Method for stable yield and emission reduction based on combined use of leaf fertilizer and DMPP in dynamic sowing period
By combining dynamic sowing date adjustment, DMPP coupled fertilization and high-temperature responsive foliar spraying, the problems of insufficient yield stability and limited emission reduction benefits of maize under high temperature stress were solved, achieving stable yield and nitrous oxide emission reduction of maize under high temperature conditions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511121853.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-14
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies have limitations in stabilizing yields and reducing emissions of maize under high-temperature stress, particularly in terms of the synergistic effects of sowing date adjustment and DMPP application, which have not yet been thoroughly analyzed.
By dynamically adjusting the corn sowing date, combining DMPP-coupled fertilization and high-temperature responsive foliar spraying of zinc-fortified medium-element fertilizers, and coordinating with water management, a stable yield and emission reduction method based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing date is constructed to achieve the synergistic goal of corn resistance to high-temperature stress and nitrous oxide emission reduction.
It significantly reduces nitrous oxide emissions by more than 30%, reduces grain yield fluctuation by 15%-20%, enhances leaf antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic performance, and ensures stable corn yield and emission reduction under high temperature conditions.
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Figure CN120937696A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of green agricultural production technology for addressing climate change, specifically a method for stabilizing yield and reducing emissions based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing dates. Background Technology
[0002] As China's most important food crop, maize holds an irreplaceable strategic position in the national food security system. However, since the Industrial Revolution, the continuous increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations has exacerbated global warming and led to more frequent extreme weather events. Nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, has a global warming potential 298 times that of carbon dioxide over a 100-year timescale, making a significant contribution to global warming, and its concentration has reached a record high. Under the greenhouse effect and global warming trends, summer maize production faces increasingly frequent high-temperature stress risks, especially extreme high temperatures that significantly inhibit key reproductive growth processes in maize, leading to yield reductions and posing a severe challenge to food security. Therefore, exploring and applying scientific farming methods that can synergistically enhance maize's heat resistance, ensure stable yields, and simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emissions is crucial.
[0003] In agricultural production, adjusting the sowing date is a key agronomic measure for addressing climate change and optimizing resource allocation. Given the backdrop of intensifying temperature fluctuations, accurately determining the appropriate maize sowing date is particularly important. By delaying the sowing date, the overlap between maize's critical growth period (sensitive to high temperatures) and extreme heat events can be effectively avoided, thus mitigating the negative impact of heat stress on reproductive growth. Essentially, adjusting the sowing date is an effective strategy for optimizing the spatiotemporal matching of maize growth processes with natural resources such as light, heat, and water. However, existing research on adjusting the sowing date to address high temperatures largely focuses on single climate scenarios or specific regions, lacking systematic assessments under different climate change gradients. More importantly, while relying solely on sowing date adjustment can mitigate some high-temperature risks, it may also lead to new risks such as a shortened growing season, later exposure to low-temperature damage, or water stress. Its yield-stabilizing effect is uncertain, and its direct contribution to greenhouse gas emission reduction is limited.
[0004] In soil nutrient management, nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) is widely used to regulate nitrogen cycling. DMPP significantly reduces NO emissions from farmland by effectively inhibiting soil nitrification and denitrification. Besides its emission reduction benefits, as a fertilizer additive, DMPP can also influence the physiological functions and metabolic activities of the aboveground parts of plants, playing a positive role in improving nitrogen use efficiency, crop photosynthetic performance, and final yield. Simultaneously, foliar application of specific fertilizers can enhance the overall stress resistance of maize plants by adjusting the root-to-shoot ratio and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, which is also an effective means of alleviating high-temperature stress. However, existing research lacks in-depth analysis of how DMPP affects the physiological response of maize under high-temperature stress and its intrinsic relationship with high-temperature resistance and yield stability. Furthermore, whether the application of DMPP can effectively alleviate the inhibition of maize growth by high-temperature stress, especially whether it can produce a synergistic effect when combined with sowing date adjustments, remains a key scientific issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This invention provides a method for stabilizing maize yield and reducing emissions based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing date. The aim is to achieve the synergistic goals of summer maize resisting high temperature stress, stabilizing yield and reducing nitrous oxide emissions by dynamically delaying the sowing date to avoid the high temperature sensitive period, coupling the nitrification inhibitor DMPP to enhance emission reduction efficiency, and combining high temperature responsive foliar spraying to enhance stress resistance.
[0006] This invention introduces a method for stabilizing yield and reducing emissions based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing dates, comprising the following steps:
[0007] (1) Dynamic adjustment of sowing date: The sowing time of corn is adjusted by adopting the conventional row spacing and delaying the sowing date by 7-14 days;
[0008] (2) DMPP coupled fertilization: The fertilizer operation is carried out according to the ratio of base fertilizer (compound fertilizer): topdressing at the jointing stage (urea): topdressing at the large trumpet stage (urea) = 4:3:3. The total nitrogen application is 240 kg N·ha-1, and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) equivalent to 2% of the nitrogen application is added and applied simultaneously with the fertilizer.
[0009] (3) High temperature response foliar spraying: When the corn flowering period encounters a high temperature event with a daily maximum temperature of ≥35℃, spray zinc-fortified medium element foliar fertilizer (Ca+Mg≥100g·L-1, Zn≥5g·L-1) at a dilution concentration of 1:100 (v / v).
[0010] This invention avoids high-temperature stress during the flowering period of maize by dynamically delaying the sowing date by 7-14 days, simultaneously inhibits soil nitrification by combining DMPP coupled fertilization, and rapidly alleviates high-temperature physiological damage by using high-temperature responsive zinc-enhanced foliar fertilizer, thus achieving a triple synergistic effect of increased high-temperature avoidance rate during flowering, reduced NO emissions, and reduced grain yield volatility.
[0011] To optimize the above method, the planting density in step (1) is 60,000-75,000 plants per ha, and the row spacing is fixed at 60 cm. By limiting the planting density and fixing the row spacing, the light capture efficiency of the population can be maintained under dynamic sowing period, avoiding the risk of reduced yield due to plant shading caused by delayed sowing, and ensuring a stable yield.
[0012] To optimize the above method, the number of foliar fertilizer applications in step (3) is dynamically adjusted according to the frequency of high-temperature events: one application for a single high-temperature event; and one application every 5 days for consecutive high-temperature events. In this invention, dynamically adjusting the number of foliar fertilizer applications according to the frequency of high-temperature events can maintain the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves at more than 90% of the peak level, and significantly reduce the loss rate of grains per ear under high-temperature stress.
[0013] To optimize the above method, the spraying operation in step (3) should be carried out in the early morning or late evening when the daytime temperature is ≤30℃, and the spraying amount should be ≥450L·ha-1. By limiting the high-dose spraying during the low-temperature period in the early morning and late evening, the efficiency of nutrient penetration on the leaves can be improved, and leaf crystallization caused by high-temperature evaporation can be avoided. The absorption of zinc can be increased by up to 50%.
[0014] To optimize the above method, the method further includes coordinated water management: during periods of high temperature during flowering, 10-20 mm micro-sprinkler irrigation is applied in conjunction with foliar fertilizer spraying. In this invention, by combining 10-20 mm micro-sprinkler irrigation with foliar spraying, the canopy temperature can be instantly reduced by 3-5°C, while relative humidity increases, pollen viability is maintained, and pollination success rate is directly guaranteed.
[0015] To optimize the above method, the compound fertilizer mentioned in step (2) is a balanced NPK fertilizer (N-PO-KO = 15-15-15), and the basal fertilizer application depth is 15-20cm. By using a balanced NPK compound fertilizer and limiting the depth of basal fertilizer application, it is possible to ensure a balanced growth of NPK accumulation in the seedling roots, providing sufficient nutrient reserves for later resistance to high temperature stress.
[0016] To optimize the above method, DMPP can be replaced with an equimolar amount of dicyandiamide or 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine. This alternative method of using DMPP maintains an equivalent nitrification inhibition rate within a soil pH range of 5.5-8.0, reduces the geographical dependence of raw materials, and extends the applicability of the technology to phosphorus-deficient or acidic soil areas.
[0017] To optimize the above method, 0.1% polyaspartic acid or 5-aminolevulinic acid is further added to the foliar fertilizer as an adjuvant. By adding 0.1% polyaspartic acid (to promote absorption) or 5-ALA (to induce stress resistance) to the foliar fertilizer, the amount of proline synthesized in corn under high temperature stress can be increased several times, and the rebound time of photosynthetic carbon assimilation rate can be shortened.
[0018] This invention also introduces the application of a method for stabilizing yield and reducing emissions based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing dates in summer maize producing areas. This invention applies the method to the summer maize producing areas of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and through standardized sowing date windows and dynamic high-temperature response mechanisms, controls the average annual yield reduction rate in the region from 18% to less than 5%, achieving a promotion and adaptation rate of 90%.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0020] 1. This invention precisely avoids high-temperature stress (≥35℃) during the corn flowering period by dynamically delaying the sowing date (7-14 days). Combined with the application of DMPP in multiple applications with topdressing to inhibit soil nitrification, it significantly reduces nitrous oxide emissions by more than 30%. Simultaneously, high-temperature responsive foliar spraying and zinc-fortified medium-element fertilizer rapidly enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic performance in leaves, offsetting the inhibition of pollination by high temperatures. The three measures work together to reduce the fluctuation rate of grain yield by 15%-20%, achieving a synergistic effect of high-temperature resistance and stable yield with NO emission reduction, solving the problem of insufficient yield stability or limited emission reduction contribution of single measures.
[0021] 2. This invention employs a dynamic adjustment of foliar fertilizer application frequency based on the frequency of high-temperature events. A single event is treated with one application, while consecutive events require a supplementary application every 5 days. This is combined with high-dose application during the early morning and late evening hours (≤30℃) to ensure efficient nutrient absorption. Furthermore, micro-sprinkler irrigation regulates the canopy microclimate, increasing leaf stomatal conductance by 40%-60%, effectively mitigating the stress of sudden high temperatures. This dynamic management mechanism extends the technology's adaptability to high-temperature disaster scenarios of varying intensities, significantly improving resource utilization efficiency.
[0022] 3. In this invention, DMPP can be replaced with an equimolar amount of dicyandiamide, and polyaspartic acid or ALA adjuvants are added to the foliar fertilizer to further enhance stress resistance signal transduction; standardized compound fertilizer and uniform row spacing ensure consistency of basic agronomy. This design improves the technical universality of the method in the summer maize production area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and farmers can flexibly choose components according to local resource conditions, thereby reducing the promotion cost. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the operation process of the corn yield stabilization and emission reduction method based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing period according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for stabilizing yield and reducing emissions based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing period, comprising the following steps:
[0025] (1) Dynamic adjustment of sowing time: The sowing time of corn is adjusted, and conventional planting row spacing is adopted. The planting density is 60,000-75,000 plants·ha-1, and the row spacing is fixed at 60cm.
[0026] (2) DMPP coupled fertilization: The fertilizer is managed according to the ratio of base fertilizer: topdressing at the jointing stage: topdressing at the large trumpet stage = 4:3:3. The total nitrogen application is 240 kg N·ha-1, and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate equivalent to 2% of the nitrogen application is added and applied simultaneously with the fertilizer. The compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced type, and the base fertilizer application depth is 15-20 cm.
[0027] (3) High-temperature responsive foliar spraying: When the corn flowering period encounters a high-temperature event with a daily maximum temperature ≥35℃, spray zinc-fortified medium-element foliar fertilizer at a dilution concentration of 1:100; the number of foliar fertilizer sprayings is dynamically adjusted according to the frequency of high-temperature events: spray once for a single high-temperature event; spray once every 5 days for consecutive high-temperature events; the spraying operation should be carried out in the early morning or late evening when the daily temperature is ≤30℃, and the spraying amount is ≥450L·ha-1.
[0028] This invention also includes synergistic water management: during periods of high temperature during flowering, 10-20 mm micro-sprinkler irrigation is applied in conjunction with foliar fertilizer. Simultaneously, the DMPP can be replaced with an equimolar amount of dicyandiamide or 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine. The foliar fertilizer is further supplemented with 0.1% polyaspartic acid or 5-aminolevulinic acid as an adjuvant.
[0029] This invention constructs a highly efficient maize yield-stabilizing and emission-reducing technology system through the synergistic application of dynamically adjusted sowing date, coupled DMPP inhibitor fertilization, and high-temperature-responsive foliar spraying. Optimized sowing date provides a favorable foundation for crop growth. The precise, phased application of DMPP inhibitors effectively inhibits key processes in soil nitrogen transformation, significantly improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization and substantially reducing nitrogen loss and related greenhouse gas emissions such as nitrous oxide at the source. Simultaneously, the intelligent response mechanism for high-temperature stress during flowering replenishes key nutrients and enhances plant resistance, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of high temperatures on grain formation and ensuring yield stability. This solution integrates agronomic management, chemical regulation, and emergency nutrient supplementation, achieving the dual goals of high and stable maize yield and greenhouse gas emission reduction in the context of climate change. Its core highlights lie in the dynamic management strategy and the synergistic effect mechanism of agronomy and chemistry.
[0030] Example 1: Application in conventional climate zones
[0031] Location: Main corn-producing area of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain
[0032] Climate background: High summer temperatures (≤1 high-temperature event during the flowering period per year)
[0033] Implementation steps:
[0034] Sowing date adjustment: Based on the weather forecast, the sowing date was adjusted to June 19 (7 days later than the traditional sowing date), with a planting density of 68,000 plants per ha and a row spacing of 60 cm.
[0035] DMPP coupled fertilization: Base fertilizer (40%): 96 kg N·ha-1 of balanced N-P-K compound fertilizer (N-PO-KO=15-15-15), applied at a depth of 18 cm, with 1.92 kg of DMPP added simultaneously.
[0036] Topdressing during the jointing stage (30%): 72 kg urea N·ha-1 + 2.4 kg DMPP.
[0037] Topdressing during the large trumpet stage (30%): 72kg urea N·ha-1 + 2.4kg DMPP.
[0038] High temperature response management: If a single day of high temperature (37℃) occurs during the flowering period, spray zinc-fortified foliar fertilizer (diluted 1:100) in the early morning of the same day, with a spraying amount of 480L·ha-1.
[0039] Water synergy: After spraying, apply micro-sprinkler irrigation at a depth of 15mm.
[0040] Example 2: Application in areas with frequent high temperatures
[0041] Location: Corn planting belt in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
[0042] Climate background: The flowering period is prone to consecutive high temperatures (≥3 times per year).
[0043] Implementation steps:
[0044] Sowing date adjustment: Avoid the peak of high temperature during the flowering period and sow on June 26, with a density of 72,000 plants per ha and a row spacing of 60cm.
[0045] DMPP coupled fertilization: Total nitrogen amount 240 kg N·ha-1, fertilization ratio is the same as in Example 1, and total DMPP 4.8 kg is applied in two batches with topdressing.
[0046] High-temperature response management: Flowering period encountering 6 consecutive days of high temperatures (36-39℃):
[0047] First application: Apply zinc-fortified foliar fertilizer (with 0.1% polyaspartic acid adjuvant) on the evening of the first day of high temperature.
[0048] Supplementary spraying strategy: Spray a second time on the morning of the 5th day (spraying amount 500L·ha-1).
[0049] Water synergy: Micro-spray irrigation 20mm after each spraying.
[0050] Example 3: Application of Alternative Inhibitors and Functional Foliar Fertilizers
[0051] Location: Northeast rain-fed agricultural area
[0052] Technical adjustment: Use DMPP alternatives + fortified foliar fertilizer formula
[0053] Implementation steps:
[0054] Sowing date and fertilization guidelines: Sowing date is July 3, density is 75,000 plants per ha, row spacing is 60 cm; fertilization plan is the same as in Example 1.
[0055] DMPP alternative: Replace DMPP with an equimolar amount of dicyandiamide (DCD), applied in two applications along with topdressing.
[0056] High temperature response management: When the temperature reaches 35℃ on a single day during the flowering period, spray with zinc-fortified foliar fertilizer with 5-aminolevulinic acid adjuvant.
[0057] Water coordination: Micro-sprinkler irrigation 10mm.
[0058] Example 4: Application in acidic soil improvement areas
[0059] Location: Southern hilly red soil region (pH 4.8-5.2)
[0060] Technical challenges: High nitrogen loss rate in acidic soils, combined with the risk of high temperatures and drought;
[0061] Implementation steps:
[0062] Sowing date adjustment: Combined with the rainy season, sow in advance to June 19 (avoiding drought during the flowering period), with a density of 70,000 plants per ha and a row spacing of 60 cm;
[0063] Soil pretreatment: Apply 1.5 t·ha⁻¹ of quicklime before sowing to adjust the pH to above 5.5.
[0064] DMPP coupled fertilization: Base fertilizer is applied at a depth of 20cm, with a total nitrogen content of 240kg N·ha-1, of which: Base fertilizer: 96kg N·ha-1 of N-PO-KO compound fertilizer (N-PO-KO=16-16-16) + 1.92kg DMPP; Topdressing: 72kg N·ha-1 of urea + 2.4kg DMPP are applied at the jointing stage and the large trumpet stage respectively.
[0065] High-temperature response management: If there are 8 consecutive days of high temperature (35-38℃) and no rainfall during the flowering period: First spray: Spray zinc-fortified foliar fertilizer on the morning of the first day of high temperature;
[0066] Supplementary spraying strategy: Spray a second time on the evening of the 5th day (spraying amount 500L·ha-1).
[0067] Water synergy: Micro-spray irrigation 25mm after each spraying.
[0068] Example 5: Application of water and heat synergistic management in arid areas
[0069] Location: Northwest irrigated agricultural region (annual rainfall <350mm)
[0070] Key technologies: Synergistic effect of high-efficiency water conservation and high-temperature suppression
[0071] Implementation steps:
[0072] Sowing date adjustment: Sowing date delayed to June 26 (to avoid spring drought), density 65,000 plants per ha, row spacing 60cm; drip irrigation with mulch film is adopted (to reduce water evaporation).
[0073] DMPP alternative: Replace DMPP with an equimolar amount of 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine (Nitrapyrin), applied in two applications along with topdressing.
[0074] High Temperature Response Management: Three consecutive days of high temperatures (≥36℃) during the flowering period, and a drought warning issued.
[0075] Foliar application adjustment: Add 0.05% 5-aminolevulinic acid and 0.3% fulvic acid to the foliar fertilizer;
[0076] Dynamic spraying: Spray once more on the third day after the first day of spraying (the high temperature did not last for 5 days, but the drought worsened).
[0077] Water synergistic optimization: 10mm drip irrigation after spraying.
[0078] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the technical solutions. Although the applicant has described the present invention in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications or equivalent substitutions made to the technical solutions of the present invention cannot depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention and should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for stable yield and emission reduction based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing period, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Dynamic adjustment of sowing date: Adjust the sowing date of corn and adopt conventional planting row spacing; (2) DMPP coupled fertilization: Fertilizer management is carried out according to the ratio of base fertilizer: topdressing at the jointing stage: topdressing at the large trumpet stage = 4:3:
3. The total nitrogen application is 240 kg N·ha-1, and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate equivalent to 2% of the nitrogen application is added and applied simultaneously with the fertilizer. (3) High-temperature responsive foliar spraying: When corn encounters a high-temperature event with a daily maximum temperature ≥35℃ during the flowering period, Spray zinc-fortified foliar fertilizer with a dilution concentration of 1:
100.
2. The method for stable yield and emission reduction based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing period as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the planting density is 60,000-75,000 plants per ha, and the row spacing is fixed at 60 cm.
3. According to the method for stable production and emission reduction based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing period as described in claim 1, the number of foliar fertilizer spraying times in step (3) is dynamically adjusted according to the frequency of high temperature events: spray once for a single high temperature event; spray once every 5 days for continuous high temperature events.
4. The method for stable yield and emission reduction based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing period as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the spraying operation should be carried out in the early morning or late evening when the daytime temperature is ≤30℃, and the spraying amount should be ≥450L·ha-1.
5. The method for stable yield and emission reduction based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing period as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes water synergistic management: when high temperature events occur during the flowering period, micro-sprinkler irrigation of 10-20 mm is carried out in conjunction with foliar fertilizer spraying.
6. The method for stable yield and emission reduction based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing period as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer mentioned in step (2) is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced type, and the base fertilizer application depth is 15-20cm.
7. The method for stable yield and emission reduction based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing period as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The DMPP can be replaced with an equimolar amount of dicyandiamide or 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine.
8. The method for stable yield and emission reduction based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing period as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The foliar fertilizer is further supplemented with 0.1% polyaspartic acid or 5-aminolevulinic acid as an adjuvant.
9. The application of a method for stabilizing yield and reducing emissions based on the combined use of foliar fertilizer and DMPP under dynamic sowing period as described in any one of claims 1-8 in mature summer maize producing areas.