Ship closed-loop power grid protection constant value switching method based on running state adaptive matching

Abstract

The invention relates to a ship closed-loop power grid protection constant value switching method based on operation state adaptive matching, and the method comprises the steps: dividing a system working condition into a plurality of state clusters in an offline state, enabling each state cluster to comprise a plurality of system operation working conditions with similar characteristics, sharing a set of protection constant values, and carrying out the offline calculation of the protection constant value for each state cluster; during online operation, the system operation state is detected in real time, and when the system operation state enters another state cluster from one state cluster, the protection constant value is switched in real time; in an off-line state, two groups of time delays are configured for each element switch, the first group of time delays is adopted when a system operates normally, a fault area is positioned through a matrix algorithm when a fault occurs, and the switch time delay closest to the fault area is switched into the second group of shorter time delays, so that the switch is tripped to isolate the fault after the short time delays. The problem that a traditional protection setting method is difficult to ensure sensitivity and selectivity under a closed-loop power grid structure is solved, and real-time matching and online adjustment of a protection setting value and an operation mode are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ship electrical system protection, and specifically to a method for switching protection settings of a ship closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating conditions. Background Technology

[0002] AC dual power stations, closed-loop power grid topology with two generating units per station, as shown in the example Figure 1 As shown. The current traditional protection setting scheme is as follows: The backup protection time setting principle for traditional open-loop networks is that when a three-phase or two-phase short-circuit fault occurs in the power grid and the main protection fails to operate, the short-delay protection will adopt a time-delay action strategy: the load circuit breaker will operate first, followed by the jumper circuit breaker, then the bus tie circuit breaker, and finally the generator circuit breaker. The setting principle is that the generator, bus tie, and jumper short-delay setting values ​​are set according to 2.56 times the rated current of a single generator set; the load short-delay setting value is set according to 2.56 times the rated current of the load.

[0003] Traditional protection setting schemes are not entirely applicable to closed-loop power grid topologies. While improving the reliability and safety of the ship's power system, the closed-loop operation mode also increases its operational complexity. During closed-loop operation, issues such as bidirectional power flow and bidirectional power generation arise, posing challenges to traditional protection setting schemes for ship power systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a protection setting method suitable for ship closed-loop power grids, aiming to achieve real-time matching and online adjustment of protection settings with the operating mode.

[0004] In existing related technologies, such as patent document (CN113422346A), a ship protection system for mixed use of high-power, non-standard generator sets is disclosed. Although it can switch multiple sets of protection settings, it is mainly designed for open-loop or simple topology structures and does not consider special issues such as bidirectional power flow in ship closed-loop power grids. Furthermore, the protection delay strategy is not optimized for closed-loop faults, making it difficult to adapt to complex closed-loop operating conditions. Patent document (CN114640094A) discloses an adaptive setting method for distribution line protection settings based on intelligent interconnection switches. This method is applied to distribution lines but does not address the special operating conditions of ship closed-loop power grids. Its protection logic and topology analysis are not applicable to the complex closed-loop structure of ships, and the delay calculation does not consider the influence of bidirectional current in the ship's closed loop, making it unsuitable for direct application to ship closed-loop power grids.

[0005] Furthermore, when a fault is detected in the line or the load circuit breaker fails to operate, the traditional time-based setting principle lacks selectivity, making it difficult to guarantee the improved reliability of the closed-loop power supply network. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a protection setting method suitable for shipboard closed-loop power grids, aiming to achieve real-time matching and online adjustment of protection settings and operating modes. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The problem this invention aims to solve is to propose a method for switching protection settings in a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating conditions, with the goal of achieving real-time matching and online adjustment of protection settings and operating modes. Under closed-loop operation, the operating conditions of ships are more variable, and the direction of power flow is more complex. Problems such as bidirectional power flow and bidirectional power flow cause the short-circuit current flowing through the lines to become shunt, leading to a decrease in protection sensitivity.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is: a method for switching protection settings of a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating states, comprising:

[0008] (1) Protection setting method: In the offline state, based on the distribution law of short-circuit current in the ship power supply network, the system operating conditions are divided into several state clusters. Each state cluster contains multiple system operating conditions with similar characteristics and shares a set of protection settings. The protection settings are calculated offline for each state cluster. When running online, the system operating status is detected in real time. When the system operating status changes from one state cluster to another, the protection settings are switched in real time.

[0009] (2) Protection delay method: In the offline state, two sets of delays are configured for each component switch. When the system is running normally, each component switch uses the first set of delays. When a fault occurs, the protection uses a matrix algorithm to locate the fault area and switches the delay of the switch closest to the fault area to the second set of shorter delays, so that it trips and isolates the fault after a short delay.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for switching protection settings in the offline state includes: establishing a switch array corresponding to each operating condition of the system, obtaining the minimum short-circuit current of the system when each operating condition fails from each switch array, grouping the operating conditions with the same minimum short-circuit current into a group to form several operating condition groups, obtaining the grouping results, and equipping each group of operating conditions with a set of settings.

[0011] Furthermore, in the step of establishing the switch array corresponding to each operating condition of the system, the elements in the switch array are 0 or 1, representing the switch open and closed positions, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, in the step of calculating the protection settings offline for each state cluster, the protection settings include the overcurrent protection setting values ​​of the cross-line circuit breaker and the overcurrent protection setting values ​​of the bus tie circuit breaker, and the calculation is based on the minimum short-circuit current when the operating condition is faulty within the state cluster.

[0013] Furthermore, the method for switching protection settings during online operation includes: storing the switch array X1 corresponding to the set value group currently in use in the station domain control unit; the integrated protection device collects local analog signals and circuit breaker position signals, completes switch status identification, and uploads them to the station domain control unit; the station domain control unit forms a real-time switch status array based on the received information, and searches for the positions of switch arrays X2 and X1 in the previously stored switch array corresponding status cluster table.

[0014] Furthermore, if switch arrays X2 and X1 are located in different state clusters, the station control unit sends a protection setting group switching command to the integrated protection device and simultaneously sets X1 = X2; otherwise, it does not send a command.

[0015] Furthermore, in the step of configuring two sets of delays for each component switch in the offline state, the first set of delays is configured according to the traditional time delay strategy, and the second set of delays is a uniform shorter time.

[0016] Furthermore, the step of locating the fault area by the matrix algorithm when a fault occurs includes: the station control unit forms a network topology matrix and a fault information matrix based on the fault current direction information uploaded by the integrated protection device, and uses a matrix algorithm to obtain a fault judgment matrix, thereby locating the fault area.

[0017] Furthermore, in the step of switching the delay of the switch closest to the fault area to the second group of shorter delays, only the delay of the switch directly connected to the fault area is switched.

[0018] Furthermore, after switching the protection settings, it is necessary to verify the sensitivity of each operating condition within the state cluster under the set value. For any operating condition, the minimum short-circuit current that occurs in the system when it fails is used for verification. For all operating conditions within a state cluster, only the operating condition with the minimum operating mode is verified.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. This invention proposes a method for switching protection settings in a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating states. By dividing the system into state clusters and configuring corresponding protection settings for each cluster, precise matching between protection settings and system operating conditions is achieved, solving the problem of insufficient protection sensitivity caused by the variable operating states of the ship's closed-loop power grid. Two sets of delay switching strategies are employed to ensure protection selectivity during normal operation and to quickly isolate faults during faults, improving the response speed and reliability of the protection. A matrix algorithm is used to locate the fault region, improving the accuracy and efficiency of fault location and providing a reliable basis for rapid switching delays. Sensitivity verification is performed only on the operating condition with the minimum operating mode within the state cluster, reducing the verification workload while ensuring protection reliability and improving system efficiency.

[0021] 2. The technical approach of this invention mainly involves offline calculation of multiple sets of setting values, followed by online switching of these values ​​based on the system's operating status. This method effectively solves the problem of insufficient selectivity and sensitivity of traditional open-loop protection methods in closed-loop topologies. By fully utilizing the electrical status information of the entire network and adapting to changes in ring network topology and operating modes, it addresses the difficulty of ensuring sensitivity and selectivity in closed-loop power grid structures through traditional protection setting methods, particularly in setting and distribution. This achieves real-time matching and online adjustment of protection settings and operating modes. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a closed-loop power grid topology diagram of AC dual power stations with two generating units per station.

[0023] Figure 2 It is an online setpoint switching adaptive protection system architecture;

[0024] Figure 3 This is the flowchart for the offline portion;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the online switching process;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the open-loop operation of the two generating units;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the switching conditions within a state cluster;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-state cluster switching operation.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a fault in busbar B11 (area e2);

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the protection delay for switching the switch connected to area e2 after fault location. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the adaptive protection architecture includes the following key components:

[0033] (1) The integrated protection device at the bay level completes the comprehensive identification of the local switch status. When no system fault occurs, the integrated protection device collects local analog signals and switch position signals to complete the switch status identification and uploads them to the station control unit; when a system fault occurs, the integrated protection device collects the fault current direction information at the local switch and uploads it to the station control unit.

[0034] (2) The station control unit performs a station-wide topology analysis and issues commands for switching protection settings and delay values. The station control unit establishes communication with all integrated protection devices within the station to complete the station-wide topology analysis; based on the analysis results, it generates commands for switching protection settings and delay values.

[0035] (3) The protection setting switching is completed online by the integrated protection device at the bay level. The integrated protection device determines the setting switching conditions, and when the conditions are met, the setting switching is completed online.

[0036] The ship closed-loop power grid protection setting switching method based on operating state adaptive matching proposes improvement measures in terms of protection setting value and time delay to address the shortcomings in both sensitivity and timeliness.

[0037] Regarding protection settings, in offline mode, the system operating conditions are divided into several clusters based on the short-circuit current distribution pattern of the ship's power supply network. Each cluster contains multiple system operating conditions with similar characteristics, and they share a set of protection settings. Protection settings are calculated offline for each system cluster. In real-time operation, the protection system continuously monitors the system's operating status. When the system's operating status transitions from one cluster to another, the protection settings are switched in real-time to maintain optimal protection operation.

[0038] Regarding protection delay, two sets of delays are configured for each component switch in offline mode. During normal system operation, each component switch adopts the first set of delays configured according to the traditional time delay strategy; when a fault occurs, the protection uses a matrix algorithm to locate the fault area and switches the delay of the switch closest to the fault area to the second set of shorter delays, so that it trips and isolates the fault after a short delay.

[0039] (I) Protection Setting Value Switching Logic

[0040] The offline implementation steps are as follows:

[0041] (1) Establish the switch arrays corresponding to each operating condition of the system, and obtain the minimum short-circuit current I of the system when each operating condition fails. k1 I k2 ...;

[0042] (2) The operating conditions with the same minimum short-circuit current are grouped together to form several groups of operating conditions;

[0043] (3) Obtain the grouping results and equip each group of working conditions with a set of tuning values.

[0044] Overall process available Figure 3 express.

[0045] The station control unit constructs a switch array from the real-time received switch signals and compares it with a pre-stored switch array to perform situational analysis. When it detects a mismatch between the real-time system topology and the current setpoint group, it issues a setpoint group switching command to complete situational prediction. The online implementation steps are as follows:

[0046] (1) When the system is running, the station domain control unit stores the switch array X1 corresponding to the set value group that is currently in use.

[0047] (2) The integrated protection device collects local analog signals and circuit breaker position signals, completes switch status identification, and uploads them to the station control unit.

[0048] (3) The station control unit forms a real-time switch status array X2 based on the switch status information provided by the integrated protection device, and searches for the positions of arrays X2 and X1 in the previously stored switch array corresponding status cluster table. If the two arrays are in different status clusters, the station control unit sends a protection setting group switching command to the integrated protection device and sets X1 = X2; otherwise, it does not send a command.

[0049] Overall process available Figure 4 express.

[0050] (II) Protection Delay Value Switching Logic

[0051] Two delay groups are configured in the integrated protection device of each switch. Overcurrent protection for all switches uses delay group 1. When a system fault occurs, the station control unit sends a switching delay command to the protection closest to the fault area, switching its delay group to delay group 2. Delay group 1 for each switch can be configured according to the protection time setting principles in Table 1, and delay group 2 is configured with all values ​​set to t. D In an AC dual-power station topology with two generating units per station, the two delay groups of each switch are configured as shown in the table below.

[0052] Table 1. Delay groups corresponding to switches in different positions.

[0053]

[0054] As can be seen from the table, since the delay is the shortest when the load-side switch is running normally, no switching delay is required when the protection detects a load fault.

[0055] The online implementation steps are as follows:

[0056] (1) When the system is running, each component switch adopts the first set of delays configured according to the traditional time delay strategy.

[0057] (2) The integrated protection device collects local analog signals and circuit breaker position signals, completes switch status identification, and uploads them to the station control unit.

[0058] (3) When a fault occurs, the station control unit forms a network topology matrix and a fault information matrix based on the switch status information provided by the integrated protection device, and uses a matrix algorithm to obtain a fault judgment matrix, completes fault location, and switches the delay of the switch closest to the fault area to the second group of shorter delays, so that it trips and isolates the fault after a short delay.

[0059] Example:

[0060] A closed-loop power grid topology with two AC power plants and two generating units per plant. Figure 1 Taking (e.g.) as an example, the specific implementation process of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0061] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment divides the operating conditions and sets protection settings for the AC dual-power station and the two generating units per power station. See the specific topology in [link to topology description]. Figure 1 The minimum short-circuit current of the system under various operating conditions can be extracted from the switch state array. This is relevant when the AC dual-power station, with two generating units per station, operates in open-loop condition. Figure 5 Show.

[0062] All switches in the diagram are closed. The switch state array for this operating condition can be represented as follows:

[0063]

[0064] In the array, 0 represents the switch open position and 1 represents the switch closed position. Since the switches at both ends of the cross line open and close synchronously, they can be represented by a single position in the array. G, B, and L represent the corresponding generator, bus tie, and cross line switch, respectively.

[0065] In the offline tuning calculation, the arrays for each working condition of the topology are first established according to the array format constructed above, as shown in the table below (only some working conditions are shown).

[0066] Table 2 Switch arrays corresponding to each operating condition

[0067] System operating conditions switch array Four generating units in closed-loop operation condition [1，1，1，1，1，1，1，1，1，1，1，1] Dual-unit closed-loop operation condition [1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，1] Single unit closed-loop operation condition [1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，0，0，0，1] Four generating units in open-loop operation condition [1，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，1] Dual-unit open-loop operation condition [1，0，0，1，0，1，1，0，1，0，0，1] … …

[0068] By determining the states of switches G1, G2, G3, and G4 in the above array, the number of generators currently in operation can be determined. Multiplying the number of generators in operation by the short-circuit current provided by a single generator yields the total system fault current. As previously analyzed, in an AC dual-station topology with two generating units per station, the short-circuit current provided by a single generator during a phase-to-phase fault is 1320.51A (approximately 3.2 times the rated current). Similarly, by determining the states of switches B1, B2, L1, and L2 in the above array, the open / closed loop status of the current operation can be determined. The system is considered closed-loop only when all four switches are at state 1; otherwise, it is open-loop. Therefore, the short-circuit currents provided by the generators on bus 1 and bus 2 can be defined as I0 and I0, respectively. kB1 IkB2 The open-loop and closed-loop states of the system are defined as c. Based on the above definition, I can be extracted from the switch state array. kB1 I kB2 c and c are respectively

[0069]

[0070] At this point, the open / closed-loop status of the system can be determined by judging the state of c. If c is an open loop, the minimum short-circuit current of the system during a fault is the short-circuit current provided by a single generator; if c is a closed loop, I can be selected. kB1 I kB2 Dividing the smaller non-zero bit by 2 yields the minimum short-circuit current of the system during a fault. Here, c is an open-loop circuit, so the minimum short-circuit current of the system during a fault is 1320.51A. Thus, all operating conditions of this topology can be represented by an array, and characteristic factors can be extracted to form a feature array.

[0071] The minimum short-circuit current I of the system during a fault is obtained from the switch array corresponding to each operating condition. k1 I k2 Then, the minimum short-circuit current under the minimum fault condition is obtained, as shown in Table 3 below.

[0072] Table 3 Minimum short-circuit current for each operating condition.

[0073] System operating conditions Minimum short-circuit current Four generating units in closed-loop operation condition 1320.51A Dual-unit closed-loop operation condition 660.26A Single unit closed-loop operation condition 660.26A Four generating units in open-loop operation condition 1320.51A Dual-unit open-loop operation condition 1320.51A … …

[0074] As the previous analysis of the topology shows, the minimum short-circuit current for each operating condition in this topology has only two possibilities: 660.26A and 1320.51A. Therefore, the number of partitions is set to 2, and the system operating conditions are divided into 2 state clusters according to the minimum short-circuit current.

[0075] Table 4. State Clusters Corresponding to Each Operating Condition

[0076] State cluster 1 State cluster 2 Single unit closed-loop operation condition Four generating units in closed-loop operation condition Dual-unit closed-loop operation condition Four generating units in open-loop operation condition … Dual-unit open-loop operation condition … …

[0077] All operating conditions within each state cluster share a set of constants. The set of constants corresponding to each state cluster can be obtained according to the calculation method, as shown in the table below.

[0078] Table 5. Fixed value groups corresponding to each state cluster.

[0079] State cluster 1 State cluster 2 [527.87A, 527.87A] [1055.74A, 1055.74A]

[0080] The first value in the setting group is the overcurrent protection setting value for the cross-line circuit breaker, and the second value is the overcurrent protection setting value for the bus tie circuit breaker. Table 5 is stored in the integrated protection device. Combining Tables 2 and 4, the array of operating condition switches included in each state cluster is shown in the following table.

[0081] Table 6 shows the state clusters corresponding to each switch array.

[0082] State cluster 1 State cluster 2 [1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1] [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1] [1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1] [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1] … [1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1] … …

[0083] Table 6 is stored in the station control unit. After calculating the setting value for each state cluster, the sensitivity of each operating condition within the state cluster under that setting value needs to be verified to ensure that all operating conditions within the state cluster are compatible with that setting value. For any operating condition, the minimum short-circuit current that occurs in the system during a fault can be used for sensitivity verification. For all operating conditions within a state cluster, since the minimum short-circuit current that occurs in the system during a fault is the same, only the operating condition with the lowest operating mode (fewest generators) needs to be verified.

[0084] In state cluster 1, the single-unit closed-loop operation condition represents the minimum operating mode. Under this condition, when a two-phase short circuit occurs on the busbar, the minimum short-circuit current flowing through the cross-line and bus tie switches is 660.26A. Therefore, the sensitivities of the cross-line and bus tie circuit breakers at this time are as follows:

[0085]

[0086] In state cluster 2, the single-unit open-loop operation condition represents the minimum operating mode. Under this condition, when a two-phase short circuit occurs on the busbar, the minimum short-circuit current flowing through the cross-line and bus tie circuit breakers is 1320.51A. Therefore, the sensitivities of the cross-line and bus tie circuit breakers at this time are as follows:

[0087]

[0088] The following section provides an example of the online switching settings for AC dual power stations with two generating units per station.

[0089] During ship navigation, assuming the system is operating in a dual-unit open-loop mode at a certain moment, the switch array X1 corresponds to state cluster 2, and the switch array X1 is stored in the station domain centralized control unit. For example... Figure 7 As shown, when the system switches from the open-loop operation of two units to the closed-loop operation of four units, the station control unit constructs a real-time switch status array X2 based on the switch status information collected by the integrated protection device. At the same time, it finds that arrays X2 and X1 are in the same status cluster in the corresponding status cluster table of the switch array. At this time, there is no need to switch the setting group.

[0090] When the system switches from a four-unit closed-loop operation mode to a single-unit closed-loop operation mode, the following occurs: Figure 8As shown. At this time, the station control unit constructs a real-time switch status array X2 based on the switch status information collected by the integrated protection device. Simultaneously, it searches the corresponding status cluster table for the switch arrays and finds that arrays X2 and X1 are located in different status clusters. The station control unit sends a protection setting group switching command to the integrated protection device. The integrated protection device switches the setting group to the setting group corresponding to status cluster 1 to which X2 belongs, and simultaneously sets X1 = X2.

[0091] In summary, the ship closed-loop power grid protection setting switching method based on adaptive matching of operating conditions meets the protection sensitivity requirements.

[0092] The following is an example of an AC dual-power station with two generating units per station and an online switching delay group.

[0093] Under the closed-loop operation of the four generating units, the short-circuit current distribution during a fault on bus B11 (area e2) is as follows: Figure 9 .

[0094] At this point, the system operating conditions remain unchanged, so the network topology connection is obtained as the network topology matrix D. From the reference directions of each component and the direction of the short-circuit current in the figure, it can be seen that the fault information matrix G becomes g = [-1 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0-1 1 1]. T

[0095] The fault judgment matrix F is as follows:

[0096]

[0097] In this matrix, only the non-zero elements in the second row are all 1, which means the fault area e2 is accurately located.

[0098] After locating the fault area, the station control unit sends a switching delay command to the switches (C1, C3, C14) connected to the fault area e2, such as... Figure 9 As shown in the diagram, the switches C1, C3, and C14 connected to the fault area all have a time delay of t. D If the main protection of region e2 fails to operate at this time, then after a delay t D Then, the backup protection action isolates the fault.

[0099] In summary, the present invention achieves adaptive matching between the protection settings and operating status of the ship's closed-loop power grid through the above steps, effectively solving the problems of insufficient sensitivity and selectivity of traditional protection methods in closed-loop power grids, and improving the safety and reliability of the ship's power system.

Claims

1. A method for switching protection settings of a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating conditions, characterized in that, include: (1) Protection setting method: In the offline state, based on the distribution law of short-circuit current in the ship power supply network, the system operating conditions are divided into several state clusters. Each state cluster contains multiple system operating conditions with similar characteristics and shares a set of protection settings. The protection settings are calculated offline for each state cluster. When running online, the system's operating status is monitored in real time, and the protection settings are switched in real time when the system's operating status changes from one state cluster to another. (2) Protection delay method: In the offline state, two sets of delays are configured for each component switch. When the system is running normally, each component switch uses the first set of delays. When a fault occurs, the protection uses a matrix algorithm to locate the fault area and switches the delay of the switch closest to the fault area to the second set of shorter delays, so that it trips and isolates the fault after a short delay.

2. The method for switching protection settings of a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating states as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for switching protection settings in the offline state includes: establishing a switch array corresponding to each operating condition of the system, obtaining the minimum short-circuit current of the system when each operating condition fails from each switch array, grouping the operating conditions with the same minimum short-circuit current into a group to form several operating condition groups, obtaining the grouping results, and equipping each group of operating conditions with a set of settings.

3. The method for switching protection settings of a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating states according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the step of establishing the switch array corresponding to each operating condition of the system, the elements in the switch array are 0 or 1, which respectively represent the switch open and closed positions.

4. The method for switching protection settings of a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating states according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the step of calculating the protection settings offline for each state cluster, the protection settings include the overcurrent protection setting values ​​of the cross-line circuit breaker and the overcurrent protection setting values ​​of the bus tie circuit breaker. The calculation is based on the minimum short-circuit current when the operating condition is faulty within the state cluster.

5. The method for switching protection settings of a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating states according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for switching protection settings during online operation includes: storing the switch array X1 corresponding to the set value group currently in use in the station control unit; the integrated protection device collects local analog signals and circuit breaker position signals, completes switch status identification, and uploads them to the station control unit; the station control unit forms a real-time switch status array based on the received information and searches for the positions of switch arrays X2 and X1 in the previously stored switch array status cluster table.

6. The method for switching protection settings of a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating states according to claim 5, characterized in that, If switch arrays X2 and X1 are located in different state clusters, the station control unit sends a protection setting group switching command to the integrated protection device and simultaneously sets X1 = X2; otherwise, it does not send a command.

7. The method for switching protection settings of a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating states according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step of configuring two sets of delays for each component switch in the offline state, the first set of delays is configured according to the traditional time delay strategy, and the second set of delays is a uniform shorter time.

8. The method for switching protection settings of a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating states according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for the protection system to locate the fault area using a matrix algorithm when a fault occurs include: the station control unit forms a network topology matrix and a fault information matrix based on the fault current direction information uploaded by the integrated protection device, and uses a matrix algorithm to obtain a fault judgment matrix, thereby locating the fault area.

9. The method for switching protection settings of a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating states according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step of switching the delay of the switch closest to the fault area to the second group of shorter delays, only the delay of the switch directly connected to the fault area is switched.

10. The method for switching protection settings of a ship's closed-loop power grid based on adaptive matching of operating states according to claim 1, characterized in that, After switching the protection settings, it is necessary to verify the sensitivity of each operating condition in the state cluster under the set value. For any operating condition, the minimum short-circuit current that occurs in the system when it fails is used for verification. For all operating conditions in a state cluster, only the operating condition with the minimum operating mode is verified.

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