Black land plough layer soil construction method based on bio-organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a black land plough layer soil construction method based on a bio-organic fertilizer, and aims to solve the problems of black land soil degradation and fertility decline. The functional bio-organic fertilizer containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria is prepared, and scientific and accurate fertilization is realized by combining soil physicochemical property determination and mathematical model optimization. The method specifically comprises the following steps: measuring the nutrient content and pH value of soil and fertilizer, constructing a mathematical model to obtain optimized application parameters, and continuously improving the soil fertility and productivity by dynamically adjusting the fertilizer application amount and evaluating the soil fertility, thereby reducing the dependence on chemical fertilizer, improving the soil structure and improving the crop yield. The method has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, accuracy, high efficiency and high sustainability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of agricultural soil improvement, and in particular to a method for constructing a topsoil layer in black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer. This method constructs a fertile topsoil layer by combining the scientific application of bio-organic fertilizer with the optimization of mathematical models, thereby improving the productivity and sustainability of black soil. Background Technology

[0002] Black soil is an important agricultural resource, but due to long-term high-intensity use and unreasonable farming practices, it faces problems such as soil degradation and declining fertility. Current technologies rely heavily on experience for the application of bio-organic fertilizers, lacking a systematic approach that combines mathematical models to optimize soil improvement effects. This makes precise application and efficient improvement difficult, leaving room for improvement in the efficiency and effectiveness of black soil remediation technologies.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for constructing the topsoil layer of black soil that combines bio-organic fertilizer and mathematical models. By scientifically applying bio-organic fertilizer and using mathematical models to optimize the application scheme, the soil improvement effect and the sustainable utilization capacity of black soil can be enhanced. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned methods of applying bio-organic fertilizer, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem solved by this invention is to address the lack of a systematic method for optimizing soil improvement effects by incorporating mathematical models in existing bio-organic fertilizer application methods, which makes it difficult to achieve precise application and efficient improvement.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for constructing a topsoil layer in black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Preparation of Bio-organic Fertilizer

[0009] Bio-organic fertilizer is prepared using livestock and poultry manure, straw, and kitchen waste as raw materials through fermentation, composting, and high-temperature sterilization processes; functional microbial agents are added during the fermentation process.

[0010] S2: Soil physicochemical property determination

[0011] ① Determine the soil nutrient content α in black soil samples;

[0012] Among them, the soil nutrient content α of the black soil sample is α=α 氮 +α 磷 +α 钾 ;

[0013] ② Determine the soil nutrient content τ of the bio-organic fertilizer sample;

[0014] Among them, the soil nutrient content τ=τ of the bio-organic fertilizer sample 氮 +τ 磷 +τ 钾 ;

[0015] S3: Mathematical Model Construction

[0016] Based on the property parameters measured in step S2, a mathematical model is constructed to obtain the initial optimized application parameters.

[0017] S4: Apply fertilizer for the first time according to the initial optimized application parameters, and then conduct a soil condition assessment to obtain soil fertility.

[0018] S5: Based on the effect of the initial fertilization, obtain the optimized application parameters for the next fertilization;

[0019] S6: Apply fertilizer one by one, and record the data simultaneously.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing the topsoil layer of black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer according to the present invention, the functional microbial agents added during the preparation of bio-organic fertilizer include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing the topsoil layer of black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer according to the present invention, the initial optimized application parameters obtained in step S3 based on the constructed mathematical model specifically include:

[0022]

[0023] Where δ represents the initial optimized application parameters; m represents the fertilization area; n represents the amount of bio-organic fertilizer applied per unit square meter of blank soil to achieve the target soil nutrient content; α represents the soil nutrient content of the black soil sample; τ represents the soil nutrient content of the bio-organic fertilizer sample; α 预 The target soil nutrient content for black soil samples.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing the topsoil layer of black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer according to the present invention, wherein: in S4, the soil fertility is obtained according to any one of the following two schemes:

[0025] ① By measuring a series of biofertility indicators, such as soil microbial composition and abundance of functional genes related to nutrient transformation, the effect of bio-organic fertilizer on improving soil biofertility was obtained;

[0026] ③ By measuring indicators such as corn yield, dry matter accumulation, and nutrient absorption, the promoting effect of bio-organic fertilizer on corn growth and yield can be obtained.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing the topsoil layer of black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer according to the present invention, the method for obtaining optimized application parameters for the next fertilization based on the effect of the initial fertilization specifically includes the following steps:

[0028] Q1: Establish a coordinate system with the fertilization time sequence as the X-axis and soil fertility as the Y-axis;

[0029] Q2: Input the 0 point and the soil fertility parameters after the first fertilization into the coordinate system as reference points;

[0030] Q3: A smooth curve connects two reference points;

[0031] Q4: The subsequent fertilization interval is consistent with the duration of the first fertilization. Based on the generated curve, the curve range of subsequent fertilizations is predicted one by one to obtain the soil fertility range of subsequent fertilizations.

[0032] Q5: Based on the estimated soil fertility range, obtain the amount of fertilizer to be applied in reverse order.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing the topsoil layer of black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer as described in this invention, when predicting the range of subsequent fertilization curves based on the generated curves, the derivative values ​​of each point on the pre-generated curves are controlled to be within (0, 1).

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing the topsoil layer of black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer as described in this invention, the derivative value of each point on the pre-generation curve is controlled to be ln2.

[0035] This invention provides a method for constructing the topsoil layer of black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. Improve soil fertility: By scientifically applying bio-organic fertilizers and functional microbial agents (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria), the nutrient content and structure of the soil can be improved, thereby enhancing soil fertility.

[0037] 2. Increase crop yield: By optimizing fertilization, improving soil conditions, promoting crop growth, and increasing yield and quality, the effectiveness of fertilization can be reflected by measuring indicators such as corn yield.

[0038] 3. Scientific and precise: Combining mathematical models, precise fertilization is achieved, improving resource utilization efficiency, reducing costs, and avoiding the blindness and waste of traditional methods.

[0039] 4. Continuous improvement: By dynamically adjusting the fertilization plan, maintain the long-term stability of soil fertility, enhance the sustainable utilization capacity of black soil, prevent soil degradation, and improve productivity.

[0040] This invention constructs a comprehensive and efficient soil improvement scheme that takes into account agricultural production increase, environmental protection and resource conservation, and has important practical significance. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0042] Figure 1 The flowchart of the method for constructing the topsoil layer of black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer provided by the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 The flowchart of the method for obtaining optimized application parameters for the next fertilization based on the effect of the initial fertilization provided by the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] In existing technologies, the application of bio-organic fertilizers relies heavily on experience and lacks a systematic approach that combines mathematical models to optimize soil improvement effects. This makes it difficult to achieve precise application and efficient improvement, resulting in room for improvement in the efficiency and effectiveness of black soil construction technology.

[0046] Therefore, please refer to Figure 1 This invention provides a method for constructing a topsoil layer in black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1: Preparation of Bio-organic Fertilizer

[0048] Bio-organic fertilizer is prepared using livestock and poultry manure, straw, and kitchen waste as raw materials through fermentation, composting, and high-temperature sterilization processes; functional microbial agents are added during the fermentation process.

[0049] It should be noted that bio-organic fertilizer is a type of fertilizer prepared through fermentation and composting processes. It combines natural organic raw materials and functional microbial agents, and has the functions of improving soil, enhancing fertility, and promoting crop growth. The following is a detailed explanation of the technologies involved in step S1:

[0050] 1. Raw material selection

[0051] The preparation of bio-organic fertilizer uses livestock and poultry manure, straw, and kitchen waste as raw materials. The selection of these raw materials is based on the following reasons:

[0052] Livestock and poultry manure: rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it is an important source of organic fertilizer.

[0053] Straw: It contains a rich carbon source, which helps to regulate the carbon-nitrogen ratio of fertilizers and improve soil structure.

[0054] Food waste contains organic matter and trace elements, which can provide additional nutrients and enrich the composition of fertilizer.

[0055] 2. Fermentation and composting process

[0056] Fermentation is a key step in the preparation of bio-organic fertilizer, and it is usually divided into two stages:

[0057] Fermentation stage:

[0058] Condition control: The fermentation temperature is generally controlled at 50-60℃, the humidity is maintained at 60-70%, and the oxygen supply is sufficient to promote the activity of aerobic bacteria.

[0059] Function: During fermentation, organic matter is decomposed by microorganisms, producing carbon dioxide, water and humus, while releasing nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium).

[0060] Time: Fermentation time is usually 7-15 days, depending on the type of raw materials, environmental conditions and microbial activity.

[0061] Maturation stage:

[0062] Function: Composting is a continuation of fermentation, further degrading incompletely decomposed organic matter, making the fertilizer more stable, and avoiding burning of crop roots.

[0063] Condition control: The composting stage is usually carried out at a low temperature (20-30℃) and lasts for 10-30 days, depending on the type of raw materials and the degree of fermentation.

[0064] 3. High-temperature sterilization process

[0065] High-temperature sterilization is an important step in the preparation of bio-organic fertilizer, mainly used to kill harmful microorganisms and pathogens, ensuring the safety and stability of the fertilizer.

[0066] Sterilization temperature and time: Usually, high temperature (80-100℃) treatment is used for 10-30 minutes. The specific temperature and time depend on the type of raw material and the sterilization target.

[0067] Function: High-temperature sterilization can effectively kill harmful organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and insect eggs, while retaining beneficial components in fertilizers (such as organic matter, nutrients and functional microbial agents).

[0068] Precautions: Temperature and time need to be controlled during high-temperature sterilization to avoid over-sterilization and loss of beneficial components.

[0069] 4. Addition of functional microbial agents

[0070] The addition of functional microbial agents is an important feature that distinguishes bio-organic fertilizer from ordinary organic fertilizer, and can significantly improve the fertilizer effect.

[0071] Types of functional microbial agents:

[0072] Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: They can fix nitrogen from the air and increase the nitrogen content in the soil.

[0073] Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: can convert insoluble phosphorus in the soil into available phosphorus that can be absorbed by plants.

[0074] Potassium-solubilizing bacteria: They can decompose insoluble potassium in the soil, increasing the available potassium content in the soil.

[0075] Timing of addition: Functional microbial agents are usually added during the fermentation or composting stage to ensure that the agents are in full contact with organic matter, thereby improving their activity and effectiveness.

[0076] Addition method: Functional microbial agents can be added in liquid or solid form, usually mixed evenly with organic raw materials in a certain proportion (such as 1-5%).

[0077] 5. Technological advantages

[0078] Nutrient-rich: Through fermentation and composting processes, the nutrients in organic raw materials are fully released and transformed, providing crops with the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements they need.

[0079] Functional microbial agents: Functional microbial agents can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and promote crop growth.

[0080] Environmentally friendly: Bio-organic fertilizers can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, reduce environmental pollution, and promote sustainable agricultural development.

[0081] By combining the above technologies, step S1 can produce efficient and environmentally friendly bio-organic fertilizer, providing strong support for subsequent soil improvement and crop growth.

[0082] S2: Soil physicochemical property determination

[0083] ① Determine the soil nutrient content α in black soil samples;

[0084] Among them, the soil nutrient content α of the black soil sample is α=α 氮 +α 磷 +α 钾 ;

[0085] ② Determine the soil nutrient content τ of the bio-organic fertilizer sample;

[0086] Among them, the soil nutrient content τ=τ of the bio-organic fertilizer sample 氮 +τ 磷 +τ 钾 ;

[0087] S3: Mathematical Model Construction

[0088] Based on the property parameters measured in step S2, a mathematical model is constructed to obtain the initial optimized application parameters.

[0089] S4: Apply fertilizer for the first time based on the initial optimized application parameters, and then conduct a soil condition assessment to obtain soil fertility.

[0090] S5: Based on the effect of the initial fertilization, obtain the optimized application parameters for the next fertilization;

[0091] S6: Apply fertilizer one by one, and record the data simultaneously.

[0092] Specifically, the functional microbial agents added during the preparation of bio-organic fertilizer include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

[0093] It should be noted that the functional microbial agents selected in this invention are all existing conventional microbial agents, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0094] Furthermore, the initial optimization application parameters obtained in step S3 based on the constructed mathematical model specifically include:

[0095]

[0096] Where δ represents the initial optimized application parameters; m represents the fertilization area; n represents the amount of bio-organic fertilizer applied per unit square meter of blank soil to achieve the target soil nutrient content; α represents the soil nutrient content of the black soil sample; τ represents the soil nutrient content of the bio-organic fertilizer sample; α 预 The target soil nutrient content for black soil samples.

[0097] It should be noted that in generating the above model: firstly, the difference ratio between the target content and the bio-organic fertilizer sample is obtained in fractional form. Focusing on the numerator, the degree of difference between the soil nutrient content of the original black soil sample and the target soil nutrient content of the black soil sample is obtained through the L2 norm expression. Then, combined with the numerator, the difference ratio between the target content and the bio-organic fertilizer sample is obtained. Given the ratio, the amount of bio-organic fertilizer sample (g) to achieve the target soil nutrient content per unit square of blank soil is obtained in advance, and combined with the fertilization area, the initial optimized application parameters (g) are obtained.

[0098] Additionally, soil fertility in S4 is obtained using either of the following two methods:

[0099] ① By measuring a series of biofertility indicators, such as soil microbial composition and abundance of functional genes related to nutrient transformation, the effect of bio-organic fertilizer on improving soil biofertility was obtained;

[0100] ② By measuring indicators such as corn yield, dry matter accumulation, and nutrient absorption, the promoting effect of bio-organic fertilizer on corn growth and yield can be obtained.

[0101] It should be noted that:

[0102] Option 1: Assess biofertility by measuring soil microbial composition and functional gene abundance.

[0103] 1. Determination of soil microbial composition

[0104] Objective: To assess the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities and to understand the changes in microorganisms after fertilization.

[0105] method:

[0106] Sample collection: Collect representative samples from the soil after fertilization to ensure the uniformity and representativeness of the samples.

[0107] DNA extraction: Total DNA was extracted from the soil using a soil DNA extraction kit.

[0108] High-throughput sequencing: 16S rRNA gene sequencing (bacteria) or ITS sequencing (fungi) is performed using the Illumina MiSeq or HiSeq platform to analyze the composition and diversity of microbial communities.

[0109] Data analysis: Using bioinformatics tools (such as QIIME and Mothur) to process data and analyze the species, abundance, and community structure of microorganisms.

[0110] 2. Determine the abundance of nutrient transformation-related functional genes.

[0111] Objective: To assess the abundance of functional genes related to nutrient transformation in soil and to understand the impact of fertilization on nutrient transformation processes.

[0112] method:

[0113] Target gene selection: Select functional genes related to the transformation of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, such as nifH (nitrogen fixation gene), phoD (phosphorus solubilization gene), and kut (potassium solubilization gene).

[0114] PCR amplification: Specific primers are used to amplify the target gene using PCR to ensure the specificity and efficiency of the amplification.

[0115] Quantitative analysis: The abundance of the target gene is quantitatively determined using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) or digital PCR (dPCR) technology.

[0116] Data analysis: Compare the abundance differences of functional genes in different treatment groups (fertilized and unfertilized) to assess the impact of fertilization on nutrient transformation function.

[0117] 3. Evaluate the effect of biological fertility enhancement

[0118] Indicator Analysis:

[0119] Microbial diversity indices (such as the Shannon index and the Simpson index) reflect the richness and evenness of soil microbial communities.

[0120] Changes in the abundance of functional genes: Compare the changes in the abundance of functional genes before and after fertilization to assess the promoting effect of fertilization on nutrient conversion.

[0121] Conclusion: By comprehensively evaluating the above indicators, the effect of bio-organic fertilizer on improving soil biofertility can be used to provide a scientific basis for subsequent fertilization optimization.

[0122] Option 2: Assess the effectiveness of fertilization by measuring corn yield, dry matter accumulation, and nutrient uptake.

[0123] 1. Measuring corn yield

[0124] Objective: To evaluate the effect of fertilization on maize yield.

[0125] method:

[0126] Field experiment design: Set up different fertilization treatment groups (such as different fertilization amounts, fertilization times, etc.) and control groups to ensure the scientific nature and comparability of the experimental design.

[0127] Yield determination: At the corn maturity stage, harvest and weigh the total corn yield (kernels and stalks) and record the data.

[0128] Data analysis: Compare maize yields in different treatment groups to evaluate the yield-promoting effect of fertilization.

[0129] 2. Determine the amount of dry matter accumulation.

[0130] Objective: To evaluate the impact of fertilization on dry matter accumulation during maize growth.

[0131] method:

[0132] Sampling time: Sampling should be carried out during the key growth stages of corn (such as the jointing stage, tasseling stage, and maturity stage).

[0133] Sample preparation: The sampled corn plants (including roots, stems, leaves and kernels) were dried to constant weight and the dry matter weight was determined.

[0134] Data analysis: The differences in dry matter accumulation in maize among different treatment groups were analyzed to assess the promoting effect of fertilization on plant growth.

[0135] 3. Determine nutrient absorption.

[0136] Objective: To evaluate the impact of fertilization on nutrient absorption in maize and to understand the effect of fertilization on improving crop nutrient utilization efficiency.

[0137] method:

[0138] Sample collection: During the corn maturity period, corn kernels and straw samples were collected.

[0139] Nutrient determination: The content of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the sample is determined using chemical analysis methods (such as ICP-MS, AAS, etc.).

[0140] Data analysis: Compare the differences in nutrient uptake in maize among different treatment groups to evaluate the promoting effect of fertilization on nutrient uptake.

[0141] 4. Evaluate the effectiveness of fertilization

[0142] Indicator Analysis:

[0143] Maize yield: Compare maize yields of different treatment groups to assess the effect of fertilization on yield.

[0144] Dry matter accumulation: The differences in dry matter accumulation of maize in different treatment groups were analyzed to evaluate the promoting effect of fertilization on plant growth.

[0145] Nutrient uptake: Compare the differences in nutrient uptake in maize among different treatment groups to assess the promoting effect of fertilization on nutrient uptake.

[0146] Conclusion: By comprehensively evaluating the above indicators, the promoting effect of bio-organic fertilizer on maize growth and yield can provide a scientific basis for subsequent fertilization optimization.

[0147] Advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of the two schemes

[0148] Advantages of Option ①:

[0149] It can directly reflect changes in soil microbial communities and functional genes, and assess the effect of fertilization on improving soil biofertility.

[0150] It is suitable for studying the impact of fertilization on soil ecosystems and providing scientific evidence.

[0151] Disadvantages of Option ①:

[0152] The experiment is complex and requires advanced technical and equipment support.

[0153] Data analysis and interpretation require expertise and can increase research costs and time.

[0154] Advantages of Option ②:

[0155] It directly reflects the actual impact of fertilization on crop growth and yield, and evaluates the effectiveness of fertilization.

[0156] The experimental procedure is relatively simple and easy to promote and apply in the field.

[0157] Disadvantages of Option ②:

[0158] It only reflects the growth and yield of crops and cannot directly assess the impact of fertilization on soil biological fertility.

[0159] The results are greatly affected by environmental factors (such as climate and soil type), which may affect the accuracy of the results.

[0160] Applicable scenarios:

[0161] Option ① is applicable to studies on the impact of fertilization on soil ecosystems and provides scientific evidence.

[0162] Scheme ② is applicable to assessing the promoting effect of fertilization on actual crop growth and yield, and to guiding agricultural production practices.

[0163] Summarize

[0164] Scheme ① and Scheme ② can be used to evaluate the fertilization effect of bio-organic fertilizer from two aspects: soil biofertility and crop growth and yield, respectively. Scheme ① focuses on changes in soil microorganisms and functional genes, providing a scientific basis; Scheme ② focuses on the actual growth of crops, guiding agricultural production practices. Depending on the research objectives and actual needs, one scheme or a combination of schemes can be selected to comprehensively evaluate the fertilization effect of bio-organic fertilizer and provide a scientific basis for subsequent fertilization optimization.

[0165] Furthermore, see Figure 2Based on the effect of the initial fertilization, obtaining the optimized application parameters for the next fertilization includes the following steps:

[0166] Q1: Establish a coordinate system with the fertilization time sequence as the X-axis and soil fertility as the Y-axis;

[0167] Q2: Input the 0 point and the soil fertility parameters after the first fertilization into the coordinate system as reference points;

[0168] Q3: A smooth curve connects two reference points;

[0169] Q4: The subsequent fertilization interval is consistent with the duration of the first fertilization. Based on the generated curve, the curve range of subsequent fertilizations is predicted one by one to obtain the soil fertility range of subsequent fertilizations.

[0170] Q5: Based on the estimated soil fertility range, obtain the amount of fertilizer to be applied in reverse order.

[0171] Specifically, when predicting the range of subsequent fertilization curves based on the generated curves, the derivative values ​​of each point on the pre-generated curve should be controlled to be within (0, 1).

[0172] Specifically, the derivative value of each point on the pre-generated curve is controlled to be ln2.

[0173] This invention provides a method for constructing the topsoil layer of black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0174] 1. Improve soil fertility: By scientifically applying bio-organic fertilizers and functional microbial agents (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria), the nutrient content and structure of the soil can be improved, thereby enhancing soil fertility.

[0175] 2. Increase crop yield: By optimizing fertilization, improving soil conditions, promoting crop growth, and increasing yield and quality, the effectiveness of fertilization can be reflected by measuring indicators such as corn yield.

[0176] 3. Scientific and precise: Combining mathematical models, precise fertilization is achieved, improving resource utilization efficiency, reducing costs, and avoiding the blindness and waste of traditional methods.

[0177] 4. Continuous improvement: By dynamically adjusting the fertilization plan, maintain the long-term stability of soil fertility, enhance the sustainable utilization capacity of black soil, prevent soil degradation, and improve productivity.

[0178] This invention constructs a comprehensive and efficient soil improvement scheme that takes into account agricultural production increase, environmental protection and resource conservation, and has important practical significance.

[0179] Experimental verification process

[0180] To verify the superior technical effects of the black soil topsoil construction method based on bio-organic fertilizer, we designed a complete experimental procedure, including experimental design, implementation steps, data collection and analysis, and results presentation. The detailed experimental verification process is as follows:

[0181] 1. Experimental Design

[0182] Objective: To evaluate the impact of bio-organic fertilizer on soil fertility and maize growth in black soil and to verify its superior technical effects.

[0183] Processing group design:

[0184] T1: Apply bio-organic fertilizer (according to optimized application parameters)

[0185] T2: Application of traditional chemical fertilizers

[0186] CK: No fertilizer (control group)

[0187] Experimental site: Select a representative black soil area to ensure that the soil type, climate conditions, etc. are consistent.

[0188] Experimental period: a complete corn growth cycle, from sowing to harvest.

[0189] Number of replicates: Three replicates were set for each treatment group to reduce experimental error.

[0190] 2. Experiment Implementation Steps

[0191] Step 1: Soil Sample Collection

[0192] Before the experiment began, soil samples were collected to determine the initial soil nutrient content and pH value.

[0193] Measurement indicators: soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and pH value.

[0194] Step 2: Preparation of Bio-organic Fertilizer

[0195] Bio-organic fertilizer is prepared according to the technical plan, with the addition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

[0196] Ensure that the nutrient content of the bio-organic fertilizer meets the design requirements.

[0197] Step 3: Fertilization

[0198] Bio-organic fertilizer was applied to the T1 treatment group according to the optimized application parameters.

[0199] Traditional chemical fertilizers were applied to the T2 treatment group, with the amount of fertilizer applied being the same as that applied to the T1 group.

[0200] The control group received no fertilizer.

[0201] Step 4: Field Management

[0202] Unified field management, including sowing, irrigation, and pest and disease control, was implemented to ensure consistency in management measures across all treatment groups.

[0203] Step 5: Soil Condition Assessment

[0204] Soil samples were collected during key growth stages of maize (such as the jointing stage, tasseling stage, and maturity stage) to determine soil nutrient content and pH value.

[0205] Measurement indicators: soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and pH value.

[0206] Step 6: Crop growth monitoring

[0207] Regularly measure growth indicators of corn, such as plant height, number of leaves, and dry matter accumulation.

[0208] During the ripening period, the yield and nutrient content of the corn kernels are measured.

[0209] 3. Data Collection and Analysis

[0210] Data collection:

[0211] Soil nutrient content: Soil nutrient content of each treatment group was measured at different time points.

[0212] Corn growth indicators: Record corn plant height, number of leaves, dry matter accumulation, etc.

[0213] Maize yield: The maize yield and kernel nutrient content of each treatment group were measured.

[0214] Data Analysis:

[0215] Use statistical methods (such as t-test, ANOVA) to compare differences between different treatment groups.

[0216] Calculate the nutrient utilization rate, yield growth rate, and other indicators for each treatment group.

[0217] 4. Data Table

[0218] Table 1: Results of Soil Nutrient Content Measurement

[0219]

[0220]

[0221] Table 2: Results of Maize Growth Indicators Measurement

[0222]

[0223] Table 3: Results of Maize Yield and Nutrient Content Measurement

[0224]

[0225] 5. Data Analysis and Results Presentation

[0226] Soil nutrient content analysis:

[0227] The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the T1 treatment group were significantly higher than those in the T2 and CK treatment groups at all time points (p<0.05).

[0228] Soil pH was maintained at 6.2-6.5 in the T1 treatment group, which is suitable for the growth of most crops.

[0229] Analysis of maize growth indicators:

[0230] The maize plant height, number of leaves, and dry matter accumulation in the T1 treatment group were significantly higher than those in the T2 and CK treatment groups at all time points (p<0.05).

[0231] The growth rate and biomass accumulation of maize were best in the T1 treatment group.

[0232] Analysis of corn yield and nutrient content:

[0233] The maize yield in the T1 treatment group was significantly higher than that in the T2 and CK treatment groups (p<0.05), with a yield increase of approximately 21.4%.

[0234] The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of the grains in the T1 treatment group were significantly higher than those in other treatment groups, indicating that bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the nutrient absorption efficiency of maize.

[0235] Conclusion: The experimental data show that the application of bio-organic fertilizer-based topsoil construction methods in black soil significantly improves soil fertility and maize growth performance. Compared with traditional chemical fertilizers, bio-organic fertilizers have significant advantages in increasing soil organic matter, nutrient content, and crop yield. Furthermore, the use of bio-organic fertilizers also increases the nutrient content of maize kernels, contributing to the production of higher quality agricultural products.

[0236] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing the topsoil layer in black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Preparation of Bio-organic Fertilizer Bio-organic fertilizer is prepared using livestock and poultry manure, straw, and kitchen waste as raw materials through fermentation, composting, and high-temperature sterilization processes; functional microbial agents are added during the fermentation process. S2: Soil physicochemical property determination ① Determine the soil nutrient content α in black soil samples; Among them, the soil nutrient content α of the black soil sample is α=α 氮 +α 磷 +α 钾 ; ② Determine the soil nutrient content τ of the bio-organic fertilizer sample; Among them, the soil nutrient content τ=τ of the bio-organic fertilizer sample 氮 +τ 磷 +τ 钾 ; S3: Mathematical Model Construction Based on the property parameters measured in step S2, a mathematical model is constructed to obtain the initial optimized application parameters. S4: Apply fertilizer for the first time according to the initial optimized application parameters, and then conduct a soil condition assessment to obtain soil fertility. S5: Based on the effect of the initial fertilization, obtain the optimized application parameters for the next fertilization; S6: Apply fertilizer one by one, and record the data simultaneously.

2. The method for constructing a topsoil layer in black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional microbial agents added during the preparation of bio-organic fertilizer include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

3. The method for constructing a topsoil layer in black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The initial optimization application parameters obtained in step S3 based on the constructed mathematical model specifically include: Where δ represents the initial optimized application parameters; m represents the fertilization area; n represents the amount of bio-organic fertilizer applied per unit square meter of blank soil to achieve the target soil nutrient content; α represents the soil nutrient content of the black soil sample; τ represents the soil nutrient content of the bio-organic fertilizer sample; α 预 The target soil nutrient content for black soil samples.

4. The method for constructing a topsoil layer in black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that, In S4, soil fertility is obtained based on either of the following two methods: ① By measuring a series of biofertility indicators, such as soil microbial composition and abundance of functional genes related to nutrient transformation, the effect of bio-organic fertilizer on improving soil biofertility was obtained; ③ By measuring indicators such as corn yield, dry matter accumulation, and nutrient absorption, the promoting effect of bio-organic fertilizer on corn growth and yield can be obtained.

5. The method for constructing a topsoil layer in black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the effect of the initial fertilization, obtaining the optimized application parameters for the next fertilization includes the following steps: Q1: Establish a coordinate system with the fertilization time sequence as the X-axis and soil fertility as the Y-axis; Q2: Input the 0 point and the soil fertility parameters after the first fertilization into the coordinate system as reference points; Q3: A smooth curve connects two reference points; Q4: The subsequent fertilization interval is consistent with the duration of the first fertilization. Based on the generated curve, the curve range of subsequent fertilizations is predicted one by one to obtain the soil fertility range of subsequent fertilizations. Q5: Based on the estimated soil fertility range, obtain the amount of fertilizer to be applied in reverse order.

6. The method for constructing a topsoil layer in black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: When predicting the range of subsequent fertilization curves based on the generated curves, the derivative values ​​of each point on the pre-generated curve should be controlled to be within (0, 1).

7. The method for constructing a topsoil layer in black soil based on bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The derivative value at each point on the pre-generated curve is controlled to be ln2.

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