Precise feeding and efficient utilization method for crayfish compound feed

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for precise feeding and efficient utilization of crayfish compound feed, and belongs to the field of feed utilization, and the method comprises the following steps: alternately constructing aquatic plant habitat areas and compound feed feeding strip areas along the long side direction of a culture water body in a crayfish culture rice field and a pond; based on the body weight parameters of the crayfish and the water temperature parameters of the culture water area, calculating and determining the total feeding amount of daily compound feed through a preset daily food intake model; selecting an unmanned aerial vehicle or an unmanned ship as a feeding carrier, and setting a running path of the feeding carrier according to the distribution of the compound feed feeding strip areas; on the basis of the running path, the feeding carrier containing the daily total feeding amount of the compound feed runs along the central area of the compound feed feeding strip area, and the compound feed is put into the feeding carrier. The problems that in the crayfish rice field and pond culture process, feed is thrown at will, and waste is serious can be effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed utilization, and in particular relates to a method for precise feeding and efficient utilization of compound feed for crayfish. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, crayfish farming mainly employs two methods: rice paddy farming and pond farming. To ensure crayfish molting, growth, and survival rates, submerged plants are typically planted in the rice paddies or ponds to create a suitable habitat. Formulated feed, as the core nutrient source for crayfish growth, accounts for approximately 60% of the total farming cost and is a key factor affecting the industry's economic benefits. In terms of feeding operations, existing technologies mostly employ manual, random scattering of feed across the entire field or pond, with daily feeding amounts typically referencing a broad range of "2%-6% of the crayfish's body weight." The specific feeding amount largely depends on the subjective experience and adjustments made by the farmers.

[0003] Existing crayfish farming feeding technologies have significant shortcomings, hindering the sustainable development of the industry. On the one hand, the method of random artificial feeding conflicts with the needs of submerged plant cultivation. A large amount of feed easily falls into aquatic plants, cracks in the bottom of the field, or uneven substrate, making it difficult for crayfish to consume. Especially when the coverage of aquatic plants is greater than 50%, the feed residue rate exceeds 20%, causing serious feed waste, increasing farming costs, and leading to the rapid decomposition of uneaten feed residue and crayfish excrement. This results in eutrophication of the water body, causing decreased transparency, insufficient dissolved oxygen, and the accumulation of toxic and harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, damaging the aquatic environment. On the other hand, the lack of a unified and precise scientific standard for daily feeding amounts and the reliance on experience-based feeding methods can easily lead to two extreme problems: overfeeding can exacerbate feed waste and water pollution, and also cause physiological stress in crayfish, leading to decreased immune function, weakened disease resistance, and increased risk of disease outbreaks; underfeeding can limit the growth performance of crayfish, resulting in slow growth, smaller individual size, and high-density farming conditions can easily lead to territorial competition and cannibalism among crayfish, reducing the survival rate of farmed crayfish, ultimately putting farmers in a dilemma of "overfeeding pollutes water quality, while underfeeding affects growth". Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a method for precise feeding and efficient utilization of compound feed for crayfish, thereby resolving the issues present in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for precise feeding and efficient utilization of crayfish formulated feed, comprising:

[0006] In rice paddies and ponds where crayfish are farmed, aquatic plant habitat zones and compound feed zones are alternately constructed along the long side of the water body. The aquatic plant habitat zones provide crayfish with a sheltered environment and water quality regulation function, while the compound feed zones provide a dedicated area for precise feed delivery and crayfish feeding.

[0007] Based on the crayfish's weight parameters and the water temperature parameters of the aquaculture area, the total amount of compound feed to be fed daily is calculated and determined through a preset daily feed intake model;

[0008] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned surface vessels (USVs) are selected as the feeding vehicles, and the driving path of the feeding vehicles is set according to the distribution of the compound feed feeding strip area. Based on the driving path, the feeding vehicles carrying the total daily compound feed amount drive along the central area of ​​the compound feed feeding strip area and deliver the compound feed.

[0009] Preferably, the area ratio of the aquatic plant habitat area to the compound feed feeding strip area is 1:1.

[0010] Preferably, the construction of the aquatic plant habitat includes: the length of each aquatic plant habitat is the same as the length of the aquaculture water body, and the width is 8-12m; Elodea is planted in the aquatic plant habitat from January to February each year, with a row spacing of 4m, a plant spacing of 3m, and a clump diameter of 30cm.

[0011] Preferably, if the aquaculture mode is pond culture, the construction of the aquatic plant habitat area also includes: replanting *Hydrilla verticillata* in the aquatic plant habitat area in late May each year.

[0012] Preferably, the construction of the compound feed feeding strip area includes: the length of each compound feed feeding strip area is consistent with the length of the aquaculture water body, and the width is 8-12m; a rotary tiller is used to remove rice straw in the compound feed feeding strip area, and the bottom of the compound feed feeding strip area is kept flat, without cracks or deep holes.

[0013] Preferably, during crayfish farming, if a large amount of aquatic plants grow in the feeding strip area, these aquatic plants should be removed in a timely manner.

[0014] Preferably, the daily feed intake model uses the weight of a single crayfish and the real-time water temperature of the aquaculture area as variable parameters;

[0015] The daily food intake model is: DI = 0.00475 × e (0.0907T) ×W 0.7354 r 2 =0.9002, P<0.001;

[0016] Where DI is the daily food intake of a single crayfish, T is the real-time water temperature in the aquaculture area, and W is the weight of a single crayfish; r 2r represents the model's ability to interpret data. 2 The closer the value is to 1, the better the fit; P indicates whether the effect of a certain independent variable is real. The smaller the P value, the stronger the evidence that the effect exists.

[0017] The total amount of compound feed to be fed each day is calculated based on the total number of crayfish in the aquaculture area and the daily feed intake of each crayfish.

[0018] Preferably, when setting the travel path of the feeding vehicle, the path is aligned with the extension direction of the compound feed feeding strip area, and the center line of the path coincides with the center line of the compound feed feeding strip area.

[0019] Preferably, before feeding the compound feed, the corresponding weight of compound feed is loaded into the feed storage bin of the feeding vehicle according to the determined daily total amount of compound feed.

[0020] Preferably, when determining the speed of the feeding vehicle, the calculation is based on the total amount of compound feed fed, the amount of feed delivered by the feeding vehicle per unit time, and the total distance traveled by the feeding vehicle along the compound feed feeding strip area; if the feeding vehicle is a drone, its flight altitude also needs to be determined to ensure that the compound feed falls evenly into the compound feed feeding strip area.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0022] This invention provides a method for precise feeding and efficient utilization of compound feed for crayfish, comprising: in crayfish farming paddy fields and ponds, alternately constructing aquatic plant habitat zones and compound feed feeding strip zones along the long side of the farming water body; the aquatic plant habitat zones provide crayfish with a sheltered habitat and water quality regulation function, while the compound feed feeding strip zones provide a dedicated area for precise feed delivery and crayfish feeding; based on the crayfish's weight parameters and the water temperature parameters of the farming water area, calculating and determining the total daily compound feed amount using a preset daily feed intake model; selecting a drone or unmanned surface vessel as the feeding vehicle, and setting the driving path of the feeding vehicle according to the distribution of the compound feed feeding strip zones; based on the driving path, causing the feeding vehicle carrying the total daily compound feed amount to travel along the central area of ​​the compound feed feeding strip zones and deliver the compound feed.

[0023] This invention constructs alternating zones between aquatic plant habitats and formulated feed feeding strips, ensuring that feed is only placed in designated feeding strips. This avoids the problem of feed falling into inaccessible areas such as aquatic plants and substrate crevices due to traditional random scattering, thus reducing feed waste. Furthermore, the invention uses a daily feed intake model based on "body weight + water temperature" parameters to determine the total amount of feed, preventing overfeeding and significantly improving the actual utilization rate of formulated feed.

[0024] The aquatic plant habitat zone of this invention plays a water quality regulation role, reducing the content of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water through adsorption and decomposition, and alleviating the pollution of water quality by uneaten feed and excrement; the dedicated feeding strip zone reduces the dispersion and residue of feed in the water, reduces the risk of eutrophication, and maintains the ecological balance of the aquaculture area.

[0025] This invention delivers feed along the central path of a feeding strip using drones or unmanned vessels, achieving precise control of the feeding location and ensuring uniform feed distribution. It replaces manual operation with automated feeding vehicles, reducing labor costs while improving the efficiency and stability of feeding operations, making it suitable for large-scale farming scenarios.

[0026] This invention provides precise feeding amounts and uniform feed distribution, ensuring that crayfish receive sufficient and balanced nutrition and avoiding stunted growth due to insufficient feeding; optimized habitat and water quality conditions reduce stress and disease in crayfish, lower the probability of cannibalism, and improve survival rate and individual size.

[0027] The technical solution of this invention improves feed utilization, directly reduces breeding costs, improves the growth performance of crayfish, and increases output efficiency; at the same time, the eco-friendly breeding model reduces environmental damage and achieves green and sustainable development of the industry. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the precise feeding and efficient utilization of crayfish compound feed according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the aquatic plant habitat area and the feed strip area, as well as the travel trajectory of the drone / ship, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a daily food intake model for crayfish based on body weight and water temperature, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for precise feeding and efficient utilization of crayfish formulated feed, including:

[0036] S1. In rice paddies and ponds where crayfish are farmed, aquatic plant habitat zones and compound feed strip zones are alternately constructed along the long side of the water body. The aquatic plant habitat zones provide crayfish with a sheltered environment and water quality regulation function, while the compound feed strip zones provide a dedicated area for precise feed delivery and crayfish feeding.

[0037] Furthermore, the area ratio of the aquatic plant habitat area to the compound feed feeding strip area is 1:1.

[0038] The construction of the aquatic plant habitat includes: the length of each aquatic plant habitat is the same as the length of the aquaculture water body, and the width is 8-12m; Elodea nuttallii is planted in the aquatic plant habitat from January to February each year, with a row spacing of 4m, a plant spacing of 3m, and a clump diameter of 30cm.

[0039] If the aquaculture mode is pond culture, the construction of the aquatic plant habitat also includes: replanting *Hydrilla verticillata* in the aquatic plant habitat in late May each year.

[0040] The construction of the compound feed feeding strip area includes: the length of each compound feed feeding strip area is consistent with the length of the aquaculture water body, and the width is 8-12m; a rotary tiller is used to remove rice straw in the compound feed feeding strip area, and the bottom of the compound feed feeding strip area is kept flat, without cracks or deep holes.

[0041] If a large amount of aquatic plants grow in the feeding strip area during crayfish farming, these plants should be removed promptly.

[0042] This embodiment ensures that crayfish have good habitat and water quality conditions during their growth by rationally arranging aquatic plant habitats and feed strips, while also preventing feed waste and water quality degradation caused by feed falling into the aquatic plants during feeding.

[0043] S2. Based on the weight parameters of crayfish and the water temperature parameters of the breeding water, the total amount of compound feed to be fed daily is calculated and determined through a preset daily feed intake model.

[0044] Furthermore, the daily food intake model uses the weight of a single crayfish and the real-time water temperature of the aquaculture area as variable parameters;

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the daily food intake model is as follows:

[0046] DI = 0.00475 × e (0.0907T) ×W 0.7354 r 2 =0.9002, P<0.001;

[0047] Where DI is the daily food intake of a single crayfish, T is the real-time water temperature in the aquaculture area, and W is the weight of a single crayfish; r 2 r represents the model's ability to interpret data. 2 The closer the value is to 1, the better the fit; P indicates whether the effect of a certain independent variable is real. The smaller the P value (less than 0.05), the stronger the evidence that the effect exists.

[0048] The total amount of compound feed to be fed each day is calculated based on the total number of crayfish in the aquaculture area and the daily feed intake of each crayfish.

[0049] This embodiment establishes a model of daily feed intake for crayfish based on body weight and water temperature, accurately determining the feed requirements of crayfish at different body weights and water temperatures, and precisely determining the daily amount of formulated feed to be fed to crayfish in rice paddies and ponds.

[0050] S3. Select a drone or unmanned vessel as the feeding vehicle, and set the driving path of the feeding vehicle according to the distribution of the compound feed feeding strip area; based on the driving path, make the feeding vehicle carrying the total amount of compound feed for the day drive along the central area of ​​the compound feed feeding strip area and deliver the compound feed.

[0051] Furthermore, when setting the travel path of the feeding vehicle, the path should be consistent with the extension direction of the compound feed feeding strip area, and the center line of the path should coincide with the center line of the compound feed feeding strip area.

[0052] Before feeding compound feed, load the corresponding weight of compound feed into the feed storage bin of the feeding vehicle according to the determined daily total amount of compound feed to be fed.

[0053] When determining the speed of the feeding vehicle, the calculation is based on the total amount of compound feed fed, the amount of feed delivered by the feeding vehicle per unit time, and the total distance traveled by the feeding vehicle along the compound feed feeding strip area. If the feeding vehicle is a drone, its flight altitude also needs to be determined to ensure that the compound feed falls evenly into the compound feed feeding strip area.

[0054] This embodiment uses sampling drones or unmanned boats as feeding vehicles, and sets up flight or walking routes based on the feeding strip to ensure that the feed falls evenly into the feeding strip during feeding, thereby reducing feed waste and improving feeding efficiency, and saving feed and labor costs.

[0055] The beneficial effects of this embodiment:

[0056] This embodiment provides a method for precise feeding and efficient utilization of formulated feed for crayfish, including: constructing aquatic plant habitats and feeding strips in crayfish farming paddy fields and ponds, determining the daily feeding amount, and implementing precise and efficient feeding methods. Constructing aquatic plant habitats and feeding strips is a crucial step, affecting not only the crayfish's growth environment but also directly impacting feed utilization. By rationally arranging aquatic plant habitats and feeding strips, good habitat and water quality conditions can be ensured for crayfish growth, while preventing feed waste and water quality degradation caused by feed falling into the aquatic plants. A series of controlled experiments were conducted to establish a daily feed intake model for crayfish based on body weight and water temperature, accurately determining the feed requirements of crayfish at different body weights and water temperatures, and precisely determining the daily feed amount in crayfish farming paddy fields and ponds. Finally, using drones or unmanned surface vessels as feeding vehicles, with flight or walking routes set based on the feeding strips, not only improves feeding efficiency but also ensures that feed falls evenly into the feeding strips, significantly reducing feed waste.

[0057] This embodiment can effectively solve the problem of serious feed spillage and waste during crayfish farming in rice paddies and ponds, providing a direct basis for the precise feeding and efficient utilization of crayfish compound feed, effectively improving the utilization efficiency of compound feed and greatly reducing feed costs; at the same time, this technology can also protect water quality, avoid environmental pollution, and improve the quality of crayfish.

[0058] The implementation of this embodiment will undoubtedly bring huge economic and ecological benefits to the crayfish farming industry and promote the green and sustainable development of the crayfish industry.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] This embodiment describes the precise feeding and efficient utilization method of the crayfish compound feed provided in Example 1 at the crayfish farming base of the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chengui Town, Daye City, Hubei Province). Figure 1 A comparative experiment was conducted between the traditional feeding method and the formulated feed for crayfish.

[0061] 1. Experimental Preparation: Three paddy fields of equal area (i.e., three replicates) were selected for each feeding method, with each paddy field covering approximately 30 mu (about 2 hectares). Except for differences in aquatic plant habitat construction, daily feed amount, and feeding method, the two treatment groups maintained the same aquaculture parameters and management methods. The basic conditions and aquaculture technical parameters of the rice-crayfish fields are shown in Table 1, and there were no significant differences in water quality parameters at the start of the experiment. The traditional feeding method for crayfish with formulated feed involved random planting of aquatic plants, a daily feed amount of 3% of body weight, and random manual scattering. The precise feeding method for crayfish with formulated feed involved constructing aquatic plant habitat zones and formulated feed feeding strip zones (…). Figure 2 The daily feed intake of compound feed, based on the crayfish's daily feed consumption model according to body weight and water temperature, is: DI = 0.00475 × e (0.0907T) ×W 0.7354 Calculation determines ( Figure 3 The feeding method involves using drones to fly and deliver food along a pre-set trajectory. Figure 2 ).

[0062] Table 1

[0063]

[0064] 2. Experimental Records: Water quality in rice-crayfish fields (both integrated and monoculture ponds) was measured every 10 days after the start of the experiment. Measurements included water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, turbidity, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, permanganate index, and chlorophyll a content. Daily management and record-keeping were maintained throughout the farming process. Daily feed consumption was recorded, and the total feed input was tallied at the end of the experiment, calculating the feed input per acre. After harvesting began, the weight of crayfish caught and sold was recorded daily. At the end of the experiment, the total crayfish yield was tallied, and the yield per acre was calculated. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated based on the feed input per acre and the crayfish yield.

[0065] 3. Experimental Results:

[0066] (1) Feed conversion ratio and cost.

[0067] Table 2 shows the crayfish yield, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and feed cost under the two feeding methods. During the entire farming period, the total amount of formulated feed fed to the traditional feeding control group was 4224 kg, and the total amount of formulated feed fed to the precision feeding group was 3603 kg; the feed consumption per mu (667 square meters) for the two feeding methods was 140.8 kg and 120.1 kg, respectively. The crayfish yields of the control group and the precision feeding group were 3279 kg and 3411 kg, respectively, with yields per mu of 109.3 kg and 113.7 kg, respectively. The feed conversion ratios of the control group and the precision feeding group were 1.288 and 1.056, respectively, meaning that the feed consumption per kg of crayfish produced was 1.288 kg and 1.056 kg, respectively; correspondingly, the feed cost per kg of crayfish produced was 5.80 yuan and 4.75 yuan, respectively. Therefore, compared with the traditional method of feeding crayfish with compound feed, the precise feeding and efficient utilization technology of compound feed for crayfish of the present invention can reduce the feed conversion ratio and cost by 18.01% when producing the same amount of commercial crayfish.

[0068] Table 2

[0069]

[0070] (2) Water quality characteristics.

[0071] At the end of the comparative experiment, the water quality characteristics of crayfish were compared under two feeding methods: traditional feeding and precise feeding, as shown in Table 3. The results showed that the precise feeding method had a significant protective and improving effect on water quality. Compared with the traditional feeding method, the total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents of the water body decreased by 27.7%, 22.3%, and 23.2% respectively under the precise feeding method of this invention, while turbidity and chlorophyll a content decreased significantly; other indicators showed no significant differences.

[0072] Table 3

[0073]

[0074] In summary, the precise feeding method for crayfish formulated feed can effectively reduce the feed conversion ratio, save feed costs, and improve feed utilization efficiency. At the same time, it is also beneficial to reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient load of crayfish farming water bodies and purify and improve water quality.

[0075] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for precise feeding and efficient utilization of compound feed for crayfish, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: In rice paddies and ponds where crayfish are farmed, aquatic plant habitat zones and compound feed zones are alternately constructed along the long side of the water body. The aquatic plant habitat zones provide crayfish with a sheltered environment and water quality regulation function, while the compound feed zones provide a dedicated area for precise feed delivery and crayfish feeding. Based on the crayfish's weight parameters and the water temperature parameters of the aquaculture area, the total amount of compound feed to be fed daily is calculated and determined through a preset daily feed intake model; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned surface vessels (USVs) are selected as the feeding vehicles, and the driving path of the feeding vehicles is set according to the distribution of the compound feed feeding strip area. Based on the driving path, the feeding vehicles carrying the total daily compound feed amount drive along the central area of ​​the compound feed feeding strip area and deliver the compound feed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area ratio of the aquatic plant habitat zone to the compound feed feeding zone is 1:

1.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the aquatic plant habitat includes: the length of each aquatic plant habitat is the same as the length of the aquaculture water body, and the width is 8-12m; Elodea nuttallii is planted in the aquatic plant habitat from January to February each year, with a row spacing of 4m, a plant spacing of 3m, and a clump diameter of 30cm.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, If the aquaculture mode is pond culture, the construction of the aquatic plant habitat also includes: replanting *Hydrilla verticillata* in the aquatic plant habitat in late May each year.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the compound feed feeding strip area includes: the length of each compound feed feeding strip area is consistent with the length of the aquaculture water body, and the width is 8-12m; a rotary tiller is used to remove rice straw in the compound feed feeding strip area, and the bottom of the compound feed feeding strip area is kept flat, without cracks or deep holes.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, If a large amount of aquatic plants grow in the feeding strip area during crayfish farming, these plants should be removed promptly.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The daily feed intake model uses the weight of a single crayfish and the real-time water temperature of the aquaculture area as variable parameters. The daily food intake model is: DI = 0.00475 × e (0.0907T) ×W 0.7354 r 2 =0.9002, P<0.001; Where DI is the daily food intake of a single crayfish, T is the real-time water temperature in the aquaculture area, and W is the weight of a single crayfish; r 2 r represents the model's ability to interpret data. 2 The closer the value is to 1, the better the fit; P indicates whether the effect of a certain independent variable is real. The smaller the P value, the stronger the evidence that the effect exists. The total amount of compound feed to be fed each day is calculated based on the total number of crayfish in the aquaculture area and the daily feed intake of each crayfish.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When setting the travel path of the feeding vehicle, ensure that the path is consistent with the extension direction of the compound feed feeding strip area, and that the center line of the path coincides with the center line of the compound feed feeding strip area.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before feeding compound feed, load the corresponding weight of compound feed into the feed storage bin of the feeding vehicle according to the determined daily total amount of compound feed to be fed.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When determining the speed of the feeding vehicle, the calculation is based on the total amount of compound feed fed, the amount of feed delivered by the feeding vehicle per unit time, and the total distance traveled by the feeding vehicle along the compound feed feeding strip area. If the feeding vehicle is a drone, its flight altitude also needs to be determined to ensure that the compound feed falls evenly into the compound feed feeding strip area.

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