Composite road area mechanical energy conversion and collection device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite road area mechanical energy conversion and collection device and method, and aims at solving the problem that an existing road energy harvesting device is low in energy conversion efficiency. The device comprises a frequency raising mechanism, a piezoelectric unit and an electromagnetic unit. The frequency raising mechanism is composed of a top cover, a wafer, a guide rod, a reset spring and a rotating disc, low-frequency vertical vibration can be converted into high-frequency rotating motion, and the energy collecting efficiency is improved. The piezoelectric unit collects mechanical energy by utilizing a piezoelectric effect, and the electromagnetic unit generates induced electromotive force through relative movement of a magnet and an induction coil. According to the method, when the frequency raising mechanism is pressed, piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy collection is triggered at the same time; when the pressure disappears, the reset spring pushes the mechanism to rebound, and the electromagnetic unit reversely cuts the magnetic induction lines. The composite design combines a piezoelectric energy conversion mechanism and an electromagnetic energy conversion mechanism, the frequency response range is widened, the energy collection efficiency is remarkably improved, and reliable energy support is provided for road low-power-consumption equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road energy harvesting, and specifically to a composite road mechanical energy conversion and harvesting device and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing severity of global warming and oil resource shortages, the search for sustainable, green, and environmentally friendly renewable energy has become a common theme advocated by countries around the world. In the exploration of emerging energy sources, the transportation environment contains a large amount of untapped clean energy, including mechanical energy, thermal energy, solar energy, and wind energy. Among these, road mechanical vibration energy, as one of the most common forms of energy, has a higher energy conversion rate compared to other environmental energy sources. Therefore, this energy has broad application prospects in the future and is expected to replace traditional batteries, providing continuous power for low-power devices and wireless sensors.

[0003] Vehicles traveling on roads cause road surface deformation and vibration. Under heavy loads, the vertical stress in the road surface can exceed 0.5 MPa, and the vertical displacement can approach 1 mm. In recent years, continuous innovation in micro-energy harvesting technology has promoted its widespread application in road environments. Research on the harvesting of road mechanical vibration energy mainly includes electromagnetic, triboelectric, and piezoelectric technologies. These technologies can be used to convert road surface deformation and vibration into electrical energy for power supply or storage.

[0004] However, road energy harvesting devices based on a single physical principle are inefficient in the energy conversion process, generally at the microwatt to milliwatt level. A large amount of energy is dissipated in the form of deformation, heat, etc., and various forms of mechanical energy harvesters have narrow response bandwidth, low sensitivity, and require a large mechanical energy input.

[0005] Patent CN106549625A discloses a composite road surface energy harvesting device. This device employs a composite energy harvesting method to collect various environmental energies, including solar radiation from the road surface, mechanical energy from vehicle axle vibration, and ambient thermal energy, thereby improving the efficiency of the road energy harvesting device in the energy conversion process. However, this method of composite harvesting of multiple environmental energies requires specific conversion for each type of energy, inevitably leading to design complexity. Furthermore, this solution has high environmental requirements; insufficient sunlight or small temperature differences will significantly affect the overall harvesting efficiency, causing fluctuations in energy harvesting efficiency.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need for a technologically improved energy harvesting scheme for high-density energy in road energy harvesting, namely the vibrational mechanical energy caused by road vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection device and method to overcome the shortcomings of existing road energy harvesting devices in terms of low efficiency during energy conversion.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection device, comprising: The frequency upscaling mechanism includes a top cover and a base. The top cover is connected to a circular plate via a guide rod. An outer shell is arranged between the top cover and the base. A piezoelectric energy harvester is arranged on the outer circumference of the upper part of the guide rod, and a return spring is arranged between the guide rod and the piezoelectric energy harvester. A rotating disk is installed around the lower part of the guide rod, and the guide rod is connected to the rotating disk via the circular plate. The rotating disk is rotatably mounted on the base. Piezoelectric units are arranged in the area between the top cover and the outer shell, and several piezoelectric units are stacked to form a piezoelectric energy trap. The electromagnetic unit includes a magnet and an induction coil. The magnet is mounted on a rotating disk, and the induction coil is arranged on the outer casing and wound around the horizontal center of the magnet.

[0009] A bearing is installed between the bottom of the rotating disk and the base.

[0010] The upper end of the guide rod is inserted into the bottom surface of the top cover for fixation. The remaining part of the guide rod that is not fixed into the bottom surface is provided with threads that mesh with the disc. The inner side of the disc meshes with the guide rod, and the bottom surface of the inner side of the disc is fixedly connected to the rotating disk.

[0011] The outer casing has slots for placing the induction coil, and the rotating disk has grooves for mounting magnets. When the rotating disk rotates, the magnets move relative to the induction coil, cutting the magnetic field lines.

[0012] The shell has a partition that divides the internal space into an upper and lower section. The upper section contains a piezoelectric energy harvester, and the lower section contains an electromagnetic unit. The partition has holes for the guide rod to pass through.

[0013] The piezoelectric unit is a ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic, and the piezoelectric energy trap consists of several stacked ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramics.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection method, comprising: When the frequency up-conversion mechanism is pressed down, it moves vertically downward, contacts the piezoelectric unit and transmits the load force, and at the same time drives the electromagnetic unit to cut the magnetic field lines. When the pressure above the frequency up mechanism disappears, the frequency up mechanism springs back to its original position, and at the same time drives the electromagnetic unit to cut the magnetic field lines again in the opposite direction to when the frequency up mechanism was pressed.

[0015] When the frequency up-conversion mechanism is pressed down, it moves vertically downwards, contacts the piezoelectric unit and transmits the load force, and simultaneously drives the electromagnetic unit to cut the magnetic field lines, including: When the frequency up-conversion mechanism is pressed down, the top cover moves vertically downward, causing the reset spring to deform downward and the guide rod to move downward. The bottom surface of the top cover contacts the piezoelectric energy trap formed by the stack of piezoelectric units and transmits the load force. The downward movement of the guide rod causes the disc and the rotating disk to rotate in a certain direction, while the magnet of the electromagnetic unit on the rotating disk rotates and cuts the magnetic field lines of the induction coil.

[0016] When the pressure above the frequency upsetting mechanism disappears, the frequency upsetting mechanism springs back to its original position, simultaneously driving the electromagnetic unit to cut the magnetic field lines again in the opposite direction to when the frequency upsetting mechanism was pressed down, including: When the pressure above the frequency up-conversion mechanism is removed, the reset spring of the frequency up-conversion mechanism rebounds, pushing the top cover to move the guide rod upward to return to its original position. The rising guide rod causes the rotating disk to rotate in the opposite direction to when the frequency up-conversion mechanism was pressed, causing the magnet on the rotating disk to cut the magnetic field lines of the induction coil in the opposite direction.

[0017] The method also includes estimating the energy that can be captured, including calculations using the following formula:

[0018]

[0019]

[0020]

[0021] In the formula: In order to capture energy, For vehicle speed, Based on the base energy harvesting value, For external excitation load, This is a road temperature correction factor, related to temperature. Related, This is the unevenness correction factor, related to the road surface elevation. Related.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: A composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and harvesting device overcomes the low efficiency of existing road energy harvesting devices during energy conversion, primarily due to its innovative composite design and the application of a frequency-upgrading mechanism. This device combines piezoelectric and electromagnetic units, utilizing both the piezoelectric effect and electromagnetic induction to simultaneously harvest mechanical energy, significantly improving energy harvesting efficiency. The piezoelectric unit is sensitive to low-frequency vibrations, while the electromagnetic unit is sensitive to high-frequency vibrations; their combination broadens the frequency range of energy harvesting, ensuring efficient energy harvesting under vibrations of different frequencies. The frequency-upgrading mechanism further enhances the sensitivity of energy harvesting by converting low-frequency vertical vibrations into high-frequency rotational motion. Furthermore, the bidirectional energy harvesting mechanism ensures continued energy harvesting even when vehicles leave, thereby maximizing energy utilization efficiency.

[0023] A composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and harvesting method overcomes the inefficiency of existing road energy harvesting devices during energy conversion, primarily due to its unique energy harvesting process and bidirectional energy conversion mechanism. When the frequency up-conversion mechanism is compressed, it moves vertically downwards, not only contacting the piezoelectric unit to transmit the load force and achieve the piezoelectric effect, but also driving the electromagnetic unit to cut magnetic field lines and generate an induced electromotive force. When the pressure above the frequency up-conversion mechanism disappears, the return spring pushes the mechanism back to its original position. At this time, the electromagnetic unit cuts the magnetic field lines in the opposite direction, generating an induced electromotive force again. This bidirectional energy harvesting mechanism ensures effective energy harvesting whether a vehicle is on or off the device. Furthermore, the composite energy conversion mechanism combines the principles of piezoelectricity and electromagnetism, broadening the frequency response range of energy harvesting and improving adaptability to vibrations of different frequencies, thereby significantly improving energy harvesting efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a composite roadside mechanical energy conversion device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a composite roadside mechanical energy conversion device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circular plate structure in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a rotating disk in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the base in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection method according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram, 1-top cover; 2-outer shell; 3-base; 4-induction coil; 5-reset spring; 6-piezoelectric energy harvester; 7-magnet; 8-guide rod; 9-rotating disk; 10-circular disc; 11-bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0031] With the increasing severity of global warming and oil resource shortages, countries are actively seeking sustainable and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. The transportation environment contains a large amount of underutilized clean energy, such as mechanical energy, thermal energy, solar energy, and wind energy. Among these, road machinery vibration energy, due to its widespread availability and high energy conversion efficiency, is considered to have broad application prospects and is expected to replace traditional batteries, providing continuous power for low-power devices and wireless sensors.

[0032] However, current road machinery vibration energy harvesting devices based on single physical principles suffer from low efficiency, typically only reaching the microwatt to milliwatt level. During energy conversion, a significant amount of energy is dissipated as deformation and heat, and these devices exhibit narrow response bandwidths and low sensitivity, requiring substantial mechanical energy input to operate effectively. Furthermore, while existing composite energy harvesting devices attempt to integrate multiple energy sources (such as solar, thermal, and mechanical energy), such designs are complex and highly dependent on environmental conditions. For example, in environments with insufficient sunlight or small temperature differences, the overall harvesting efficiency fluctuates significantly.

[0033] Therefore, for energy harvesting in road areas, especially the vibrational mechanical energy caused by road vehicles, a technologically improved harvesting scheme is needed to improve energy harvesting efficiency, reduce dependence on environmental conditions, and simplify device design.

[0034] Against this background, the present invention proposes a composite road mechanical energy conversion and collection device and method. Through the comprehensive application of composite energy collection technology, frequency upscaling mechanism design, structural optimization, energy capture prediction method and energy management strategy, the present invention can effectively improve the conversion efficiency of road mechanical energy and expand the forms of mechanical energy collection and conversion, providing continuous energy support for low-power road equipment.

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0037] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "sleeved / connected," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a number" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0039] Reference Figures 1 to 2 The image shows a specific embodiment of the composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection device provided by the present invention, comprising: The frequency upscaling mechanism includes a top cover 1 and a base 3. The top cover 1 is connected to a circular plate 10 via a guide rod 8. A housing 2 is arranged between the top cover 1 and the base 3. A piezoelectric energy harvester 6 is arranged on the outer periphery of the upper part of the guide rod 8, and a return spring 5 is also arranged between the guide rod 8 and the piezoelectric energy harvester 6. A rotating disk 9 is installed around the lower part of the guide rod 8, and the guide rod 8 is connected to the rotating disk 9 via the circular plate 10. The rotating disk 9 is rotatably mounted on the base 3. The structure of the base 3 is referenced. Figure 5 As shown; Piezoelectric units are arranged in the area between the top cover 1 and the outer shell 2, and several piezoelectric units are stacked to form a piezoelectric energy trap 6. The electromagnetic unit includes a magnet 7 and an induction coil 4. The magnet 7 is mounted on a rotating disk 9, and the induction coil 4 is arranged on the housing 2. The induction coil 4 is wound around the horizontal center of the magnet 7.

[0040] The top cover 1, outer shell 2 and base 3 can be processed by 3D printing or CNC machining, and the optional materials are nylon, PEEK, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and stainless steel.

[0041] The piezoelectric and electromagnetic units can harvest the mechanical energy exerted on the road surface by road vehicles, and realize energy conversion and harvesting through a frequency-upgrading mechanism. The piezoelectric units are arranged in the area between the top cover 1 and the upper part of the outer shell 2, and are stacked to form the piezoelectric energy harvester 6.

[0042] The electromagnetic unit includes a magnet 7 mounted on a rotating disk 9, and an induction coil 4 wound around the horizontal center of the magnet 7. Specifically, the induction coil 4 is arranged on the outer casing 2, with its center on the same horizontal line as the center of the magnet 7. The electromagnetic unit uses the magnet 7 as the mover and the induction coil 4 as the stator; the rotation of the magnet 7 relative to the induction coil 4 generates a change in the magnetic field. A bearing 11 is installed between the bottom of the rotating disk 9 and the base 3, and the rotational movement of the rotating disk 9 relative to the base 3 is accomplished through the bearing 11.

[0043] The upper end of the guide rod 8 is fixed to the bottom surface of the top cover 1. The bottom surface of the top cover 1 has an annular protrusion for fixing the guide rod 8. The inner diameter of this protrusion is interference-fitted with the upper end of the guide rod 8. The guide rod 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the top cover 1 by inserting its upper end into this protrusion. The remaining portion of the guide rod 8 not inserted into the protrusion has threads that mesh with the disc 10. The guide rod 8 and the disc 10 form a structure similar to a threaded connection. The inner side of the disc 10 meshes with the guide rod 8, and the bottom surface of the disc 10 is fixedly connected to the rotating disk 9. The structure of the disc 10 is as described above. Figure 3 As shown. When the guide rod 8 is displaced along its axial direction by an external force, the threads on its surface will cause the disc 10 to start rotating. Since the disc 10 is fixed to the rotating disk 9 below, it will also cause the rotating disk 9 to start rotating. Preferably, the guide rod 8 and the disc 10 can be made of stainless steel, M2 high-speed steel, or M35 high-cobalt steel.

[0044] The outer casing 2 has slots for placing the induction coil 4, see reference. Figure 1 As shown, the rotating disk 9 has a groove for mounting the magnet 7, see reference. Figure 4As shown. It should be noted that the height of the slot on the outer casing 2 for placing the induction coil 4 is consistent with the height of the groove on the rotating disk 9 for mounting the magnet 7. When installing the magnet 7 and the induction coil 4, it is important to ensure that the magnet 7 can move relative to the induction coil 4 and cut magnetic field lines when the rotating disk 9 rotates. When arranging the induction coil 4, the movement trajectories of the induction coil 4 and the magnet 7 should maintain a certain distance. The winding direction of the induction coil 4 should ensure that it can cut the magnetic field lines of the magnet 7 when it moves, thus ensuring the generation of an induced electromotive force. The number of turns of the induction coil 4 should be optimized according to actual needs to minimize the internal resistance of the induction coil 4 while ensuring a sufficiently large induced electromotive force. Preferably, the magnet 7 is made of neodymium iron boron magnet, ceramic magnet, graphite magnet, or AlNiCo magnet. The induction coil 4 can be made of enameled copper with low internal resistance and a diameter between 0.1mm and 0.5mm.

[0045] The shell 2 is equipped with a partition, which divides the internal space of the shell 2 into an upper part and a lower part. The piezoelectric energy harvester 6 is arranged in the upper part, and the electromagnetic unit is arranged in the lower part. The partition has holes that allow the guide rod 8 to pass through.

[0046] In this specific embodiment, the piezoelectric unit is preferably a ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic, that is, the piezoelectric energy harvester 6 is composed of several ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramics stacked together. The space in the middle of the ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramics facilitates the installation of the guide rod 8 and the return spring 2.

[0047] It should be noted that the piezoelectric unit is specifically made of piezoelectric composite material, which includes piezoelectric materials and other materials. The piezoelectric composite material can be a piezoelectric composite powder prepared by grinding PZT material, carbon nanofiller, and photosensitive resin in a ball mill according to a certain ratio. In this specific embodiment, the piezoelectric composite material is preferably composed of PZT-5H material, carbon nanofiller, and photosensitive resin in a mass ratio of 60:55:5. The ball mill is set at 450 rpm for 5 hours of planetary ball milling, resulting in an overall material particle size of less than 600 nm. Then, 3D printing technology is used to construct the piezoelectric composite material layer by layer. The specific 3D printing instrument process parameters are: scanning space of 0.1 mm, laser power of 200 W. After printing, the piezoelectric composite material is polarized at 3 kV pressure and 120°C for 30 minutes using an oil bath polarization device.

[0048] It should be noted that the electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric unit and electromagnetic unit of the composite road mechanical energy conversion and collection device provided by the present invention can be directly used to power low-power road equipment after rectification, or connected to energy storage equipment. The energy storage equipment can be selected from supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries and aqueous batteries.

[0049] This invention also provides a composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection method, such as... Figure 6As shown, it includes: When the frequency up-conversion mechanism is pressed down, it moves vertically downward, contacts the piezoelectric unit and transmits the load force, and at the same time drives the electromagnetic unit to cut the magnetic field lines. When the pressure above the frequency up mechanism disappears, the frequency up mechanism springs back to its original position, and at the same time drives the electromagnetic unit to cut the magnetic field lines again in the opposite direction to when the frequency up mechanism was pressed.

[0050] Specifically, when pressure is applied above the frequency up-conversion mechanism, the top cover 1 moves vertically downwards, causing the return spring 5 to deform downwards. Simultaneously, the guide rod 8 moves downwards, and the bottom surface of the top cover 1 contacts the piezoelectric energy harvester 6, which is composed of stacked piezoelectric units, and transmits the load force. The downward movement of the guide rod 8 causes the disc 10 and the rotating disk 9 to rotate in a certain direction, while simultaneously causing the magnet 7 of the electromagnetic unit on the rotating disk 9 to rotate and cut the magnetic field lines of the induction coil 4. When the pressure above the frequency up-conversion mechanism disappears, the return spring 5 of the frequency up-conversion mechanism rebounds, pushing the top cover 1 to move the guide rod 8 upwards to return to its original position. The rising guide rod 8 causes the rotating disk 9 to rotate in the opposite direction to when the frequency up-conversion mechanism was pressed, causing the magnet 7 on the rotating disk 9 to cut the magnetic field lines of the induction coil 4 in the opposite direction.

[0051] This method also includes estimating the energy that can be captured. The output performance of the energy harvester is mainly affected by road speed and load. A basic equation is established with vehicle speed and load as the main influencing factors. Then, the effects of road surface temperature and unevenness on the performance of the energy harvester are considered separately, and correction formulas for temperature and unevenness on the energy of the energy harvester are established respectively. The energy harvesting prediction method is further established, and the specific formula is as follows:

[0052]

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] In the formula: In order to capture energy, For vehicle speed, Based on the base energy harvesting value, For external excitation load, This is a road temperature correction factor, related to temperature. Related, This is the unevenness correction factor, related to the road surface elevation. Related.

[0056] Energy recovery prediction, combined with external data such as traffic flow and vehicle speed, can estimate the daily / annual power generation of the device on a specific road segment, maximizing energy recovery efficiency. The R-value is compared with the results calculated using the fitted formula and the indoor test results. 2 =0.932, indicating a good fit.

[0057] This solution overcomes the low efficiency of existing road energy harvesting devices by employing a composite energy harvesting mechanism. Existing devices are typically based on a single physical principle, such as piezoelectricity or electromagnetism alone, resulting in low energy conversion efficiency, generally in the microwatt to milliwatt range. This solution combines piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy conversion mechanisms, utilizing both the piezoelectric effect and electromagnetic induction to simultaneously harvest mechanical energy, significantly improving energy harvesting efficiency. The piezoelectric unit is sensitive to low-frequency vibrations, while the electromagnetic unit is sensitive to high-frequency vibrations; combining the two allows for a wider frequency range, ensuring efficient energy harvesting under vibrations at different frequencies.

[0058] Furthermore, the design of the frequency upscaling mechanism is one of the key innovations of this solution. Existing devices have insufficient response to low-frequency vibrations, resulting in a significant amount of energy not being effectively utilized. The frequency upscaling mechanism in this solution, through the coordinated action of the top cover, guide rod, return spring, and rotating disk, converts the low-frequency vertical vibrations caused by vehicle movement into high-frequency rotational motion, improving the sensitivity and efficiency of energy harvesting. When the vehicle moves away from the top cover, the return spring pushes the top cover back to its original position, and the rotating disk rotates in the opposite direction, further increasing the energy harvesting efficiency.

[0059] In terms of material and structural optimization, this solution utilizes piezoelectric composite materials. Material properties are optimized through ball milling and 3D printing technologies, making the piezoelectric unit more efficient in converting mechanical energy to electrical energy. The piezoelectric energy harvester employs a stacked arrangement of multiple ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramics, which not only increases the output power of the piezoelectric unit but also provides installation space for the guide rod and return spring of the frequency upscaling mechanism. The electromagnetic unit uses neodymium iron boron magnets and low-resistance enameled copper coils. Induced electromotive force is generated by the rotation of the magnets cutting the coils, further improving the energy conversion efficiency of the electromagnetic unit.

[0060] This scheme also provides theoretical support through an energy harvesting prediction method. This method considers the effects of multiple variables such as vehicle speed, external excitation load, road temperature correction factor, and road surface roughness correction factor, which can more accurately predict energy harvesting efficiency and provide theoretical support for the optimized design of the device.

[0061] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a specific embodiment will be provided below in conjunction with a practical application scenario. On certain sections of urban roads or highways, frequent vehicle traffic causes continuous vibration and deformation of the road surface. The composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and harvesting device of the present invention can be installed under the road surface in these sections to harvest energy using the mechanical energy generated by vehicle movement.

[0062] The frequency upscaling mechanism includes a top cover 1, a disc 10, and a guide rod 8 connecting the two. A housing 2 is arranged between the top cover 1 and the base 3. A piezoelectric energy harvester 6 is arranged around the upper part of the guide rod 8, and a return spring 5 is arranged between the two. A rotating disk 9 is installed around the lower part of the guide rod 8 and is connected to the rotating disk 9 through the disc 10. A bearing 11 is installed between the bottom of the rotating disk 9 and the base 3 to ensure that the rotating disk can rotate smoothly.

[0063] The piezoelectric units are arranged in the area between the top cover 1 and the outer shell 2, and a piezoelectric energy trap 6 is formed by stacking several piezoelectric units. The piezoelectric energy trap uses PZT-5H material, and the material properties are optimized through ball milling and 3D printing technology to ensure efficient operation in the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy.

[0064] The electromagnetic unit includes a magnet 7 and an induction coil 4. The magnet 7 is mounted on a rotating disk 9, and the induction coil 4 is wound around the horizontal center of the magnet. The magnet is made of neodymium iron boron material, and the induction coil uses low-resistance enameled copper wire to ensure efficient energy conversion during the electromagnetic induction process.

[0065] When a vehicle travels over a road surface equipped with this device, the vehicle's tires press down on the top cover 1. The top cover, under pressure, moves vertically downwards, causing the guide rod 8 and the return spring 5 to displace downwards. The bottom of the top cover contacts the piezoelectric energy harvester 6, transmitting pressure to the piezoelectric unit. The piezoelectric unit utilizes the piezoelectric effect to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Simultaneously, the downward displacement of the guide rod 8 causes the disc 10 and the rotating disk 9 to rotate. The magnet 7 on the rotating disk cuts the magnetic field lines of the induction coil 4, generating an induced electromotive force, thus collecting electromagnetic energy.

[0066] After the vehicle moves away from the top cover 1, the return spring 5 rebounds, pushing the top cover 1 and guide rod 8 back to their original positions. The rotating disk 9 rotates in the opposite direction, further cutting the induction coil 4 and continuing to generate induced electromotive force. This bidirectional energy harvesting mechanism significantly improves energy harvesting efficiency.

[0067] To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined energy harvesting, Table 1 shows the test results of the device under 100 μF capacitor charging.

[0068]

[0069] As shown in Table 1, the output voltage of the composite energy harvesting method is significantly higher than that of the single-method energy harvesting method, indicating a significant improvement in the electrical performance of the device for road energy harvesting. This demonstrates that the composite design of this invention can more effectively collect and convert road mechanical energy, significantly improving the energy harvesting efficiency of the device. This high-efficiency energy harvesting capability provides reliable energy support for low-power road devices and wireless sensors, and has broad application prospects.

[0070] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection device, characterized in that, include: The frequency upscaling mechanism includes a top cover (1) and a base (3). The top cover (1) is connected to a circular plate (10) via a guide rod (8). A housing (2) is arranged between the top cover (1) and the base (3). A piezoelectric energy harvester (6) is arranged on the outer circumference of the upper part of the guide rod (8), and a return spring (5) is also arranged between the guide rod (8) and the pressure energy harvester (6). A rotating disk (9) is installed around the lower part of the guide rod (8). The guide rod (8) is connected to the rotating disk (9) via the circular plate (10), and the rotating disk (9) is rotatably mounted on the base (3). Piezoelectric units are arranged in the area between the top cover (1) and the outer shell (2), and several piezoelectric units are stacked to form the piezoelectric energy trap (6). The electromagnetic unit includes a magnet (7) and an induction coil (4), the magnet (7) being mounted on the rotating disk (9), and the induction coil (4) being arranged on the housing (2), the induction coil (4) being wound around the horizontal center of the magnet (7).

2. The composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A bearing (11) is installed between the bottom of the rotating disk (9) and the base (3).

3. The composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the guide rod (8) is inserted into the bottom surface of the top cover (1) for fixation. The remaining part of the guide rod (8) that is not fixed into the bottom surface is arranged with threads that mesh with the disc (10). The inner side of the disc (10) meshes with the guide rod (8), and the bottom surface of the inner side of the disc (10) is fixedly connected to the rotating disk (9).

4. The composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer shell (2) is provided with a slot for placing the induction coil (4), and the rotating disk (9) is provided with a groove for installing the magnet (7). When the rotating disk (9) rotates, the magnet (7) moves relative to the induction coil (4) and cuts the magnetic field lines.

5. A composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell (2) has a partition that divides the internal space into an upper and a lower part. The upper space contains a piezoelectric energy harvester (6), and the lower space contains an electromagnetic unit. The partition has holes for the guide rod (8) to pass through.

6. The composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric unit is a ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic, and the piezoelectric energy trap (6) includes several stacked ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramics.

7. A composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection method, characterized in that, include: When the frequency up-conversion mechanism is pressed down, it moves vertically downward, contacts the piezoelectric unit and transmits the load force, and at the same time drives the electromagnetic unit to cut the magnetic field lines. When the pressure above the frequency up mechanism disappears, the frequency up mechanism springs back to its original position, and at the same time drives the electromagnetic unit to cut the magnetic field lines again in the opposite direction to when the frequency up mechanism was pressed.

8. The composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection method according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the frequency up-conversion mechanism is pressed from above, it moves vertically downwards, contacts the piezoelectric unit and transmits the load force, and simultaneously drives the electromagnetic unit to cut the magnetic field lines, including: When the frequency up-conversion mechanism is pressed, the top cover (1) moves vertically downward, causing the reset spring (5) to deform downward, and at the same time causing the guide rod (8) to move downward. The bottom surface of the top cover (1) contacts the piezoelectric energy trap (6) formed by the stack of piezoelectric units and transmits the load force. The guide rod (8) moves downward, causing the disc (10) and the rotating disk (9) to rotate in a certain direction, and at the same time causing the magnet (7) of the electromagnetic unit on the rotating disk (9) to rotate and cut the magnetic field lines of the induction coil (4).

9. A composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection method according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the pressure above the frequency up-conversion mechanism disappears, the frequency up-conversion mechanism springs back to its original position, simultaneously driving the electromagnetic unit to cut the magnetic field lines again in the opposite direction to when the frequency up-conversion mechanism was pressed from above, including: When the pressure above the frequency up mechanism disappears, the reset spring (5) of the frequency up mechanism rebounds, pushing the top cover (1) to move the guide rod (8) up to return to its original position. The guide rod (8) rises, causing the rotating disk (9) to rotate in the opposite direction to when the frequency up mechanism is pressed, causing the magnet (7) on the rotating disk (9) to cut the magnetic field lines of the induction coil (4) in the opposite direction.

10. A composite roadside mechanical energy conversion and collection method according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes estimating the energy that can be captured, including calculations using the following formula: In the formula: In order to capture energy, For vehicle speed, Based on the base energy harvesting value, For external excitation load, This is a road temperature correction factor, related to temperature. Related, This is the unevenness correction factor, related to the road surface elevation. Related.

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