Integrated data transmission method and system for Internet of Things equipment of muck truck

Abstract

The invention specifically discloses an integrated data transmission method and system for Internet of Things equipment of a slag car, and relates to the technical field of Internet of Vehicles communication. The method comprises the following steps: S1, synchronously acquiring data of all sensors by using a hardware timer, and ensuring that the acquisition time is consistent; s2, performing deduplication, Kalman filtering GPS drift removal and data verification on the acquired data; s3, packaging data by adopting an optimization protocol, simplifying a JT / T809 protocol 22-byte message header into 8-bytes, compressing the data through variable-length coding and the like, and performing batch transmission in combination with a buffer pool; and S4, establishing TCP long connection by using an optimization strategy, wherein the TCP long connection comprises multiplexing connection, combining small packets and confirming transmission by using a sliding window mechanism. According to the muck truck Internet of Things equipment integrated data transmission method and system, the hardware, transmission and maintenance cost is greatly reduced, the transmission efficiency and reliability are improved, and the muck truck Internet of Things equipment integrated data transmission method and system are suitable for unified supervision of Beidou positioning, lifting and closed states of muck trucks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle network communication technology, and in particular to an integrated data transmission method and system for IoT devices on dump trucks. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the dump truck monitoring system primarily relies on the JT / T809 protocol (a technical standard for data exchange between monitoring / supervision platforms of road transport vehicle satellite positioning systems) to achieve data exchange between platforms. This protocol uses TCP communication and clearly defines core aspects such as communication methods, security authentication, function implementation processes, protocol message formats, and data entity formats. In terms of hardware and data transmission architecture, the existing system adopts a distributed design, with each functional module operating independently: the Beidou positioning module requires an independent GPS / Beidou terminal and communicates with the monitoring platform via the JT / T808 protocol; the lifting monitoring equipment relies on separate sensors and communication modules to monitor the lifting status of the truck bed; and the sealing status monitoring equipment uses a dedicated sensor system to detect the sealing of the truck bed. All devices must independently send data to the platform, with the data format uniformly conforming to the standard JT / T809 protocol.

[0003] This distributed architecture directly leads to significant cost issues. At the hardware level, each functional device requires an independent communication module, processor, and storage unit. For example, the three types of devices—BeiDou positioning, lifting monitoring, and closed-loop monitoring—each need their own complete hardware components, resulting in high overall terminal device costs. At the data transmission level, each device establishes its own communication link, leading to the repeated transmission of common information such as vehicle identification, timestamps, and location information, resulting in significant bandwidth waste and substantially increased data transmission costs.

[0004] On the technical level, firstly, the standard JT / T809 protocol contains a large number of redundant fields. These fields are mainly designed for complex road transport vehicle supervision scenarios, while the supervision of dump trucks only needs to focus on core functions such as positioning, lifting, and sealing. The existence of redundant fields leads to low data transmission efficiency and serious data redundancy problems. Secondly, the mode of multiple devices independently collecting and transmitting data will cause data synchronization delays due to differences in the collection frequency and transmission delay of each device, making it impossible to form a unified real-time vehicle status view. Moreover, multiple independent systems increase the number of failure points. For example, if the communication module or sensor of a certain device fails, it will affect the data transmission of the corresponding function, resulting in a decrease in the overall reliability of the system.

[0005] In terms of equipment management, since the equipment usually comes from different manufacturers and uses different communication protocols and management standards, supervisors need to be familiar with the operation procedures, maintenance methods and troubleshooting logic of different equipment, which greatly increases the complexity of equipment management. At the same time, the data formats and timestamps from different equipment are different, requiring additional correlation analysis on the supervisory platform (such as matching location information with lifting status to determine whether lifting is illegal), which not only increases the complexity of system processing, but may also affect the accuracy of supervision due to data correlation deviations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to propose an integrated data transmission method and system for IoT devices on construction waste trucks. This involves integrating BeiDou positioning, lifting monitoring, and sealed status monitoring equipment into a single terminal at the hardware level (integrating a dual-mode positioning chip, multiple types of sensors, a unified main control processor, and a communication module). At the software level, collaborative processing is achieved through synchronous data acquisition, fusion preprocessing, and transmission scheduling. At the protocol level, the message header structure is optimized, and data compression and batch transmission mechanisms are adopted. This addresses the problems of high hardware costs, redundant and costly data transmission, poor real-time performance due to asynchronous data from multiple devices, numerous system failure points and low reliability, and complex equipment management in existing technologies.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes an integrated data transmission method for IoT devices on construction waste trucks, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0008] Step S1: Data acquisition. All sensor data are acquired synchronously, and a hardware timer is used to ensure the consistency of acquisition time.

[0009] Step S2: Preprocess the collected sensor data, including:

[0010] Remove duplicate data: Remove duplicates when the position of adjacent data points changes by less than 3 meters and their states remain unchanged;

[0011] Outlier filtering: Use the Kalman filter algorithm to eliminate GPS drift;

[0012] Data validation: Check the correctness of the data and mark abnormal data;

[0013] Step S3: Encapsulate the preprocessed sensor data using an optimized protocol format; the optimized protocol specifically includes:

[0014] The size of the standard JT / T809 message header has been optimized from 22 bytes to 8 bytes;

[0015] Variable-length encoding and differential compression algorithms are used to compress the data; among them, position information uses relative coordinate encoding, and only the offset is transmitted for consecutive position points; state information uses bitmap compression to merge multiple Boolean states into a single byte.

[0016] A batch transmission mechanism is implemented, which sets up a data buffer pool and triggers transmission when a preset threshold is met.

[0017] Step S4: Establish a TCP connection and use optimization strategies for data transmission; the optimization strategies include:

[0018] Connection reuse to maintain long-lived connections;

[0019] Data merging combines small data packets into larger data packets for transmission.

[0020] Transmission confirmation employs a sliding window mechanism to ensure reliable data transmission.

[0021] Preferably, in step S3, the optimized message header size is 8 bytes, including 1 byte message type, 2 bytes device ID, 3 bytes timestamp, 1 byte data length and 1 byte checksum.

[0022] Preferably, in step S3, the preprocessed sensor data is encapsulated using an optimized protocol format. Specifically, the message type field value is determined according to the data type, the device ID is filled in, the timestamp is compressed to the number of seconds of the base time and filled in the corresponding field, the data length is calculated and filled in the data length field, the check bit is calculated according to the data content and filled in the check bit field, and the compressed data is filled in the data field.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, transmission is triggered when a preset threshold is met. The preset threshold includes:

[0024] The buffer size reached 1KB;

[0025] More than 30 seconds have passed since the last transmission;

[0026] An emergency has been detected.

[0027] The present invention also provides an integrated data transmission system for IoT devices on dump trucks, comprising a hardware layer, a software layer and a protocol layer;

[0028] The hardware layer includes a BeiDou positioning module, a lifting sensor module, a sealed state sensor module, a main control processor, a communication module, and a power management module.

[0029] The Beidou positioning module integrates GPS and Beidou dual-mode positioning chips;

[0030] The lifting sensor module includes an angle sensor and a pressure sensor;

[0031] The airtightness sensor module includes a position sensor and an airtightness detection sensor;

[0032] The communication module is a 4G or 5G communication chip;

[0033] The power management module is a wide voltage input power conversion circuit;

[0034] The Beidou positioning module, lifting sensor module, and sealed state sensor module are connected to the main control processor via an I / O bus. The main control processor is connected to the communication module via an SPI interface. The power management module supplies power to all modules in the hardware layer.

[0035] The software layer runs on the main control processor and includes a data acquisition driver layer, a data fusion processing layer, a protocol adaptation layer, and a transmission management layer.

[0036] The data acquisition driver layer is the underlying driver program for each sensor, used to drive each sensor to acquire data;

[0037] The data fusion processing layer includes multi-source data synchronization and preprocessing algorithms for data synchronization and data preprocessing.

[0038] The protocol adaptation layer includes an optimized protocol encoding / decoding module for encapsulating data using an optimized protocol format;

[0039] The transmission management layer includes a network communication and transmission scheduling module for network communication and data transmission.

[0040] The protocol layer includes an optimized message header structure, a compressed data body structure, an error verification mechanism, and a session management mechanism.

[0041] Therefore, this invention proposes an integrated data transmission method and system for IoT devices on construction waste trucks, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) In terms of hardware, this invention integrates functional modules such as Beidou positioning, lifting supervision, and closed status monitoring, thereby reducing the use of independent communication modules, processors and storage units and reducing the cost of a single set of equipment; in terms of data transmission, it optimizes the protocol format, reducing the size of a single data packet from an average of 800 bytes to 240 bytes, thereby reducing data transmission costs; at the same time, the integrated equipment reduces the number of failure points and saves maintenance costs.

[0043] (2) The present invention adopts data compression, batch transmission strategy and multi-source data synchronous acquisition technology to improve data transmission efficiency and eliminate time delay differences between devices; at the same time, the integrated design of the device reduces connection points and fault sources, reduces the frequency of device failure, and improves the reliability of the device.

[0044] (3) This invention simplifies the operation and maintenance of multi-vendor and multi-protocol devices through a unified interface and management protocol; at the same time, it synchronously collects and associates data transmission to ensure data consistency and improve data quality.

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an integrated data transmission method for IoT devices on dump trucks according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the technical solutions, advantages, and objectives of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides an integrated data transmission method for IoT devices on construction waste trucks, with the following specific steps:

[0051] S1. Data Acquisition: Synchronously acquire data from all sensors, using a hardware timer to ensure consistent acquisition timing; the acquired data format is as follows:

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] S2. Preprocess the collected sensor data, including:

[0055] Remove duplicate data: Remove duplicates when the position of adjacent data points changes by less than 3 meters and their states remain unchanged;

[0056] Outlier filtering: Use the Kalman filter algorithm to eliminate GPS drift;

[0057] Data validation: Check the correctness of the data and mark abnormal data;

[0058] S3. Encapsulate the preprocessed sensor data using an optimized protocol format; the optimized protocol specifically includes:

[0059] The size of the standard JT / T809 message header has been optimized from 22 bytes to 8 bytes, specifically:

[0060] Standard JT / T809 message header (22 bytes):

[0061] [Message ID(2)][Message Body Attributes(2)][Version Number(1)][Encryption Method(1)][Message Body Length(4)][Username(8)][Password(4)];

[0062] Optimized message header (8 bytes):

[0063] [Message type (1)][Device ID (2)][Time stamp (3)][Data length (1)][Check bit (1)].

[0064] The specific steps for sensor data encapsulation are as follows: determine the message type field value based on the data type, fill in the device ID, compress the timestamp to the number of seconds of the base time and fill it in the corresponding field, calculate the data length and fill it in the data length field, calculate the checksum based on the data content and fill it in the checksum field, and fill the compressed data into the data field; the encapsulated data format is as follows:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] During the data encapsulation process, variable-length encoding and differential compression algorithms are used to compress the data; among them, position information uses relative coordinate encoding, and only the offset of consecutive position points is transmitted; status information uses bitmap compression, merging multiple Boolean states into a single byte.

[0068] For data transmission, batch transmission is performed; a data buffer pool is set up to trigger transmission when one of the following conditions is met:

[0069] The buffer size reached 1KB;

[0070] More than 30 seconds have passed since the last transmission;

[0071] An emergency has been detected.

[0072] S4. Establish a TCP connection and use optimization strategies for data transmission; the optimization strategies include:

[0073] Connection reuse to maintain long-lived connections;

[0074] Data merging combines small data packets into larger data packets for transmission.

[0075] Transmission confirmation employs a sliding window mechanism to ensure reliable data transmission.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] The present invention also provides an integrated data transmission system for IoT devices on dump trucks, comprising a hardware layer, a software layer and a protocol layer;

[0078] The hardware layer includes a BeiDou positioning module, a lifting sensor module, a sealed state sensor module, a main control processor, a communication module, and a power management module.

[0079] The main control processor casing is made of aluminum alloy with an IP65 protection rating, which can effectively prevent dust and water damage and adapt to the harsh working environment of dump trucks. The casing dimensions are 200mm×150mm×80mm, which facilitates installation and layout on dump trucks. The motherboard adopts a four-layer printed circuit board (PCB) design, integrating an ARM Cortex-M4 main controller, a 4G / 5G communication module, a Beidou positioning module, and various interface circuits. The ARM Cortex-M4 main controller features high performance and low power consumption, which can meet the system's data processing and control requirements.

[0080] The Beidou positioning module integrates GPS and Beidou dual-mode positioning chips, and the communication module is a 4G or 5G communication chip. The Beidou antenna and the communication antenna are installed on the top of the housing. The Beidou antenna has a gain of 3dBi to ensure stable reception of Beidou satellite signals and improve positioning accuracy. The 4G / 5G communication antenna has a gain of 5dBi to ensure stable communication with 4G / 5G base stations and achieve high-speed data transmission.

[0081] The lifting sensor module includes an angle sensor and a pressure sensor, which are installed on the lifting cylinder of the dump truck body. It is connected to the main board via the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus and can detect the lifting angle and lifting stability of the truck body in real time and accurately. The sealing sensor uses a Hall effect sensor and a pressure sensor, which are installed on the sealing device of the truck body. The detection accuracy reaches ±1%, and it can accurately monitor the position status of the sealing device of the truck body and the sealing degree of the truck body.

[0082] The power management module is a wide voltage input power conversion circuit;

[0083] The Beidou positioning module, lifting sensor module, and sealed state sensor module are connected to the main control processor via an I / O bus. The main control processor is connected to the communication module via an SPI interface. The power management module supplies power to all modules in the hardware layer.

[0084] At the hardware level, the integrated design reduces hardware costs by 60%, eliminating the need for separate communication modules, processors, and memory, significantly lowering the cost per unit. Simultaneously, it reduces the number of device types and potential failure points, decreasing maintenance workload and reducing maintenance costs by 50%.

[0085] The software layer runs on the main control processor and includes a data acquisition driver layer, a data fusion processing layer, a protocol adaptation layer, and a transmission management layer.

[0086] Data acquisition driver layer: contains the low-level drivers for each sensor, can communicate with the sensor module in the hardware layer, control the sensor module to acquire data at a set frequency, and transmit the acquired raw data to the data fusion processing layer.

[0087] Data fusion processing layer: Employing multi-source data synchronization and preprocessing algorithms, it performs time synchronization, data calibration, and outlier filtering on raw data from different sensor modules, integrating scattered data into a unified dataset, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent protocol encapsulation and data transmission.

[0088] Protocol adaptation layer: Includes an optimized protocol encoding and decoding module, which can encode the dataset output by the data fusion processing layer according to the optimized protocol format to generate data that meets the transmission requirements; at the same time, it can decode the data received from the regulatory platform, extract useful control instructions or feedback information, and transmit them to the corresponding modules for processing.

[0089] Transmission Management Layer: Includes network communication and transmission scheduling modules. It is responsible for managing the network connection between the communication module and the monitoring platform, establishing and maintaining stable TCP long connections; and formulating reasonable transmission scheduling strategies based on data priority and transmission requirements to control the timing and order of data transmission, ensuring that data can be transmitted to the monitoring platform efficiently and reliably.

[0090] The protocol layer includes an optimized message header structure, a compressed data body structure, an error checking mechanism, and a session management mechanism.

[0091] Optimized message header structure: A simplified message header format is adopted, removing redundant fields from the standard JT / T809 protocol and retaining only key information such as message type, device identifier (ID), timestamp, data length, and checksum, which significantly reduces the number of bytes in the message header and improves data transmission efficiency.

[0092] Data volume compression structure: An efficient data payload format is designed, employing variable-length coding and differential compression algorithms to compress the data volume. For position information, relative coordinate encoding is used, transmitting only the offset from the previous position point for consecutive position points; for status information (such as lifting status, sealing status), bitmap compression is used, merging multiple Boolean states into a single byte, reducing the number of bytes in the data volume and lowering data transmission throughput.

[0093] Error verification mechanism: A lightweight data integrity verification algorithm is adopted, and a check bit is added to the data. After receiving the data, the monitoring platform performs integrity verification on the data through the check bit. If data corruption or loss is found, the terminal device can be promptly requested to retransmit to ensure the integrity of data transmission.

[0094] Session management mechanism: Optimize connection and authentication processes, simplify authentication steps and reduce connection establishment time when establishing TCP connections; at the same time, design a session persistence mechanism to periodically send heartbeat packets to monitor connection status, and quickly re-establish the connection if the connection is interrupted to ensure the continuity of data transmission.

[0095] This invention optimizes the communication protocol, reducing the size of a single data packet from an average of 800 bytes to 240 bytes, significantly reducing traffic costs and lowering data transmission costs by 70%.

[0096] It is worth noting that all contents not described in detail in this invention are existing technologies and are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0097] Therefore, this invention provides an integrated data transmission method and system for IoT devices on construction waste trucks. By integrating hardware, the use of independent communication modules, processors, and storage units is reduced, resulting in a 60% reduction in the cost of a single device. Optimized protocols reduce the size of a single data packet from an average of 800 bytes to 240 bytes, reducing data transmission costs by 70% and maintenance costs by 50%. Simultaneously, by employing data compression, batch transmission, and multi-source data synchronous acquisition technologies, data transmission efficiency is effectively improved, with an 80% increase in transmission efficiency compared to existing technologies, significantly improving the timeliness and economy of construction waste truck monitoring data transmission.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrating data transmission of IoT devices on construction waste trucks, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step S1: Data acquisition. All sensor data are acquired synchronously, and a hardware timer is used to ensure the consistency of acquisition time. Step S2: Preprocess the collected sensor data, including: Remove duplicate data: Remove duplicates when the position of adjacent data points changes by less than 3 meters and their states remain unchanged; Outlier filtering: Use the Kalman filter algorithm to eliminate GPS drift; Data validation: Check the correctness of the data and mark abnormal data; Step S3: Encapsulate the preprocessed sensor data using an optimized protocol format; the optimized protocol specifically includes: The size of the standard JT / T809 message header has been optimized from 22 bytes to 8 bytes; Variable-length encoding and differential compression algorithms are used to compress the data; among them, position information uses relative coordinate encoding, and only the offset is transmitted for consecutive position points; state information uses bitmap compression to merge multiple Boolean states into a single byte. A batch transmission mechanism is implemented, which sets up a data buffer pool and triggers transmission when a preset threshold is met. Step S4: Establish a TCP connection and use optimization strategies for data transmission; the optimization strategies include: Connection reuse to maintain long-lived connections; Data merging combines small data packets into larger data packets for transmission. Transmission confirmation employs a sliding window mechanism to ensure reliable data transmission.

2. The integrated data transmission method for IoT devices on construction waste trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the optimized message header size is 8 bytes, including 1 byte message type, 2 bytes device ID, 3 bytes timestamp, 1 byte data length and 1 byte checksum.

3. The integrated data transmission method for IoT devices on construction waste trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the preprocessed sensor data is encapsulated using an optimized protocol format. Specifically, the message type field value is determined based on the data type, the device ID is entered, the timestamp is compressed to the number of seconds of the base time and entered into the corresponding field, the data length is calculated and entered into the data length field, the check digit is calculated based on the data content and entered into the check digit field, and the compressed data is entered into the data field.

4. The integrated data transmission method for IoT devices on construction waste trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, transmission is triggered when a preset threshold is met. The preset threshold includes: The buffer data size reached 1KB; More than 30 seconds have passed since the last transmission; An emergency has been detected.

5. An integrated data transmission system for IoT devices on construction waste trucks, comprising a hardware layer, a software layer, and a protocol layer; The hardware layer includes a BeiDou positioning module, a lifting sensor module, a sealed state sensor module, a main control processor, a communication module, and a power management module. The Beidou positioning module integrates GPS and Beidou dual-mode positioning chips; The lifting sensor module includes an angle sensor and a pressure sensor; The airtightness sensor module includes a position sensor and an airtightness detection sensor; The communication module is a 4G or 5G communication chip; The power management module is a wide voltage input power conversion circuit; The Beidou positioning module, lifting sensor module, and sealed state sensor module are connected to the main control processor via an I / O bus. The main control processor is connected to the communication module via an SPI interface. The power management module supplies power to all modules in the hardware layer. The software layer runs on the main control processor and includes a data acquisition driver layer, a data fusion processing layer, a protocol adaptation layer, and a transmission management layer. The data acquisition driver layer is the underlying driver program for each sensor, used to drive each sensor to acquire data; The data fusion processing layer includes multi-source data synchronization and preprocessing algorithms for data synchronization and data preprocessing. The protocol adaptation layer includes an optimized protocol encoding / decoding module for encapsulating data using an optimized protocol format; The transmission management layer includes a network communication and transmission scheduling module for network communication and data transmission. The protocol layer includes an optimized message header structure, a compressed data body structure, an error verification mechanism, and a session management mechanism.

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