Construction method of cluster type irregularly distributed special-shaped skylight

Abstract

The application discloses a construction method of a cluster type irregularly distributed special-shaped skylight, and is used for pouring of the cluster type irregular skylight. The construction of the cluster type special-shaped skylight is realized through steps of determining planning, prefabricating and erecting a template, pouring concrete, and hoisting a skylight keel and skylight glass. The application adjusts the skylight modeling and roof beam distribution comprehensively, guarantees the safety and stability of the building structure while guaranteeing the skylight lighting effect and beautiful modeling, and avoids a large increase of the building cost. The window edge beam and the roof beam are connected into one through design and improvement of the construction process, the integrality and stability of the building structure are improved, the structural safety of the roof is guaranteed, and cracking and deformation of the roof caused by stress are avoided, so that the building lighting demand is met, and the advantages of structural safety and beautiful modeling are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of skylight construction technology, specifically to a construction method for irregularly distributed, clustered, irregularly shaped skylights. Background Technology

[0002] With advancements in architectural design and increasing demand for natural lighting, more and more buildings are incorporating skylights. Skylights not only ensure excellent indoor lighting but also serve as an integral part of the building structure, effectively enhancing its aesthetics. Conventional skylights are typically installed individually or in multiple regularly spaced configurations. Multiple regularly spaced skylights are still equivalent to individual skylights, having minimal impact on the building structure and being relatively simple to design and construct. However, to achieve even better lighting and further enhance aesthetics, some buildings feature multiple irregularly shaped skylights forming a cluster. This design significantly increases construction difficulty, especially since irregularly shaped skylights have a greater impact on the building structure. Optimization of the building structure and improvements to construction techniques are necessary to ensure structural stability and safety, while also guaranteeing the quality and final appearance of the skylights. Conventional skylight construction techniques cannot meet these requirements. This invention provides a construction method for clustered, irregularly distributed irregularly shaped skylights to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a construction method for irregularly distributed, clustered skylights, enabling the pouring of irregularly distributed, clustered skylights while ensuring the stability and safety of the building structure, as well as the pouring quality and construction efficiency of the skylights.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0005] A construction method for irregularly distributed, clustered skylights includes the following steps:

[0006] S1, Determine the plan: Determine the relevant parameters of the skylights and roof beams, and prepare construction drawings;

[0007] The skylight includes a window opening and a window edge beam. The window edge beam is higher than the roof surface and is supported on the roof beam. The roof beam includes a main beam and a secondary beam, with the secondary beam positioned between the main beams.

[0008] Skylight parameters include quantity, shape, and location; roof beam parameters include quantity, specifications, and location.

[0009] S2, Prefabrication of formwork: Prefabrication of skylight formwork and roof formwork, and transport them together to the construction site;

[0010] S3, Formwork erection: First, erect the roof formwork, lay the roof steel reinforcement cage and window beam steel reinforcement cage, and connect the window beam steel reinforcement cage with the roof steel reinforcement cage. Then, mark the positioning on the roof formwork and erect the skylight formwork.

[0011] S4, Concrete pouring: Two pours are made, first the roof, then the window beams.

[0012] S5, Sunroof keel installation: Install the adapter and sunroof keel on the window side beam;

[0013] S6, Skylight Installation: The prefabricated skylight is transported to the construction site, lifted and connected to the skylight frame, and then the joint is sealed to complete the installation.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S1, the steps for determining the relevant parameters of the skylight and roof beams are as follows:

[0015] S11, Determine the number of skylights, and determine the approximate location and shape of each skylight based on lighting and structural safety;

[0016] S12. When setting the roof beams, it is necessary to ensure that the window edge beams of each skylight have at least three points that overlap vertically on the roof beams, and the included angle between adjacent points is no greater than 180°.

[0017] The number of roof beams is determined based on the rough parameters of the skylight, and the rough location and rough specifications of each roof beam are determined.

[0018] S13. After the roof beams are roughly set, the structure and stress of the roof beams are calculated and verified. Then, the number of roof beams is increased or decreased, and the position and specifications of the roof beams are fine-tuned to obtain the precise position and specifications of the roof beams. Then, the position and shape of the skylights are fine-tuned according to the precise parameters of the roof beams to obtain the precise position and shape of the skylights.

[0019] S14, which generates construction drawings from the precise parameters of the skylights and roof beams.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S2, the skylight template includes a casting template and a support template. The casting template is used to form the window edge beam, and the support template is set in the window opening, has the same shape as the window opening, and is used to form the window opening and support the casting template.

[0021] Furthermore, the casting template includes an inner template, an outer template, and a tie rod assembly. The inner template and the outer template are connected by the tie rod assembly, and both the inner template and the outer template are composed of template units.

[0022] Furthermore, the template unit includes an arc-shaped template, conformal back ribs, and seam backing keels. The conformal back ribs are spaced apart on the outside of the arc-shaped template, and the seam backing keels are located at the ends of the arc-shaped template. Adjacent template units are connected to each other through the seam backing keels.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S3, the roof reinforcement cage includes the top slab reinforcement cage and the roof beam reinforcement cage. When binding the reinforcement cage, the window side beam reinforcement cage is connected to the top slab reinforcement cage, and a vertical connecting cage is set at the overlap point of the window side beam and the roof beam to connect the window side beam reinforcement cage to the roof beam reinforcement cage.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S3, when tying the reinforcing steel cage, pre-embedded support components are installed on the reinforcing steel cage.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S4, the roof is poured first, and after the concrete has initially set, the window beams are poured. When pouring the window beams, the bottom of them is vibrated to mix the later-poured concrete with the earlier-poured concrete.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S5, the adapter is first installed on the pre-embedded support, and then the sunroof keel is installed on the adapter;

[0027] The sunroof frame includes a mounting frame and a decorative frame. The mounting frame is used to support the sunroof glass, and the decorative frame is located on the outer periphery of the sunroof glass.

[0028] Furthermore, the main beam includes a structural main beam and a connecting main beam, with the connecting main beam located between the structural main beams and the secondary beam located between the connecting main beams.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0030] The skylight design and roof beam distribution were comprehensively adjusted to ensure the lighting effect and beautiful appearance of the skylights while ensuring the safety and stability of the building structure and avoiding a significant increase in construction costs. The window beams and roof beams were integrated to improve the integrity and stability of the building structure, ensure the structural safety of the roof, and prevent the roof from cracking and deforming due to stress.

[0031] The window beams and roof were cast in one piece, ensuring the integrity of the roof and improving both the stability of the building structure and the quality and efficiency of construction. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the skylight and roof beams according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the skylight template of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the template unit connection structure of the skylight template of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the template unit connection structure of the skylight template of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sunroof frame connection structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation keel arrangement of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the embedded parts of the present invention.

[0039] Attached reference numerals: 1. Window edge beam; 2. Roof beam; 21. Main beam; 211. Structural main beam; 212. Connecting main beam; 22. Secondary beam; 3. Skylight formwork; 31. Casting formwork; 311. Tie rod assembly; 312. Curved formwork; 313. Conformal back rib; 314. Joint backing keel; 32. Support formwork; 4. Embedded support component; 5. Adapter component; 6. Skylight keel; 61. Installation keel; 62. Decorative keel. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, a specific embodiment of the present invention is a production command center building in a certain location. Eleven irregularly shaped skylights are installed on the roof of its central hall. The roof structure elevation is 13.570m, the net height of the central hall is 12.170m, and the roof area of ​​the central hall is 970㎡, of which the skylight area is 235.6㎡. The skylight lighting area accounts for 24.28% of the roof area. Among the eleven skylights, the largest single skylight has an area of ​​36.80㎡, and the smallest single skylight has an area of ​​9.50㎡. The skylights are elliptical and irregularly teardrop-shaped, and each skylight has a different design. Each skylight consists of a window opening and a window side beam 1, which is an arc-shaped beam with a cross-sectional dimension of 250*720mm. Because there are many skylights and they are irregularly distributed irregular structures, and the area of ​​the skylights is relatively large, it is necessary to redesign the roof structure and skylights, and adopt suitable construction methods to achieve the goals of roof structure safety, good building structure stability and consistency, beautiful skylight shape, low construction cost, good construction quality and high efficiency. The construction method of the present invention is used to achieve the above objectives.

[0043] A construction method for irregularly distributed, clustered skylights includes the following steps.

[0044] S1, Determine the plan: Determine the relevant parameters of the skylights and roof beams 2. The skylight parameters include the number, shape and distribution location. The roof beam 2 parameters include the number, specifications and installation location. And form construction drawings.

[0045] Due to the large number and varied shapes of skylights, which constitute a significant portion of the building's structure, their presence can impact the roof's structural integrity. This can affect the roof's safety and stability, and the irregular shapes of the skylights can lead to deformation, settlement, and cracking. Therefore, a comprehensive adjustment of the skylights and roof structure is necessary to ensure that the final structure meets both the requirements for natural lighting and aesthetic appeal while maintaining structural safety. This adjustment requires determining the skylights' location and shape parameters. While these parameters influence natural lighting, they also affect the building's structure. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the structure by adding roof beam 2 and adjusting its position to balance both lighting and structural safety. The specific steps for determining the relevant parameters of the skylights and roof beam 2 are as follows:

[0046] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in S11, the number of skylights is determined. The number of skylights is determined during the design phase, and there are 11 skylights. However, the specific location and shape can be fine-tuned according to the building structure. Therefore, the approximate location and shape of each skylight are determined based on lighting and structural safety. The approximate parameters of the roof beam 2 are then determined using the approximate parameters of the skylights.

[0047] S12, When setting the roof beam 2, it is necessary to ensure that the window side beam 1 of each skylight has at least three points overlapping and supported on the roof beam 2. That is, the window side beam 1 of each skylight has at least three points overlapping and supported on the roof beam 2, and the roof beam 2 supports the window side beam 1. The included angle between adjacent points is no more than 180°. The above arrangement ensures that the roof structure will not crack, deform or settle due to the setting of the skylight.

[0048] The number of roof beams 2 is determined based on the rough parameters of the skylight, and the rough location and rough specifications of each roof beam 2 are determined.

[0049] S13. After the roof beam 2 is roughly set, the structure and stress of the roof beam 2 are calculated and verified. Then, the number of roof beam 2 is increased or decreased, and the position and specifications of the roof beam 2 are fine-tuned to obtain the precise position and specifications of the roof beam 2. Then, based on the precise parameters of the roof beam 2, the position and shape of the skylight are fine-tuned to obtain the precise position and shape of the skylight. At this time, the position and shape of the skylight meet the lighting requirements and will not affect the roof structure.

[0050] S14, the precise parameters of the skylight and roof beam 2 are converted into construction drawings.

[0051] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown in Figure 4, S2, prefabrication of formwork: prefabrication of skylight formwork 3 and roof formwork, and transport them together to the construction site.

[0052] Because the skylights are curved and have complex parameters, and each skylight has a different size and shape, if traditional soft formwork is used for construction, the soft formwork reinforcement system has the following drawbacks: inaccurate skylight structure positioning, long formwork erection period, low efficiency, poor reinforcement stability, risk of concrete leakage, and the curved shape is prone to deformation, uneven appearance, and sharp corners that result in poor visual appeal.

[0053] Therefore, this embodiment adopts a standardized multi-layer film-coated template structure, which makes the positioning and curvature of the cast-in-place structure more precise and improves construction efficiency. It has the advantages of beautiful forming and smooth and coordinated curvature. The skylight template 3 includes a casting template 31 and a supporting template 32. The casting template 31 is used to form the window edge beam 1, and the supporting template 32 is set in the window opening, has the same shape as the window opening, is used for the forming of the window opening, and is set inside the casting template 31 to support the casting template 31.

[0054] Furthermore, the casting template 31 includes an inner template, an outer template, and a tie rod assembly 311. The inner template and the outer template are connected by the tie rod assembly 311 and are used to form the window edge beam 1. Both the inner template and the outer template are composed of template units.

[0055] Furthermore, the template unit includes an arc-shaped template 312, a conformal back rib 313, and a seam backing keel 314. The conformal back ribs 313 are spaced apart on the outside of the arc-shaped template 312 to support the arc-shaped template 312 and maintain its corresponding irregular shape. The seam backing keel 314 is located at the end of the arc-shaped template 312 to connect adjacent template units. Adjacent template units are connected to each other through the seam backing keel 314.

[0056] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown, further, the arc-shaped template 312 is a 14mm thick film-coated multilayer board; the conformal back rib 313 is made of double-layer 15mm thick template carved according to the curvature of the skylight, and is set on the back side of the arc-shaped template 312 to restrict the shape of the arc-shaped template 312 to the corresponding arc shape; the splice backing keel 314 is a 40*40mm square timber, and adjacent splice backing keels 314 are connected to each other by bolts; the tie rod assembly 311 is fixed by Φ14 water-stop bolts, there are two tie bolts in total, with a spacing of 550mm, the water-stop plate of the lower bolt is 80*80mm, and the tie keel is reinforced by 3.0 double steel pipes with a spacing of ≤500mm.

[0057] S3, Formwork Erection: First, erect the roof formwork, lay the roof reinforcement cage and the window beam 1 reinforcement cage, and connect the window beam 1 reinforcement cage to the roof reinforcement cage. Then, mark the positioning lines on the roof formwork and erect the skylight formwork 3. Since each skylight's window beam 1 has at least three overlapping points on the roof beam 2, it is necessary to connect the overlapping points of window beam 1 and roof beam 2 to integrate them into a whole, improving the integrity and stability of the roof structure.

[0058] Furthermore, in step S3, the roof reinforcement cage includes the top slab reinforcement cage and the roof beam 2 reinforcement cage. When binding the reinforcement cage, the window side beam 1 reinforcement cage is connected to the top slab reinforcement cage to achieve the connection between the window side beam 1 and the roof structure. A vertical connecting cage is set at the overlap point of the window side beam 1 and the roof beam 2. The vertical connecting cage is used to connect the reinforcement cage of the window side beam 1 and the reinforcement cage of the roof beam 2 to achieve the connection between the window side beam 1 and the roof beam 2.

[0059] S4, Concrete pouring: Two pours are made, first the roof, then the window beam 1.

[0060] Furthermore, in step S4, since the roof structure and window beam 1 are an integral structure, they need to be poured simultaneously. However, since the height of window beam 1 is higher than that of the roof structure, it is not possible to pour the roof structure and window beam 1 at the same time. Therefore, the synchronous pouring method can only be adopted. The synchronous pouring is achieved by pouring the concrete in two consecutive stages. When pouring, the roof is poured first. After the roof concrete has initially set and is no longer flowing, the window beam 1 is poured. When pouring the window beam 1, its bottom is vibrated to mix the later poured concrete with the earlier poured concrete to form an integral whole.

[0061] S5, installation of sunroof keel 6: Install the adapter 5 and sunroof keel 6 on the window side beam 1.

[0062] like Figure 5 , 6 As shown, further, in step S5, the adapter 5 is first installed on the pre-embedded support 4, and then the skylight keel 6 is installed on the adapter 5; the skylight keel 6 includes a mounting keel 61 and a decorative keel 62, wherein the mounting keel 61 is a 245*100*8mm steel keel used to support the skylight glass, and the decorative keel 62 is located on the outer periphery of the skylight glass and is used to install decorative parts and waterproof and heat-insulating structures.

[0063] Furthermore, the adapter 5 is a 250*100*8mm steel frame, the shape of which is the same as that of the window side beam 1. The adapter 5 is connected to the pre-embedded support 4 through a vertical support and is located on the top surface of the window side beam 1. The mounting keel 61 is installed on the inside of the adapter 5 through a pin and together with the adapter 5, it supports the skylight glass. The decorative keel 62 is installed on the pre-embedded support 4 and is set on the outer periphery of the skylight glass, serving as a decorative element.

[0064] like Figure 6 As shown, the mounting keel 61 further forms a frame structure to support the sunroof glass, and the mounting keel 61 forms a triangular grid to support the sunroof glass.

[0065] S6, Sunroof Installation: The prefabricated sunroof glass is transported to the construction site as a whole, the sunroof glass is lifted and connected with the sunroof frame 6, and then the joint is sealed to complete the installation.

[0066] Furthermore, after the sunroof glass is installed, a sealing strip is installed between the sunroof glass and the keel for flexible connection, and the joint is sealed.

[0067] Furthermore, the skylight includes a window opening and a window edge beam 1. The window edge beam 1 is higher than the roof surface and is supported on the roof beam 2. The roof beam 2 includes a main beam 21 and a secondary beam 22. The secondary beam 22 is arranged between the main beams 21. The main beam 21 includes a structural main beam 211 and a connecting main beam 212. The connecting main beam 212 is arranged between the structural main beams 211, and the secondary beam 22 is arranged between the connecting main beams 212.

[0068] Furthermore, in step S3, when tying the reinforcing steel cage, the pre-embedded support 4 is installed on the reinforcing steel cage.

[0069] like Figure 5 , 7 As shown, the pre-embedded support 4 adopts an L-shaped structure or a combination of two square plates. The pre-embedded support 4 is pre-embedded in the window side beam 1 by anchor rods. When the L-shaped structure is adopted, one side is set facing upward for the installation of the adapter 5, and the other side is set facing the outside of the window side beam 1 for the installation of the decorative keel 62. When the two square plates are combined for installation, the two square plates are set facing upward and outward of the window side beam 1, respectively.

[0070] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A construction method for irregularly distributed, clustered skylights of various shapes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Determine the plan: Determine the relevant parameters of the skylight and roof beam (2) and form construction drawings; The skylight includes a window opening and a window side beam (1). The window side beam (1) is higher than the roof surface and is supported on the roof beam (2). The roof beam (2) includes a main beam (21) and a secondary beam (22). The secondary beam (22) is located between the main beams (21). Skylight parameters include quantity, shape and distribution location; roof beam (2) parameters include quantity, specifications and installation location. S2, Prefabrication of formwork: Prefabricate the skylight formwork (3) and roof formwork, and transport them together to the construction site; S3, Formwork erection: First, erect the roof formwork, lay the roof steel reinforcement skeleton and window side beam (1) steel reinforcement skeleton, connect the window side beam (1) steel reinforcement skeleton with the roof steel reinforcement skeleton, then mark the position on the roof formwork, and erect the skylight formwork (3). S4, Concrete pouring: Two pours are carried out, first the roof is poured, and then the window beam (1) is poured; S5, installation of skylight keel: install the adapter (5) and skylight keel (6) on the window side beam (1); S6, Skylight hoisting: The prefabricated skylight is transported to the construction site as a whole, the skylight is hoisted and connected with the skylight keel (6), and then the joint is sealed to complete the installation; In step S1, the steps for determining the relevant parameters of the skylight and roof beam (2) are as follows: S11, Determine the number of skylights, and determine the approximate location and shape of each skylight based on lighting and structural safety; S12, When setting the roof beam (2), it is necessary to ensure that the window side beam (1) of each skylight has at least three points that overlap vertically on the roof beam (2), and the included angle between adjacent points is no greater than 180°. The number of roof beams (2) is determined based on the rough parameters of the skylight, and the rough position and rough specifications of each roof beam (2) are determined. S13, After the roof beam (2) is roughly set, the structure and stress of the roof beam (2) are calculated and verified. Then the number of roof beams (2) is increased or decreased, and the position and specifications of the roof beams (2) are finely adjusted to obtain the precise position and precise specifications of the roof beams (2). Then the position and shape of the skylight are finely adjusted according to the precise parameters of the roof beams (2) to obtain the precise position and precise shape of the skylight. S14, the precise parameters of the skylight and roof beam (2) are used to form the construction drawings; In step S3, the roof steel reinforcement cage includes the top slab steel reinforcement cage and the roof beam (2) steel reinforcement cage. When binding the steel reinforcement cage, the window side beam (1) steel reinforcement cage is connected to the top slab steel reinforcement cage, and a vertical connecting cage is set at the overlapping point of the window side beam (1) and the roof beam (2) to connect the window side beam (1) steel reinforcement cage to the roof beam (2) steel reinforcement cage. In step S4, the roof is poured first. After the concrete has initially set, the window side beam (1) is poured. When pouring the window side beam (1), the bottom of it is vibrated to mix the later-poured concrete with the earlier-poured concrete.

2. The construction method for a clustered, irregularly distributed, irregularly shaped skylight according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the skylight template (3) includes a casting template (31) and a support template (32). The casting template (31) is used to form the window side beam (1). The support template (32) is set in the window opening and has the same shape as the window opening. It is used to form the window opening and support the casting template (31).

3. The construction method for a clustered, irregularly distributed, irregularly shaped skylight according to claim 2, characterized in that: The casting template (31) includes an inner template, an outer template and a tie rod assembly (311). The inner template and the outer template are connected by the tie rod assembly (311). Both the inner template and the outer template are composed of template units.

4. The construction method for a clustered, irregularly distributed, irregularly shaped skylight according to claim 3, characterized in that: The template unit includes an arc-shaped template (312), a conformal back rib (313), and a seam backing keel (314). The conformal back rib (313) is spaced apart on the outside of the arc-shaped template (312), and the seam backing keel (314) is located at the end of the arc-shaped template (312). Adjacent template units are connected to each other through the seam backing keel (314).

5. The construction method for a clustered, irregularly distributed, irregularly shaped skylight according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, when tying the steel reinforcement cage, the pre-embedded support component (4) is installed on the steel reinforcement cage.

6. The construction method for a clustered, irregularly distributed, irregularly shaped skylight according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S5, the adapter (5) is first installed on the pre-embedded support (4), and then the skylight keel (6) is installed on the adapter (5); The sunroof keel (6) includes a mounting keel (61) and a decorative keel (62), wherein the mounting keel (61) is used to support the sunroof glass and the decorative keel (62) is located on the outer periphery of the sunroof glass.

7. The construction method for a clustered, irregularly distributed, irregularly shaped skylight according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main beam (21) includes a structural main beam (211) and a connecting main beam (212), the connecting main beam (212) being located between the structural main beams (211), and the secondary beam (22) being located between the connecting main beams (212).

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