System and method for testing sealing ring of gas cooled reactor

Abstract

The invention provides a sealing ring testing system and method of a gas cooled reactor, and belongs to the field of sealing. The system provided by the invention comprises a normal-temperature testing device and a high-temperature testing device, the normal-temperature testing device comprises a normal-temperature workbench which is externally connected with an airtight performance testing device and a water pressure performance testing device. The high-temperature test device is used for testing the high-temperature fatigue performance and the high-temperature endurance performance of a high-temperature test tool of the sealing ring. The high-temperature test device comprises an upper heating disc and a lower heating disc which are oppositely arranged up and down; the leak detection device is connected with the upper half part of the high-temperature test tool; and a supercharging device. The sealing ring testing system and method of the gas cooled reactor are used for testing the performance of a sealing structure of the gas cooled micro-reactor and ensuring the sealing effect and reliability of the sealing structure of the gas cooled micro-reactor in a high-temperature and high-pressure helium medium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of sealing technology, and in particular to a sealing ring testing system and method for gas-cooled reactors. Background Technology

[0002] Gas-cooled microreactors are an independently developed fourth-generation nuclear power technology characterized by high efficiency, compactness, and high safety. As an innovative small modular reactor, gas-cooled microreactors offer advantages in structural flexibility, enabling them to adapt to various application scenarios. Their inherent safety and flexible deployment methods make them one of the important directions for future nuclear energy development.

[0003] In the design of gas-cooled microreactors, the sealing structure of the reactor pressure vessel and main piping flanges is crucial. Since gas-cooled microreactors typically operate in high-temperature and high-pressure environments, the reactor pressure vessel and its associated sealing structures must maintain excellent sealing performance over long periods under these conditions. Therefore, testing the performance of the gas-cooled microreactor's sealing structure is essential. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a sealing ring testing system and method for gas-cooled reactors to test the performance of the sealing structure of gas-cooled microreactors and ensure the sealing effect and reliability of the sealing structure of gas-cooled microreactors in high-temperature and high-pressure helium media.

[0005] Specifically, this application is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a sealing ring testing system for a gas-cooled reactor, the system comprising: a room temperature testing device and a high temperature testing device;

[0007] The ambient temperature testing device includes an ambient temperature workbench for installing the ambient temperature testing fixture of the sealing ring. The ambient temperature workbench is externally connected to an air tightness testing device and a water pressure testing device. The air tightness testing device is used to simultaneously test the sealing performance and leakage performance of the ambient temperature testing fixture of the sealing ring.

[0008] The high-temperature testing apparatus is used to test the high-temperature fatigue performance and high-temperature durability performance of the high-temperature testing fixture of the sealing ring. The high-temperature testing apparatus includes:

[0009] An upper heating plate and a lower heating plate are arranged opposite each other, with the top surface of the lower heating plate in contact with the bottom surface of the high-temperature testing fixture, and the bottom surface of the upper heating plate in contact with the top surface of the high-temperature testing fixture.

[0010] The upper heating plate and the lower heating plate are respectively connected to the induction temperature control device through pipes. The induction temperature control device includes at least an electromagnetic induction cooling control box, an electromagnetic induction heating control box, and an electromagnetic induction heater. The electromagnetic induction heating control box is connected to the electromagnetic induction heater and controls the electromagnetic induction heater to output heat, thereby raising the temperature of the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate. The electromagnetic induction heater and the electromagnetic induction cooling control box are both connected to the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate, and the electromagnetic induction cooling control box controls the cooling of the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate.

[0011] A leak detection device is connected to the upper part of the high-temperature testing fixture. The leak detection device includes a gas leak detector and a gas supply device. The gas leak detector is connected to the upper part of the high-temperature testing fixture. The gas supply device is connected to the first port of the pressurizing device. The second port of the pressurizing device is connected to the inner cavity of the sealing ring in the high-temperature testing fixture through an air inlet valve. The leak detection device is used to create a vacuum environment in the high-temperature testing fixture before testing and to detect the leakage performance of the high-temperature testing fixture during testing.

[0012] A pressurization device is connected to the high-temperature testing fixture and is used to provide the high-temperature testing fixture with an environment where the pressure level is greater than a preset value.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides a method for testing the sealing ring of a gas-cooled reactor, the method comprising:

[0014] The room temperature performance test of the sealing ring is performed using the room temperature testing device and the room temperature testing fixture. The room temperature performance test includes at least air tightness test and water pressure leakage test.

[0015] The airtightness test controls the compression and rebound of the sealing ring, and detects the compression performance, leakage performance and rebound performance of the sealing ring based on the compression and rebound process.

[0016] The high-temperature fatigue performance of the sealing ring was tested using the high-temperature testing fixture based on the high-temperature testing device.

[0017] The high-temperature fatigue performance test examines the relationship between the leakage performance of the sealing ring and temperature under a preset pressure level.

[0018] The high-temperature fatigue performance test is performed on the high-temperature test fixture after the high-temperature fatigue performance test using the high-temperature test device.

[0019] The high-temperature endurance test examines the relationship between the leakage performance of the sealing ring and temperature under a preset pressure level and duration.

[0020] The sealing ring testing system and method for gas-cooled reactors provided in this application, by combining a room-temperature testing device with a high-temperature testing device, can comprehensively evaluate the performance of the sealing ring under different temperature and pressure conditions. The room-temperature testing device ensures the sealing performance and stability of the sealing ring under normal operating conditions through airtightness and hydrostatic performance tests; while the high-temperature testing device simulates and strictly controls a high-temperature and high-pressure environment through a heating plate, temperature control, leak detection device, and pressurization device to test the high-temperature fatigue and durability performance of the sealing ring. This systematic and comprehensive testing method can not only discover potential failure modes of the sealing ring under extreme conditions, but also provide accurate data support for the optimization of sealing design, thereby improving the overall safety and reliability of the gas-cooled reactor. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the airtightness testing device provided in this application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water pressure performance testing device provided in this application;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the high-temperature testing apparatus provided in this application;

[0024] Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the high-temperature testing fixture provided in this application;

[0025] Figure 5 A flowchart of Embodiment 1 of the gas-cooled reactor sealing ring test method provided in this application;

[0026] in,

[0027] 1: Normal temperature workbench; 101: Load sensor; 102: Hydraulic cylinder; 2: Normal temperature testing fixture;

[0028] 3: Air tightness testing device; 31: Helium gas spectrometer leak detector;

[0029] 4: Water pressure performance testing device; 41: Water pressure test pump;

[0030] 5: Upper flange;

[0031] 6: Lower flange;

[0032] 7: Limiting ring;

[0033] 8: High-temperature testing fixtures;

[0034] 9: Heating plate; 91: Upper heating plate; 92: Lower heating plate;

[0035] 10: Temperature sensing control device;

[0036] 11: Leak detection device; 1101: Gas leak detector; 1102: Gas supply device;

[0037] 12: Pressure boosting device;

[0038] 13: Sealing ring;

[0039] 14: Test control console;

[0040] 15: Inlet valve;

[0041] 16: Auxiliary sealing ring;

[0042] 17: Pressure boosting port;

[0043] 18: Leak detection port;

[0044] 19: Vent hole;

[0045] 20: Exhaust valve;

[0046] 21: Intake valve;

[0047] 22: Pressure gauge;

[0048] 23: Temperature measuring hole;

[0049] 24: Pressure reducing valve. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application.

[0051] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used herein are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0052] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0053] The following specific embodiments are given to illustrate the technical solution of this application in detail.

[0054] The system provided in this embodiment includes a room temperature testing device and a high temperature testing device;

[0055] The ambient temperature testing device includes an ambient temperature workbench 1 and an ambient temperature testing fixture 2 for mounting the sealing ring 13. The ambient temperature workbench 1 is externally connected to an air tightness performance testing device 3 and a water pressure performance testing device 4. The air tightness performance testing device 3 is used to simultaneously test the sealing performance and leakage performance of the ambient temperature testing fixture 2 of the sealing ring 13.

[0056] The high-temperature testing device is used to test the high-temperature fatigue performance and high-temperature durability performance of the high-temperature testing fixture 8 of the sealing ring 13. The high-temperature testing device 8 includes:

[0057] An upper heating plate 91 and a lower heating plate 92 are arranged opposite each other, with the top surface of the lower heating plate 92 in contact with the bottom surface of the high temperature testing fixture 8, and the bottom surface of the upper heating plate 91 in contact with the top surface of the high temperature testing fixture 8.

[0058] The upper heating plate 91 and the lower heating plate 92 are respectively connected to the induction temperature control device 10 through pipes. The induction temperature control device 10 includes at least an electromagnetic induction cooling control box, an electromagnetic induction heating control box, and an electromagnetic induction heater. The electromagnetic induction heating control box is connected to the electromagnetic induction heater and controls the electromagnetic induction heater to output heat, so that the upper heating plate 91 and the lower heating plate 92 are heated. The electromagnetic induction heater and the electromagnetic induction cooling control box are both connected to the upper heating plate 91 and the lower heating plate 92. The electromagnetic induction cooling control box controls the upper heating plate 91 and the lower heating plate 92 to cool down.

[0059] A leak detection device 11 is connected to the upper half of the high-temperature testing fixture 8. The leak detection device 11 includes a gas leak detector 1101 and a gas supply device 1102. The gas leak detector 1101 is connected to the upper half of the high-temperature testing fixture 8. The gas supply device 1102 is connected to the first port of the pressurizing device 12. The second port of the pressurizing device 12 is connected to the inner cavity of the sealing ring in the high-temperature testing fixture 8 through an air inlet valve 21. The leak detection device 11 is used to create a vacuum environment in the high-temperature testing fixture 8 before testing and to detect the leakage performance of the high-temperature testing fixture 8 during testing.

[0060] The pressurization device 12 is connected to the high-temperature testing fixture 8 and is used to provide the high-temperature testing fixture 8 with an environment where the pressure level is greater than a preset value.

[0061] The working principle of providing a preset temperature testing environment for the high-temperature testing fixture using an electromagnetic induction cooling control box, an electromagnetic induction heating control box, and an electromagnetic induction heater is explained below. Specifically, in response to the heating control command of the electromagnetic induction heating control box, the electromagnetic induction heater heats up and conducts heat to the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate. In response to the cooling control command of the electromagnetic induction cooling control box, the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate dissipate heat to provide a preset temperature testing environment for the high-temperature testing fixture.

[0062] Furthermore, under a test environment with a predetermined temperature, the gas supply device 1102 fills the high-temperature test fixture 8 with a predetermined gas, and the pressurization device 12 provides multiple levels of pressure environment for the high-temperature test fixture 8. When the high-temperature test fixture 8 is filled with the predetermined gas, the gas leak detector 1101 detects the leakage status of the high-temperature test fixture 8 under multiple levels of pressure environment.

[0063] It should be noted that the room temperature testing device includes a room temperature workbench 1 and a room temperature testing fixture 2 for mounting the sealing ring 13. The room temperature workbench 1 is externally connected to an airtightness testing device 3 and a water pressure testing device 4. The airtightness testing device is used to simultaneously test the sealing performance and leakage performance of the room temperature testing fixture 2 of the sealing ring. Specifically, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the airtightness testing device provided in this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water pressure performance testing device provided in this application. Please also refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the overall structure of the airtightness testing device 3 and the water pressure testing device 4 is similar. The airtightness testing device 3 includes at least a helium gas spectrometer leak detector 31, which is connected to the room temperature testing fixture 2 to detect the helium leakage rate. The water pressure testing device 4 includes at least a water pressure testing pump 41, which is connected to the room temperature testing fixture 2 to provide multiple preset pressure levels for the room temperature testing fixture 2. It should also be noted that the room temperature workbench 1 includes a load sensor 101 and a hydraulic cylinder 102, as well as a control console 14. During water pressure testing, an inlet valve 15 and a pressure gauge 22 should also be included.

[0064] The ambient temperature testing fixture 2 includes an upper flange 5, a lower flange 6, and a limiting ring 7. The upper flange 5 and the lower flange 6 have the same outer diameter, and the limiting ring 7 has the same thickness and sealing groove depth as the flange used for sealing rings, and they are all made of the same material.

[0065] Figure 3 Please refer to the structural schematic diagram of the high-temperature testing apparatus provided in this application. Figure 3The high-temperature testing device is used to test the high-temperature fatigue performance and high-temperature durability performance of the high-temperature testing fixture 8 of the sealing ring. Specifically, the high-temperature testing device mainly includes a heating plate 9, a temperature sensing control device 10, a leak detection device 11, and a pressurization device 12. The heating plate 9 includes an upper heating plate 91 and a lower heating plate 92 arranged opposite each other. The top surface of the lower heating plate 92 is in contact with the bottom surface of the high-temperature testing fixture 8, and the bottom surface of the upper heating plate 91 is in contact with the top surface of the high-temperature testing fixture 8. It should also be noted that the upper heating plate 91 and the lower heating plate 92 are respectively connected to the induction temperature control device 10 via pipes. The induction temperature control device 10 includes at least an electromagnetic induction cooling control box, an electromagnetic induction heating control box, and an electromagnetic induction heater. The electromagnetic induction heating control box is connected to the electromagnetic induction heater and controls the output of heat from the electromagnetic induction heater to raise the temperature of the upper heating plate 91 and the lower heating plate 92. The electromagnetic induction heater and the electromagnetic induction cooling control box are both connected to the upper heating plate 91 and the lower heating plate 92, and the electromagnetic induction cooling control box controls the cooling of the upper heating plate 91 and the lower heating plate 92. The high-temperature testing device also includes a temperature measuring port 23 and a pressure reducing valve 24.

[0066] To provide a better explanation, let's first introduce the high-temperature testing fixture. Figure 4 Please refer to the cross-sectional schematic diagram of the high-temperature testing fixture provided in this application. Figure 4 and combined Figure 3 The high-temperature testing fixture 8 includes: an upper flange 5 and a lower flange 6, wherein the upper flange 5 and the lower flange 6 are connected by bolts; a first sealing groove and a second sealing groove are provided on the sealing surface of the lower flange 6, the sealing surface being the contact surface of the upper flange 5 and the lower flange 6, both the first sealing groove and the second sealing groove are annular, and the inner diameter of the first sealing groove is smaller than the inner diameter of the second sealing groove. The first sealing groove is used to place the sealing ring 13, and the second sealing groove is used to place the auxiliary sealing ring 16, forming a cavity between the sealing ring 13 and the auxiliary sealing ring 16; the lower flange 6 is provided with a pressure inlet 17, the pressure inlet... One end of the pressure port 17 is connected to the second port of the booster device 12 through the air inlet valve 21, and the other end of the booster port 17 is connected to the cavity between the sealing ring 13 and the auxiliary sealing ring 16; a leak detection port 18 is provided on the side of the upper flange 5, one end of the leak detection port 18 is connected to the gas leak detector 1101, and the other end of the leak detection port 18 is connected to the cavity between the sealing ring 13 and the auxiliary sealing ring 16; an exhaust port 19 is provided on the side of the upper flange 5 opposite to the leak detection port 18, one end of the exhaust port 19 is controlled by the exhaust valve 20, and the other end is connected to the sealing surface.

[0067] It should also be noted that the induction temperature control device 10 is connected to the heating plate 9 and is used to control the temperature of the heating plate 9. For example, in one embodiment, the induction temperature control device 10 can be an induction heating furnace. In addition, the leak detection device 11 is also connected to the high-temperature testing fixture 8 and is used to form a vacuum environment in the high-temperature testing fixture 8 before testing and to detect the leakage performance of the high-temperature testing fixture 8 during testing. The leak detection device 11 can be a leak detector. Specifically, the leak detection device 11 is connected to the annular cavity, air inlet, exhaust port 19 and leak detection port 18 of the high-temperature testing fixture 8 respectively. The annular cavity inside the high-temperature testing fixture can be evacuated to a vacuum state through the air inlet and exhaust port 19, and a preset gas is provided to the vacuum environment. The leak detection device 11 is also used to detect the leakage performance of the high-temperature testing fixture from the leak detection port 18. The pressurization device 12 is connected to the pressurization port 17 of the high-temperature testing fixture and is used to provide an environment with a pressure level greater than a preset value for the high-temperature testing fixture. The pressurization device 12 can be a pressurization pump.

[0068] It should be noted that the high-temperature testing device is used to test the high-temperature fatigue performance and high-temperature durability performance of the high-temperature testing fixture of the sealing ring, including: testing the high-temperature fatigue performance of the sealing ring based on the high-temperature testing fixture; and testing the high-temperature fatigue performance of the sealing ring includes at least: testing the leakage of the high-temperature testing fixture under a preset pressure level; and testing the correlation between temperature and leakage of the high-temperature testing fixture under a preset pressure level.

[0069] The high-temperature fatigue performance test aims to evaluate the sealing capability of the sealing ring under repeated high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. This test reflects the sealing effectiveness of the sealing ring at high temperatures and determines whether leakage increases with fatigue loading. Furthermore, under constant pressure, the effect of temperature changes on sealing ring leakage is tested. This test aims to analyze the impact of temperature fluctuations on sealing performance under high-temperature conditions, reveal the relationship between temperature and leakage, and understand the thermal fatigue behavior of the sealing ring.

[0070] It should also be noted that the high-temperature durability test of the sealing ring is conducted using high-temperature testing fixtures after the high-temperature fatigue performance test. This ensures that the sealing ring, having already undergone fatigue load, can be further evaluated for its sealing ability under long-term exposure to high-temperature and high-pressure environments.

[0071] Furthermore, testing the high-temperature durability of the sealing ring includes at least the correlation between the test temperature and leakage of the high-temperature test fixture under the preset pressure level and preset duration. Specifically, under the preset pressure level and a certain period of continuous loading, the effect of temperature changes on the leakage of the sealing ring can assess whether the sealing ring can maintain its sealing performance during long-term use under high-temperature conditions, and whether it will experience material aging, deformation, or other problems leading to leakage due to long-term heat exposure.

[0072] High-temperature fatigue performance and high-temperature creep performance tests can comprehensively evaluate the reliability and lifespan of the sealing ring under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions such as gas-cooled microreactors. High-temperature fatigue testing can detect potential fatigue failures in advance, while high-temperature creep performance testing ensures the safety and stability of the sealing ring during long-term use. This is of great significance for ensuring the safe operation of gas-cooled microreactors, extending equipment lifespan, and optimizing sealing structure design.

[0073] The sealing ring testing system for gas-cooled reactors provided in this application combines a room-temperature testing device with a high-temperature testing device to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the sealing ring under different temperature and pressure conditions. The room-temperature testing device ensures the sealing ring's tightness and stability under normal operating conditions through airtightness and hydrostatic performance tests; while the high-temperature testing device simulates and strictly controls a high-temperature and high-pressure environment through a heating plate, temperature control, leak detection device, and pressurization device to test the high-temperature fatigue and durability performance of the sealing ring. This systematic and comprehensive testing method not only discovers potential failure modes of the sealing ring under extreme conditions but also provides accurate data support for optimizing the sealing design, thereby improving the overall safety and reliability of the gas-cooled reactor.

[0074] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of Example 1 of the gas-cooled reactor sealing ring testing method provided in this application. Please refer to... Figure 5 The method includes:

[0075] S501. Based on the ambient temperature testing device, the ambient temperature testing fixture of the sealing ring is used to perform ambient temperature performance testing, wherein the ambient temperature performance testing includes at least air tightness performance testing and water pressure leakage performance testing.

[0076] The airtightness test controls the compression and rebound of the sealing ring, and detects the compression performance, leakage performance and rebound performance of the sealing ring based on the compression and rebound process.

[0077] It should be noted that the airtightness test process can be roughly summarized as follows: A sealing ring is installed between the upper and lower flanges of the room temperature test fixture; a vacuum is created by evacuating the inner cavity formed by the sealing ring and auxiliary sealing ring using a negative pressure vacuum method, and helium gas is injected externally for leak detection; the room temperature test fixture is compressed to compress the sealing ring, and a pressure holding operation is performed when the compression reaches the depth of the sealing groove; after the pressure holding is completed, the load is removed and the compression load data during this process is recorded; the compression load data includes data where the leakage rate during compression is less than or equal to a preset threshold (e.g., a leakage rate of 1×10⁻⁶). -9 Pa·m 3 The compression load is equal to or greater than a preset threshold (e.g., leakage rate ≥ 1 × 1 × 10⁻⁶) when the sealing ring is compressed to the depth of the sealing groove and the leakage rate during load removal. -9 Pa·m 3Compression load of / s).

[0078] Specifically, the airtightness test includes:

[0079] (1) The helium mass spectrometer leak detector evacuates the interior of the room temperature test fixture to a vacuum state and sprays helium gas on the outside to detect the leakage rate of the room temperature test fixture in real time.

[0080] It should be noted that helium molecules are extremely small and highly permeable. By evacuating the interior of the room-temperature testing fixture to a vacuum, air impurities inside the fixture can be eliminated, allowing for more precise detection of any helium entering from the outside. Helium is then sprayed externally; this helium can penetrate even the smallest leak points, detecting minute leaks and enabling real-time monitoring of the leak rate of the room-temperature testing fixture. Thus, if a leak exists, helium will permeate from the outside into the vacuum environment, which a helium mass spectrometer leak detector can immediately detect and measure the leak rate. The leak rate refers to the amount of gas leaked from the sealing ring under specific compression conditions, typically expressed as the volume of leaked gas per unit time.

[0081] (2) Control the room temperature test fixture to compress and rebound, and obtain the relationship between compression load and leakage rate under different compression states.

[0082] It should be noted that the compression and springback of the room temperature test fixture are controlled by externally applied mechanical force. Compression refers to applying a certain force to make the contact surfaces of the sealing ring or the entire test fixture fit more tightly; springback is the process by which the sealing ring material naturally returns to its original shape after the pressure is released.

[0083] The tests were conducted under multiple different compression states, meaning different magnitudes of compressive force (or compressive displacement) were applied. Each compression state represents the sealing effect of the sealing ring under different pressure or load conditions. Under each compression state, a helium mass spectrometer leak detector detected and recorded the corresponding leakage rate. In this way, a set of data can be obtained reflecting how the leakage rate of the sealing ring changes under different compressive loads (applied compressive forces).

[0084] Furthermore, by analyzing this data, a curve showing the relationship between compression load and leakage rate can be plotted. This curve illustrates how the leakage rate of the sealing ring changes as the compression force increases. Typically, within an appropriate compression range, the leakage rate of the sealing ring will significantly decrease, achieving a good sealing effect; however, if the compression is excessive, the material may be damaged, leading to an increase in the leakage rate.

[0085] (3) Determine the leakage rate, effective rebound amount and total rebound amount of the sealing ring based on the relationship.

[0086] It should be noted that the effective rebound amount and total rebound amount of the sealing ring can be obtained based on the relationship curve between compression load and leakage rate. The effective rebound amount refers to the maximum amount the sealing ring can rebound after the compression load is removed, while ensuring that the sealing ring still maintains effective sealing performance. In other words, this is the maximum allowable rebound range of the sealing ring while maintaining a low leakage rate. Specifically, by analyzing the relationship curve between compression load and leakage rate, the critical point where the leakage rate begins to rise significantly can be found. The rebound amount before this critical point is the effective rebound amount, indicating that within this rebound range, the sealing ring can still effectively seal.

[0087] It should also be noted that total rebound refers to the maximum amount of springback of the sealing ring after the compressive load is completely removed. This is the elastic limit of the sealing ring material. Exceeding this range, the material may undergo plastic deformation or failure, resulting in the inability to return to its original shape. Specifically, total rebound represents the maximum elastic recovery capability of the sealing ring material. It can be obtained by gradually reducing the compressive load until the compression is completely released and measuring the rebound of the sealing ring.

[0088] The airtightness test provided in this application can not only evaluate the leakage performance of the sealing ring under different mechanical stresses, but also help determine the mechanical elastic limit of the sealing ring. By analyzing the relationship between the leakage rate and the compression state, the sealing performance of the sealing ring can be accurately determined under different compression and rebound states, ensuring that the sealing ring can maintain effective sealing under different stress and deformation conditions in practical applications.

[0089] It should be noted that after the airtightness performance test, a water pressure leakage performance test is performed. This water pressure leakage performance test includes two different modes. In the first mode, the water pressure leakage performance test is performed based on the sealing ring state obtained from the airtightness performance test, specifically by holding the pressure at a fixed water pressure for a fixed duration. In the second mode, the water pressure leakage performance test is performed based on a new sealing ring state. The second mode of the water pressure leakage performance test includes multiple stages. For example, in one embodiment, when there are two stages, in the first stage, the pressure is increased to a first pressure, held for a first preset time, and data is recorded; in the second stage, the pressure is increased to a second pressure, held for a second preset time, and data is recorded; wherein the second pressure is greater than the first pressure, and the second preset time is greater than the first preset time. The recorded data is used to determine whether a leak has occurred.

[0090] S502. The high-temperature fatigue performance of the sealing ring is tested using the high-temperature testing fixture based on the high-temperature testing device.

[0091] The high-temperature fatigue performance test examines the relationship between the leakage performance of the sealing ring and temperature under a preset pressure level.

[0092] It should be noted that the steps of high-temperature fatigue performance testing can be roughly described as follows: turn on the helium mass spectrometer leak detector, evacuate the annular cavity of the high-temperature test fixture, and record the leak detector background value when the leak detector reading tends to stabilize; close the exhaust port of the high-temperature test fixture, turn on the helium cylinder and booster pump to fill the test component cavity with helium to increase the pressure, and record the leakage value of the leak detector after the pressure increase is completed; turn on the heating equipment to raise the temperature and use the booster pump to control the pressure, while performing heat and pressure holding operations; turn off the heating equipment to cool down, and perform pressure holding operations during the cooling process, and record the maximum leakage value detected by the leak detector after the cooling is completed; open the exhaust valve to release the pressure of the high-temperature test fixture.

[0093] Specifically, high-temperature fatigue performance testing includes:

[0094] (1) The helium mass spectrometer leak detector evacuates the interior of the high-temperature test fixture to a vacuum state and marks the helium mass spectrometer leak detector according to the vacuum state.

[0095] It should be noted that the high-temperature test fixture is evacuated to a vacuum state by the helium mass spectrometer leak detector to ensure that there are no other gases interfering inside the test fixture, thereby improving the accuracy of leak detection. After reaching the vacuum state, the status of the helium mass spectrometer leak detector is recorded and marked to ensure that any helium leaks can be accurately detected in subsequent tests.

[0096] (2) Fill the high-temperature test fixture with helium and keep the internal pressure of the high-temperature test fixture constant at the first level during the heating and cooling process.

[0097] It should be noted that the purpose of filling with helium is to establish a gas pressure environment inside the high-temperature testing fixture. This way, if there is any leakage in the sealing ring, the helium will escape through the leak point and be detected by the helium mass spectrometer leak detector.

[0098] It should also be noted that maintaining a constant pressure level allows temperature to be the only variable, thus enabling a clear assessment of the sealing ring's leakage performance at different temperatures. Pressure fluctuations can mask or amplify the effect of temperature on sealing performance; therefore, controlling the pressure is crucial for ensuring test accuracy.

[0099] (3) Increase the temperature of the high temperature test fixture according to the preset step size until the temperature reaches the preset temperature threshold, maintain it for a first preset time, and then decrease the temperature of the high temperature test fixture to the initial value according to the preset step size.

[0100] It should be noted that after reaching the preset temperature, this temperature was maintained for a period of time (the first preset time) to evaluate the short-term tolerance of the sealing ring at high temperatures. Subsequently, the temperature was decreased in the same increments until it returned to the initial value, simulating the recovery of the equipment after cooling.

[0101] (4) Real-time detection of leakage values ​​within the high-temperature testing fixture.

[0102] Throughout the heating, isothermal, and cooling processes, the helium mass spectrometer leak detector monitors the leakage inside the high-temperature test fixture in real time and records the leakage values ​​at different temperatures to evaluate the sealing performance of the sealing ring under temperature changes.

[0103] (5) Obtain the relationship between temperature and leakage performance of the sealing ring under a preset pressure.

[0104] Specifically, by collecting and analyzing leakage data at different temperatures, the relationship between temperature and leakage performance of the sealing ring under a preset pressure is obtained.

[0105] The high-temperature fatigue performance testing method provided in this application can comprehensively evaluate the sealing effect and fatigue resistance of sealing rings in high-temperature environments. Temperature cycling tests can reveal material changes and sealing performance stability during heating and cooling processes. The resulting temperature-leakage performance curve provides crucial data support for optimizing seal design and ensures sufficient reliability and durability of the sealing ring under actual operating conditions.

[0106] S503. Based on the high temperature testing device, perform high temperature endurance performance testing on the high temperature testing fixture after the high temperature fatigue performance test.

[0107] The high-temperature endurance test examines the relationship between the leakage performance of the sealing ring and temperature under a preset pressure level and duration.

[0108] Specifically, the high-temperature fatigue performance test includes: providing a pressure environment of a first level and a temperature environment of a preset temperature threshold to the high-temperature test fixture after the high-temperature fatigue performance test; maintaining the pressure environment and the temperature environment for a second preset time, the second preset time being longer than the duration of the high-temperature fatigue performance test; detecting the leakage value in the high-temperature test fixture in real time; and obtaining the correspondence between the temperature and leakage performance of the sealing ring under the preset pressure and duration.

[0109] It should be noted that the test methods and procedures for high-temperature endurance performance testing are the same as those for high-temperature fatigue performance testing. Please refer to the previous introduction, and they will not be repeated here.

[0110] The purpose of the high-temperature durability test provided in this application is to evaluate the high-temperature durability of the sealing ring after high-temperature fatigue testing, especially the leakage situation under long-term exposure to high temperature and pressure conditions, so as to verify the reliability and durability of the sealing ring in the actual working environment.

[0111] It should also be noted that, after performing high-temperature endurance performance testing using the high-temperature testing fixture based on the high-temperature fatigue performance test, the method further includes:

[0112] (1) Establish finite element models of the compression process and springback process of the sealing ring under different spring turns.

[0113] It should be noted that a three-dimensional model of the sealing ring can be created using appropriate software. Its geometric features, including the size and shape under different spring turns, can be input, and material properties, such as elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio, can be defined to accurately simulate the behavior of the sealing ring during the compression process. Then, boundary conditions and loads can be applied to simulate the response of the sealing ring under actual compression conditions, thereby obtaining a finite element model of the sealing ring's compression process.

[0114] Based on the finite element model of the compression process, the model is adjusted to reflect the material properties and behavior during the springback process, so as to ensure that the elastic and plastic characteristics of the material can be reflected and the springback behavior can be accurately simulated, and a finite element model of the springback process is established.

[0115] (2) Based on the finite element model of the compression process and the finite element model of the springback process, the compression and springback process of the sealing ring is simulated to obtain the variation relationship of the compression-springback characteristic curves of each sealing ring under different spring turns.

[0116] It should be noted that finite element analysis software (such as ANSYS, ABAQUS, etc.) can be used for simulation to calculate the compression and springback process of the sealing ring under different spring turns. By recording data such as deformation, stress distribution, and contact force during the compression process and data such as deformation and stress recovery during the springback process, information can be extracted to obtain compression-springback characteristic curves under different spring turns. Then, the relationship between these curves can be analyzed to understand the compression and springback characteristics of the sealing ring under different spring turns.

[0117] (3) Based on the finite element model of the compression process and the finite element model of the springback process, the deformation and stress distribution of each sealing ring under different spring turns are obtained.

[0118] Specifically, the deformation of the sealing ring under different spring turns was extracted from the finite element model. The deformation modes of the sealing ring during compression and rebound were analyzed, and their impact on sealing performance was evaluated. Stress distribution data were extracted from the finite element model to analyze the stress state of the sealing ring under different spring turns, stress concentration areas were identified, and their potential impact on the sealing ring performance was evaluated.

[0119] The above finite element analysis can obtain the compression and rebound characteristics of the sealing ring under different spring turns, thereby evaluating its performance in practical applications. This helps to optimize the design of the sealing ring and improve its reliability and durability under high temperature and high pressure environments.

[0120] The sealing ring testing method for gas-cooled reactors provided in this application can comprehensively and accurately predict the performance of sealing rings in actual use by systematically evaluating their performance under different environments, thereby helping to optimize design, improve safety, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0121] Furthermore, since the upper and lower flanges are connected by bolts, it is necessary to calculate the bolt preload to better ensure the reliability, safety, and durability of the mechanical connection. The following is a specific example illustrating the calculation method for the bolt preload:

[0122] For example, in one embodiment, the bolt information is obtained as follows:

[0123] 1) The main bolts of the pressure vessel sealing structure are M100, 48 in number, and made of Inconel 718 material;

[0124] 2) The main bolts of the main pipeline sealing structure are M36, with a quantity of 64 bolts and a material of Inconel 718.

[0125] 3) The material for pressure vessels and main pipeline flanges is 316H.

[0126] 4) The main bolt material is based on SB-637N07718, with an allowable stress value of 255MPa at room temperature, 222MPa at 550℃, and 209MPa at 600℃.

[0127] Based on the above bolt information, the installation preload of the sealing ring is estimated, and the strength of the bolt is checked.

[0128] For example, the specifications of the C-type sealing ring for the reactor pressure vessel are φ2296.3×φ9.5 (inner ring) and φ2416.3×φ9.5 (outer ring), the hydrostatic test pressure is 6.47MPa, the bolt specification is M100, the number of bolts is 48, and the linear sealing load of this specification sealing ring is 600N / mm (test data).

[0129] The formula for calculating the total preload F1 required for the installation of the sealing ring is shown in equation (1).

[0130] F1 = F 内1 +F C1 +F C2 ……………………………………………………(1)

[0131] Among them, F 内1 The reaction force generated by internal pressure, N; F C1 The force required, N; F, to fully compress the inner ring to the groove depth during installation. C2 The force required, in N, for the outer ring to be fully compressed to the groove depth during installation.

[0132] F 内1 ,F C1 With F C2 The following formulas (2) and (3) can be used for calculation.

[0133] F 内1 =P 内1 ·πR 2 ……………………………………………………(2)

[0134] Among them, P 内1 R is the maximum test pressure, MPa; R is the radius of the inner ring's middle diameter, mm.

[0135] F C =πD·Y…………………………………………(3)

[0136] Where D is the mean diameter of the C-type sealing ring, mm; Y is the linear sealing load of the C-type sealing ring, N / mm.

[0137] Substituting the known data into equations (2) and (3), we can obtain:

[0138]

[0139] F C1 =π×(2296.3-9.5)×600=4308331.2N;

[0140] F C2 =π×(2416.3-9.5)×600=4534411.2N;

[0141] Therefore, from equation (1), we can obtain:

[0142] F1 = F 内1 +F C1 +F C2 =35402879.0122N;

[0143] The calculated preload F1' required for the installation of a single bolt on the reactor pressure vessel is as follows:

[0144] F1'=F1 / n=35402879.0122 / 48=737559.9794N.

[0145] For example, the specifications of the C-type sealing rings for the main pipeline are φ764.3×φ9.5 (inner ring) and φ884.3×φ9.5 (outer ring), the water pressure test pressure is 6.47MPa, the bolt specification is M36, the number of bolts is 64, and the line sealing load is 600N / mm.

[0146] Since the calculation method for the preload of the main pipeline bolts is the same as that for the preload of the reactor pressure vessel bolts, substituting the known data into equations (2) and (3) yields:

[0147]

[0148] F C3 =π×(764.3-9.5)×600=1422043.2N;

[0149] F C4 =π×(884.3-9.5)×600=1648123.2N;

[0150] Therefore, from equation (1), we can obtain:

[0151] F2 = F 内2 +F C3 +F C4 =5963761.234N;

[0152] The calculated result of the preload F2' required for the installation of a single bolt on the main pipeline is as follows:

[0153] F2'=F2 / n=5963761.234 / 64=93183.7693N.

[0154] It should be noted that both flanges use Inconel 718 bolts. If the M100 bolt has a pitch of 4mm, the minor diameter of the bolt is φ95.67mm according to the mechanical design manual; the M36 bolt has a pitch of 4mm and a minor diameter of φ31.67mm.

[0155] The allowable load calculation formula is shown in equation (4):

[0156] F=A·[σ]……………………………………………………(4)

[0157] Where F is the allowable load of the bolt, in N; and A is the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the bolt, in mm. 2 [σ] represents the allowable stress, in MPa.

[0158] The calculation results above show that the forces required for a single bolt in the current flange sealing structure for the two types of sealing rings are 737560 N (M100 reactor pressure vessel) and 93184 N (M36 main pipeline), respectively. However, the allowable bolt load for bolts made of Inconel 718 material is far greater than the bolt load required for actual sealing ring installation under both normal and high temperature conditions. Therefore, considering the installation load, the main bolts in the two sealing structures currently designed have a large margin, fully meeting the installation requirements under the design conditions.

[0159] The specific implementation process of the functions and roles of each unit in the above device can be found in the implementation process of the corresponding steps in the above method, and will not be repeated here.

[0160] For the device embodiments, since they basically correspond to the method embodiments, the relevant parts can be referred to in the description of the method embodiments. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this application according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0161] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A sealing ring testing system for a gas-cooled reactor, characterized in that, include: Room temperature testing equipment, high temperature testing equipment; The ambient temperature testing device includes an ambient temperature workbench for installing the ambient temperature testing fixture of the sealing ring. The ambient temperature workbench is externally connected to an air tightness testing device and a water pressure testing device. The air tightness testing device is used to simultaneously test the sealing performance and leakage performance of the ambient temperature testing fixture of the sealing ring. The high-temperature testing apparatus is used to test the high-temperature fatigue performance and high-temperature durability performance of the sealing ring using a high-temperature testing fixture. The high-temperature testing apparatus includes: An upper heating plate and a lower heating plate are arranged opposite each other, with the top surface of the lower heating plate in contact with the bottom surface of the high-temperature testing fixture, and the bottom surface of the upper heating plate in contact with the top surface of the high-temperature testing fixture. The upper heating plate and the lower heating plate are respectively connected to the induction temperature control device through pipes. The induction temperature control device includes at least an electromagnetic induction cooling control box, an electromagnetic induction heating control box, and an electromagnetic induction heater. The electromagnetic induction heating control box is connected to the electromagnetic induction heater and controls the electromagnetic induction heater to output heat, thereby raising the temperature of the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate. The electromagnetic induction heater and the electromagnetic induction cooling control box are both connected to the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate, and the electromagnetic induction cooling control box controls the cooling of the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate. A leak detection device is connected to the upper part of the high-temperature testing fixture. The leak detection device includes a gas leak detector and a gas supply device. The gas leak detector is connected to the upper part of the high-temperature testing fixture. The gas supply device is connected to the first port of the pressurizing device. The second port of the pressurizing device is connected to the inner cavity of the sealing ring in the high-temperature testing fixture through an air inlet valve. The leak detection device is used to create a vacuum environment in the high-temperature testing fixture before testing and to detect the leakage performance of the high-temperature testing fixture during testing. A pressurizing device, connected to the high-temperature testing fixture, is used to provide the high-temperature testing fixture with an environment where the pressure level is greater than a preset value. The ambient temperature testing fixture and the high temperature testing fixture are testing fixtures with different structures; In the airtightness testing device, the helium mass spectrometer leak detector evacuates the interior of the room temperature testing fixture to a vacuum state, and helium gas is sprayed on the outside to detect the leakage rate of the room temperature testing fixture in real time. After detecting the leakage rate, the airtightness testing device controls the room temperature test fixture to compress and rebound. Under each compression state, the helium mass spectrometer leak detector detects and records the corresponding leakage rate to obtain the relationship between compression load and leakage rate under different compression states. Based on the aforementioned relationship, the leakage rate, effective rebound amount, and total rebound amount of the sealing ring are determined. The high-temperature fatigue performance of the sealing ring is tested using a high-temperature testing fixture; and the high-temperature fatigue performance test of the sealing ring includes at least: testing the leakage of the high-temperature testing fixture under a preset pressure level; and testing the correlation between temperature and leakage of the high-temperature testing fixture under a preset pressure level. The high-temperature durability test of the sealing ring is conducted using a high-temperature test fixture after the high-temperature fatigue performance test. The high-temperature durability test of the sealing ring includes at least the correlation between the test temperature and the leakage of the high-temperature test fixture under the preset pressure level and preset duration.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature testing fixture for the sealing ring includes: Upper flange and lower flange, in contact with each other; A first sealing groove and a second sealing groove are provided at the sealing surface of the lower flange. The sealing surface is the contact surface of the upper flange and the lower flange. Both the first sealing groove and the second sealing groove are annular, and the inner diameter of the first sealing groove is smaller than the inner diameter of the second sealing groove. The first sealing groove is used to place the sealing ring, and the second sealing groove is used to place the auxiliary sealing ring. A cavity is formed between the sealing ring and the auxiliary sealing ring. The lower flange is provided with a pressure boosting port. One end of the pressure boosting port is connected to the second port of the pressure boosting device through an air inlet valve, and the other end of the pressure boosting port is connected to the cavity between the sealing ring and the auxiliary sealing ring. The upper flange has a leak detection port on its side. One end of the leak detection port is connected to the gas leak detector, and the other end of the leak detection port is connected to the cavity between the sealing ring and the auxiliary sealing ring. The upper flange has an exhaust port on the side opposite to the leak detection port. One end of the exhaust port is controlled by an exhaust valve, and the other end is connected to the sealing surface.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In response to the heating control command of the electromagnetic induction heating control box, the electromagnetic induction heater heats up and conducts heat to the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate. In response to the cooling control command of the electromagnetic induction cooling control box, the upper heating plate and the lower heating plate dissipate heat to provide a test environment with a preset temperature for the high-temperature test fixture. The gas supply device fills the high-temperature testing fixture with a preset gas, and the pressurization device provides multiple levels of pressure environment for the high-temperature testing fixture. When the high-temperature testing fixture is filled with the preset gas, the gas leak detector detects the leakage status of the high-temperature testing fixture under multiple levels of pressure environment.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature testing apparatus is used to test the high-temperature fatigue performance and high-temperature durability performance of the high-temperature testing fixture for the sealing ring, including: The high-temperature fatigue performance of the sealing ring was tested using the aforementioned high-temperature testing fixture. The test of the high-temperature fatigue performance of the sealing ring includes at least: testing the leakage of the high-temperature test fixture under a preset pressure level; and testing the correlation between temperature and leakage of the high-temperature test fixture under the preset pressure level. The high-temperature fatigue performance of the sealing ring was tested using a high-temperature testing fixture based on the high-temperature fatigue performance test. The test of the high-temperature durability of the sealing ring includes at least the correlation between the test temperature and the leakage of the high-temperature test fixture under the preset pressure level and preset duration.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The airtightness testing device includes at least a helium gas spectrometer leak detector connected to the ambient temperature testing fixture for detecting the helium leakage rate; the water pressure testing device includes at least a water pressure testing pump connected to the ambient temperature testing fixture for providing multiple preset pressure levels for the ambient temperature testing fixture.

6. A method for testing the sealing ring of a gas-cooled reactor, applied to the system as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method includes: The room temperature performance test of the sealing ring is performed using the room temperature testing device and the room temperature testing fixture. The room temperature performance test includes at least air tightness test and water pressure leakage test. The airtightness test controls the compression and rebound of the sealing ring, and detects the compression performance, leakage performance and rebound performance of the sealing ring based on the compression and rebound process. The high-temperature fatigue performance of the sealing ring was tested using the high-temperature testing fixture based on the high-temperature testing device. The high-temperature fatigue performance test examines the relationship between the leakage performance of the sealing ring and temperature under a preset pressure level. The high-temperature fatigue performance test is performed on the high-temperature test fixture after the high-temperature fatigue performance test using the high-temperature test device. The high-temperature endurance test examines the relationship between the leakage performance of the sealing ring and temperature under a preset pressure level and duration.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The high-temperature fatigue performance test includes: The helium mass spectrometer leak detector evacuates the interior of the high-temperature testing fixture to a vacuum state, and marks the helium mass spectrometer leak detector according to the vacuum state. Helium gas is filled into the high-temperature testing fixture, and the internal pressure of the high-temperature testing fixture is kept constant at the first level value during the heating and cooling process; The temperature of the high-temperature testing fixture is increased by a preset step size until the temperature reaches a preset temperature threshold. After maintaining the temperature for a first preset time, the temperature of the high-temperature testing fixture is decreased to the initial value by the preset step size. Real-time detection of leakage values ​​within the high-temperature testing fixture; Obtain the relationship between temperature and leakage performance of the sealing ring under a preset pressure.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The high-temperature durability test includes: The high-temperature testing fixture after the high-temperature fatigue performance test is provided with a pressure environment of a first level value and a temperature environment of a preset temperature threshold. The pressure environment and the temperature environment are maintained for a second preset time, which is longer than the duration of the high-temperature fatigue performance test. Real-time detection of leakage values ​​within the high-temperature testing fixture; The relationship between temperature and leakage performance of the sealing ring under preset pressure and duration is obtained.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, After performing high-temperature endurance performance testing on the high-temperature testing fixture based on the high-temperature fatigue performance test, the method further includes: Finite element models of the compression process and springback process of the sealing ring under different spring turns were established. The compression and springback processes of the sealing ring are simulated based on the finite element model of the compression process and the finite element model of the springback process, and the variation relationship of the compression-springback characteristic curves of each sealing ring under different spring turns is obtained. Based on the finite element model of the compression process and the finite element model of the springback process, the deformation and stress distribution of each sealing ring under different spring turns are obtained.

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