In summary, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A pulsed generator transient heat sink device based on composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling, characterized in that, The composite phase change energy storage module, the liquid cooling layer, and the fluid driving unit are included. The composite phase change energy storage module is fixed on the outer periphery of the pulsed generator armature winding, and a heat-conducting phase change material is arranged in the composite phase change energy storage module to absorb pulse heat. The liquid cooling layer is fixed on the outer periphery of the composite phase change energy storage module, and the fluid driving unit is used to drive the cooling liquid in the liquid cooling layer to adaptively adjust the flow rate of the cooling liquid according to the pulse working condition.

2. The composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling based pulsed generator transient heat sink device of claim 1, wherein, The composite phase change energy storage module further includes a cylindrical metal substrate, and the inner and outer walls of the cylindrical metal substrate are connected through support columns arranged in the circumferential direction. The support columns are arranged in the axial direction at intervals, the outer surface of the inner wall is provided with a groove array, and the heat-conducting phase change material is filled in the groove cavity.

3. The composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling based pulsed generator transient heat sink device of claim 2, wherein, The cylindrical metal substrate has a multilayer structure, and the heat-conducting phase change materials of adjacent two layers cover the entire surface of the cylindrical metal substrate in space.

4. The composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling based pulsed generator transient heat sink device of claim 2 or 3, wherein, The cylindrical metal substrate is made of copper or aluminum.

5. The composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling based pulsed generator transient heat sink of claim 1, wherein, The flow channel in the liquid cooling layer adopts one of a circumferential flow channel, a spiral flow channel, and an axial flow channel.

6. The composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling based pulsed generator transient heat sink of claim 1, wherein, The flow channel in the liquid cooling layer has one of fractal, mesh, and honeycomb topological structures.

7. A method for transient heat dissipation of a pulse generator based on composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling, characterized in that, The pulsed generator transient heat dissipation device is used, and the heat dissipation method steps are as follows: Step one, the fluid driving unit is powered on to enter the initialization state, preset the basic cooling flow Q base , temperature threshold T max , PID control parameters; Maintain base cooling flow Q base Run in non-pulsed phase; Step two, receive the pulse trigger signal from the pulsed generator, and detect whether to enter the pulse stage; If entering the pulse phase, control the coolant flow rate, so that the flow rate is raised to the peak value Q peak The cooling liquid in the liquid cooling layer carries away the heat absorbed by the composite phase change energy storage module; if not entering the pulse phase, continue to maintain the basic cooling flow until the next pulse signal triggers; Step three, real-time acquisition of the temperature data of the armature winding, calculation of the cooling liquid adjustment amount according to the difference between the temperature threshold T max and the temperature data of the armature winding, and dynamic adjustment of the cooling liquid flow by using PID. Step four, detect if the pulse phase is over, if not, repeat step three; if yes and the temperature of the armature winding is not greater than T max -10°C, then control the flow rate of the coolant so that the flow rate falls back to the basic cooling flow rate Q base ; Step five, whether the pulsed generator continues to run, if it continues to run, repeat steps three and four, if it stops running, end the heat dissipation.

8. The composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling based transient heat dissipation method for pulse generator of claim 7, wherein, The step four further comprises, if the pulse phase is over, starting the intermittent period heat removal procedure, gradually reducing the coolant flow according to an exponential curve until the temperature of the armature winding is not greater than T max -10°C.

9. The composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling based pulsed generator transient heat dissipation method of claim 7, wherein, If the temperature of the armature winding collected is not less than T max +5℃, the flow of the cooling liquid is raised to 1.5Q peak and an alarm is given.

10. The composite phase change energy storage and liquid cooling based pulsed generator transient heat dissipation method of claim 7 or 9, wherein, The flow meter detects the flow information of the liquid cooling layer in real time, and if blockage or leakage occurs, the heat dissipation device is closed and an alarm is given.

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