Temperature adjusting helmet system and method thereof

Abstract

The helmet system includes an outer protective shell defining an inner cavity and an inner protective system positioned within the inner cavity. The inner protection system has a packing layer coupled to the outer protection housing. The helmet system also includes a temperature regulation system having at least one temperature regulation element, a power source configured to provide power to the at least one temperature regulation element, and a sensor configured to generate an output signal based on the sensed temperature. The temperature regulation system also has a processor in communication with the sensor, and the processor is configured to provide power to the at least one temperature regulation element in response to the output signal exceeding a temperature threshold.

Description

Citation of relevant applications

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 454,401, filed March 24, 2023, entitled “Temperature-Regulated Helmet System and Method Thereof,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Background Technology

[0002] Individuals frequently use helmets to protect themselves from bodily injury, whether from sports, recreational activities (i.e., athletes, motorcyclists), industrial workplace risks, or occupational hazards (i.e., firefighters or military personnel). Such helmets are typically made of one or more protective materials. However, depending on the environmental conditions in which the helmet is worn, the performance of the protective materials can be negatively affected. Accordingly, there is a need in the art to maintain the performance of helmets under various environmental conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0003] It is believed that certain embodiments will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0004] Figure 1 A graph showing the toughness / brittleness transition temperature (DBTT) of the example material is presented.

[0005] Figures 2 to 4 A power source placed on one side of a helmet according to various non-limiting embodiments is schematically depicted.

[0006] Figures 5 to 7 A power source positioned in an opening (such as an ear canal or other type of opening) of a helmet is schematically depicted according to various non-limiting embodiments.

[0007] Figures 8 to 10 A power source is schematically depicted in a serpentine configuration positioned on the bottom lip of a helmet according to various non-limiting embodiments.

[0008] Figures 11 to 12 A power source coupled to the edge of a helmet is schematically depicted according to various non-limiting embodiments.

[0009] Figure 13 A power source coupled to the front of a helmet is schematically depicted according to a non-limiting embodiment.

[0010] Figure 14 A power source coupled to the top of a helmet is schematically depicted according to a non-limiting embodiment.

[0011] Figure 15 A power source coupled to the back of a helmet is schematically depicted according to a non-limiting embodiment.

[0012] Figure 16 A power source coupled to a strap (such as a chin strap) of a helmet is schematically depicted according to a non-limiting embodiment.

[0013] Figure 17 A power source coupled to a helmet suspension system is schematically depicted according to a non-limiting embodiment.

[0014] Figures 18 to 20 A power source is schematically depicted, according to one non-limiting embodiment, and according to various non-limiting embodiments, incorporated into or otherwise placed within the padding or rotation protection system of a helmet.

[0015] Figures 21 to 23 The diagram schematically depicts power sources placed between various layers or other protective structures or features of a helmet, according to various non-limiting embodiments.

[0016] Figures 24 to 26 Various shapes of power supplies according to various non-limiting embodiments are schematically shown.

[0017] Figures 27 to 29 A temperature regulation system positioned inside a helmet according to various non-limiting embodiments is schematically depicted.

[0018] Figure 30 An example charging system according to various non-limiting embodiments is schematically depicted.

[0019] Figures 31 to 33 A temperature regulation system that can be positioned on the outer surface of a helmet according to various non-limiting embodiments is schematically depicted.

[0020] Figure 34 A helmet system with a sensor network is schematically depicted according to a non-limiting embodiment.

[0021] Figures 35 to 37 A helmet system with various infotainment features is illustrated schematically according to various non-limiting embodiments.

[0022] Figures 38 to 40 The communication capabilities of example helmet systems according to various non-limiting embodiments are schematically depicted.

[0023] Figure 41 An example battery and housing system of a temperature regulation system according to a non-limiting embodiment are schematically shown.

[0024] Figure 42 An example electric heating element is depicted.

[0025] Figure 43 An example Peltier module is described.

[0026] Figure 44 An example electrostatic fluid accelerator (EFA) is depicted.

[0027] Figure 45 A simplified exploded view of an example helmet system with a temperature regulation system according to a non-limiting embodiment is depicted. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Various non-limiting embodiments of this disclosure will now be described to provide a general understanding of the principles of the structure, function, and use of the disclosed systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods. One or more examples of these non-limiting embodiments are illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 45 The selected examples disclosed and described show that the same numbers indicate the same or corresponding elements throughout the view. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods illustrated in the specific description and accompanying drawings are non-limiting embodiments. Features shown or described in connection with one non-limiting embodiment may be combined with features of other non-limiting embodiments. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0029] The examples discussed herein are merely illustrative and are provided to assist in explaining the apparatuses, devices, systems, and methods described herein. For any particular implementation of any of these apparatuses, devices, systems, or methods, the features or components shown in the accompanying drawings or discussed below should not be considered mandatory unless specifically specified as such. For ease of reading and clarity, certain components, modules, or methods may be described only in conjunction with specific drawings. Any identification of specific techniques, arrangements, etc., in this disclosure is either related to the specific example presented or is merely a general description of such techniques, arrangements, etc. Identification of specific details or examples is not intended to be and should not be construed as mandatory or limiting unless specifically specified as such. Any failure to specifically describe a combination or sub-combination of components should not be construed as indicating that any combination or sub-combination is impossible. It will be understood that modifications may be made to the disclosed and described examples, arrangements, configurations, components, elements, apparatuses, devices, systems, methods, etc., and may be desired in particular applications. Furthermore, for any method described, whether or not it is described in conjunction with a series of steps or a flowchart, it should be understood that, unless the context otherwise specifies or requires, any explicit or implicit order of steps performed when executing the method does not imply that these steps must be performed in the order presented, but can be performed in a different order or in parallel.

[0030] Throughout this specification, references to "various embodiments," "some embodiments," "one embodiment," "some exemplary embodiments," "one exemplary embodiment," or "embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the appearance of the terms "in various embodiments," "in some embodiments," "in one embodiment," "some exemplary embodiments," "one exemplary embodiment," or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be combined in any suitable manner.

[0031] Embodiments of this disclosure generally relate to temperature regulation systems for helmets, helmets having temperature regulation systems, methods of using temperature regulation systems with helmets, and methods of manufacturing helmet systems. Such systems and methods can be implemented in a wide variety of situations and applications. Example helmets may consist of one or more layers, shells, sections, rows, columns, grids, geometries, pads, plates, structures, turbines, tubes, or bags of impact-absorbing, impact-mitigating, or impact-dissipating materials, which may generally be referred to herein as protective materials, protective layers, or protective systems. These features can have a wide range of geometries, structures, and configurations. The specific type, size, placement, and structure of the protective material can vary based on various factors such as helmet style, sport or athletic application, user age, user type, helmet size, etc.

[0032] It should be understood that the helmets according to this disclosure can be any of a wide variety of helmet types, such as ski helmets, snowboard helmets, skateboard helmets, toboggan helmets, skeleton helmets, bobsleigh helmets, American football helmets, cycling and commuting helmets, motorcycle helmets, hockey helmets, lacrosse helmets, cricket helmets, rugby helmets, mountaineering helmets, rock climbing helmets, equestrian helmets, baseball helmets, softball helmets, industrial protective helmets, law enforcement helmets, military helmets, astronaut helmets, firefighter helmets, search and rescue helmets, forestry helmets, automotive helmets, recreational helmets, etc.

[0033] In hot weather or high temperatures, some protective materials in a helmet may soften, thus failing to provide their maximum or otherwise optimized protection. In cold weather or low temperatures, some protective materials in a helmet may harden, thus failing to provide their maximum or otherwise optimized protection. According to this disclosure, a helmet with an automatic temperature regulation system is provided, which can regulate and control the temperature of different protective materials and components of the helmet. This automatic temperature regulation system can seek to achieve optimal and maximum protective performance of the different protective materials and components of the helmet, regardless of weather or other environmental conditions. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the temperature regulation system can be used to cool the protective materials of the helmet at warm ambient temperatures based on various control methods. In some embodiments, the temperature regulation system can heat the material of the protective material at cold ambient temperatures. In some embodiments, depending on environmental conditions, the temperature regulation system can selectively heat or cool the protective material.

[0034] Furthermore, according to this disclosure, the temperature regulation system may seek to individually regulate the temperature of one or more specific components of the helmet (such as the outer protective shell and / or one or more inner protective components). Such temperature regulation may be based on specific performance data associated with the materials used to manufacture the specific components of the helmet. Additionally or alternatively, the temperature regulation system may seek to regulate the entire structure (or nearly the entire structure) of the helmet, including the outer / outer shell, the inner liner, and any additional protective layers or materials positioned between them.

[0035] In some embodiments, depending on the structure or materials of the various components of the helmet, multiple different heating / cooling profiles may be used within a single helmet, each of which may be selectively implemented based on real-time use. For example, the first component may be made of a rigid material known to become particularly brittle at cold temperatures, while the second component may be a flexible semi-rigid material known to become brittle only at extremely cold temperatures. In this arrangement, the temperature regulation system may apply heat to the first component after detecting a first temperature threshold, and only apply heat to the second component after detecting a second, cooler temperature threshold. This approach can be advantageous, for example, for maintaining the lifespan of the associated power supply while still seeking to keep the various materials of the helmet within a certain temperature range so that these materials can continue to provide the protective functions they are designed to provide when worn by the user.

[0036] Furthermore, some embodiments of the temperature regulation system can be integrated into or between layers or components that can cool or heat individual layers of the helmet, the entire helmet, or the user's head by using chemical and material-based properties. Various embodiments may use any of a variety of chemicals, such as ethylene glycol, frozen or refrigerated packaging, menthol and methyl salicylate coatings, and iron oxides (as found in air-activated hand warmers). Some embodiments may additionally or alternatively use any of a variety of materials or coatings, such as exothermic resins, carbon fibers, PBT PC, fiber additives, Ultem, black / Vantaa black paint (to absorb heat), expanded polystyrene foam, aerogel felt, and heat-transfer fillers. It is to be understood that various embodiments may utilize one or more of these chemicals and materials to achieve the desired results.

[0037] The impact behavior of various protective materials in helmets can be strongly temperature-dependent. At low or cold temperatures, some materials that are tough at room temperature become brittle. Brittleness indicates that the protective material absorbs relatively little energy during fracture. Furthermore, at high or warm temperatures, some materials exhibit greater toughness and high impact toughness. The toughness of a material is its ability to deform under load. Additionally, the toughness / brittleness transition temperature (DBTT) is the transition temperature at which a tough plastic specimen becomes brittle. More specifically, as... Figure 1 As shown, it is the temperature at which the ductile / brittle transition occurs, making it the boundary between brittle and ductile behavior. Traditionally, DBTT is not necessarily a specific temperature, but rather a temperature distribution within a 10°C range, such as... Figure 1 The transition range is shown in the figure. The brittle-to-ductile transition is an example thermal property that needs to be considered because it helps in understanding partial failure processes (fatigue, overload, or environmental stress cracking). Furthermore, the DBTT observed when cooling the material may not necessarily correspond to the DBTT observed when heating the same material.

[0038] According to this disclosure, based on the DBTT of the protective material, various methods can be used to regulate the temperature of various protective materials of the helmet. For example, one or more embedded conductive layers, structures, or components may be sandwiched or placed between one or more different protective layers or structures of the helmet, or otherwise coupled to these protective layers or structures. In some embodiments, microfilaments or power supply coils may be placed near the protective material and / or embedded in the fabric of the protective material. In some embodiments, heating and cooling materials may include various chemicals, coatings, foils, gels, inks, films, liquids, metals, resins, sheets, strips, paraffin wax, hydrated salts, acids, eutectics, plastics, etc. In some embodiments, the helmet may include an airbag, a ventilation liner, a temperature phase change material (PCM), and vents in the outermost core of the helmet to assist in temperature regulation.

[0039] In some embodiments, various electronically activated components according to this disclosure may be employed, including but not limited to Peltier modules for cooling and / or heating, thermoelectric coolers, phase change materials (PCMs), resistive wiring, lighting elements (such as incandescent / CFL / UV / halogen / LED / OLED), and low-level non-ionizing radiation. Temperature regulation elements may be continuous, discontinuous, or aggregated throughout the helmet. In some embodiments, for example, multiple different types of heating or cooling sources may be deployed in a single helmet.

[0040] The systems and methods described herein can utilize a variety of cooling technologies to maintain a desired robust temperature during high-temperature operating conditions, which may include extreme thermal environments. These technologies may include, but are not limited to, Peltier modules, thermoelectric coolers, phase change materials (PCMs), liquid circulation with cooling fluids, electroactive polymers (leaps) that regulate airflow, dielectric active polymers, active ventilation systems utilizing fans and blowers, flexible blades or heat-conducting fins, synthetic jets, electrofluid accelerators (EFAs), electrohydrodynamic (EHD) air thrusters, ion pumps, ion engines, corona pumps and plasma fans, and fabrics with cooling properties.

[0041] A Peltier module, also known as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), is a solid-state device that converts electrical energy into heat. Traditionally, they consist of two different types of semiconductors, typically bismuth telluride (Bi₂Te₃), optimized for either p-type (positive charge carriers) or n-type (negative charge carriers) conductivity. These semiconductors are electrically connected in series and thermally connected in parallel, with an electrical contact created between them using copper or another conductive material. The semiconductors and electrical connections are sandwiched between two ceramic plates that provide electrical insulation and mechanical support. When a DC current is applied to the Peltier module, one side heats up and the other cools down due to the Peltier effect. The hot and cold sides can be switched by reversing the direction of the current. Figure 43 The example Peltier module 1000 is schematically depicted in the figure.

[0042] The operation of a Peltier module depends on the application of a DC voltage, which causes electrons to flow from the n-type semiconductor to the p-type semiconductor. As electrons move from lower energy levels in the p-type semiconductor to higher energy levels in the n-type semiconductor, they absorb heat from the surrounding environment, causing cooling on one side of the Peltier module, known as the "cold side." Electrons continue to flow through the semiconductor material and release the absorbed heat on the opposite side of the module, known as the "hot side."

[0043] Using Peltier modules as temperature regulating elements in helmet systems according to this disclosure offers several potential advantages, such as high energy efficiency, safety, and flexibility. Peltier modules provide precise temperature control and can deliver uniform heating. Additionally, Peltier modules do not produce emissions or use flammable materials, making them safer and more environmentally friendly than conventional heating technologies. They also offer the advantages of compact size, light weight, and reliability due to the absence of moving parts.

[0044] Electrostatic accelerators (EFAs) are another example of temperature-regulating elements according to this disclosure. EFAs can provide air-side thermal management solutions for advanced microelectronic devices because they have no moving mechanical parts, have an ultra-thin and small form factor structure, and can be adapted to small physical spaces where other mechanical technologies cannot fit. Figure 44 As shown, the EFA 1100 has multiple closely spaced corona electrodes 1104. The close spacing of the corona electrodes is achieved because the corona electrodes are isolated from the excitation electrodes 1102. The excitation electrodes 1102 must be placed asymmetrically between adjacent corona electrodes 1104, or must be coupled with an acceleration electrode.

[0045] The systems and methods according to this disclosure can utilize a variety of temperature-regulating elements to provide controlled heat to maintain a desired toughness temperature under cold operating conditions, including extreme cold environments. These temperature-regulating elements may include, but are not limited to, Peltier effect heating, phase change materials (PCMs), heat-absorbing coatings in the outermost part of the helmet, thermal insulation materials, thermal conductive sheets, conductive materials, textiles, carbon fiber filaments and other types of electrical sheets, resistive wiring, lighting technologies (such as incandescent, CFL, UV, halogen, LED, OLED), low levels of non-ionizing radiation, and even heat emitted from batteries, electronic components, or power sources.

[0046] As an example, some embodiments may use an electric sheet heating system that includes at least one electric sheet heating element made of a flexible, high-resistivity material, with a main electrode connected to the element. Figure 42An example sheet heating system 900 is shown. The sheet heating system 900 can utilize a generally flat, flexible heating element, typically in sheet or pad form, made of a high-resistivity material. The heating element can be made of a flexible material with high resistivity, such as carbon fiber, conductive polymer, or metal alloy wire woven into a fabric or mesh. This high-resistivity material allows it to generate heat efficiently when an electric current passes through it, as the obstruction of electron flow causes the material to heat up. The heating element can have a main electrode or an electrical connection attached to it. When these electrodes are connected to a power source for a temperature regulation system, they allow current to flow through the high-resistivity heating element material, thereby causing it to heat up. The flexibility of the sheet heating element allows it to be bent, rolled, or shaped to conform to various surfaces or features when mounted in a helmet. The sheet heating system 900 can distribute heat evenly while providing installation flexibility and energy efficiency.

[0047] Some of the techniques described herein can further aid in thermal management, heat dissipation, or heat transfer. One example is a thermally conductive plate, also known as a heat sink. Thermally conductive plates can be made of silicon, acrylic resin, carbon fiber, and other materials. Another example of heat dissipation is a flexible blade or thermally conductive plate that can be activated to generate airflow for heat dissipation. Another example technology that can be incorporated into the helmet systems described herein is a vapor chamber, which can help with thermal management of miniaturized electronics with increased internal components. Another example technology that can be incorporated into the helmet systems described herein is a radiator. Radiators typically consist of a metal structure with one or more flat surfaces to ensure good thermal contact with the components to be cooled, and consist of comb-like or fin-like arrays of protrusions to increase surface contact with air, thereby increasing the rate of heat dissipation. Radiators are sometimes used in conjunction with fans to increase the airflow rate over the radiator. This maintains a larger temperature gradient by replacing warm air faster than convection. Therefore, some helmet systems according to this disclosure can utilize fans to increase the rate of heat dissipation, which may be necessary, for example, under extreme operating conditions.

[0048] Therefore, the helmet system according to this disclosure can be configured to provide its protective performance even when worn in extreme conditions, including extreme cold and extreme heat. With the development of climate change, the world is experiencing increasingly frequent and intense extreme weather events, including severe heat waves and harsh cold snaps. Helmets worn by individuals are thus exposed to such weather events, which can degrade the performance of protective materials. However, the temperature regulation system of this disclosure provides a temperature control system capable of operating over a wide temperature range, enabling users to continue working effectively even in such extreme conditions. Therefore, whether exposed to scorching heat or extreme cold, as described herein, the systems and methods of this disclosure can help maintain the optimal temperature of the user's helmet through intelligent heating and cooling mechanisms.

[0049] It should be understood that a wide variety of methods can be used to power the temperature regulation system of a helmet system. In some embodiments, an integrated battery can be used as a power source that is seamlessly integrated into any part of the helmet. This includes batteries of various shapes, such as, but not limited to, square, rectangular, circular, semi-circular, triangular, pentagonal, etc., as shown below. Battery structures can also have different features, such as, but not limited to, stretchable batteries, fibrous batteries, and paper-like batteries. Battery power can also vary from low to high power and from batteries with a single cell to batteries with multiple cells. 3D-designed batteries can utilize the helmet's circumference to allow for seamless integration, which does not hinder the helmet's conventional aerodynamic design.

[0050] The type and placement of the power source can be determined by the helmet design to ensure proper ergonomics and a suitable balance with the increased battery weight. Therefore, the battery or other power source can be positioned, coupled, or otherwise attached to various locations on, within, or near the helmet, as shown below, such as the sides, ear openings, bottom lip of the helmet, front, back, top back, edges, straps, suspension system, padding, independent rotational impact system, integrated rotational impact system, and other placements. In some cases, multiple power sources can be placed in various locations within the helmet. In some embodiments, the power source is placed inside the helmet, while in other embodiments it is placed outside the helmet. For example, the power source can be coupled to the outer surface of the helmet, or otherwise positioned or mounted externally and away from the helmet, but still tethered to the helmet system's electronics.

[0051] Figures 2 to 23 The placement of an example power supply 200 for various types of helmets is illustrated schematically. This is a non-limiting example. Figures 2 to 4 A power supply 200 is schematically depicted positioned on one side of the helmet. As with other embodiments described herein, the power supply 200 can be located inside or outside the helmet. Figures 5 to 7 A power source 200 is schematically depicted in an opening in the helmet (such as an ear canal or other type of opening). Figures 8 to 10 The power supply 200 is schematically depicted in a serpentine configuration positioned on the bottom lip of the helmet. Figures 11 to 12 A power supply 200 coupled to the edge of the helmet is schematically depicted. In various embodiments, the power supply 200 may be coupled to the top of the edge, below the edge, or otherwise positioned inside the edge. Figure 13 A power supply 200 coupled to the front of the helmet is schematically depicted. Figure 14 A power supply 200 coupled to the top of the helmet is schematically depicted. Figure 15 A power supply 200 coupled to the back of the helmet is schematically depicted. Figure 16 A power source 200 coupled to a strap (such as a chin strap) of a helmet is schematically depicted. Figure 17 A power supply 200 coupled to the helmet's suspension system is schematically depicted. (As shown) Figures 18 to 20 As schematically illustrated, in some embodiments, the power supply 200 may be incorporated into or otherwise placed within the helmet's padding or rotation protection system. Figures 21 to 23 An embodiment is schematically depicted where the power source 200 is placed between various layers or other protective structures or features of the helmet. Although Figures 2 to 23 Non-limiting power supply configurations and placements are depicted, but it should be understood that a wide variety of other power supply configurations and placements are within the scope of this disclosure.

[0052] The helmet system according to this disclosure can utilize a battery-based power source. In some embodiments, the battery is a lithium-ion battery, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, other suitable batteries or power sources may include, but are not limited to, lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), lithium nickel aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium titanate (LTO) batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and interdigitated electrode batteries. Furthermore, in addition to lithium-based batteries, other battery types may include nickel metal hydride (NIMH), alkaline, solar, etc. In some embodiments, the battery may have a variety of different technologies, including but not limited to liquid electrolyte batteries (such as liquid lithium-ion batteries), solid-state batteries (SSBs) (which have solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), such as solid lithium batteries), gel electrolytes, and even viscous batteries. In some embodiments, the battery may have a variety of different electrolytes, including but not limited to solid-based electrolyte polymers, liquid-based electrolyte polymers, viscous polymers, solid ceramic electrolytes, liquid organic materials, lithium salts, soluble salts, soluble acids, and other bases in liquid, gel, or dry form. In some embodiments, these may include non-flammable electrolytes. Flame-retardant electrolytes can be integrated, such as, but not limited to, solvent-anchored nonflammable electrolytes (SAFE) can be added to improve battery safety, such as nonflammable electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries, wherein LiFSI (a lithium salt that can be added and synthesized) is added to a polymer-based electrolyte containing flammable solvent molecules. SAFE enables lithium ions to operate at temperatures between 77°F and 212°F. The added salt acts as an anchor for the solvent molecules, preventing them from evaporating. In some embodiments of this disclosure, the salt content of the polymer-based electrolyte can range from 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, to 70% of the total polymer weight. SAFE electrolytes enable the development of high-energy-density and safe batteries. In some embodiments, the battery is made of aluminum, salt, nickel, and ceramic. According to this disclosure, the shape, configuration, and size of the power source utilized by the helmet system can vary. Figures 24 to 26Various shapes of the power supply 200 are schematically shown. However, it will be apparent that other embodiments may utilize power supplies with different shapes or arrangements.

[0053] To ensure reliable and efficient operation in cold weather conditions, some embodiments of this disclosure can utilize batteries, such as sodium-ion batteries, which perform particularly well in such environments. While lithium-ion batteries are the industry standard for many portable electronic devices, sodium-ion batteries offer unique advantages when operating in low-temperature environments. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, which experience performance degradation and capacity loss at cold temperatures, sodium-ion batteries maintain their electrochemical performance and deliver consistent power output even under frozen conditions. This characteristic is particularly beneficial for helmet systems designed for use in harsh, cold climates or industrial applications where temperature fluctuations are common. Furthermore, sodium-ion batteries can have extended cycle life, enabling a higher number of charge / discharge cycles before degradation, which translates to a longer operating life for temperature-regulated systems.

[0054] Furthermore, according to some embodiments, the power source can be tethered to the helmet via a flexible conductor, allowing the user to place or otherwise mount the power source in a goggle strap, pocket, belt, hanging on a lanyard, or otherwise position it within a ski jacket, uniform, body strap, or sweatshirt during use. In some embodiments, the heat generated by the power source can be harvested and applied to various components of the associated helmet. Additionally, the temperature regulation system may include a battery management system (BMS) for the battery to provide feedback on the charging process and ensure that appropriate power delivery is used by the battery electrolyte in a sufficient proportion, rather than being converted into harmful heat.

[0055] In some embodiments, the power source includes a replaceable or rechargeable battery. Different types of battery charging systems may include charging cables, wireless charging, magnetic charging, inductive charging, radio frequency charging, near-field charging, Qi charging, pulse charging, resonant charging, port charging, docking station charging, and other suitable technologies. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the helmet may include an output charging port and / or wireless output charging capabilities to allow a user to charge mobile devices using the helmet's power source.

[0056] For example, rechargeable batteries can be selectively coupled to a charging station via a docking station, charging cable, wireless / inductive connection, or other connection methods. Unrestricted, this embodiment can be used for helmet rentals, professional leagues during athletes' rest periods on the sidelines, or various other use cases. For example, Figure 30An example charging system 300 is schematically depicted. In this example embodiment, the charging system 300 is a fieldside charging system that includes multiple seats 310, each associated with a charging dock 302. A helmet 350 with a temperature control system 352 can be connected to the fieldside charging system 300 via the charging dock 302. For example, the charging dock 302 can be a wired dock or a wireless dock.

[0057] In some embodiments, the temperature regulation system according to this disclosure may have various access points to facilitate easy and quick battery replacement at critical moments, such as in helmet rental or racing scenarios. The helmet system may provide access to battery replacement via a battery cover structure, such as, but not limited to, a battery cover latch, a battery sliding latch, a battery screw on the latch, or a battery locking latch. The latch system may include various applications, such as, but not limited to, mechanical and magnetic applications.

[0058] In some embodiments, the temperature regulation system can use any of an external power source, a stationary power source, or a portable power source and module, which can be charged using charging cables, including but not limited to standard charging cables, low-voltage cables, romex cables, non-metallic or NM cables, NM-B cables, underground feeder (UF) cables, USB-A, Micro-USB, USB-C, Lightning, Thunderbolt, barrel connectors, magnetic charging cables, charging docks, and charging cases. In some embodiments, the helmet system has a receiver port or point to receive power. This embodiment is not limited to professional sports leagues where athletes rest on the sidelines during competition, or other suitable use cases. In some embodiments, the temperature regulation system can collect or otherwise capture or harvest ambient energy from cellular / mobile, radio frequency, TV signals, and other wireless energy sources for power supply. In some cases, solar panels can be integrated into the helmet's external rigid layer to further extend the helmet's battery life.

[0059] Figures 27 to 29 An internal temperature regulation system 252, located within the helmet, is schematically shown. For example, some components of the temperature regulation system 252 may be positioned between the outer protective shell and various flexible or semi-rigid protective features, which may be located inside the outer protective shell. Reference now. Figure 45A simplified exploded view of an example helmet system 1100 with a temperature regulation system 1120 is depicted. The helmet system 1100 may include an outer protective shell 1102 and an inner protective system 1104, examples of which are described in more detail below. The outer protective shell 1102 is made of various materials, including but not limited to rigid plastics, semi-rigid polymers, soft elastomers, or combinations thereof. For example, the choice of material may depend on the specific application and the desired level of protection. For example, the helmet system 1100 may also include a temperature regulation system 1120, which... Figure 45 As schematically shown, the temperature regulation system 1120 can be positioned wholly or partially within a cavity 1103 defined by an outer protective housing 1102. The temperature regulation system 1120 may include a power supply, a processor, a sensor, and one or more temperature regulating elements. As provided above, the power supply can be placed in any suitable location, including outside the helmet. The sensor can generate an output signal based on the sensed temperature and provide that signal to the processor. Based on a control algorithm, the processor can cause the power supply to provide power to the temperature regulating elements. Although for illustrative purposes... Figure 45 A temperature regulating element is shown, but it is to be understood that the temperature regulating system 1120 may include multiple temperature regulating elements that heat, cool, or may selectively heat or cool.

[0060] Additionally or alternatively, the temperature regulation system according to this disclosure can utilize heating and cooling devices, packaging, covers, shells, and / or fans that can be temporarily positioned inside or outside the helmet to rapidly promote various components to reach optimal protective temperatures. For example, Figures 31 to 33 A temperature regulation system 452 that can be positioned on the outer surface of a helmet is schematically shown. Therefore, the temperature regulation system 452 can be a heating pack, a cooling pack, or a combination of both. This temperature regulation system 452 can be placed on the helmet between uses, such as when athletes are on the sidelines of a competition, between helmet rentals, when firefighters are outside a burning structure, or at other suitable times when the helmet is not in use. Furthermore, other embodiments of the temperature regulation system may include heating and cooling devices, packaging, covers, or shells designed to be temporarily or permanently attached to the helmet when it is in use.

[0061] The material of the outer protective shell of the helmet system according to this disclosure can vary, but in some embodiments, the outer protective shell is made of a rigid material, a semi-rigid material, a semi-soft material, a soft shell material, or a combination thereof. The protective layers and materials throughout the helmet may include one or more of the following materials, mixtures of these materials, or blends thereof: ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), ABS flame retardant, ABS high heat, ABS high impact, PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PVC... 20% Glass Fiber Reinforced, PVC Plasticized, PVC Rigid, (PVDF) Polyvinylidene Fluoride, ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate), ASA / PVC Blend, Cellulose Acetate, PC (Polycarbonate), EPP (Expanded Polypropylene), EPS (Expanded Polystyrene), EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acrylate), Vinyl Nitrate, TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane), (ECTFE) Ethylene Trifluoroethylene, (ETFE) Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene, (FEP) Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene, (PE) Polyethylene, (HDPE) High-Density Polyethylene, Polyethylene Glass Fiber, (HIPS) High-Impact Polystyrene, HIPS Flame Retardant, Ionomer (Ethylene-Methyl Acrylate Copolymer), (LCP) Liquid Crystal Polymer, LCP Carbon Fiber Reinforced, LCP Glass Fiber Reinforced, LCP Mineral Filler, (LDPE) Low-Density Polyethylene, (LLDPE) Linear Low-Density Polyethylene, Transparent Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PA 66) Polyamide 6-6, PA 66 Impact Modified Polyamides, (PAI), (PI) Polyimide, (PEI) Polyetherimide, (Aromatic Polyamide) Polyarylamide (including para-arylamide and meta-arylamide), Vectran, (PDMS) Polydimethylsiloxane, Polyamide Imide, (PAR) Polyarylester, (PBT) Polybutylene terephthalate, (PCTFE) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene, (PEEK) Polyetheretherketone, PEEK 30% Carbon Fiber Reinforced, PEEK 30% Glass Fiber Reinforced, (PESU) Polyethersulfone, (PET) Polyethylene terephthalate, (PETG) Polyethylene terephthalate-1,4-Cyclohexanedimethyl ester, (PFA) perfluoroalkoxy, (POM) polyoxymethylene-acetal, POM-acetal impact modified, POM-acetal low-friction, (PP) polypropylene, PP 10-20% glass fiber, PP 10-40% mineral filler, PP 10-40% talc filler, PP 30-40% glass fiber reinforced, PP copolymer, PP homopolymer, PP impact modified, (PPE) polyphenylene ether, (PS) polystyrene crystal, PS high heat, (PCL) polycaprolactone, (PEF) polyvinyl furfural, (PPT) polypropylene terephthalate, (PBAT) polybutylene terephthalate, (PSU) polysulfone, (PTFE) polytetrafluoroethylene, (SAN) styrene-acrylonitrile, (PMA) polymethyl acrylate, (PMMA) polymethyl methacrylate, (PCL) polycaprolactone, (PBAT) polybutylene terephthalate, (P BS) Polybutylene succinate, (PIB) Polyisobutylene, (PBSA) Polybutylene adipate succinate, (ABS) Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, (ASA) Acrylonitrile styrene acrylate, (PVB) Polyvinyl butyral, (PEBAX) Polyether block amide, Polyolefins, Polyolefin copolymers, Military-grade materials, Polyester, Carbon fiber, Carbon foam, Carbon aerogel, Carbon nanosheets, Carbon nanofibers, Carbon nanotubes, Metal ions, Graphene, Titanium, Steel, Iron, Copper, Aluminum, Silicon, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, Zinc, Niobium, Zirconium, Molybdenum, Palladium, Silver, Tin, Selenium, Tantalum, Tungsten, Lead, Gold, Platinum, Impact-absorbing silicon, Shock-absorbing materials, RHEON protective materials, fluids, non-Newtonian fluids, shock gels, fabrics, non-woven fabrics, metals, cotton, elastomers, composite materials. Energy-absorbing foam (available from Dow Automotive), DEFLEXION shock-absorbing material (available from Dow Corning), Kevla, foam plastics, polymers, polymer gels, general-purpose shock-absorbing elastomers, viscoelastic polymers, XRD impact protection (available from Rogers Corporation) (Available from Sobotstein), neoprene rubber (available from DuPont), impact dissipation gel, fluid and foam filling chambers, impact cloud impact absorption systems, foam, rubber, metal, alloy, mineral, etc. In some embodiments, heating elements may be coupled to various surfaces of the outer protective housing for selectively heating them. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, cooling elements may be coupled to various surfaces of the outer protective housing for selectively cooling them.

[0062] One or more protective material layers may be breathable and / or substantially porous to provide ventilation. In some embodiments, the outermost helmet system layer has an automatic ventilation system that helps lower the temperature of the protective layer in warm weather and helps raise the temperature of the protective layer in cold weather. In some embodiments, the padding layer is a mesh material that assists the breathability of the associated helmet padding system to provide faster cooling or heating. The padding layer may be attached to one or more layers. In some embodiments, the padding layer may be substantially detached, and the layers may “float” between each other. In some embodiments, the padding layer is attached to a resilient member or other part of the helmet. In some embodiments, heating elements may be coupled to various surfaces of the padding layer or otherwise embedded in the padding layer for selectively heating them. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, cooling elements may be coupled to various surfaces of the padding layer or otherwise embedded in the padding layer for selectively cooling them. These temperature regulating elements (such as heating and cooling elements) may utilize ventilation and airflow strategies (such as electroactive polymers (EAP)) to dynamically regulate airflow or utilize active ventilation systems with fans and blowers. Heat transfer strategies may additionally assist heating and cooling.

[0063] In some embodiments, the filler layer according to the system and method may include a rate-dependent material, such as a rate-dependent low-density material. Examples of suitable low-density foams include polyester and polyether polyurethane foams. In some embodiments, such foams have a density of about 5 to about 35 psi, more specifically about 10 to about 30 psi, and more specifically about 15 to about 25 psi. and PORON Available from Rogers Corporation, these are open-cell, microporous polyurethane foams and are examples of suitable rate-related foams. However, to provide impact resistance, the filler layer can be any suitable energy-absorbing or rate-related material. Therefore, other rate-related foams, such as high-density foams or other types of materials, can be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0064] In some embodiments, the layers or structures of different protective materials and components in the helmet can be molded, injection molded, compression molded, thermoformed, encapsulated, laminated, or feature-addition fabricated structures (such as 3D or 4D printed materials). The geometry and architecture of such 3D and 4D structures will facilitate the movement or embedding of temperature-regulating components and circuitry within these structures without sacrificing space.

[0065] For example, some helmet systems according to this disclosure may include a helmet padding system having one or more fabric layers. The fabric layers of the helmet padding system may include, for example, but not limited to, polyester, nylon, spandex, ELASTENE (available from Dow Chemical Company), cotton, silver-impregnated fabric for cooling or insulation, and various fabrics for warmth (such as metallic dots (gold, silver, others) to reflect more body heat (heat reflectivity) and similar to space blanket technology, providing instant warmth without sacrificing breathability). The various layers of the padding system, including inner or outer layers, may also be mesh or otherwise porous materials. In some embodiments, the inner and / or outer layers may be blends of various materials, such as spandex / polyester blends. In some embodiments, temperature regulating elements may be coupled to or otherwise embedded in the various surfaces of the padding system layers for selectively heating them. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, temperature regulating elements may be coupled to or otherwise embedded in the padding system for selectively cooling them. In some embodiments, the helmet padding system may incorporate rotational protection systems such as, but not limited to, MIPS (Multidirectional Impact System), internal fluid, SPIN (Internal Shear Pad), turbine technology, low-density layer, Koroyd, Shred, and WaveCel.

[0066] The fabric material covering the interior of the padding system and helmet system can have embedded or localized treatments to achieve moisture-wicking, antibacterial, and other properties. For example, some embodiments can utilize materials provided by MicroPort International Ltd. To achieve antimicrobial protection. In some embodiments, various filling layers include antimicrobial agents, and one or more other fabric layers of the head protection are also treated with antimicrobial agents. For example, antimicrobial protection of the fabric layers may take the form of a chemical coating applied to the fabric. Typically, antimicrobial technologies combat odors by fighting bacteria, resulting in a longer-lasting, fresher odor and minimizing the frequency of washing or rinsing. Any suitable technology can be used to provide a head protection with antimicrobial properties. In one embodiment, for example, the AEGIS Microbe provided by Dow Corning is utilized. Other examples of antibacterial agents include those provided by Dow Chemical Company. Smart Silver, provided by NanoHorizons, and HealthGuard Premium Protection.

[0067] In some embodiments, the helmet system or at least various components of the helmet system are configured to provide moisture-wicking properties. Typically, moisture wicking translates to perspiration management, which attempts to cool the wearer by removing sweat from the skin. Any suitable moisture-wicking material can be used. In one embodiment, a moisture-wicking treatment is applied locally to the fabric of the helmet system. This localized treatment provides the helmet system with the ability to absorb perspiration. Hydrophilic (water-absorbing) processing or treatments typically allow the helmet to absorb residue, while the helmet's hydrophobic (water-repellent) fibers help the helmet dry quickly, keeping the wearer more comfortable. In one embodiment, a blend of hydrophobic (such as polyester) and hydrophilic fibers is used to provide moisture-wicking properties. Thermal and conductive fabrics can also be used to provide energy management for the system. Certain blends of these fibers allow the hydrophilic fibers to absorb fluids, causing them to move over a large surface area, while the hydrophobic fibers accelerate drying time. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, helmet system materials, components, and fabrics, including those from the helmet and sensors, batteries, ports, and electrical components, may include flame retardants and fire-resistant treatments and materials.

[0068] In some embodiments, the helmet system may include one or more sensors that provide real-time input to a control algorithm. Any of a variety of sensors may be used. In some embodiments, the temperature regulation system includes one or more thermocouples. A thermocouple is a temperature sensor consisting of two different metal wires bonded at one end. They operate on the principle of the thermoelectric effect, where a voltage is generated due to the temperature difference between the two junctions. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the temperature regulation system includes one or more resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). RTDs are temperature sensors that operate based on the principle that resistance changes with temperature. They are typically composed of a pure metal (such as platinum, nickel, or copper) whose resistance increases with increasing temperature. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the temperature regulation system includes one or more thermistors. Thermistors are semiconductor-based temperature sensors whose resistance changes significantly even with small temperature changes. They come in two types: negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors, where resistance decreases with increasing temperature, and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistors, where resistance increases with increasing temperature. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the temperature regulation system includes one or more integrated circuit (IC) temperature sensors. IC temperature sensors are solid-state devices that incorporate temperature sensing circuitry within an integrated circuit. These sensors typically use the temperature-dependent characteristics of bipolar transistors or diodes to measure temperature. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the temperature regulation system includes one or more infrared (IR) temperature sensors. Infrared temperature sensors, also known as non-contact temperature sensors, measure the infrared radiation emitted by an object to determine its temperature. Additionally or alternatively, some embodiments of the temperature regulation system include one or more fiber optic temperature sensors. Fiber optic temperature sensors utilize the principle that the optical properties of certain materials change with temperature. These sensors consist of fiber optic cables with temperature-sensitive elements at their tips. They offer advantages such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, high accuracy, and the ability to measure temperature in harsh environments.

[0069] A temperature control system may include a control system designed to regulate the temperature of one or more materials by activating one or more temperature-regulating elements in a controlled manner. At the heart of this control system is a microprocessor or microcontroller unit (MCU) responsible for executing a dedicated control algorithm. Temperature sensors can be strategically placed to accurately measure the temperature of the target material and / or the ambient temperature. In some embodiments, the sensors continuously monitor the temperature and transmit the temperature data to the processor via a suitable interface, such as an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or a digital communication protocol like I2C, SPI, or UART.

[0070] The processor can be programmed with a control algorithm that analyzes received temperature data and compares it to predefined temperature thresholds. These thresholds can be calibrated to trigger specific actions based on a desired temperature range or curve. For example, when a temperature threshold is reached, the processor can trigger the activation of a temperature regulating element. As described above, this temperature regulating element can be a resistive element, a Peltier device, or any other suitable heating mechanism. In some embodiments, the processor can adjust the power applied to the heating element to maintain the temperature within a specific range.

[0071] Depending on the specific requirements of the application, control algorithms can be designed to incorporate various control strategies, such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, fuzzy logic control, or model predictive control. These advanced control techniques enable precise temperature regulation, minimize overshoot or undershoot, and ensure optimal performance. Additionally, the control system can incorporate safety features and fail-safe mechanisms to prevent overheating or thermal runaway. For example, the processor can continuously monitor the temperature and automatically deactivate the temperature regulation element if the temperature exceeds a predefined maximum threshold, thus preventing potential damage or hazardous situations. Furthermore, the control system can be integrated with a user interface (such as a display or indicator array on a helmet or other device) to provide real-time temperature information and allow the user to input or adjust temperature thresholds or other parameters.

[0072] For example, control algorithms can be developed based on key material performance data and insights from various databases. In some embodiments, the more data collected, the better the control algorithm achieves over time. For instance, an embedded temperature sensor in a temperature regulation system can generate a signal in response to real-time temperature conditions. Based on this signal, the energy required to effectively maximize the protective performance of the helmet system can be automatically adjusted. In addition to temperature data, control algorithms can also utilize various parameters, inputs, or other data to optimize temperature regulation through comprehensive information diagnostics of the activity.

[0073] In some embodiments, cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies can be used to develop and optimize control algorithms by leveraging insights and data from various databases. AI and ML algorithms can be employed to analyze vast amounts of historical temperature data, material properties, environmental conditions, and user preferences, enabling the development of highly complex and adaptive control models. Over time, these models can learn and evolve, continuously refining control strategies to provide optimal temperature regulation performance.

[0074] One approach involves training a supervised machine learning model, such as a neural network or support vector machine, using a labeled dataset consisting of temperature profiles, activation of temperature regulating elements, and corresponding desired outcomes. This dataset can be derived from simulations, experimental data, or real-world operational data collected from similar tools or applications. The trained ML model can then be integrated into a control algorithm, enabling it to intelligently determine when to activate or deactivate each temperature regulating element and how to adjust the supplied power to achieve the desired temperature profile. The model can consider various input parameters, such as current temperature, rate of temperature change, material properties, environmental conditions, and user type, to make accurate predictions and adjustments in real time.

[0075] Additionally, reinforcement learning techniques can be employed, where the control algorithm learns through trial-and-error interaction with the system, continuously refining its decision-making process to maximize a predetermined reward function, such as minimizing temperature deviation or optimizing energy efficiency. Furthermore, the control system can leverage insights from various databases, such as material property databases, environmental condition databases, and user preference databases. These databases can provide valuable information about the thermal properties of different materials, the impact of environmental factors on temperature regulation, and specific user preferences or requirements.

[0076] By incorporating this data into an AI / ML model, the control algorithm of this disclosure can adjust its behavior based on the specific material being processed, environmental conditions, and user-defined settings or constraints, enabling highly personalized and context-aware temperature regulation. Furthermore, the control system can be designed to continuously learn and update its model based on real-time feedback and operational data, allowing it to adapt to changes in system or environmental conditions over time, ensuring long-term accuracy and performance.

[0077] For example, sensors for temperature regulation systems can be embedded in fabric, miniaturized, encapsulated, or molded into helmet system components. In some embodiments, sensors can be placed between layers of protective material or fabric to provide additional temperature granularity for various layers or specific components of the helmet. Dedicated and tuned control algorithms can be based on extensive data collection from various mechanical properties, material properties, and / or biomechanical test results of the protective material. Furthermore, control algorithms can be optimized and applied according to the helmet product. Therefore, by using design simulation tools for modeling, control algorithms can be optimized for each use case.

[0078] In some embodiments, the temperature regulation system may also use other sensors and connectivity features (i.e., Bluetooth) to provide the user with additional insights, communication, and entertainment. Some examples include pressure or contact sensors to notify the system when the helmet is worn, enabling energy conservation when not in use. Figure 34A helmet system with a sensor network 540 is schematically illustrated. The sensor network 540 may include a variety of suitable sensors that can generate real-time signals in response to real-time operating conditions. Accelerometers and gyroscopes may also provide insights into velocity and impact data, respectively. For example, a GPS sensor can provide location for automatic emergency notifications by integrating the impact sensor and GPS sensor with a connected mobile phone.

[0079] As used herein, the term sensor broadly includes any component or device configured to provide a specific output based on an input. In this regard, example sensors may include, but are not limited to, accelerometers (for velocity, impact), motion sensors, superconducting quantum interference device (“SQUID”) sensors, magnetometers (for rotational impact), gyroscopes (for angular velocity), and temperature sensors (for ambient and / or body temperature), such as, but not limited to, thermometers, thermocouples, thermistors, semiconductors, infrared sensors, fiber optic sensors, silicon diodes, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), platinum resistance temperature detectors (PRTDs), negative temperature coefficient (NTC) sensors, and long-range wireless temperature sensors. Other sensors that may be incorporated include acoustic sensors, chemical sensors, density sensors, position sensors, fluid sensors, capacitive sensors, proximity sensors, humidity sensors, vibration sensors, radiation sensors, altimeters, tilt sensors, navigation sensors, GPS sensors, 3D indoor positioning, barometric sensors, optical sensors, and image sensors (e.g., video images, still images, brain imaging, etc.). In some embodiments, the various sensors of sensor network 540 may assist in tracking the lifecycle of various components of the helmet system based on usage time, number of impacts, type of use, or other operating parameters. When certain parameters are met or a certain threshold is reached, the temperature regulation system or other associated monitoring system can provide an indication that the helmet or at least its components have reached the end of their life cycle and require replacement or repair.

[0080] From a biometric perspective, helmet systems can also include various sensors, such as, but not limited to, heart rate, respiratory rate, heart rate variability, heart rate reserve, ECG or electrocardiogram, EEG or electroencephalogram, skin temperature, blood oxygen saturation, focus, concentration, and balance. From a communication perspective, various helmet systems can connect to smartphones via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and other means. From an entertainment perspective, helmets can include speakers for users to pair with mobile phones or other networked communication devices and receive real-time alerts (i.e., avalanche warnings due to seismic activity), or small cameras placed in the front of the helmet to record or stream video of the user's activities. Figures 35 to 37A helmet system with various infotainment features, such as a speaker 610, a microphone 612, a camera 614, and a virtual / augmented reality system 616, is schematically illustrated. Other technical features of the helmet system may include an interface with a smart goggle, which is a heads-up display that may have augmented reality, mixed reality (virtual, hybrid, and augmented) for gaming or tracking others, and may also utilize artificial intelligence spatial technology. From a battery or power source perspective, battery sensors enable the user to obtain the status of the battery or power system. Some battery sensors may include, but are not limited to, voltage sensors, electronic battery sensors, and battery temperature sensors.

[0081] The helmet system according to this disclosure may include various types of electronic components, such as flexible circuits, printed circuit boards (PCBs), fuses, wires, connectors, embedded channels and conduits, sensors, actuators, batteries, mounting points, charging ports, charging pads, wireless charging components, docking ports, buttons, and switches. Additional electronics for entertainment and communication may include cameras, speakers, microphones, and augmented or mixed reality goggles.

[0082] The helmet system according to this disclosure may include various types of safety features to protect electronics, sensors, and battery systems. For example, Figure 41 The battery 800 of the temperature regulation system is schematically shown. The housing system 802 can be configured to protect the battery 800 from shock or other environmental conditions. Figure 31The image shows a heatsink 804 as an additional feature that can be used for thermal management. Methods for integrating batteries or other power sources into a helmet system can depend on the expected environmental conditions and impact frequency or exposure of the operating activity. For example, where the liquid in a liquid electrolyte battery may have a limited temperature range, this consideration could assess whether a solid-state battery can provide a safer profile at extreme thermal temperatures. For example, this consideration could include adding a solvent-anchored nonflammable electrolyte (SAFE) that can be added to a lithium-ion battery, where LiFSI (a lithium salt that can be added and synthesized) is added to a polymer-based electrolyte containing flammable solvent molecules, all within the scope of this disclosure. SAFE enables lithium-ion batteries to operate safely at temperatures between 77°F and 212°F. Further considerations include whether the shell and housing are made of ABS, PC, aluminum, or any other material to further protect any electrical components (batteries, sensors, circuitry, PCBs, etc.) of the helmet system, all within the scope of this disclosure. Additional considerations include whether flame-retardant materials are used through coatings (such as intumescent coatings, silicon-based coatings, encapsulation, molding, or any other material, chemical, or technology), all within the scope of this disclosure. For example, some embodiments may include lithium-ion batteries using non-flammable electrolytes. Some embodiments may use heat shields or insulating materials placed around heat-generating components to prevent excessive heat transfer to the surrounding area, thereby protecting adjacent components and ensuring safe operation within temperature limits. Some embodiments may utilize overcurrent protection to prevent excessive current from flowing through electronic components, thereby reducing the risk of overheating and fire. Some embodiments may include thermal management systems, such as, but not limited to, heat sinks, fans, and liquid cooling systems, to dissipate heat generated by electronic components, thereby preventing them from reaching dangerous temperatures. Some embodiments utilize seals and gaskets to seal electronic components, wherein gaskets or O-rings help prevent moisture or other contaminants from entering the electronic components, thereby enhancing reliability and safety. Other embodiments provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Examples of shielding materials include, but are not limited to, conductive foil and metal casings, to protect electronic components from external electromagnetic interference that could potentially cause malfunctions or safety hazards. Some embodiments may include shock protection systems to further utilize protective materials or systems to protect various electrical components of the helmet system, such as batteries, sensors, circuits, PCBs, etc.

[0083] Safety design modeling systems are used to design some of the helmet systems described in this paper to ensure that the components of the helmet system will work harmoniously for a specific helmet design—such as ensuring sufficient space between the heat-sealed protective bag around the battery and its internal electronic components (otherwise, it could weaken the separator between the electrodes and cause a short circuit). Additional modeling can ensure that the insulation banding of individual cells is appropriate, or the thickness of the battery separator is appropriate. In this regard, proprietary databases with large language models and generative artificial intelligence can be used for safety-screened designs.

[0084] Embodiments of this disclosure may seek to provide thermal management and heat dissipation, or otherwise include heat transfer considerations. Some embodiments provide an extreme temperature functional system that allows electronics, batteries, sensors, and the entire helmet system to be tested at extreme temperatures to ensure proper functioning of these systems, as failure to do so may result in battery failure, inability to charge, or other electronic component failure. In extremely low ambient temperatures, it may be necessary to heat electronic components to achieve satisfactory operation. Different methods and techniques (such as, but not limited to, insulation of components) may enable proper functioning at extreme temperatures. For example, some embodiments may include a solvent-anchored nonflammable electrolyte (SAFE) that can be added to a lithium-ion battery, wherein LiFSI (a lithium salt that can be added and synthesized) is added to a polymer-based electrolyte containing flammable solvent molecules. SAFE enables lithium-ion batteries to operate safely at temperatures between 77°F and 212°F, while commercial options cannot operate at 140°F. Additionally, some embodiments may utilize multi-integrated sensor systems to provide additional safety and protection for all materials in the helmet, and ensure that sufficient data points are used to conduct adequate studies on heat transfer, heat dissipation, and overall thermal management to further provide critical information so that the algorithm can make the correct adjustments to inform each helmet design of the correct materials, electrical components, batteries, heating or cooling systems, and configuration.

[0085] like Figures 38 to 40 As schematically illustrated, according to various embodiments, the helmet system may include various types of communication capabilities, such as wireless communication capabilities. In some embodiments, reference is made to... Figures 38 to 40The helmet system 700 can communicate with linked electronic devices 704 on a personal area network (PAN) 702, such as using Bluetooth or other suitable near field communication (NFC) protocols. Using this communication capability, the helmet system 700 can provide the linked electronic devices 704 with information aggregated by one or more sensors. This information can be provided in real-time, near real-time, in batch format, or other suitable periodic or schedule manner. Various types of electronic devices can be linked, such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, desktop computers, wearable devices, etc. In some embodiments, as described in more detail below, the linked, paired, or connected electronic devices can execute dedicated applications configured to collect data and provide users with various visualizations, alerts, information, data, and / or other analyses based on data received from the associated helmet. In some embodiments, one or more of the linked, paired, or connected electronic devices can also communicate with a centralized activity monitoring computing system 710 (such as a cloud-based service) that can collect and aggregate data from multiple helmet systems, including temperature profiles of various components of these helmet systems.

[0086] The activity monitoring computing system 710 can communicate with multiple mobile communication and wearable devices via a communication network. The network can be an electronic communication network, and may include, but is not limited to, the Internet, LAN, WAN, GPRS network, cloud network, other networks, or combinations thereof. The network can include wired, wireless, fiber optic, other connections, or combinations thereof. Typically, the communication network can be any combination of connections and protocols supporting communication between the activity monitoring computing system, mobile communication devices, and other wearable devices.

[0087] The device may also have amplified signal characteristics (antenna type or signal amplifier) ​​to ensure that communication is still possible in situations where cell phone signals are limited or interfered with, such as remote areas, ice rinks, and football stadiums. In some embodiments, the helmet can provide an alert to the wearer when the battery is at 15%, giving the user sufficient time to charge or replace the battery, or to take other actions.

[0088] Referring now to the example manufacturing, the helmet system according to this disclosure can be manufactured through a series of steps integrating various components and systems. In some embodiments, a temperature regulation system is installed in a pre-manufactured helmet as an additional system, such as an "aftermarket" system. In other embodiments, the temperature regulation system is installed during the manufacturing process of the components, such that the temperature regulation system is directly integrated during the manufacturing process.

[0089] In various embodiments of this disclosure, a single component may be replaced with multiple components, and multiple components may be replaced with a single component to perform a given function. Such substitutions are within the scope of this disclosure unless they are not suitable for practicing embodiments of this disclosure. For example, any server described herein may be replaced with a “server farm” or other networked server group (e.g., a server blade group) that is positioned and configured for collaborative functionality. It is understood that a server farm can be used to distribute workloads among / among the various components of the farm and can accelerate computational processes by leveraging the collective and collaborative capabilities of multiple servers. Such a server farm may employ load balancing software to accomplish tasks such as tracking processing power demands from different machines, prioritizing and scheduling tasks based on network demand, and / or providing backup contingency in the event of component failure or reduced operability.

[0090] The examples presented herein are intended to illustrate potential and specific implementations. It is understood that these examples are primarily intended for illustrative purposes to those skilled in the art. No particular aspect of these examples is necessarily intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. For example, no particular aspect of the system architecture, table layout, or report format examples described herein is necessarily intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0091] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the various embodiments described herein, or components or portions thereof, may be implemented in many different embodiments of software, firmware, and / or hardware or modules thereof. The software code or dedicated control hardware used to implement some of these embodiments is not limited to this disclosure. Such software may be stored on any suitable computer-readable medium of any type, such as magnetic or optical storage media. Therefore, the operation and behavior of embodiments are described without specific reference to actual software code or dedicated hardware components. This specific reference is permissible because it is clearly understood that those skilled in the art can design software and control hardware to implement embodiments of this disclosure based on the description herein, using only reasonable effort and without excessive experimentation.

[0092] Systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods may include one or more processors and one or more memory cells, and in particular, may be facilitated by using any suitable processor-based device or system, such as a personal computer, laptop computer, server, host computer, mobile computer, other processor-based device, or collection of multiple computers (e.g., a network). The processor may execute software instructions stored on the memory cells. The processor may be implemented as an integrated circuit (IC) having one or more cores. Memory cells may include volatile and / or non-volatile memory cells. For example, volatile memory cells may include random access memory (RAM). Non-volatile memory cells may include read-only memory (ROM) and mechanical non-volatile memory systems, such as hard disk drives, optical disk drives, or other non-volatile memories. RAM and / or ROM memory cells may be implemented as discrete memory ICs. Memory cells may store executable software and data. When the processor executes the software instructions of various modules, it can cause the processor to perform various operations such as those described herein in the systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods.

[0093] Systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods can store and access data in various databases. Data stored in a database can be stored in non-volatile computer memory, such as hard disk drives, read-only memory (e.g., ROM ICs), or other types of non-volatile memory. In some embodiments, one or more databases within a database can be stored in a remote electronic computer system and can be accessed via a network. As will be understood, various other databases or other types of memory storage structures can be utilized or otherwise associated with the system, apparatus, device, and method.

[0094] Systems, apparatus, devices, and methods may include one or more computer servers, which may include one or more web servers, one or more application servers, and / or other types of servers. The server may enable content to be transmitted over a network in any of several formats between or among monitored devices, one or more dedicated communication hubs, smartphones, and / or remote computing devices. The server may include processors (e.g., CPUs), memory units (e.g., RAM, ROM), non-volatile storage systems (e.g., hard disk drive systems), and other components. The server may use one or more operating systems, including but not limited to Solaris, Linux, Windows Server, or other server operating systems.

[0095] In some embodiments, a web server may provide a graphical web user interface, through which various users can visualize data captured by the monitored device. The graphical web user interface may also be referred to as a graphical user interface, user portal, user interface, graphical client interface, etc. The web server can accept requests from clients (such as HTTP requests) and serve client responses (such as HTTP responses), as well as optional data content (such as web pages (e.g., HTML documents) and linked objects (such as images, videos, documents, data, etc.)). An application server may provide a user interface for users who do not use a web browser to view data captured by the monitored device. Such users may install special software on their computing devices to allow them to communicate with the application server over a network.

[0096] In various embodiments, the systems, apparatuses, devices, and methods described herein can be configured and / or programmed to include one or more of the computer-based elements and components described above. Furthermore, these elements and components can be specifically configured to perform the various rules, algorithms, programs, processes, and method steps described herein.

[0097] Further non-limiting description of the example combination

[0098] Example 1. A helmet system comprising: An outer protective shell that defines the inner cavity; An inner protection system located within the inner cavity, wherein the inner protection system includes a filler layer coupled to the outer protective housing; A temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system includes: At least one temperature regulating element; A power source configured to provide power to the at least one temperature regulating element; A sensor configured to generate an output signal based on a sensed temperature; and a processor communicating with the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to provide power to the at least one temperature regulating element in response to the output signal exceeding a temperature threshold.

[0099] Example 2. The helmet system according to Example 1, wherein the at least one temperature regulating element is directly coupled to the outer protective shell.

[0100] Example 3. The helmet system according to Example 2, wherein, when power is provided, the at least one temperature regulating element applies heat to at least a portion of the outer protective shell.

[0101] Example 4. The helmet system according to Example 2, wherein, when power is provided, the at least one temperature regulating element cools at least a portion of the outer protective shell.

[0102] Example 5. The helmet system according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein the at least one temperature regulating element is directly coupled to the internal protection system.

[0103] Example 6. The helmet system according to Example 5, wherein, when power is provided, the at least one temperature regulating element applies heat to at least a portion of the inner protective system.

[0104] Example 7. The helmet system according to Example 5, wherein, when power is provided, the at least one temperature regulating element cools at least a portion of the internal protective system.

[0105] Example 8. A helmet system according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein the at least one temperature regulating element comprises a first temperature regulating element and a second temperature regulating element.

[0106] Example 9. The helmet system according to Example 8, wherein the processor is configured to generate heat using the first temperature regulating element based on a first temperature curve, and the processor is configured to generate heat using the second temperature regulating element based on a second temperature curve.

[0107] Example 10. The helmet system according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein the at least one temperature regulating element comprises a thermoelectric cooling module.

[0108] Example 11. The helmet system according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein the at least one temperature regulating element comprises a heat-conducting sheet.

[0109] Example 12. The helmet system according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein the at least one temperature regulating element includes a heating device.

[0110] Example 13. A helmet system according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein the at least one temperature regulating element is selectively cooling a portion of the helmet system or selectively heating a portion of the helmet system.

[0111] Example 14. A helmet system according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein the at least one temperature regulating element comprises a first temperature regulating element and a second temperature regulating element, wherein the first temperature regulating element is selectively cooling a portion of the helmet system and the second temperature regulating element is selectively heating a portion of the helmet system.

[0112] Example 15. The helmet system according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein the power source is a rechargeable battery.

[0113] Example 16. The helmet system according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein the power source is a tethered battery.

[0114] Example 17. A helmet system according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein the temperature regulation system comprises one or more of a Peltier module, a phase change material (PCM), a thermal insulation material, a thermally conductive sheet, a conductive material, a carbon fiber filament sheet, and an electrical sheet.

[0115] Example 18. The helmet system according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein the outer protective shell includes a heat-absorbing coating.

[0116] Example 19. A helmet system according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the processor is configured to provide power to the at least one temperature regulating element based on a control algorithm.

[0117] Example 20. The helmet system according to Example 19, wherein the control algorithm is based on material property data.

[0118] Example 21. The helmet system according to Example 20, wherein the control algorithm is a machine learning-based control algorithm.

[0119] Example 22. A helmet system comprising: An outer protective shell that defines the inner cavity; An inner protection system located within the inner cavity, wherein the inner protection system includes a filler layer coupled to the outer protective housing; A temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system includes: A first temperature regulating element, configured to deliver heat to at least the outer protective housing; A second temperature regulating element is configured to deliver heat to at least the internal protection system; A power source configured to provide power to the first temperature regulating element and the second temperature regulating element; At least one sensor, the at least one sensor being configured to generate an output signal based on sensed temperature; and A processor that communicates with the at least one sensor, wherein the processor is configured to selectively provide power to the first temperature regulating element and selectively provide power to the second temperature regulating element.

[0120] Example 23. The helmet system according to Example 22, wherein the processor is configured to generate heat using the first temperature regulating element based on a first temperature curve, and the processor is configured to generate heat using the second temperature regulating element based on a second temperature curve.

[0121] Example 24. The helmet system according to any one of Examples 22 to 23, wherein the first temperature regulating element and the second temperature regulating element each include a heat-conducting sheet.

[0122] Example 25. A helmet system according to any one of Examples 22 to 24, wherein the first temperature regulating element and the second temperature regulating element each include a heating device.

[0123] Example 26. A helmet system comprising: An outer protective shell that defines the inner cavity; An inner protection system located within the inner cavity, wherein the inner protection system includes a filler layer coupled to the outer protective housing; A temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system includes: First temperature regulating element; A power source configured to provide power to the first temperature regulating element; A sensor configured to generate an output signal based on a sensed temperature; and a processor communicating with the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to provide power to a first temperature regulating element in response to the output signal exceeding a first temperature threshold, wherein when power is provided, the first temperature regulating element cools either the inner protection system or the outer protection housing.

[0124] Example 27. The helmet system according to Example 26, wherein the temperature regulation system includes a second temperature regulation element, wherein the processor is configured to provide power to the second temperature regulation element in response to the output signal exceeding a second temperature threshold, wherein when power is provided, the second temperature regulation element heats either the inner protective system or the outer protective shell.

[0125] Example 28. The helmet system according to Example 27, wherein the first temperature regulating element and the second temperature regulating element each include a thermoelectric cooling module.

[0126] Example 29. The helmet system according to Example 27, wherein the first temperature regulating element and the second temperature regulating element each include a cooling device.

[0127] Example 30. A helmet system according to any one of Examples 26 to 29, wherein the power source is retained via a flexible conductor and can be mounted outside the outer protective shell.

[0128] For purposes of illustration and description, the foregoing description of embodiments and examples of this disclosure has been presented. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit this disclosure to the form of description. Many modifications can be made in light of the foregoing teachings. Some of these modifications have been discussed and others will be understood by those skilled in the art. Embodiments have been chosen and described to best illustrate the principles of this disclosure and various embodiments suitable for a particular intended use. Of course, the scope of this disclosure is not limited to the examples or embodiments set forth herein, but can be employed by those skilled in the art in any number of applications and equivalent devices. Rather, the scope of the invention is intended to be defined herein by the appended claims. Furthermore, with respect to any method claimed and / or described, whether or not the method is described in conjunction with a flowchart, it should be understood that, unless the context otherwise specifies or requires, any explicit or implicit order of steps performed in carrying out the method does not imply that these steps must be performed in the presented order, and may be performed in a different order or in parallel.

Claims

1. A helmet system, characterized in that, include: An outer protective shell that defines the inner cavity; An inner protection system located within the inner cavity, wherein the inner protection system includes a filler layer coupled to the outer protective housing; A temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system includes: At least one temperature regulating element; A power source configured to provide power to the at least one temperature regulating element; A sensor configured to generate an output signal based on a sensed temperature; and A processor that communicates with the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to provide power to the at least one temperature regulating element in response to the output signal exceeding a temperature threshold.

2. The helmet system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one temperature regulating element is directly coupled to the outer protective housing.

3. The helmet system according to claim 2, characterized in that, When power is supplied, the at least one temperature regulating element applies heat to at least a portion of the outer protective housing.

4. The helmet system according to claim 2, characterized in that, When power is supplied, the at least one temperature regulating element cools at least a portion of the outer protective housing.

5. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The at least one temperature regulating element is directly coupled to the internal protection system.

6. The helmet system according to claim 5, characterized in that, When power is supplied, the at least one temperature regulating element applies heat to at least a portion of the internal protection system.

7. The helmet system according to claim 5, characterized in that, When power is supplied, the at least one temperature regulating element cools at least a portion of the internal protection system.

8. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The at least one temperature regulating element includes a first temperature regulating element and a second temperature regulating element.

9. The helmet system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The processor is configured to generate heat using the first temperature regulating element based on a first temperature curve, and the processor is configured to generate heat using the second temperature regulating element based on a second temperature curve.

10. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The at least one temperature regulating element includes a thermoelectric cooling module.

11. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The at least one temperature regulating element includes a heat-conducting sheet.

12. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The at least one temperature regulating element includes a heating device.

13. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The at least one temperature regulating element may selectively cool a portion of the helmet system or selectively heat a portion of the helmet system.

14. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The at least one temperature regulating element includes a first temperature regulating element and a second temperature regulating element, wherein the first temperature regulating element can selectively cool a portion of the helmet system, and the second temperature regulating element can selectively heat a portion of the helmet system.

15. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The power source is a rechargeable battery.

16. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The power source is a tethered battery.

17. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The temperature control system includes one or more of the following: a Peltier module, a phase change material (PCM), a thermal insulation material, a thermally conductive sheet, a conductive material, a carbon fiber filament sheet, and an electrical sheet.

18. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The outer protective shell includes a heat-absorbing coating.

19. The helmet system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The processor is configured to provide power to the at least one temperature regulating element based on a control algorithm.

20. The helmet system according to claim 19, characterized in that, The control algorithm is based on material property data.

21. The helmet system according to claim 20, characterized in that, The control algorithm is a machine learning-based control algorithm.

22. A helmet system, characterized in that, include: An outer protective shell that defines the inner cavity; An inner protection system located within the inner cavity, wherein the inner protection system includes a filler layer coupled to the outer protective housing; A temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system includes: A first temperature regulating element, configured to deliver heat to at least the outer protective housing; A second temperature regulating element is configured to deliver heat to at least the internal protection system; A power source configured to provide power to the first temperature regulating element and the second temperature regulating element; At least one sensor, the at least one sensor being configured to generate an output signal based on sensed temperature; and A processor that communicates with the at least one sensor, wherein the processor is configured to selectively provide power to the first temperature regulating element and selectively provide power to the second temperature regulating element.

23. The helmet system according to claim 22, characterized in that, The processor is configured to generate heat using the first temperature regulating element based on a first temperature curve, and the processor is configured to generate heat using the second temperature regulating element based on a second temperature curve.

24. The helmet system according to any one of claims 22 to 23, characterized in that, The first temperature regulating element and the second temperature regulating element each include a heat-conducting sheet.

25. The helmet system according to any one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that, The first temperature regulating element and the second temperature regulating element each include a heating device.

26. A helmet system, characterized in that, include: An outer protective shell that defines the inner cavity; An inner protection system located within the inner cavity, wherein the inner protection system includes a filler layer coupled to the outer protective housing; A temperature control system, wherein the temperature control system includes: First temperature regulating element; A power source configured to provide power to the first temperature regulating element; A sensor configured to generate an output signal based on a sensed temperature; and A processor that communicates with the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to provide power to the first temperature regulating element in response to the output signal exceeding a first temperature threshold, wherein when power is provided, the first temperature regulating element cools either the inner protection system or the outer protection housing.

27. The helmet system according to claim 26, characterized in that, The temperature regulation system includes a second temperature regulation element, wherein the processor is configured to provide power to the second temperature regulation element in response to the output signal exceeding a second temperature threshold, wherein when power is provided, the second temperature regulation element heats either the inner protection system or the outer protection housing.

28. The helmet system according to claim 27, characterized in that, The first temperature regulating element and the second temperature regulating element each include a thermoelectric cooling module.

29. The helmet system according to claim 27, characterized in that, The first temperature regulating element and the second temperature regulating element each include a cooling device.

30. The helmet system according to any one of claims 26 to 29, characterized in that, The power supply is retained via a flexible conductive system and can be installed outside the outer protective housing.

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