An electron microscope-telescope integrated device

Abstract

The application relates to an electron microscope-telescope integrated device, which is realized through an L-shaped frame and a first hinged shaft to realize 180-degree overturning of a base, and is combined with a circular ring and a transmission device to drive a sample table to rotate, can be stably switched in two modes, and improves the integrity and stability of different scenes; in the first mode, the base is directly below a stand, and the sample table is on the front side, which is suitable for microscopic observation; in the second mode, the base is turned to the rear side of the stand, and the sample table is on the left side, does not shield an observation unit, the base supports the stand, the sample table can be used as a mobile phone support to adapt to a telescope, optimizes space layout, realizes one object with two uses, avoids resource waste, and retains the core advantages of the microscope-telescope integration, so that users do not need to purchase devices respectively, economic cost is reduced, meanwhile, through structural improvement, the practicability and adaptability of the device are enhanced, and the needs of user groups such as primary and secondary school students can be better met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical observation instruments, and in particular to an integrated electron microscope and telescope device. Background Technology

[0002] Microscopes and telescopes are both very common optical observation instruments, and they have traditionally been manufactured separately. Users who need both of these instruments have to spend money on both, which is a huge financial burden for primary and secondary school students who have natural science experiment courses.

[0003] Therefore, to address this issue, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN207764469U discloses a microscope device that can be used as a telescope. This device integrates a microscope and a telescope based on their shared optical principles, allowing users to easily combine or disassemble them to choose between using either the microscope or the telescope. This patented structure achieves a convertible microscope device, converting it by removing the microscope or telescope unit from the lens mount to use as a telescope, or by rotating the extension arm to change the optical axis. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of overall device integrity, spatial adaptability, and ease of operation. For example, the device's stability during conversion is insufficient, and the fixed stage position is easily limited by space constraints. Therefore, further structural optimization is necessary. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes an integrated electron microscope and telescope device.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] An integrated electron microscope and telescope device includes a base, a column, a stage, and a microscope or telescope unit. An upwardly extending L-shaped frame is provided on the rear side of the base. The upper end of the L-shaped frame is provided with a first hinge shaft, which is rotatably hinged to the rear side of the lower end of the column. A ring is provided on the rear side of the stage, and the ring is coaxially and rotatably sleeved on the column. A sliding adjustment component is provided on the front side of the column and above the stage, and the microscope or telescope unit is disposed on the sliding adjustment component. A transmission device is provided inside the column. The base can switch between a first mode and a second mode by rotating the first hinge shaft.

[0007] In the first configuration, the base is located directly below the column, and the ring is driven to rotate by a transmission device, so that its platform is located in front of the column.

[0008] In the second configuration, the base is flipped 180° to the rear of the column, and the ring is driven to rotate by a transmission device, so that its platform is located on the left side of the column.

[0009] In some embodiments, an annular track is provided on the outer wall of the column, the ring is rotatably disposed within the annular track, a seat is provided on the end face of the platform, and clamping springs are spaced apart on the left and right sides of the front side of the seat.

[0010] In some embodiments, the base can be mounted vertically on the platform, and locking bolts are threadedly connected to both sides of the platform, with one end of the locking bolts abutting against the base.

[0011] In some embodiments, a mobile phone holder is slidably mounted on the left side of the platform.

[0012] In some embodiments, the transmission device includes a lifting plate that slides up and down within the column, a first rack and a cylinder are provided on the lifting plate, a first gear that can mesh with the first rack is provided on the first hinge shaft, the cylinder is coaxially arranged with the column, and a spiral groove is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder, an arc-shaped clearance groove is provided on the inner wall of the annular track, and a guide crossbar is provided on the inner side of the annular track, one end of the guide crossbar passing through the arc-shaped clearance groove and located within the spiral groove.

[0013] In some embodiments, an auxiliary support foot is provided on the rear side of the upper end of the column via a second hinge shaft, a second gear is provided on the second hinge shaft, and a second rack that meshes with the second gear is also provided on the lifting plate.

[0014] In some embodiments, a telescopic leg is provided at the end of the auxiliary leg away from the second hinge axis, a positioning pin is movably inserted on the outside of the auxiliary leg, and a plurality of positioning holes for the positioning pin to be inserted are provided at intervals on the telescopic leg.

[0015] In some embodiments, a locking rod is movably inserted into the rear side of the column, and the lifting plate is provided with a first locking hole and a second locking hole spaced apart vertically. When the locking rod is inserted into the second locking hole, the base remains in the first form, and when the locking rod is inserted into the first locking hole, the base remains in the second form.

[0016] In some embodiments, a mounting slot is provided at the bottom of the column, and a projection device is installed in the mounting slot.

[0017] In some embodiments, the sliding adjustment assembly includes a sliding seat that slides up and down, a rotating shaft rotatably mounted inside the column, a third gear and a brake disc being provided at the inner end of the rotating shaft, a first knob being provided at the outer end of the rotating shaft extending out of the column, a third rack being provided on the sliding seat that can mesh with the third gear, a screw being threadedly connected to the other side of the column, a rubber pad for pressing against the brake disc being provided at one end of the screw, and a second knob being provided at the other end of the screw extending out of the column.

[0018] 1. The device achieves 180° tilting of the base through an L-shaped frame and a first hinge shaft. Combined with a ring and transmission device, it drives the platform to rotate, enabling the device to stably switch between two modes and improving the overall integrity and stability of the device in different usage scenarios.

[0019] 2. In the first configuration, the base is located directly below the column, and the stage is in front of the column, suitable for microscope observation. In the second configuration, the base flips to the rear of the column, and the stage is on the left side of the column. This ensures that the stage does not obstruct the microscope or telescope unit. Furthermore, the base supports the column, and the stage can be used as a mobile phone stand, compatible with the telescope. This optimizes the spatial layout and solves the problem of unreasonable space occupation when switching between traditional devices. Thus, the stage is used to place observation samples in microscope mode and transforms into a mobile phone stand in telescope mode, serving two purposes in one device. This makes full use of the equipment components, avoids resource waste, and allows the equipment to play a greater role in different usage scenarios, enhancing its appeal to users.

[0020] 3. By driving the base and the ring simultaneously through a transmission device, the base can switch between the first and second forms, and the stage can rotate synchronously with the ring, making the conversion between microscope and telescope usage modes more convenient and efficient. This linkage design eliminates the need for separate manual operation of the base and stage, reducing operation steps, improving conversion efficiency, and ensuring the stability of the various components of the equipment during the conversion process. Compared with the traditional structure that requires manual adjustment, it is more adaptable to the needs of quickly switching usage scenarios, further optimizing the user experience of the equipment that combines microscope and telescope functions.

[0021] 4. It retains the core advantage of integrating microscopy and telescope, eliminating the need for users to purchase separate equipment, thus reducing economic costs. At the same time, structural improvements enhance the practicality and adaptability of the equipment, making it better suited to the needs of users such as primary and secondary school students. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention in microscope form.

[0023] Figure 2This is a side view of the structure of the present invention in microscope form.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention in microscope mode.

[0025] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged diagram of point A.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the stage of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention in telescope form.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention in telescope form. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following detailed description provides various embodiments or examples for carrying out the present invention. Of course, these are merely embodiments or examples and are not intended to be limiting. Additionally, repeated reference numerals, such as repeated numbers and / or letters, may be used in different embodiments. These repetitions are for the purpose of simple and clear description of the invention and do not represent a specific relationship between the different embodiments and / or structures discussed.

[0031] like Figures 1-8 An integrated electron microscope and telescope device is shown, comprising a base 1, a column 2, a stage 3, and a microscope or telescope unit 4. An upwardly extending L-shaped frame 5 is provided on the rear side of the base 1, and a first hinge shaft 6 is provided at the upper end of the L-shaped frame 5. The first hinge shaft 6 is rotatably hinged to the rear side of the lower end of the column 2. A ring 7 is provided on the rear side of the stage 3, and the ring 7 is coaxially rotatably sleeved on the column 2. A sliding adjustment component is provided on the front side of the column 2 and above the stage 3. The microscope or telescope unit 4 is provided on the sliding adjustment component. A transmission device is provided inside the column 2. The base 1 can switch between a first mode and a second mode by rotating the first hinge shaft 6.

[0032] In the first configuration, the base 1 is located directly below the column 2, and the ring 7 is driven to rotate by the transmission device, so that its platform 3 is located in front of the column 2.

[0033] In the second configuration, the base is flipped 180° to the rear of the column 2, and the ring 7 is driven to rotate by the transmission device, so that its platform 3 is located on the left side of the column 2.

[0034] According to the above structure, the device achieves 180° rotation of the base 1 through the L-shaped frame 5 and the first hinge shaft 6, and drives the platform 3 to rotate in combination with the ring 7 and the transmission device, so that the device can stably switch between the two modes, improving the overall integrity and stability of the device in different usage scenarios.

[0035] First form (such as) Figure 1 , 2 The lower base 1 is located directly below the column 2, and the stage 3 is in front of the column 2, which is suitable for microscope observation.

[0036] Second form (such as) Figure 7 , 8 The lower base 1 is flipped to the rear of the column 2 and the stage 3 is on the left side of the column 2, so that the stage 3 will not block the microscope or telescope unit 4. Moreover, the base 1 is used to support the column 2, and the stage 3 can be used as a mobile phone stand at this time, which is compatible with the telescope. This optimizes the space layout and solves the problem of unreasonable space occupation when switching traditional equipment.

[0037] Thus, the stage 3 is used to place observation samples in microscope mode and transforms into a mobile phone holder in telescope mode, serving two purposes in one device. This makes full use of the equipment components, avoids resource waste, and allows the equipment to play a greater role in different usage scenarios, thereby enhancing its appeal to users.

[0038] In addition, by driving the base 1 and the ring 7 simultaneously through the transmission device, the base 1 can switch between the first and second forms, and the stage 3 can rotate synchronously with the ring 7, making the conversion between the two usage states of the device as a microscope and a telescope more convenient and efficient. This linkage design eliminates the need for separate manual operation of the base 1 and the stage 3, reducing operation steps, improving conversion efficiency, and ensuring the stability of the cooperation of various components of the device during the conversion process. Compared with the traditional structure that requires manual adjustment, it is more adaptable to the needs of quickly switching usage scenarios, and further optimizes the user experience of the device that combines the functions of a microscope and a telescope.

[0039] This device retains the core advantage of integrating microscopy and telescope, eliminating the need for users to purchase separate equipment and reducing economic costs. At the same time, structural improvements have enhanced the device's practicality and adaptability, making it better suited to the needs of users such as primary and secondary school students.

[0040] See Figures 1-4 As shown, an annular track 21 is provided on the outer wall of the column 2, and the ring 7 is rotatably disposed in the annular track 21. A seat 22 is provided on the end face of the platform 3, and clamping spring pieces 23 are spaced apart on the left and right sides of the front side of the seat 22.

[0041] Specifically, an annular track 21 is machined on the outer wall of the column 2, and the ring 7 is embedded in the track and can rotate along the track. Thus, the annular track 21 provides a stable rotation path for the ring 7, avoids deviation during rotation, and ensures the positional accuracy of the stage 3. The end face of the stage 3 is fixed with a base 22, and elastic clamping springs 23 are set at intervals on the left and right sides of the front side of the base. In use, the sample is clamped by the natural deformation of the clamping springs 23, and it can also be used to clamp a mobile phone.

[0042] Furthermore, the seat 22 can be mounted vertically on the platform 3, and locking bolts 31 are threadedly connected to both the left and right sides of the platform 3, with one end of the locking bolt 31 able to press against the seat 22.

[0043] The base 22 is installed through the stage 3 and can slide up and down along the stage 3. Locking bolts 31 are screwed into the threaded holes on the left and right sides of the stage 3. When adjusting, loosen the locking bolts, move the base 22 up and down to a suitable height, and then tighten the bolts to fix the base and ensure the distance between the clamping spring 23 on the base 22 and the end face of the stage 3.

[0044] Since some operators need to determine the position of celestial bodies using their mobile phones, a mobile phone holder is usually provided on the device. To solve the problem of the mobile phone holder, the mobile phone can be clamped by the clamping spring 23.

[0045] In other words, when clamping a sample, the distance between the clamping spring 23 and the stage 3 can be reduced; while when clamping a mobile phone, the distance between the clamping spring 23 and the stage 3 can be increased.

[0046] Furthermore, a mobile phone holder 41 is slidably mounted on the left side of the platform 3. After the mobile phone is held by the clamping spring 23, it is also supported by the mobile phone holder 41, which improves the stability of the mobile phone after it is fixed.

[0047] See Figures 2-4 , Figure 7 The transmission device includes a lifting plate 51 that slides up and down within the column 2. A first rack 52 and a cylinder 53 are provided on the lifting plate 51. A first gear 54 that can mesh with the first rack 52 is provided on the first hinge shaft 6. The cylinder 53 is coaxially arranged with the column 2, and a spiral groove 55 is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder 53. An arc-shaped clearance groove is provided on the inner wall of the annular track 21. A guide crossbar 57 is provided on the inner side of the annular ring 7. One end of the guide crossbar 57 passes through the arc-shaped clearance groove and is located within the spiral groove 55.

[0048] Specifically, a lifting plate 51 is installed inside the column 2, on which a first rack 52 and a cylinder 53 are fixed. A spiral groove 55 is machined on the outer wall of the cylinder 53. A first gear 54 on the first hinge shaft 6 meshes with the first rack 52. A guide bar 57 on the inner side of the ring 7 passes through the arc-shaped clearance groove of the annular track 21, and its end extends into the spiral groove 55. When the lifting plate 51 slides up and down, the first rack 52 drives the first gear 54 to rotate, thereby flipping the base 1. At the same time, the spiral groove 55 drives the guide bar 57 to move, thereby driving the ring 7 to rotate.

[0049] Thus, the transmission device achieves synchronous drive of the base 1 flipping and the ring 7 rotating through the meshing of the first rack 52 and the first gear 54 of the lifting plate 51, and the cooperation of the spiral groove 55 of the cylinder 53 and the guide crossbar 57. This simplifies the operation steps and is more efficient and stable than manual adjustment, ensuring coordinated action of each component when switching forms.

[0050] Furthermore, an auxiliary support leg 62 is provided on the rear side of the upper end of the column 2 via a second hinge shaft 61, a second gear 63 is provided on the second hinge shaft 61, and a second rack 64 that meshes with the second gear 63 is also provided on the lifting plate 51.

[0051] Specifically, an auxiliary support leg 62 is installed on the rear side of the upper end of the column 2 via a second hinge shaft 61. The second gear 63 on the second hinge shaft meshes with the second rack 64 of the lifting plate 51. When the lifting plate 51 moves and drives the base 1 to flip to the second form, the second rack 64 drives the second gear 63 to rotate, causing the auxiliary support leg 62 to rotate and unfold around the second hinge shaft 61, supporting the column 2 together with the base 1.

[0052] Thus, in the second form, it unfolds synchronously with the flipping of the base 1, enhancing the stability of the equipment support and preventing tipping due to the shift of the center of gravity, making it especially suitable for uneven environments such as outdoors; in addition, in the first form, as the base 1 flips, the auxiliary support leg 62 is stored in the rear of the column 2.

[0053] It should be noted that the gear ratios of the first gear 54 and the second gear 63 are different. When the first gear 54 drives the base 1 to rotate 180°, the second gear 63 drives the auxiliary support leg 62 to rotate 90°.

[0054] Furthermore, a telescopic support leg 71 is extended and retracted at the end of the auxiliary support leg 62 away from the second hinge shaft 61, and a positioning pin 72 is movably inserted into the outside of the auxiliary support leg 62. A plurality of positioning holes for the positioning pin 72 to be inserted are provided at intervals on the telescopic support leg 71.

[0055] During adjustment, the telescopic support 71 is pulled out or pushed in according to the observation angle of the microscope or telescope unit 4, so that the positioning pin 72 is inserted into the corresponding positioning hole for fixation, thereby adjusting the length of the support and realizing the adjustment of the observation angle of the microscope or telescope unit 4.

[0056] Furthermore, the telescopic support leg 71 can extend and retract within the auxiliary support leg 62, and is fixed with the positioning pin 72 and the positioning hole. It can adapt to different ground heights, adjust the level of the equipment, improve the support stability under complex terrain, and solve the problem of poor adaptability of traditional fixed support legs.

[0057] See Figures 2-4 As shown, a locking rod 81 is movably inserted into the rear side of the column 2. The lifting plate 51 has a first locking hole 82 and a second locking hole 83 spaced apart vertically. When the locking rod 81 is inserted into the second locking hole 83, the base 1 is in the first state, and when the locking rod 81 is inserted into the first locking hole 82, the base 1 is in the second state.

[0058] Thus, the locking rod 81 is inserted into the first locking hole 82 or the second locking hole 83 of the lifting plate 51, which can fix the first and second modes of the equipment respectively, prevent accidental switching of modes due to accidental touch during use, ensure the stability of the equipment structure during observation, and improve the safety of use.

[0059] In this invention, an installation slot is provided at the bottom of the column 2, and a projection device 91 is installed in the installation slot.

[0060] An installation slot is provided at the bottom of the column 2, and the projection device 91 is fixed in the slot and electrically connected to the electronic control component of the body 100. During observation, the electronic control component transmits the image acquired by the lens 101 to the projection device, and the projection device projects the image onto the wall or screen, enabling multiple people to share the observation content. It is especially suitable for teaching scenarios, solving the limitation of traditional equipment where only one person can observe through a monitor, and improving the teaching practicality of the equipment.

[0061] Of course, the projection device 91 may also be used independently for projection without being connected to the microscope or telescope unit 4.

[0062] See Figure 5 As shown, the sliding adjustment assembly includes a sliding seat 10 that slides up and down, a rotating shaft 11 that is rotatably installed inside the column 2, a third gear 12 and a brake disc 15 that are provided at the inner end of the rotating shaft 11, a first knob 13 that extends out of the column 2 at the outer end of the rotating shaft 11, a third rack 14 that can mesh with the third gear 12 that is provided on the sliding seat 10, and a screw 16 that is threaded to the other side of the column 2. A rubber pad 17 that is provided at one end of the screw 16 for pressing against the brake disc 15, and a second knob 18 that extends out of the column 2 at the other end of the screw 16.

[0063] During operation, rotating the first knob 13 drives the third gear 12 to rotate. The third gear 12 meshes with the third rack 14, causing the sliding seat 10 to move up and down to adjust the position of the microscope / telescope unit 4. After adjustment, rotating the second knob 18 causes the rubber pad 17 at one end of the screw 16 to press against the brake disc 15 on one side of the third gear 12 to achieve fixation.

[0064] In this invention, the microscope or telescope unit 4 includes a body 100, which contains electronic control components such as a circuit board, processor, and memory. The upper end of the body 100 is provided with a display 102, the lower end with a lens 101, and the body 100 is also provided with a focus adjustment knob 103.

[0065] The camera body 100 is equipped with electronic control components such as circuit boards, processors, and memory. The display 102 at the top and the lens 101 at the bottom are both electrically connected to the control components. The focus adjustment knob 103 on the side of the camera body is connected to the optical lens inside the lens and can drive the relative displacement of the optical lens inside the lens 101 to change the focus. During observation, the image acquired by the lens is processed by the control components and displayed on the display. Rotating the focus adjustment knob adjusts the position of the lens to achieve clear observation.

[0066] It should be noted that since the optical structure composed of the objective lens and other optical lenses is existing technology and not a technical feature claimed in this case, it will not be elaborated upon in this article.

[0067] Based on the accompanying drawings and the foregoing illustrations and descriptions, the basic principles and main features of the present invention, as well as its advantages, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An integrated electron microscope and telescope device, comprising a base (1), a column (2), a stage (3), and a microscope or telescope unit (4), characterized in that: An upwardly extending L-shaped frame (5) is provided on the rear side of the base (1). A first hinge shaft (6) is provided at the upper end of the L-shaped frame (5). The first hinge shaft (6) is rotatably hinged to the rear side of the lower end of the column (2). A ring (7) is provided on the rear side of the stage (3). The ring (7) is coaxially rotated and sleeved on the column (2). A sliding adjustment component is provided on the front side of the column (2) and above the stage (3). The microscope or telescope unit (4) is provided on the sliding adjustment component. A transmission device is provided inside the column (2). The base (1) can switch between a first form and a second form by rotating the first hinge shaft (6). In the first configuration, the base (1) is located directly below the column (2), and the ring (7) is driven to rotate by the transmission device so that its platform (3) is located in front of the column (2); In the second configuration, the base (1) is flipped 180° to the rear side of the column (2), and the ring (7) is driven to rotate by the transmission device so that its platform (3) is located on the left side of the column (2); A ring track (21) is provided on the outer wall of the column (2), and the ring (7) is rotatably disposed within the ring track (21). A seat (22) is provided on the end face of the platform (3), and clamping springs (23) are spaced apart on the left and right sides of the front side of the seat (22). The transmission device includes a lifting plate (51) that slides up and down within the column (2). A first rack (52) and a cylinder (53) are provided on the lifting plate (51). A first gear (54) that can mesh with the first rack (52) is provided on the shaft (6). The cylinder (53) is coaxially arranged with the column (2). A spiral groove (55) is provided on the outer wall of the cylinder (53). An arc-shaped clearance groove is provided on the inner wall of the annular track (21). A guide bar (57) is provided on the inner side of the annular ring (7). One end of the guide bar (57) passes through the arc-shaped clearance groove and is located in the spiral groove (55).

2. The integrated electron microscope and telescope device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seat (22) can be mounted on the platform (3) from top to bottom, and locking bolts (31) are threaded on both sides of the platform (3). One end of the locking bolt (31) can be pressed against the seat (22).

3. The integrated electron microscope and telescope device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A mobile phone holder (41) is slidable left and right on the left side of the platform (3).

4. The integrated electron microscope and telescope device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An auxiliary support foot (62) is provided on the rear side of the upper end of the column (2) via a second hinge shaft (61). A second gear (63) is provided on the second hinge shaft (61). A second rack (64) that meshes with the second gear (63) is also provided on the lifting plate (51).

5. The integrated electron microscope and telescope device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A telescopic support leg (71) is extended and retracted at the end of the auxiliary support leg (62) away from the second hinge axis (61). A positioning pin (72) is movably inserted on the outside of the auxiliary support leg (62). A number of positioning holes for the positioning pin (72) to be inserted are provided at intervals on the telescopic support leg (71).

6. An integrated electron microscope and telescope device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: A locking rod (81) is movably inserted into the rear side of the column (2). The lifting plate (51) has a first locking hole (82) and a second locking hole (83) spaced apart vertically. When the locking rod (81) is inserted into the second locking hole (83), the base (1) remains in the first state, while when the locking rod (81) is inserted into the first locking hole (82), the base (1) remains in the second state.

7. The integrated electron microscope and telescope device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An installation slot is provided at the bottom of the column (2), and a projection device (91) is installed in the installation slot.

8. The integrated electron microscope and telescope device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding adjustment assembly includes a sliding seat (10) that slides up and down, a rotating shaft (11) that is rotatably installed inside the column (2), a third gear (12) and a brake disc (15) are provided at the inner end of the rotating shaft (11), a first knob (13) is provided at the outer end of the rotating shaft (11) extending out of the column (2), a third rack (14) that can mesh with the third gear (12) is provided on the sliding seat (10), a screw (16) is threadedly connected to the other side of the column (2), a rubber pad (17) for pressing against the brake disc (15) is provided at one end of the screw (16), and a second knob (18) is provided at the other end of the screw (16) extending out of the column (2).

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