Zinc oxide surge arrester with self-repairing function

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of zinc oxide arresters, and discloses a zinc oxide arrester with a self-repairing function, which comprises a base and an arrester body, the base is provided with cross arm mounting racks on both sides, the top end of the base is provided with a heat dissipation shell, the heat dissipation shell is internally provided with an anti-interference shell, and heat-absorbing insulation partition plates are arranged between the inner walls of the anti-interference shell. The application realizes self-energy supply of the system, does not need an external power supply, provides opposite driving force through a reverse pulse electric field generated by a pulse generator, forces the migrated ions to return to the original position or a more stable state, integrates four functions of monitoring, diagnosing, energy taking and activating in a compact system, realizes real intelligentization, on-line type, self-energy supply and self-repairing function, the coupling capacitor plays a protection role, the repair liquid can independently and self-repair the cracked valve body, can be repaired for multiple times, and does not affect the electrical performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of zinc oxide surge arrester technology, specifically to a zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function. Background Technology

[0002] Zinc oxide surge arresters (MOAs) are advanced overvoltage protection devices. Their core component is zinc oxide resistance elements, which are sintered from zinc oxide (ZnO) with various metal oxide additives. Their primary function is to limit overvoltage, discharge lightning current, and protect electrical equipment without relying on circuit breakers to interrupt follow current.

[0003] During operation, ZnO grains will slowly age due to factors such as continuous power frequency voltage, overvoltage impact, heat, and moisture. This manifests as a gradual increase in leakage current, especially resistive current, and a deterioration in nonlinear characteristics. Under long-term positive polarity power frequency voltage, defects at the ZnO grain boundaries (such as oxygen vacancies Vo) will also contribute to this aging. ++ Zinc oxide surge arrester (interstitial zinc oxide surge arrester Zni) + Migration and accumulation of these substances can lead to a lower energy barrier and increased leakage current. This increased leakage current, in turn, causes a rise in temperature, which further accelerates aging, creating a vicious cycle (thermal collapse). Ultimately, this can lead to an explosion due to a sudden increase in internal pressure, endangering surrounding equipment and personnel. Moisture can also penetrate the MOA through the micropores of the material itself or through microcracks that develop later. This moisture can react chemically with the ZnO grains, accelerating their aging process, increasing leakage current, and ultimately leading to thermal collapse.

[0004] The resistor element inside a surge arrester is made of ceramic material, which is inherently brittle. Under strong lightning strikes or switching overvoltages, micro-cracks may be generated. These micro-cracks themselves reduce the insulation strength and are also points of stress concentration. Under subsequent voltage or thermal stress, the micro-cracks will rapidly expand, instantly causing the entire resistor element to crack through or the insulation to break down completely, resulting in serious accidents such as surge arrester explosion and line tripping. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a base and a surge arrester body are included. Crossarm mounting brackets are connected to both sides of the base. A heat dissipation shell is connected to the top of the base. An anti-interference shell is connected inside the heat dissipation shell. A heat-absorbing insulating partition is connected between the inner walls of the anti-interference shell. A mounting bracket is connected to the top of the heat-absorbing insulating partition. A monitoring component is connected to the top inner side of the mounting bracket. Heat-absorbing fins are connected to the bottom inner side of the mounting bracket. A heat-absorbing component is connected to the bottom of the heat-absorbing insulating partition. A transducer component is connected to the bottom of the heat-absorbing component. A nanocrystalline iron ring is connected to the center of the bottom of the heat-absorbing component. The anti-interference housing contains a pulse generator. A current sensor is connected to one side of the mounting bracket. A top cover is connected to the top of the heat dissipation housing and the anti-interference housing. The top cover is connected to the main body of the surge arrester. A grounding wire is connected to the bottom of the main body of the surge arrester. A cooling water storage tank and a flow guide are connected to the top of the crossarm mounting bracket on the left side. A heat sink is connected to the inside of the cooling water storage tank. Two connecting pipes are connected to one side of the anti-interference housing. The other end of each connecting pipe is connected to the heat sink. A fan is connected to the inside of the flow guide. A photovoltaic module is connected to the top of the other crossarm mounting bracket. The photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the fan.

[0007] Preferably, the surface of the nanocrystalline iron ring is wound with multiple turns of secondary coil, and one end of the grounding wire passes through the current sensor and the center of the nanocrystalline iron ring and is connected to the grounding grid.

[0008] Preferably, a shielding partition is provided between the inner walls of the anti-interference housing, the pulse generator is connected to the bottom of the shielding partition, a pulse wire is connected to one side of the pulse generator, and the other end of the pulse wire is connected to the bottom of the surge arrester body.

[0009] Preferably, the surge arrester body includes an encapsulation body, with connecting covers at both ends of the encapsulation body. Electrodes are connected to the sides of the connecting covers that are close to each other, and bolts are connected to the ends of the electrodes that are far apart from each other. Multiple sets of resistance valve plates are connected between the electrodes. An insulating kit is connected to the inside of the top cover. The bolt at one end of the lower electrode is connected to the insulating kit, the grounding wire, and the pulse wire. An insulating ceramic sheet is connected between the grounding wire and the pulse wire.

[0010] Preferably, an FBG temperature sensor is connected to the inner side of the lower connecting cover. The FBG temperature sensor is electrically connected to the monitoring component, and the detection end of the FBG temperature sensor is embedded inside the package body.

[0011] Preferably, the monitoring component includes a circuit board, on one side of which a central processing chip, a storage chip, an integrator chip, a signalless communication chip, a protection capacitor, a protection diode, and a constant voltage generator are connected. The central processing chip, storage chip, integrator chip, signalless communication chip, protection capacitor, protection diode, and constant voltage generator are electrically connected. The monitoring component is electrically connected to the transducer component and the current sensor.

[0012] Preferably, the transducer assembly includes a second circuit board, and the top of the second circuit board is connected to the second circuit board, a pulse transformer, a clock chip, an energy storage capacitor, a voltage regulator chip, a microcontroller, an IGBT switch, a TVS diode, and a coupling capacitor. The rectifier bridge, energy storage capacitor, voltage regulator chip, and TVS diode are electrically connected to the secondary coil.

[0013] Preferably, the resistance valve includes a valve body, the valve body has a mesh tube inside, and the mesh tube is filled with a repair fluid.

[0014] Preferably, the heat-absorbing insulating partition includes a non-porous alumina partition and a connecting plug disposed on one side of the anti-interference shell. A heat exchange circuit is provided on the inner side of the non-porous alumina partition. Both ends of the heat exchange circuit are connected to the corresponding connecting plugs. The connecting pipe is connected to the heat exchange circuit through the connecting plugs. One end of one of the connecting pipes is connected to a micro water pump.

[0015] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0016] The transducer module harvests and stores energy from the grounding wire through a nanocrystalline iron ring and a secondary coil. The monitoring module uses a current sensor and an FBG temperature sensor to monitor the main body of the surge arrester and determine its current operating status. The nanocrystalline iron ring energy harvesting solves the problem of low leakage current and difficulty in energy harvesting during normal operation of the MOA, realizing the system's self-powered operation without the need for an external power source. The reverse pulse electric field applied by the pulse generator provides the opposite driving force, forcing these migrating ions to "return" to their original position or a more stable state. The four major functions of monitoring, diagnosis, energy harvesting, and activation are integrated into a compact system, realizing a truly intelligent, online, self-powered, and self-repairing function. The coupling capacitor plays a protective role, and the repair fluid can autonomously and self-repair the cracked valve body. It can be repaired multiple times without affecting electrical performance. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a side cross-sectional view of a zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the resistor valve plate in a zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring component in a zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the transducer component in a zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the heat-absorbing insulating partition in a zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Crossarm mounting bracket; 3. Heat dissipation shell; 4. Anti-interference shell; 5. Heat-absorbing insulating partition; 51. Non-porous alumina partition; 52. Heat exchange circuit; 53. Connecting plug; 6. Mounting bracket; 7. Monitoring components; 71. Circuit board one; 72. Central processing chip; 73. Storage chip; 74. Integrator chip; 75. Non-signal communication chip; 76. Protective capacitor; 77. Protective diode; 78. Constant voltage regulator; 8. Heat-absorbing fins; 9. Heat-absorbing assembly; 10. Transducer assembly; 101. Circuit board two; 102. Pulse transformer; 103. Clock chip; 104. Energy storage capacitor; 105. Voltage regulator chip; 106. Microcontroller; 107. IGBT T-switch; 109. TVS diode; 110. Rectifier bridge; 30. Coupling capacitor; 11. Nanocrystalline iron ring; 12. Pulse generator; 13. Current sensor; 14. Top cover; 15. Insulation kit; 16. Encapsulation body; 17. Connecting cover; 18. Electrode; 19. Resistance valve plate; 191. Valve plate body; 192. Network tube; 193. Repair fluid; 20. FBG temperature sensor; 21. Grounding wire; 22. Pulse wire; 23. Cooling water storage tank; 24. Heat sink; 25. Connecting pipe; 26. Miniature water pump; 27. Radiator; 271. Fan; 28. Photovoltaic module; 111. Secondary coil; 222. Shielding partition; 333. Surge arrester body. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Please see Figure 1-7 This invention provides a technical solution comprising a base 1 and a surge arrester body 333. Crossarm mounting brackets 2 are connected to both sides of the base 1. A heat dissipation shell 3 is connected to the top of the base 1. An anti-interference shell 4 is connected inside the heat dissipation shell 3. A heat-absorbing insulating partition 5 is connected between the inner walls of the anti-interference shell 4. A mounting bracket 6 is connected to the top of the heat-absorbing insulating partition 5. A monitoring component 7 is connected to the top inner side of the mounting bracket 6. A heat-absorbing fin 8 is connected to the bottom inner side of the mounting bracket 6. A heat-absorbing component 9 is connected to the bottom of the heat-absorbing insulating partition 5. As shown in the attached drawings, a heat-conducting aluminum sheet is connected between the inner sides of the heat-absorbing component 9 to transfer heat from the transducer component 10 to the heat-absorbing insulating partition 5. The transducer component 10 is connected to the bottom of the heat-absorbing component 9. A nanocrystalline iron ring 11 is connected to the center of the bottom of the heat-absorbing component 9. A pulse generator 12 is installed inside the anti-interference shell 4. A current sensor 13 is connected to one side of the mounting bracket 6. A top cover 14 is connected to the top of the heat dissipation housing 3 and the anti-interference housing 4. The top cover 14 is connected to the surge arrester body 333. A grounding wire 21 is connected to the bottom of the surge arrester body 333. A cooling water storage tank 23 and a flow guide 27 are connected to the top of the crossarm mounting bracket 2 on the left side. A heat sink 24 is connected to the inside of the cooling water storage tank 23. Two connecting pipes 25 are connected to one side of the anti-interference housing 4. The other end of each connecting pipe 25 is connected to the heat sink 24. A fan 271 is connected to the inside of the flow guide 27. A photovoltaic module 28 is connected to the top of another crossarm mounting bracket 2. The photovoltaic module 28 includes a photovoltaic panel, an adapter energy storage capacitor, an MPPT chip, a MOSFET, and a freewheeling diode. It is electrically connected to the fan 271. Since this is a mature existing technology, it is not described in detail in the manual.

[0027] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the surface of the nanocrystalline iron ring 11 is wound with multiple turns of secondary coil 111. One end of the grounding wire 21 passes through the current sensor 13 and the center of the nanocrystalline iron ring 11 and is connected to the grounding grid. Through the setting of multiple secondary coils 111, the multiple wound secondary coils 111 obtain sufficient voltage. When current flows through the grounding wire 21, current will be induced in the nanocrystalline iron ring 11. After rectification and voltage regulation, it can power the pulse generator 12. The nanocrystalline iron ring 11 uses nanocrystals with high magnetic permeability. This material can effectively induce energy even under small currents in the mA range.

[0028] Reference Figure 3 As shown, a shielding partition 222 is connected between the inner walls of the anti-interference housing 4. A pulse generator 12 is connected to the bottom of the shielding partition 222. A pulse wire 22 is connected to one side of the pulse generator 12, and the other end of the pulse wire 22 is connected to the bottom of the arrester body 333. Through the shielding partition 222, the pulse generator 12 and the transducer assembly 10 above it can be effectively isolated, which achieves the anti-interference effect. The pulse generator 12 sends pulses to the arrester body 333 through the pulse wire 22.

[0029] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the surge arrester body 333 includes an encapsulation body 16. Both ends of the encapsulation body 16 are connected to a connecting cover 17. Electrodes 18 are connected to the sides of the connecting covers 17 that are close to each other, and bolts are connected to the ends of the electrodes 18 that are far apart from each other. Multiple sets of resistor valve plates 19 are connected between the electrodes 18. An insulating kit 15 is connected to the inside of the top cover 14. The bolt at one end of the lower electrode 18 is connected to the insulating kit 15, the grounding wire 21, and the pulse wire 22. An insulating ceramic sheet is connected between the grounding wire 21 and the pulse wire 22. The connecting cover 17 is fixedly installed at both ends of the encapsulation body 16 using nuts and washers. The current enters the encapsulation body 16 through the upper electrode 18, passes through each resistor valve plate 19, and then flows into the grounding wire 21 through the lower electrode 18 and into the ground. This principle is the same as that of existing zinc oxide surge arresters.

[0030] An FBG temperature sensor 20 is connected to the inner side of the lower connecting cover 17. The FBG temperature sensor 20 is electrically connected to the monitoring component 7. The detection end of the FBG temperature sensor 20 is embedded inside the package 16. The FBG temperature sensor 20 monitors the temperature of the resistor valve 1919 inside 333 and 16. Aging will cause increased power consumption, resulting in abnormal overall temperature rise, and the temperature information will be transmitted to the monitoring component 7.

[0031] Reference Figure 5As shown, the monitoring component 7 includes a circuit board 71. A central processing chip 72, a storage chip 73, an integrator chip 74, a communication chip 75, a protection capacitor 76, a protection diode 77, and a constant voltage regulator 78 are connected to one side of the circuit board 71. The central processing chip 72, storage chip 73, integrator chip 74, communication chip 75, protection capacitor 76, protection diode 77, and constant voltage regulator 78 are electrically connected. The monitoring component 7 is electrically connected to the transducer component 10 and the current sensor 13. The integrator chip 74 integrates an integrator, amplifier, and filter, processes the information detected by the current sensor 13 and the FBG temperature sensor 20, and transmits it to the central processing chip 72, thereby enabling real-time reception and processing of incoming current. Data from sensor 13 and FBG temperature sensor 20 are stored via storage chip 73. Current sensor 13 detects the resistive current component (Ir). The magnitude of Ir is the most direct and sensitive indicator of the aging degree of MOA. In the early stage of aging, Ir will show a slow but continuous increasing trend. Historical data of Ir and temperature are continuously tracked to establish a baseline. When the value exceeds the baseline and shows a statistically significant upward trend, it can be determined that the aging process has started, rather than a momentary interference. The device status, diagnostic results, repair event records, etc. are uploaded to the remote monitoring platform through wireless communication chip 75 to realize predictive maintenance. At the same time, based on the monitoring data, it can be determined to start the transducer component 10 to trigger the pulse generator 12. Multiple warning thresholds can be set in advance.

[0032] Reference Figure 6As shown, the transducer assembly 10 includes a second circuit board 101. The top of the second circuit board 101 is connected to the second circuit board 101, a pulse transformer 102, a clock chip 103, an energy storage capacitor 104, a voltage regulator chip 105, a microcontroller 106, an IGBT switch 107, a TVS diode 109, and a coupling capacitor 30. The rectifier bridge 110, energy storage capacitor 104, voltage regulator chip 105, and TVS diode 109 are electrically connected to the secondary coil 111. When the Ir value exceeds a certain proportion of the initial value and continues to increase, it is determined that the pulse generator 12 needs to be activated. When current flows through the ground wire 21, the nanocrystalline iron ring 11 and the secondary coil 111 can obtain energy from it. The rectifier bridge 110 rectifies the AC current induced by the coil into DC current, and then charges the energy storage capacitor 104. The voltage regulator chip 105 provides stable power. A 3.3V or 5V voltage is supplied to the microcontroller 106 and its own circuit. After charging is complete, the microcontroller 106 controls the IGBT switch 107 to turn on instantaneously, thereby triggering the pulse generator 12 to generate a precise DC or unidirectional pulse with negative polarity (relative to the positive half-wave of the power frequency voltage), controllable amplitude (usually below 1kV), and millisecond-level pulse width. This pulse is applied to the ground terminal of the surge arrester body 333 through the coupling capacitor 30 (e.g., a simple LC circuit) and the pulse wire 22. At this time, the voltage across the surge arrester body 333 is instantaneously the superposition of the "system power frequency voltage" and the "reverse pulse voltage", forming a strong reverse electric field. The TVS diode 109 prevents the induced voltage from burning out the downstream circuit when the system is overvoltaged. The applied reverse pulse electric field provides the opposite driving force, forcing (such as oxygen vacancies Vo) to... ++ Zinc interstitial Zn + These migrated ions "return" to their original positions or more stable states. The repositioning of ions helps to rebuild or strengthen the Schottky barrier at the grain boundary, thereby restoring its nonlinear resistive characteristics. This is manifested as a decrease in the measured resistive current Ir. After the pulse ends, the Ir value is monitored again to verify the activation effect. Multiple low-intensity pulse cycles can be set to achieve the best effect. The clock chip 103 can timestamp the operation of the transducer 10 and the pulse generator 12 for easy recording and analysis.

[0033] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the resistance valve 19 includes a valve body 191, with a mesh tube 192 inside the valve body 191. The mesh tube 192 is filled with a repair fluid 193. The resistance valve 19 can be manufactured using the following methods:

[0034] Step 1: Prepare two types of "inks": one is ZnO ceramic ink (containing ZnO powder, binder, and solvent), and the other is sacrificial material ink (the core and key component), used to print the shape of the stencil tube 192;

[0035] Step 2: Using a 3D printer, first print the designed 3D mesh tube 192 shape with sacrificial ink;

[0036] Step 3: Print the overall shape of the valve body 191 around the sacrificial network structure using ZnO ceramic ink;

[0037] Step 4: Low-temperature curing of the entire structure to give the green body a certain strength;

[0038] Step 5: Thermal degradation. The part is heated to a moderate temperature (e.g., 300-500°C). At this temperature, the sacrificial material ink will completely decompose into gas and evaporate, leaving the hollow mesh tube 192.

[0039] Step 6: Perform high-temperature sintering to densify the ZnO ceramic particles and form the valve plate body 191.

[0040] The following materials can be used to sacrifice ink:

[0041] Agarose, gelatin, and certain thermoplastic polymers (such as PMMA). These materials have rheological properties that can be precisely controlled by adjusting the formulation, making them suitable for printing and capable of clean thermal decomposition.

[0042] Repair solution 193 uses a cyanoacrylate (CA) system, which has low viscosity, flows easily in capillaries, and is anaerobic. It is very stable in closed blood vessels and can be stored for a long time. Once 191 breaks, repair solution 193 comes into contact with trace amounts of water molecules (moisture) in the air and immediately undergoes an ionic polymerization reaction, quickly curing into a hard solid (i.e., the principle of "fast-drying adhesive"). At the same time, the cured cyanoacrylate polymer is an excellent insulating material.

[0043] Reference Figure 7As shown, the heat-absorbing insulating partition 5 includes a non-porous alumina partition 51 and a connecting plug 53 connected to one side of the anti-interference housing 4. A heat exchange circuit 52 is formed inside the non-porous alumina partition 51. Both ends of the heat exchange circuit 52 are connected to the corresponding connecting plug 53. A connecting pipe 25 is connected to the heat exchange circuit 52 through the connecting plug 53. One end of one connecting pipe 25 is connected to a miniature water pump 26. The miniature water pump 26 draws cooling water from the cooling water storage tank 23 through the connecting pipe 25 and discharges it into the heat exchange circuit 52. After the cooling water enters the heat exchange circuit 52, it will... The heat is absorbed by the heat-absorbing insulating partition 5, which absorbs heat from the anti-interference housing 4. The heat-absorbing fins 8 and heat-absorbing components 9 help increase the heat absorption area. At the same time, this method effectively ensures the airtightness of the anti-interference housing 4. After the cooling water has traveled through the heat exchange circuit 52, it will flow back to the cooling water storage tank 23 through another set of connecting pipes 25. The heat sink 24 will cool the cooling water in the cooling water storage tank 23. Meanwhile, the photovoltaic module 28 can function for the fan 271 and the micro water pump 26, which truly achieves the effect of energy saving and environmental protection, while ensuring the cooling effect of the cooling water.

[0044] The implementation principle of this application is as follows: During use, the current sensor 13 and the FBG temperature sensor 20 monitor the arrester body 333 in real time. The monitoring component 7 receives monitoring information in real time, thereby monitoring the aging of the arrester body 333. An internally preset trigger pulse generator 12 is activated. The transducer component 10, in conjunction with the nanocrystalline iron ring 11 and the secondary coil 111, can obtain and store energy from the grounding wire 21 to start the pulse generator 12. The pulse is then output to the arrester body via the pulse conductor 22. The body 333 is grounded, thus completing the function of "actively inhibiting aging". At the same time, when the valve body 191 cracks, the internal repair fluid 193 can automatically repair the crack in time, improving the safety of use. The micro water pump 26 can draw out the cooling water in the cooling water storage tank 23 and output it to the heat exchange ripple 52 to absorb the heat in the anti-interference shell 4 and avoid the internal temperature from being too high. At the same time, the cooling water after absorbing heat can be circulated back into the cooling water storage tank 23 and cooled down by heat dissipation fins 24 and fan 271.

[0045] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0046] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function, comprising a base (1) and a surge arrester body (333), characterized in that: A crossbeam mounting bracket (2) is connected to both sides of the base (1). A heat dissipation shell (3) is connected to the top of the base (1). An anti-interference shell (4) is connected inside the heat dissipation shell (3). A heat-absorbing insulating partition (5) is connected between the inner walls of the anti-interference shell (4). A mounting bracket (6) is connected to the top of the heat-absorbing insulating partition (5). A monitoring component (7) is connected to the top of the inner side of the mounting bracket (6). A heat-absorbing fin (8) is connected to the bottom of the inner side of the mounting bracket (6). A heat-absorbing component (9) is connected to the bottom of the heat-absorbing insulating partition (5). A transducer component (10) is connected to the bottom of the heat-absorbing component (9). A nanocrystalline iron ring (11) is connected to the center of the bottom of the heat-absorbing component (9). A pulse generator (12) is installed inside the anti-interference shell (4). A mounting bracket (6) is connected to one side of the base (1). A current sensor (13) is installed. A top cover (14) is connected to the top of the heat dissipation housing (3) and the anti-interference housing (4). The top cover (14) is connected to the main body of the surge arrester (333). A grounding wire (21) is connected to the bottom of the main body of the surge arrester (333). A cooling water storage tank (23) and a flow guide (27) are connected to the top of the crossarm mounting bracket (2) on the left side. A heat sink (24) is connected to the inside of the cooling water storage tank (23). Two connecting pipes (25) are connected to one side of the anti-interference housing (4). The other end of each connecting pipe (25) is connected to the heat sink (24). A fan (271) is connected to the inside of the flow guide (27). A photovoltaic module (28) is connected to the top of the other crossarm mounting bracket (2). The photovoltaic module (28) is electrically connected to the fan (271).

2. A zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the nanocrystalline iron ring (11) is wound with multiple turns of secondary coil (111), and one end of the grounding wire (21) passes through the current sensor (13) and the center of the nanocrystalline iron ring (11) and is connected to the grounding grid.

3. A zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shielding partition (222) is connected between the inner walls of the anti-interference housing (4). The pulse generator (12) is connected to the bottom of the shielding partition (222). A pulse wire (22) is connected to one side of the pulse generator (12). The other end of the pulse wire (22) is connected to the bottom of the arrester body (333).

4. A zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surge arrester body (333) includes an encapsulation body (16), with connecting covers (17) connected to both ends of the encapsulation body (16). Electrodes (18) are connected to the side of the connecting covers (17) that are close to each other, and bolts are connected to the side of the electrodes (18) that are far apart from each other. Multiple sets of resistance valve plates (19) are connected between the electrodes (18). An insulating kit (15) is connected to the inside of the top cover (14). The bolt at one end of the lower electrode (18) is connected to the insulating kit (15), the grounding wire (21), and the pulse wire (22). An insulating ceramic sheet is connected between the grounding wire (21) and the pulse wire (22).

5. A zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to claim 4, characterized in that: An FBG temperature sensor (20) is connected to the inside of the lower connecting cover (17). The FBG temperature sensor (20) is electrically connected to the monitoring component (7). The detection end of the FBG temperature sensor (20) is embedded inside the package (16).

6. A zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to claim 5, characterized in that: The monitoring component (7) includes a circuit board (71). A central processing chip (72), a storage chip (73), an integrator chip (74), a non-signal communication chip (75), a protection capacitor (76), a protection diode (77), and a constant voltage generator (78) are connected to one side of the circuit board (71). The central processing chip (72), the storage chip (73), the integrator chip (74), the non-signal communication chip (75), the protection capacitor (76), the protection diode (77), and the constant voltage generator (78) are electrically connected. The monitoring component (7) is electrically connected to the transducer component (10) and the current sensor (13).

7. A zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transducer assembly (10) includes a second circuit board (101), on the top of which are connected a rectifier bridge (110), a pulse transformer (102), a clock chip (103), an energy storage capacitor (104), a voltage regulator chip (105), a microcontroller (106), an IGBT switch (107), a TVS diode (109), and a coupling capacitor (30). The rectifier bridge (110), the energy storage capacitor (104), the voltage regulator chip (105), and the TVS diode (109) are electrically connected to the secondary coil (111).

8. A zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to claim 4, characterized in that: The resistance valve (19) includes a valve body (191), and a mesh tube (192) is provided inside the valve body (191). The mesh tube (192) is filled with a repair fluid (193).

9. A zinc oxide surge arrester with self-healing function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-absorbing insulating partition (5) includes a non-porous alumina partition (51) and a connecting plug (53) connected to one side of the anti-interference housing (4). A heat exchange plate (52) is opened on the inner side of the non-porous alumina partition (51). The two ends of the heat exchange plate (52) are connected to the corresponding connecting plug (53). The connecting pipe (25) is connected to the heat exchange plate (52) through the connecting plug (53). One end of one of the connecting pipes (25) is connected to a micro water pump (26).

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