Preparation system of mixed magnetic control plasma arc nanometer oxidized powder

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nano material preparation, in particular to a mixed magnetic control plasma arc nano oxidized powder preparation system which adopts a single-electrode structural design, a crucible reaction chamber is used as another electrode for electric conduction, raw materials are arranged between the two electrodes in the crucible reaction chamber, and after the raw materials are in contact electrification, the raw materials are separated from the crucible reaction chamber. The generated plasma arc energy field directly gasifies a molten raw material (the raw material flows into the crucible reaction chamber through a liquid level controller after being molten by a smelting furnace connected outside the crucible reaction chamber), air is introduced during the gasification, and saturated steam is pumped out through an exhaust system and enters a cooling system; and oxygen in the air and saturated metal steam are subjected to a tuberculosis reaction in the cooling nucleation process to generate nano powder of metal oxide, so that the problems of high energy, low efficiency, electrode loss, equipment operation and maintenance, poor process stability, environmental protection and safety of most plasma equipment at present are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nanomaterial preparation technology, specifically to a preparation system for hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, industrial equipment for preparing metal oxide nanopowders mainly consists of DC arc plasma equipment and thermal plasma jet systems. While these are costly, they offer high output, high product quality, and high purity. Many companies capable of ton-scale production primarily use DC arc plasma equipment for nanopowder production. This equipment uses DC power and employs refractory metals or graphite electrodes with coaxial or opposing anodes. After discharge, air is introduced, and the metal raw material is vaporized in the reaction chamber. The carrier gas then carries the raw material vapor into a quenching zone, forming nanoparticles. However, most current plasma equipment suffers from problems such as high energy consumption and low efficiency, electrode wear, poor equipment maintenance, poor process stability, and environmental and safety concerns. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in current technologies, a hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxide powder preparation system is provided. This system employs a single-electrode structural design, with the crucible reaction chamber serving as the other conductive electrode. The raw material is positioned between the two electrodes within the crucible reaction chamber. Upon contact and electrification, the generated plasma arc energy field directly vaporizes the molten raw material (the raw material is melted in an external furnace outside the crucible reaction chamber and flows into the crucible reaction chamber via a level controller). During this process, air is introduced, and the saturated vapor is extracted by an exhaust system and sent to a cooling system. This allows the oxygen in the air to nucleate and react with the saturated metal vapor during the cooling nucleation process, generating metal oxide nano-powder. This system solves the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency, electrode wear, poor equipment maintenance, poor process stability, and environmental and safety issues that exist in most current plasma equipment.

[0004] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a preparation system for hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxide powder, comprising a single-electrode arc furnace mechanism, a product collection system, and an exhaust mechanism for guiding gas flow from the single-electrode arc furnace mechanism to the product collection system. The single-electrode arc furnace mechanism includes a crucible reaction chamber containing molten metal raw materials and serving as a conductive electrode; a magnetron controller surrounding the outside of the crucible reaction chamber for generating a rotating alternating magnetic field; an electrode lifting mechanism located outside the crucible reaction chamber; and an electrode mounted on the electrode lifting mechanism with its bottom end extending into the crucible reaction chamber. The electrode lifting mechanism drives the electrode to contact the molten metal raw materials to form an arc, and then adjusts the distance between the electrode and the liquid surface in real time based on the negative resistance characteristics of the arc voltage. The magnetron controller simultaneously elongates the arc to form a plasma energy field and confines it to the central region of the reaction chamber, and rotates and stirs the molten raw materials through the magnetic field. The vapor from the molten raw materials reacts with the cold air drawn in by the exhaust mechanism within the pipeline to generate nano-oxide, which is then collected by the product collection system.

[0005] Preferably, it also includes a settling device disposed between the single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism and the product collection system. The exhaust mechanism includes a dual-channel cooling pipe that connects the single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism and the settling device. The nano-oxides generated by the reaction of molten raw material vapor in the dual-channel cooling pipe are cooled and filtered by the settling device and then enter the product collection system for collection.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes an external furnace connected to the crucible reaction chamber. The external furnace is equipped with a level controller, which dynamically maintains the liquid level of the molten raw material in the crucible reaction chamber by controlling the raw material supply of the external furnace.

[0007] Preferably, the product collection system includes two exhaust collection devices connected to the settling device, and an electric butterfly valve is installed between the exhaust collection device and the settling device; when one of the exhaust collection devices is activated to collect nano-oxides, the other exhaust collection device is activated to backflushing for unloading.

[0008] Preferably, the system further includes a crucible inner wall cleaning mechanism, which includes a slewing bearing disposed on the outer side of the top of the crucible reaction chamber and having an outer ring capable of rotating relative to the crucible reaction chamber; a scraper connected to the outer ring of the slewing bearing and having a clearance fit with the inner wall of the crucible reaction chamber; and a motor fixedly disposed on the outer side of the crucible reaction chamber, with a drive gear on its output shaft meshing with the outer ring of the slewing bearing.

[0009] Preferably, the crucible inner wall cleaning mechanism further includes a movable block slidably disposed on the scraper along the length direction of the scraper, and a sliding drive assembly disposed on the outer ring of the slewing bearing and connected to the movable block for driving the movable block to move along the length direction of the scraper.

[0010] Preferably, the sliding drive assembly includes: a support, radially disposed on the outer ring of the slewing bearing, with a fixed column disposed thereon; a drive arm, rotatably connected to the top of the fixed column at its middle position; a sliding block, slidably disposed on the support in the vertical direction; a first connecting rod, with its two ends hinged to one end of the sliding block and one end of the drive arm, respectively; a second connecting rod, with its two ends hinged to the sliding block and the movable block, respectively; and a guide plate, fixedly disposed outside the crucible reaction chamber, with its top end having a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface capable of slidingly engaging with the sliding arm.

[0011] Preferably, the sliding drive assembly further includes: a sliding plate, which is slidably disposed on one side of the support in a vertical direction, with a lower rotating shaft at the bottom end of the sliding plate that slides and engages with the top end of the guide plate, and an upper rotating shaft at the top end that slides and engages with the bottom end of the drive arm.

[0012] Preferably, the sliding drive assembly further includes a scraper claw, which is rotatably mounted on the movable block.

[0013] Preferably, the electrode lifting mechanism includes: a ball screw slide, longitudinally disposed on the outside of the crucible reaction chamber; a clamping frame, transversely disposed on the working part of the ball screw slide, with its inner side forming a fixed side that engages with the outer shaft of the electrode; an abutment plate, slidably disposed in the clamping frame to form a movable side opposite to the fixed side; a drive shaft, transversely slidably disposed in the clamping frame and connected at one end to the abutment plate; and a driven arm, rotatably disposed in the clamping frame, with a movable arm hinged to one end of the drive shaft at its top.

[0014] The cylinder is horizontally positioned at the bottom of the clamping frame, and its output rod is hinged to the bottom of the driven arm.

[0015] The advantages of this application compared to the prior art are:

[0016] 1. Increased production efficiency

[0017] The plasma arc is directly connected to the raw material, resulting in less energy loss during the ablation process; after the raw material is melted in an external furnace, it is introduced into the reaction chamber, where the liquid raw material is more easily vaporized and has better conductivity when in contact with the motor.

[0018] 2. High degree of automation and enhanced security

[0019] The production process is automatically controlled by various sensors in conjunction with a monitoring system and PLC, ensuring that the current and voltage remain within the process requirements throughout the production process. This eliminates the need for excessive manual operation and enhances safety.

[0020] 3. Simple and convenient maintenance

[0021] The structure of key components adopts automated control. Commands can be issued directly using control software to easily disassemble and replace important parts, resulting in lower maintenance costs.

[0022] 4. Energy-saving and environmentally friendly

[0023] All waste gases generated during the production process can be effectively controlled, and the amount of carbon dioxide emissions is only related to the amount of electrode wear. Since the metal raw materials are melted in a furnace and then ablated and vaporized in a crucible reaction chamber, the liquid raw materials consume less electrical energy due to the ablation effect compared to the unstable electric arc of discharging irregular solid metal raw materials.

[0024] 5. Improved product quality

[0025] The produced metal oxide nanopowder products are of high quality and purity, and the powder is uniform. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of a hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional view of the crucible reaction chamber in a hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of part A.

[0030] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of section B.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the crucible reaction chamber and the magnetron in a hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the crucible inner wall cleaning mechanism in a hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system of the present invention, taken from a first-view perspective.

[0033] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of point C.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of the crucible inner wall cleaning mechanism in a hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system of the present invention, viewed from a second perspective.

[0035] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A magnified view of a portion of point D.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional view of the crucible reaction chamber in a hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the crucible reaction chamber and the exhaust hood in a hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system of the present invention.

[0038] The diagram is labeled as follows: 2. Single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism; 21. Crucible reaction chamber; 3. Electrode lifting mechanism; 31. Ball screw slide; 32. Clamping frame; 33. Abutment plate; 34. Drive shaft; 35. Driven arm; 36. Movable arm; 37. Cylinder; 5. Magnetizer; 6. External furnace; 7. Crucible inner wall cleaning mechanism; 71. Slewing bearing; 72. Scraper; 73. Motor; 731. Drive gear; 74. Movable block; 75. Sliding drive assembly; 751. Support; 7511. Fixed column; 752. Drive arm; 753. 754. Sliding block; 755. First connecting rod; 756. Second connecting rod; 757. Guide plate; 757. Sliding plate; 7571. Lower rotating shaft; 7572. Upper rotating shaft; 758. Scraper; 8. Exhaust hood; 9. Exhaust duct; 10. Settling device; 11. Discharge valve; 12. Dust collector duct from settling chamber to dust collector; 14. Dust collector; 15. Dust collection duct from material collection to dust collection system; 16. Environmental dust removal system; 17. Backflush air storage tank; 18. Fan silencer; 19. High-pressure induced draft fan; 20. Electric butterfly valve; 23. Magnet controller cooling fan; 22. Electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a hybrid magnetically controlled plasma arc nano-oxide powder preparation system includes a single-electrode arc furnace mechanism, a product collection system, and an exhaust mechanism for guiding gas flow from the single-electrode arc furnace mechanism to the product collection system. The single-electrode arc furnace mechanism includes a crucible reaction chamber 21, which holds molten metal raw materials and serves as a conductive electrode; a magnetic controller 5, which is arranged around the outside of the crucible reaction chamber 21 to generate a rotating alternating magnetic field; an electrode lifting mechanism 3, which is arranged outside the crucible reaction chamber 21; and an electrode 22, which is mounted on the electrode lifting mechanism 3 and extends its bottom end into the crucible reaction chamber 21. The electrode lifting mechanism 3 drives the electrode 22 to contact the molten metal raw materials to form an arc, and then adjusts the distance between the electrode and the liquid surface in real time based on the negative resistance characteristics of the arc voltage. The magnetic controller 5 simultaneously elongates the arc to form a plasma energy field and confines it to the central region of the reaction chamber, and rotates and stirs the molten raw materials through the magnetic field. The vapor of the molten raw materials reacts with the cold air drawn in by the exhaust mechanism in the pipeline to generate nano-oxides, which are collected by the product collection system. The electrode is made of refractory metal or graphite; as an example, this embodiment of the invention uses an electrode.

[0041] Electrode 22 includes, but is not limited to, graphite electrode.

[0042] A magnetron cooling fan 23 is also provided around the magnetron 5 to cool it.

[0043] The product collection system includes a settling device 10, and a discharge valve 11 is provided at the bottom of the settling device 10.

[0044] A settling chamber to dust collector duct 12 is provided between the settling device 10 and the dust collector 14.

[0045] It also includes an environmental dust removal system, with a material collection duct 15 connecting the dust collector 14 and the environmental dust removal system.

[0046] It also includes a backflush air tank 17, a fan silencer 18, and a high-pressure induced draft fan 19.

[0047] The top of the crucible reaction chamber 21 is equipped with an exhaust hood 8, and the top of the exhaust hood 8 is equipped with an exhaust pipe 9. The other end of the exhaust pipe 9 is connected to a settling device 10. The settling device 10 is connected to the dust collector 14 through a settling chamber to a settling chamber to a dust collector duct 12. The dust collector 14 is connected to the environmental dust removal system 16 through a material collection to dust collection system duct 15. The environmental dust removal system 16 is equipped with a back-blowing air storage tank 17. The environmental dust removal system 16 is connected to a high-pressure induced draft fan 19 through a pipeline. The outlet of the high-pressure induced draft fan 19 is equipped with a fan silencer 18.

[0048] A cooling fan is installed on one side of the magnetic controller 5 to prevent the magnetic controller 5 from overheating.

[0049] The single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism achieves efficient heating of molten metal raw materials and generation of plasma energy field through the coordinated operation of crucible reaction chamber 21, magnetocontroller 5, electrode lifting mechanism 3 and electrode 22.

[0050] The crucible reaction chamber 21 holds molten metal raw materials and serves as a conductive electrode in contact with the electric arc. The reaction chamber is designed to withstand high temperatures and effectively guide current during operation. A magnetron 5 surrounds the outside of the crucible reaction chamber 21, generating a rotating alternating magnetic field. This field not only lengthens the electric arc and forms a stable plasma energy field but also stirs the molten metal, ensuring uniform heating. The electrode lifting mechanism 3, located outside the crucible reaction chamber 21, precisely controls the distance between the electrode 22 and the surface of the molten metal, ensuring the stability of the arc voltage and optimizing the arc output. The electrode 22 is mounted on the electrode lifting mechanism 3, with its bottom end extending into the crucible reaction chamber 21, contacting the molten metal raw materials to form an electric arc for heating.

[0051] Utilizing the negative resistance characteristic of the arc voltage, the arc operates stably at high efficiency. Simultaneously, the magnetron 5 forms a concentrated plasma region through the magnetic field, effectively improving the heating efficiency of the metal raw materials. The molten metal raw materials evaporate under the influence of the plasma, generating gases. These gases interact with the cold air introduced by the exhaust system, reacting through the piping system to generate nano-oxides. The introduction of cold air not only helps control the reaction temperature and maintain the stability of the products but also effectively controls the particle size of the powder.

[0052] The generated nano-oxide powder is conveyed to the product collection system via airflow. In the product collection system, a settling device 10 separates larger powder particles through gravity settling. A discharge valve 11 is installed at the bottom to periodically discharge the settled powder, preventing blockage and ensuring continuous operation of the product collection system. A duct is installed between the settling device 10 and the dust collector 14 to efficiently filter dust from the airflow. The dust collector 14 further purifies the airflow by collecting fine dust and, through connection with an environmental dust removal system, effectively treats the emitted gas, reducing environmental pollution.

[0053] Airflow control is crucial for the system. A well-designed duct system, from the settling device 10 to the dust collector 14 and then to the material collection system, ensures smooth gas flow and prevents powder loss. To further optimize airflow and reduce noise, the system is equipped with a fan silencer 18 and a high-pressure induced draft fan 19, which not only enhances airflow control but also improves system efficiency.

[0054] To ensure stable operation of the magnetron 5, a cooling fan is installed on one side of the magnetron 5 to prevent performance degradation and equipment damage caused by high temperatures. The cooling fan provides continuous airflow, ensuring that the magnetron 5 maintains a low temperature even under high-frequency operation, thus extending the equipment's lifespan.

[0055] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it also includes a settling device 10 disposed between the single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism and the product collection system. The exhaust mechanism includes a dual-channel cooling pipe, which connects the single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism and the settling device 10. The nano-oxides generated by the reaction of molten raw material vapor in the dual-channel cooling pipe are cooled and filtered by the settling device 10 and then enter the product collection system for collection.

[0056] A dual-channel cooling pipeline connects the single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism and the settling device 10. The nano-oxides generated by the reaction of molten raw material vapor within the dual-channel cooling pipeline are cooled and filtered by the settling device 10 before entering the product collection system for collection. The dual-channel cooling pipeline includes an exhaust hood 8 and an exhaust pipe 9. The system also includes the settling device 10 positioned between the single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism and the product collection system. The exhaust mechanism is equipped with a dual-channel cooling pipeline, connecting the single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism and the settling device 10, ensuring that the molten raw material vapor can be cooled and react to generate nano-oxides during transport. After effective filtration and cooling, the nano-oxides in the vapor enter the product collection system for final collection via the cooling pipeline.

[0057] The dual-channel cooling system consists of an exhaust hood 8 and an exhaust pipe 9. The exhaust hood 8 is responsible for attracting molten raw material vapor and introducing it into the cooling system. The design of the cooling system ensures that the gas is fully cooled during flow, effectively promoting the generation and condensation of nano-oxides. As the gas flows, the nano-oxide particles gradually settle and are eventually cooled and filtered in the settling device 10, preventing the loss of fine particles and ensuring powder quality.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, it also includes an external furnace 6 connected to the crucible reaction chamber 21. The external furnace 6 is equipped with a liquid level controller, which dynamically maintains the liquid level of the molten raw material in the crucible reaction chamber 21 by controlling the raw material supply of the external furnace 6.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the product collection system includes two exhaust collection devices connected to the settling device 10. An electric butterfly valve 20 is installed between the exhaust collection device and the settling device 10. When one of the exhaust collection devices is activated to collect nano-oxides, the other exhaust collection device is activated to backflushing and unload the material.

[0060] like Figures 6-10 As shown, it also includes a crucible inner wall cleaning mechanism 7, which includes,

[0061] The slewing bearing 71 is disposed on the outer side of the top of the crucible reaction chamber 21 and has an outer ring that can rotate relative to the crucible reaction chamber 21;

[0062] The scraper 72 is connected to the outer ring of the slewing bearing 71 and is fitted with the inner wall of the crucible reaction chamber 21 with clearance.

[0063] The motor 73 is fixedly installed on the outside of the crucible reaction chamber 21, and its output shaft is provided with a drive gear 731 that meshes with the outer ring of the slewing bearing 71.

[0064] The slewing bearing 71 is located on the outer top of the crucible reaction chamber 21, enabling relative rotation with the crucible reaction chamber 21. This allows the scraper 72 to generate effective relative movement with the inner wall of the crucible during operation, ensuring smooth cleaning.

[0065] The scraper 72 is connected to the outer ring of the slewing bearing 71 and has a clearance fit with the inner wall of the crucible reaction chamber 21. The function of the scraper 72 is to remove molten metal or oxides adhering to the inner wall of the crucible. The scraper 72 is designed to conform to the curved shape of the inner wall of the crucible, ensuring that it can fully contact and clean all hard-to-reach areas.

[0066] The motor 73 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the crucible reaction chamber 21, and drives the outer ring of the slewing bearing 71 to rotate via the drive shaft 34. A drive gear 731 is mounted on the output shaft of the motor 73, and the gear meshes with the outer ring of the slewing bearing 71 to ensure that the scraper 72 rotates evenly and effectively on the inner wall of the crucible and completes the cleaning task.

[0067] like Figures 6-10 As shown, the crucible inner wall cleaning mechanism 7 also includes a movable block 74, which is slidably disposed on the scraper 72 along the length direction of the scraper 72, and a sliding drive assembly 75, which is disposed on the outer ring of the slewing bearing 71 and is connected to the movable block 74 for driving the movable block 74 to move along the length direction of the scraper 72.

[0068] The movable block 74 slides along the length of the scraper 72 and is mounted on the scraper 72. Its main function is to remove raw materials or molten metal adhering to the surface of the scraper 72, preventing them from accumulating or solidifying, thereby keeping the surface of the scraper 72 clean. The design of the movable block 74 allows the scraper 72 to maintain effective contact, avoiding the impact of material accumulation on the working efficiency of the scraper 72 or causing it to jam.

[0069] The sliding drive assembly 75 is mounted on the outer ring of the slewing bearing 71 and is connected to the movable block 74 via a transmission connection. The sliding drive assembly 75 drives the movable block 74 to slide along the length of the scraper 72, ensuring that the movable block 74 can precisely clean the scraper 72. During the cleaning process, the sliding motion of the movable block 74 helps to continuously clean the surface of the scraper 72, preventing material accumulation from affecting the normal operation of the scraper 72.

[0070] like Figures 6-10 As shown, the sliding drive assembly 75 includes: a support 751, which is radially disposed on the outer ring of the slewing bearing 71, and a fixed column 7511 is disposed thereon; a drive arm 752, which is rotatably connected to the top end of the fixed column 7511 at its middle position; a sliding block 753, which is slidably disposed on the support 751 in the vertical direction; a first connecting rod 754, whose two ends are respectively hinged to one end of the sliding block 753 and one end of the drive arm 752; a second connecting rod 755, whose two ends are respectively hinged to the sliding block 753 and the movable block 74; and a guide plate 756, which is fixedly disposed on the outside of the crucible reaction chamber 21, and whose top end is provided with a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface that can slide and cooperate with the sliding arm.

[0071] The support 751 is radially disposed on the outer ring of the slewing bearing 71, and a fixed column 7511 is disposed thereon. The fixed column 7511 provides support for other components, enabling the entire system to operate stably. The middle position of the drive arm 752 is rotatably connected to the top of the fixed column 7511, ensuring that the drive arm 752 can rotate, thereby driving the movement of the entire system.

[0072] The sliding block 753 is slidably mounted on the support 751 in a vertical direction. It is connected to the first connecting rod 754. One end of the first connecting rod 754 is hinged to the sliding block 753, and the other end is hinged to one end of the drive arm 752, transmitting the movement of the drive arm 752 to the sliding block 753. The sliding of the sliding block 753 directly affects the movement of the movable block 74, thereby completing the cleaning work of the scraper 72.

[0073] The second link 755 connects the sliding block 753 and the movable block 74, with one end hinged to the sliding block 753 and the other end hinged to the movable block 74. Through the action of the second link 755, the sliding of the sliding block 753 can drive the movable block 74 to slide along the surface of the scraper 72, thereby cleaning the raw material on the scraper 72 and ensuring that no raw material is left behind.

[0074] A guide plate 756 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the crucible reaction chamber 21, and its top end is provided with a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface. These inclined surfaces can slide and engage with the sliding arm to precisely guide the movement of the drive arm 752. Guided by the inclined surfaces, the drive arm 752 can swing longitudinally, and then drive the movable block 74 to slide along the surface of the scraper 72 through the first connecting rod 754, the sliding block 753, and the second connecting rod 755, thereby completing the task of cleaning the raw materials.

[0075] like Figures 6-10 As shown, the sliding drive assembly 75 also includes a sliding plate 757, which is slidably disposed on one side of the support 751 in a vertical direction. The bottom end of the sliding plate 757 is provided with a lower rotating shaft 7571 that slides and engages with the top end of the guide plate 756, and the top end of the sliding plate 757 is provided with an upper rotating shaft 7572 that slides and engages with the bottom end of the drive arm 752.

[0076] The bottom end of the sliding plate 757 is provided with a lower rotating shaft 7571 that slides and engages with the top end of the guide plate 756. Through the lower rotating shaft 7571, the sliding plate 757 can precisely engage with the guide plate 756, ensuring that the sliding path of the sliding plate 757 is stable and controlled. This design reduces cleaning problems that may be caused by deviation or jamming, ensuring a smooth sliding process.

[0077] In addition, the top of the sliding plate 757 is provided with an upper rotating shaft 7572 that slides and engages with the bottom of the drive arm 752. The upper rotating shaft 7572 enables the sliding plate 757 to effectively slide and engage with the drive arm 752, ensuring that the movement of the drive arm 752 can be accurately transmitted to the sliding plate 757, and further affecting the movement of other parts such as the sliding block 753 and the movable block 74.

[0078] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the sliding drive assembly 75 also includes a scraper 758, which is rotatably mounted on the movable block 74.

[0079] When the first and second inclined surfaces at the top of the guide plate 756 guide one end of the drive arm 752 to swing longitudinally, the drive arm 752 drives the first connecting rod 754 and the sliding block 753, and then the sliding block 753 drives the movable block 74 to slide on the surface of the scraper 72 via the second connecting rod 755. During this process, the scraper claw 758 swings or scrapes synchronously with the movement of the movable block 74. Since the scraper claw 758 is rotatably set, it can adaptively conform to the surface of the scraper 72 under the action of force, thereby achieving thorough scraping of the adhered material.

[0080] By setting a scraper 758 on the movable block 74, the sliding drive assembly 75 no longer relies solely on the sliding of the block for cleaning. Instead, it adds a cleaning component with flexibility and angle adjustment capabilities, making the entire system more adaptable to the surface of the scraper 72 and achieving a more thorough cleaning effect.

[0081] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the electrode lifting mechanism 3 includes: a ball screw slide 31, which is longitudinally arranged on the outside of the crucible reaction chamber 21; a clamping frame 32, which is laterally arranged on the working part of the ball screw slide 31, with its inner side forming a fixed side that is fitted with the outer shaft of the electrode 22; an abutment plate 33, which is slidably arranged in the clamping frame 32 to form a movable side opposite to the fixed side; a drive shaft 34, which is laterally slidably arranged in the clamping frame 32 and one end is connected to the abutment plate 33; a driven arm 35, which is rotatably arranged in the clamping frame 32, with a movable arm 36 hinged to one end of the drive shaft 34 at its top; and a cylinder 37, which is laterally arranged at the bottom end of the clamping frame 32, with its output rod hinged to the bottom end of the driven arm 35.

[0082] The ball screw slide 31 is arranged longitudinally on the outside of the crucible reaction chamber 21, providing a stable support platform. The ball screw can drive the smooth longitudinal sliding, thereby adjusting the position of the electrode lifting mechanism 3.

[0083] The clamping bracket 32 ​​is laterally positioned at the working part of the ball screw slide 31, and its inner side forms a side that engages and is fixed to the outer shaft of the electrode 22, ensuring that the electrode remains fixed during lifting and lowering. The abutment plate 33 is slidably disposed within the clamping bracket 32, forming a movable side opposite to the fixed side, providing stable support for the electrode.

[0084] The drive shaft 34 is slidably disposed in the clamping frame 32, with one end connected to the abutment plate 33, thereby driving the movement of the abutment plate 33 and fixing the electrode 22.

[0085] The boom 35 is rotatably mounted in the clamping frame 32, and its top end is hinged to one end of the drive shaft 34. Its position changes synchronously with the movement of the drive shaft 34, ensuring the precise adjustment of the abutment plate 33, thereby achieving stable electrode clamping.

[0086] The cylinder 37 is horizontally positioned at the bottom of the clamping frame 32, and the output rod is hinged to the bottom of the driven arm 35, providing an additional power source to drive the driven arm 35 to make adjustments and control the clamping force on the electrode 22.

[0087] This application provides a system for preparing metal oxide nanopowders. The preparation principle combines physical and chemical gas-phase synthesis techniques, belonging to a derivative variant of PVD and CVD. The system employs a single-electrode design, with the crucible in the reaction chamber serving as the other conductive electrode. The raw material is positioned between the two electrodes within the crucible. Upon contact electrification, the generated plasma arc energy field directly vaporizes the molten raw material (the raw material is melted by a furnace 6 connected to the crucible reaction chamber 21 and flows into the crucible reaction chamber 21 via a level controller). During this process, air enters the crucible reaction chamber 21 (e.g., air is drawn into the crucible reaction chamber 21). Figure 12 As shown, since the exhaust hood 8 is installed on the top of the crucible reaction chamber 6, and the bottom diameter of the exhaust hood 8 is smaller than the inner diameter of the crucible reaction chamber 6, an air intake channel is formed between the outer wall of the bottom end of the exhaust hood 8 and the inner wall of the crucible reaction chamber 6. When the pressure in the exhaust pipe 9 is lower than that of the external environment, air enters the crucible reaction chamber through the air intake channel and enters the exhaust pipe 9 along with the saturated metal vapor. The exhaust system extracts the saturated vapor and enters the cooling system, so that the oxygen in the air reacts with the saturated metal vapor during the cooling nucleation process to generate metal oxide nanopowder. The entire preparation system integrates powder preparation, sedimentation filtration, powder collection and environmental dust removal. Combined with an automated control system, it can monitor the magnitude of the arc voltage during the production process. By introducing an alternating magnetic controller 5, which is wrapped around the outside of the crucible reaction chamber 21, it controls the arc to protect the crucible while also stirring the raw materials in the crucible reaction chamber 21 through magnetic force. A rotating scraper 72 is installed to scrape off the agglomerated particles attached to the inner wall of the reaction chamber. The PLC automatically controls the electrodes to stabilize the arc, and the production process is continuous and uninterrupted. It is suitable for the large-scale industrial production of metal oxide nanopowders.

[0088] Utilizing the high-energy field ablation principle of plasma arc, the crucible reaction chamber 21 is energized as an electrode. Molten raw material flows into the crucible reaction chamber 21 through the external furnace 6. Above the reaction chamber is an exhaust hood 8. The electrode 22 is controlled by the servo motor 73 to enter the crucible reaction from the middle of the exhaust hood 8 from top to bottom. After contacting the metal raw material, it is energized. Then, according to the process requirements, the appropriate current and voltage are set, the magnetron 5 is turned on to keep the plasma arc stable, and the exhaust is turned on. The vaporized metal raw material is drawn into the cooling pipe through the exhaust hood 8 to nucleate and form metal oxide nanoparticles. After being cooled and filtered again by the sedimentation device 10, it enters two alternately operating powder collection systems.

[0089] The design of the dual-head exhaust hood 8 allows for more uniform airflow. The cooling pipes of the dual-head exhaust hood 8 are two independent pipes, which draw in cold air at a faster speed and with a larger air volume. The saturated steam drawn in has enough oxygen to react and generate oxides. The high-speed cold air ensures the cooling of the steam, and the resulting oxide nanoparticles will be more uniform, resulting in higher product quality.

[0090] The support scraper 72 is designed to be located on the top periphery of the crucible reaction chamber 21. A motor 73 drives the outer ring of the rotary support 71 to rotate. As the support rotates, the scraper 72 scrapes off the unoxidized raw material adhering to the inner wall of the crucible reaction chamber 21. With each rotation, the movable block 74 on the scraper 72 is pushed out to clean it, ensuring that raw material does not adhere to the inner wall of the crucible reaction chamber 21 or the scraper 72 during production. The support also stirs the raw material while driving the scraper 72 to rotate, resulting in more complete ablation.

[0091] The AC magnetron 5 contains three AC coils wound in a rectangular shape, each wrapping around one of the magnetron 5's iron cores to enhance the magnetic field. The magnetron 5 surrounds the crucible reaction chamber 21 in its center. When energized, an alternating magnetic field is generated in the center of the magnetron 5. Due to the presence of three AC coils in the magnetron 5's structure, this alternating magnetic field forms a rotating magnetic field in the center of the magnetron 5. The direction of the AC current continuously changes, and the direction of the magnetic field changes accordingly. The AC magnetron 5 has two applications:

[0092] 1. Effects on the plasma arc: The magnetron 5 elongates the arc, expanding the energy field generated by the plasma arc, increasing the contact area between the raw material and the plasma arc in the crucible reaction chamber 21, and accelerating the ablation of the raw material. While elongating the arc and expanding its energy field, the magnetron 5 also suppresses the diffusion of the plasma arc, confining it within the crucible reaction chamber 21 and minimizing its contact with the inner wall of the chamber, thus preventing contamination from ablation.

[0093] 2. Effect on raw materials in the reaction chamber: Magnetic metal raw materials will be affected by the force of the magnetic field. The magnetic field in the reaction chamber acts like a stirrer to stir the raw materials. The continuous change of the direction of the magnetic field can cause the raw materials to vibrate. The raw materials will not adhere to the inner wall of the crucible reaction chamber 21, which can prevent the raw materials in local areas from cooling and sticking due to contact with the crucible reaction chamber 21.

[0094] Electrode 22 needs to contact the raw material to generate electricity and release an electric arc. If a solid raw material is used, poor conductivity and arc interruption are likely to occur. Solid raw materials also have disadvantages such as a small contact area with the plasma arc, slow vaporization rate, and difficulty in controlling the inter-arc current and voltage. Therefore, molten liquid raw materials are used. The raw material is melted by an external furnace 6, and the liquid level controller in the furnace controls the liquid level of the raw material in the crucible reaction chamber 21. This makes the arc voltage between electrode 22 and the raw material easier to control, resulting in a more stable plasma arc, a faster ablation rate, and significantly improved product quality.

[0095] Electrode 22 typically requires a high current to generate a plasma arc that releases high temperatures, instantly vaporizing the raw material in contact with the high-temperature energy field. This ablation process not only vaporizes the raw material but also erodes and wears down electrode 22. The vaporized graphite powder, under conditions of sufficient oxygen and high temperature, generates carbon dioxide which is directly released. If the process conditions are properly controlled, carbon pollution will not occur.

[0096] During the discharge process when electrode 22 contacts the raw material, it needs to maintain a certain distance after contact charging to release the plasma arc and maintain a stable current and voltage to ensure stable discharge. Voltage monitoring is connected to the PCL, and the servo motor 73 is controlled according to the negative resistance characteristics of the voltage to adjust the distance between electrode 22 and the raw material liquid surface. The voltage of the plasma arc is precisely controlled throughout the process to ensure stable discharge and arc ignition between the electrode and the raw material.

[0097] After the nanoparticles are generated in the pipeline, they are drawn into the collection system. After being cooled again by the vortex settling device 10 and filtered to remove micron-sized particles, the nanoparticles enter the collection system and are collected by a dedicated filter. The collection system consists of two parts that operate alternately. While one part is ventilating to collect the powder, the other part starts backflushing according to a set time. This prevents the powder from cooling and accumulating, thus avoiding clogging the pipeline, and also prevents the powder from being blown out into the workshop environment due to excessive backflushing force.

[0098] The alternating collection system enables continuous production. When one collection system needs to stop collecting material, another collection system is started, and the shut-down collection system starts backflushing to unload material, thus alternating operation. This collection system greatly reduces the time that the device needs to stop operating during unloading, and is also the key to the entire system's ability to achieve continuous production.

[0099] First, turn on the magnetron 5, then turn on the exhaust fan and the water-cooled / air-cooled system supplied to the equipment, and check for leaks. Use the liquid level controller of the external furnace 6 to adjust the liquid level of the raw material in the crucible reaction chamber 21 to the process setting position. Then, use the control system to control the electrode 22 to descend. When it is about to approach the liquid surface, turn on the power connecting the electrode 22 and the crucible reaction chamber 21, and slowly control the electrode 22 to descend and contact the raw material to energize them. After energization, the automatic control system can be turned on. The system will automatically control the servo motor 73 to operate according to the measured voltage through the PLC program, driving the electrode 22 to move so that the distance between the electrode and the liquid surface is at the set voltage distance. The electric arc is lengthened by the magnetron 5, and the energy field of the plasma arc formed also expands with the lengthening of the arc, while also suppressing the arc from spreading, so that it always discharges with the raw material within the reaction chamber to generate a plasma arc. The exhaust and collection system operates by drawing in exhaust ducts. Nine ducts connect to the exhaust hood 8 above the reaction chamber, drawing evaporated raw material vapors and cool ambient air from the hood 8 into the ducts. The raw material vapors and oxygen react and cool in the ducts to form oxides, which are then collected in a dedicated collection device. The remaining waste gas is treated by the dust removal system. Two devices operate alternately during system operation to ensure continuous production and improve product quality.

[0100] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system, characterized in that, The system includes a single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism, a product collection system, and a ventilation mechanism for guiding gas flow from the single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism to the product collection system. The single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism includes: The crucible reaction chamber contains molten metal raw materials and serves as a conductive electrode. A magnetron, arranged around the outside of the crucible reaction chamber, is used to generate a rotating alternating magnetic field; The electrode lifting mechanism is located outside the crucible reaction chamber; The electrode is mounted on the electrode lifting mechanism and its bottom end extends into the crucible reaction chamber. The electrode lifting mechanism drives the electrode to contact the molten metal raw material to form an electric arc, and then adjusts the distance between the electrode and the liquid surface in real time based on the negative resistance characteristic of the electric arc voltage. The magnetic controller simultaneously elongates the electric arc to form a plasma energy field and confines it to the central area of ​​the reaction chamber, and rotates and stirs the molten raw material through the magnetic field. The vapor of the molten raw material reacts with the cold air drawn in by the exhaust mechanism in the pipeline to generate nano-oxides, which are collected by the product collection system.

2. The hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a settling device installed between the single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism and the product collection system. The exhaust mechanism includes a dual-channel cooling pipe that connects the single-electrode electric arc furnace mechanism and the settling device. The nano-oxides generated by the reaction of molten raw material vapor in the dual-channel cooling pipe are cooled and filtered by the settling device and then enter the product collection system for collection.

3. The hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an external furnace connected to the crucible reaction chamber. The external furnace is equipped with a level controller, which dynamically maintains the liquid level of the molten raw material in the crucible reaction chamber by controlling the raw material supply of the external furnace.

4. The hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The product collection system includes two exhaust collection devices connected to the settling device. An electric butterfly valve is installed between the exhaust collection device and the settling device. When one of the exhaust collection devices is activated to collect nano-oxides, the other exhaust collection device is activated to backflushing and unload the material.

5. A hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It also includes a crucible inner wall cleaning mechanism, which includes, A slewing bearing, located on the outer top of the crucible reaction chamber, has an outer ring capable of rotating relative to the crucible reaction chamber; The scraper is connected to the outer ring of the slewing bearing and is fitted with a clearance between the scraper and the inner wall of the crucible reaction chamber. The motor is fixedly installed on the outside of the crucible reaction chamber, and its output shaft is equipped with a drive gear that meshes with the outer ring of the slewing bearing.

6. The hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The crucible inner wall cleaning mechanism also includes, The movable block is slidably mounted on the scraper along its length. A sliding drive assembly is mounted on the outer ring of the slewing bearing and is connected to the moving block for driving the moving block to move along the length of the scraper.

7. The hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sliding drive component includes; The support is arranged radially on the outer ring of the slewing bearing, and a fixed column is provided on it. The drive arm is rotatably connected to the top of the fixed column at its middle position. The sliding block is slidably mounted on the support in the vertical direction; The first link has its two ends hinged to the sliding block and one end of the drive arm, respectively. The second link is hinged at both ends to the sliding block and the movable block, respectively. The guide plate is fixedly installed outside the crucible reaction chamber, and its top end is provided with a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface that can slide and engage with the sliding arm.

8. The hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sliding drive component also includes; A sliding plate is slidably disposed on one side of the support in a vertical direction. The bottom end of the sliding plate is provided with a lower rotating shaft that slides and engages with the top end of the guide plate, and the top end of the sliding plate is provided with an upper rotating shaft that slides and engages with the bottom end of the drive arm.

9. The hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sliding drive assembly also includes a scraper, which is rotatably mounted on the movable block.

10. A hybrid magnetron plasma arc nano-oxidation powder preparation system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The electrode lifting mechanism includes, The ball screw slide is longitudinally positioned on the outside of the crucible reaction chamber; The clamping bracket is horizontally positioned in the working area of ​​the ball screw slide, and its inner side forms a side that is fitted and fixed to the outer shaft of the electrode. The abutment plate is slidably disposed in the clamping frame to form a movable side opposite to the fixed side; The drive shaft is laterally slidably mounted in the clamp and one end is connected to the abutment plate; The driven arm is rotatably mounted in the clamping frame, and its top end is provided with a movable arm that is hinged to one end of the drive shaft. The cylinder is horizontally positioned at the bottom of the clamping frame, and its output rod is hinged to the bottom of the driven arm.

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