Automatic hole forming device and method for group machining

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic hole forming device and method for group machining, the device comprises a group of parallel X-direction guide rails, an X-direction driving mechanism, an X-direction driving rack, two X-direction driving bases, a Y-direction driving mechanism, a Y-direction guide rail and the like, and a plurality of products are fixed on a product clamping platform through positioning pins after being pre-assembled; the industrial camera obtains an image of a reference hole in a product and feeds back the image to the control system, and the control system controls the X-direction driving mechanism to drive all components on the X-direction driving mechanism to move in the X direction after verifying that the position of the reference hole is correct, and controls the Y-direction driving mechanism to drive all components on the Y-direction driving mechanism to move in the Y direction. And after all parts on the Z-direction driving mechanism reach the designated drilling position, the Z-direction driving mechanism is controlled to drive the main shaft feeding mechanism and the pneumatic main shaft to move to the position above the drilling position by a certain distance, then the pneumatic main shaft is controlled to be started, and the main shaft feeding mechanism is controlled to drive the pneumatic main shaft to move in the Z direction and make contact with the surface of the product till drilling work is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerospace manufacturing and assembly technology, specifically to an automated hole-making device and method for group processing. Background Technology

[0002] The level of automation in aircraft assembly hole making is gradually increasing. Currently, automatic hole making technology mainly uses specialized equipment such as hole making machine tools, automatic drilling and riveting machines, robotic arm hole making systems, or flexible rail hole making systems. These types of equipment are generally used in the making of holes for large panels, fuselage sections, and final assembly, and are all "dedicated to specific aircraft".

[0003] For simple, open, and small components such as beams, ribs, and small panels, this type of equipment is too bulky, resulting in wasted functionality. Furthermore, it can only process one workpiece at a time, requiring the unloading of the already processed workpiece before clamping the next one, which introduces workpiece switching waiting time and reduces overall processing efficiency. Consequently, in practical applications, the overall efficiency of automated hole-making technology is not necessarily higher than that of manual hole-making. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the issues of wasted functionality and low overall processing efficiency in existing automated hole-making technologies, this invention provides an automated hole-making device and method for group processing. While ensuring hole-making quality, it fully utilizes the equipment's capabilities, enabling the simultaneous processing of multiple workpieces, reducing workpiece changeover waiting time, and improving the overall processing efficiency of the automated hole-making equipment. The technical solution is as follows: On one hand, an automatic hole-making device for group hole-making is provided, comprising a set of parallel X-axis guide rails, an X-axis drive mechanism, an X-axis drive rack, two X-axis drive bases, a Y-axis drive mechanism, a Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis drive base, a Z-axis drive mechanism, a spindle base, a pneumatic spindle, a spindle feed mechanism, an industrial camera, a camera feed mechanism, a control system, and a product clamping platform. The X-axis guide rails are fixed on the product clamping platform, and the X-axis drive rack is parallel to one of the X-axis guide rails and fixed to one side of the product clamping platform, with the X-axis drive mechanism provided on that side. The X-axis drive mechanism is mounted on the X-axis drive base, which is mounted on the X-axis guide rail. The Y-axis drive base spans the X-axis guide rail and is mounted on the X-axis drive base, forming a semi-frame rigid structure with the X-axis. The Y-axis drive base is equipped with a Y-axis drive mechanism, and the Z-axis drive mechanism is connected to the Y-axis drive mechanism. The three motion axes move independently. The spindle base is mounted on the Z-axis drive mechanism, and the spindle feed mechanism and camera feed mechanism are mounted on the spindle base. The pneumatic spindle is mounted on the spindle feed mechanism, and the industrial camera is mounted on the camera feed mechanism.

[0005] The industrial camera acquires images of the reference holes on the product and feeds them back to the control system. After verifying that the reference hole position is correct, the control system controls the X-axis drive mechanism to move all components on the X-axis drive mechanism along the X-axis. The control system then controls the Y-axis drive mechanism to move all components on the Y-axis drive mechanism along the Y-axis. Once all components on the Z-axis drive mechanism reach the designated hole-making position, the control system controls the Z-axis drive mechanism to move the spindle feed mechanism and the pneumatic spindle to a certain distance above the hole-making position. Finally, the control system activates the pneumatic spindle and controls the spindle feed mechanism to move the pneumatic spindle along the Z-axis and contact the product surface until the hole-making action is completed.

[0006] Optionally, the X-axis drive mechanism includes an X-axis motor, a drive gear, a driven gear, an X-axis motor base, an X-axis motor adapter, and six X-axis sliders. The X-axis sliders are grouped in sets of three and mounted in two groups on two X-axis guide rails. Each X-axis drive base is connected to one group of X-axis sliders. The X-axis motor base is mounted on one side of the X-axis drive base. The X-axis motor is fixed to the X-axis motor base and connected to the drive gear via the X-axis motor adapter. The drive gear and driven gear mesh with the X-axis drive rack. During movement, the X-axis motor drives the drive gear to rotate. The reaction force generated by the meshing causes the X-axis drive mechanism and the structures mounted on it to move together. The sides of the X-axis guide rails act as guides, ensuring the entire mechanism can move stably along the X-axis.

[0007] Optionally, the Y-axis drive mechanism includes a Y-axis motor, a Y-axis motor base, a Y-axis drive gear, a belt, a Y-axis driven gear, a Y-axis lead screw support slide rail, a Y-axis lead screw, a Y-axis lead screw slider, a set of Y-axis guide rail sliders, a Y-axis lead screw slider joint, a Y-axis guide rail slider joint, and a Y-axis drive joint. The Y-axis drive base has a rectangular opening at one end. The Y-axis motor is connected to the Y-axis motor base and fixed to the back of the end with the rectangular opening. The Y-axis drive gear is mounted on the Y-axis motor. The Y-axis lead screw support slide rail is fixed to the front of the Y-axis drive base. The Y-axis lead screw is fixed to the Y-axis lead screw support slide rail via bearings. One end of the Y-axis lead screw extending from the Y-axis lead screw support slide rail is connected to the Y-axis driven gear. The belt passes through the rectangular opening and is fitted onto the Y-axis drive gear. On the driving gear and the Y-direction driven gear, trapezoidal grooves are opened on the inner walls of both sides of the Y-direction screw support slide rail seat, which mesh with the trapezoidal flanges on the side of the Y-direction screw slider. During movement, the Y-direction motor drives the Y-direction driving gear to rotate, and transmits the rotation to the Y-direction driven gear through the belt. The Y-direction driven gear drives the Y-direction screw slider to move through the Y-direction screw. The Y-direction screw slider joint is fixed on the Y-direction screw slider. The Y-direction drive joint fixed on the Y-direction screw slider joint drives all the structures on the Y-direction drive joint to move along the Y direction. The Y-direction guide rail is fixed on the upper side of the Y-direction drive base. The Y-direction guide rail slider is installed on the Y-direction guide rail. One side of the Y-direction guide rail slider joint is fixed on the Y-direction guide rail slider, and the other side is connected to the Y-direction drive joint. The Y-direction guide rail plays a guiding and supporting role for the Y-direction movement.

[0008] Optionally, the Z-axis drive mechanism includes a Z-axis motor, a coupling, a Z-axis lead screw, a Z-axis slider nut, a Z-axis slider joint, and a Z-axis drive base; wherein, the Z-axis motor is connected to the Z-axis lead screw through the coupling, the Z-axis lead screw is fixed on the Z-axis drive base, the Z-axis slider nut is installed on the Z-axis lead screw, and the Z-axis slider joint is fixed on the Z-axis slider nut. During movement, the Z-axis motor drives the coupling to move the Z-axis slider nut through the Z-axis lead screw, and the Z-axis slider nut drives the Z-axis slider joint and all structures on the Z-axis slider joint to move along the Z-axis.

[0009] Optionally, the spindle feed mechanism includes a spindle feed connecting base, a spindle feed cylinder, a spindle feed piston rod, a cylinder support, a spindle rear support, a spindle front support, a spindle feed slider, and a spindle feed guide rail. The spindle feed cylinder is fixed to the rear end of the spindle feed connecting base, the spindle feed piston rod passes through the spindle feed cylinder, the spindle feed guide rail is fixed to the front end of the spindle feed connecting base, the spindle feed slider is mounted on the spindle feed guide rail, the spindle rear support is fixed to the spindle feed cylinder, and the spindle front support is fixed to the spindle feed slider. During movement, air enters the spindle feed cylinder and moves along the feed direction with the spindle feed piston rod, driving the pneumatic spindle through the spindle rear support. When the pneumatic spindle moves, the spindle front support drives the spindle feed slider to move on the spindle feed guide rail. The linkage between the spindle front support and the spindle rear support improves the stability of the pneumatic spindle's movement.

[0010] Optionally, the product clamping platform includes a positioning plate, a frame, positioning pins, and clamping pins. The positioning plate is mounted on the frame and has a set of positioning flanges based on the theoretical shape of the product. Each positioning flange has clearance grooves on both sides, several clearance holes, and a set of positioning clamping holes. The clearance holes are located at the product fasteners, and the positioning clamping holes are located at the corresponding T-holes and K-holes of the product. Bushings are installed in the clearance holes. The product is positioned on the positioning plate, with the product's T-holes and K-holes aligned with the positioning clamping holes. A positioning clamping plate is also included. The clamping plate has through holes aligned with the T-holes and K-holes. Positioning pins and clamping pins are also included. The pin passes through the clamping plate, the product's T-hole or K-hole, and finally enters the bushing of the positioning clamping hole. After tightening, the product is fixed. Taking a beam assembly as an example, the positioning plate has a set of beam web positioning flanges based on the theoretical shape of the beam. Several clearance holes and four positioning clamping holes are provided on both sides of the beam web positioning flanges at the fasteners connecting the web and the flange strip. The beam flange positioning flanges have clearance grooves on both sides. During positioning, the two T-holes at the ends of the beam web and the two K-holes in the middle are aligned with the positioning clamping holes. The positioning pin and clamping pin are inserted, passing through the clamping plate and the beam web, and then inserted into the bushing hole of the positioning flange. The clamping plate then tightens the pin. Two reference holes are provided on one side of the positioning plate, located at both ends of the plate. These are mainly used to establish the machining coordinate system after the camera captures the coordinate values ​​during hole making.

[0011] On the other hand, an automated hole-making method for group hole-making is provided, comprising: 1. Drill pre-connection holes at intervals in the area to be drilled on the product. Insert fastening pins into the pre-connection holes and tighten the fastening pins. After pre-assembly, position the product on the product clamping platform so that the product web contacts the positioning flange. Insert positioning pins and clamping pins and use clamping plates to clamp the product. Position multiple products on the product clamping platform. 2. Upon powering on the device, the control system controls the X-axis and Y-axis drive mechanisms to guide the industrial camera to a position above the first reference hole on the product clamping platform. The Z-axis drive mechanism is then controlled to move the industrial camera to a predetermined height. The industrial camera is then activated, and the camera feed mechanism adjusts it to a suitable height before taking a picture and recording the coordinates O1 of the reference hole in the device's coordinate system. Next, the industrial camera is driven to a position above the second reference hole on the product clamping platform, and it is activated again to take a picture and record the coordinates O2 of the reference hole in the device's coordinate system. The theoretical values ​​of O1 and O2 are known to be O1. ’ and O2 ’ Compare O1 with O1 ’ O2 and O2 ’ If the difference does not exceed the threshold, the hole-making task continues; otherwise, an alarm is triggered and processing is pending. 3. After verification, the control system establishes a hole-making plane coordinate system based on the measured values ​​of two points, with the X-axis direction being... The X-axis is the direction of the X-guide, and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the X-axis. After establishing a planar coordinate system, the hole-making coordinate plane α is determined according to the preset z value. All hole-making points in multiple product models are projected onto this plane α to obtain the hole-making coordinate values ​​O of all hole-making points on this plane α. 3、 O4……O N ; 4. The control system will input the hole coordinates O of multiple products. 3、 O4……O N Information, as a whole, generates processing procedures; 5. The control system controls the X-axis drive mechanism and the Y-axis drive mechanism to guide the pneumatic spindle to move above the first hole to be drilled. It controls the Z-axis drive mechanism to move the pneumatic spindle to the predetermined height. It controls the air intake of the pneumatic spindle to drive the drill bit to start rotating. The spindle feed mechanism drives the pneumatic spindle to start drilling along the Z-axis. After drilling is completed, the pneumatic spindle retracts along the Z-axis and moves along the X-axis guide rail and the Y-axis guide rail to the next hole position to continue drilling until all the holes of the beam assembly are completed.

[0012] Taking a beam assembly as an example, the method for automatically drilling using the aforementioned automated drilling system for group processing includes the following steps: Pre-connection holes are drilled at intervals in the area to be drilled for beam components, and pre-installed using fastening pins. After pre-installation, multiple beam components are positioned onto the product clamping platform. When the device is turned on, the control system controls the industrial camera to take pictures and record the coordinate values ​​of the reference hole. The theoretical value is compared with the actual value. If the difference does not exceed the threshold, the hole making task continues; otherwise, an alarm is triggered and the device waits for processing. After verification, the control system establishes a hole-making plane coordinate system based on the measured values ​​of two points. Then, according to the preset z value, it determines the hole-making coordinate plane α. All hole-making points within the digital model of multiple beam component products are projected onto this plane α to obtain the hole-making coordinate values ​​O of all hole-making points on this plane α. 3、 O4……O N ; The control system will set the hole coordinates O of multiple beam components. 3、 O4……O N Information, as a whole, generates processing procedures; The control system drives the pneumatic spindle to move to the hole to be drilled. The spindle feed mechanism drives the pneumatic spindle to start drilling along the Z direction. After the hole is drilled, it moves to the next hole position and repeats the above process until all the holes of the beam assembly are drilled.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are at least as follows: 1) The positioning and clamping system can clamp multiple workpieces at the same time and complete the processing of multiple workpieces at one time, reducing workpiece changeover time and improving processing efficiency; 2) The structure is relatively flexible, and the shape of the positioning plate can be changed to match the automatic hole making process of other types of parts; 3) By utilizing the "rigid connection" of the tooling, the relative position of the reference hole and the product is used to determine the relationship between the product coordinate system and the equipment coordinate system, which reduces the preparation time for establishing the coordinate system before drilling and greatly improves the overall efficiency of drilling. 4) The horizontal orientation is adopted, which increases the rigidity of the system and improves the stability of workpiece positioning compared with the traditional vertical orientation. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the automatic hole-making device; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the X-axis drive mechanism. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the Y-axis drive mechanism. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the Z-axis drive mechanism. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the main spindle feed mechanism; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the product clamping platform structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the positioning plate; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the clearance hole for the positioning plate.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. X-axis guide rail; 2. X-axis drive mechanism; 3. X-axis drive rack; 4. X-axis drive base; 5. Y-axis drive mechanism; 6. Y-axis guide rail; 7. Y-axis drive base; 8. Z-axis drive mechanism; 9. Spindle base; 10. Pneumatic spindle; 11. Spindle feed mechanism; 12. Industrial camera; 13. Camera feed mechanism; 14. Product clamping platform; 15. Beam assembly; 201. X-axis motor; 202. Drive gear; 203. Driven gear; 204. X-axis motor base; 205. X-axis motor adapter; 206. X-axis slider; 501. Y-axis motor; 502. Y-axis motor base; 503. Y-axis drive gear; 504. Belt; 505. Y-axis driven gear; 506. Y-axis lead screw support slide rail seat; 507. Y-axis lead screw; 508. Y-axis lead screw slider; 509. Y-axis guide rail slider; 510. Y-axis lead screw slider joint; 5 11. Y-axis guide rail slider joint; 512. Y-axis drive joint; 801. Z-axis motor; 802. Coupling; 803. Z-axis lead screw; 804. Z-axis slider nut; 805. Z-axis slider joint; 806. Z-axis drive base; 1101. Spindle feed connection base; 1102. Spindle feed cylinder; 1103. Spindle feed piston rod; 1104. Cylinder support; 1105. Spindle rear end support; 1106. 1107. Spindle front support; 1108. Spindle feed slider; 1301. Spindle feed guide rail; 1302. Camera feed cylinder; 1303. Camera feed piston rod; 1304. Camera feed slider; 1305. Camera feed guide rail; 1306. Camera support base; 1407. Positioning plate; 1408. Frame; 1409. Positioning pin; 14000. Clamping pin; 14001. Clamping plate; 1401. Positioning flange; 1402. Clearance groove; 1403. Clearance hole; 1404. Positioning clamping hole; 1410. Reference hole; 1501. Beam flange; 1502. Beam web; 1503. T-hole; 1504. K-hole. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The features and illustrative embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail. Numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without requiring some of these specific details. The following description of embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the invention by illustrating examples of the invention. The invention is by no means limited to any specific setups and methods set forth below, but covers any improvements, substitutions, and modifications to structures, methods, and devices without departing from the spirit of the invention. Well-known structures and techniques are not shown in the drawings and the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention.

[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other, and the various embodiments can be referenced and cited from each other.

[0019] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] See Figure 1This invention provides an automatic hole-making device for group processing, comprising a set of parallel X-axis guide rails 1, an X-axis drive mechanism 2, an X-axis drive rack 3, two X-axis drive bases 4, a Y-axis drive mechanism 5, a Y-axis guide rail 6, a Y-axis drive base 7, a Z-axis drive mechanism 8, a spindle base 9, a pneumatic spindle 10, a spindle feed mechanism 11, an industrial camera 12, a camera feed mechanism 13, and a product clamping platform 14. The X-axis guide rails 1 are fixed to the product clamping platform 14. The X-axis drive rack 3 is parallel to one of the X-axis guide rails 1 and fixed to one side of the product clamping platform 14, and the X-axis drive mechanism 2 is provided on this side. The X-axis drive mechanism 2 is mounted on the X-axis drive base 4, and the X-axis drive base 4 is mounted on the X-axis guide rails 1. The Y-axis drive base 7 spans the X-axis guide rail 1 and is mounted on the X-axis drive base 4, forming a semi-frame rigid structure with the X-axis guide rails. The Y-axis drive base 7 is provided with the Y-axis drive mechanism 5, and the Z-axis drive mechanism 8 is connected to the Y-axis drive mechanism 5. The three motion axes move independently of each other. The spindle base 9 is mounted on the Z-axis drive mechanism 8, the spindle feed mechanism 11 and the camera feed mechanism 13 are mounted on the spindle base 9, the pneumatic spindle 10 is mounted on the spindle feed mechanism 11, and the industrial camera 12 is mounted on the camera feed mechanism 13. The industrial camera 12 acquires the image of the reference hole on the product and feeds it back to the control system. After the control system verifies that the position of the reference hole is correct, it controls the X-axis drive mechanism 2 to drive all components on the X-axis drive mechanism 2 to move along the X-axis. It also controls the Y-axis drive mechanism 5 to drive all components on the Y-axis drive mechanism 5 to move along the Y-axis. After all components on the Z-axis drive mechanism 8 reach the designated hole-making position, it controls the Z-axis drive mechanism 8 to drive the spindle feed mechanism 11 and the pneumatic spindle 10 to move to a certain distance above the hole-making position. Then, it controls the pneumatic spindle 10 to open and controls the spindle feed mechanism 11 to drive the pneumatic spindle 10 to move along the Z-axis and contact the product surface until the hole-making action is completed.

[0021] See Figure 2 The X-axis drive mechanism 2 includes an X-axis motor 201, a drive gear 202, a driven gear 203, an X-axis motor base 204, an X-axis motor adapter 205, and six X-axis sliders 206. The X-axis sliders 206 are grouped in threes and installed in two groups on two X-axis guide rails 1. Each X-axis drive base 4 is connected to one group of X-axis sliders 206. The X-axis motor base 204 is installed on one side of the X-axis drive base 4. The X-axis motor 201 is fixed to the X-axis motor base 204 and connected to the drive gear 202 via the X-axis motor adapter 205. The drive gear 202 and the driven gear 203 mesh with the X-axis drive rack 3. During movement, the X-axis motor 201 drives the drive gear 202 to rotate. The reaction force generated by the meshing drives the X-axis drive mechanism 2 and the structures installed on it to move together. The sides of the X-axis guide rails 1 act as guides, ensuring the entire mechanism can move stably along the X-axis.

[0022] See Figure 3 The Y-axis drive mechanism 5 includes a Y-axis motor 501, a Y-axis motor base 502, a Y-axis drive gear 503, a belt 504, a Y-axis driven gear 505, a Y-axis lead screw support slide rail 506, a Y-axis lead screw 507, a Y-axis lead screw slider 508, a set of Y-axis guide rail sliders 509, a Y-axis lead screw slider joint 510, a Y-axis guide rail slider joint 511, and a Y-axis drive joint 512; wherein, the Y-axis drive base 7 has a rectangular opening at one end, through which the Y-axis motor 501 and... The Y-axis motor base 502 is connected to and fixed to the back of the Y-axis drive base 7 at the end with the rectangular opening. The Y-axis drive gear 503 is mounted on the Y-axis motor 501. The Y-axis lead screw support slide rail 506 is fixed to the front of the Y-axis drive base 7. The Y-axis lead screw 507 is fixed to the Y-axis lead screw support slide rail 506 by bearings. One end of the Y-axis lead screw 507 extending out of the Y-axis lead screw support slide rail 506 is connected to the Y-axis driven gear 505. The belt 504 passes through the rectangular opening. The Y-axis drive gear 503 and Y-axis driven gear 505 are fitted onto the Y-axis lead screw support slide rail 506. Trapezoidal grooves are formed on the inner walls of both sides of the slide rail 506, meshing with the trapezoidal flanges on the sides of the Y-axis lead screw slider 508. During operation, the Y-axis motor 501 drives the Y-axis drive gear 503 to rotate, transmitting the rotation to the Y-axis driven gear 505 via the belt 504. The Y-axis driven gear 505 then drives the Y-axis lead screw slider 508 to move via the Y-axis lead screw 507. The Y-axis lead screw slider joint 510 is fixed. The Y-axis screw slider 508 is fixed on the Y-axis, and the Y-axis drive connector 512, which is fixed on the Y-axis screw slider connector 510, drives all the structures on the Y-axis drive connector to move along the Y-axis. The Y-axis guide rail 6 is fixed on the upper side of the Y-axis drive base 7, and the Y-axis guide rail slider 509 is installed on the Y-axis guide rail 6. One side of the Y-axis guide rail slider connector 511 is fixed on the Y-axis guide rail slider 509, and the other side is connected to the Y-axis drive connector 512. The Y-axis guide rail 6 plays a guiding and supporting role for the Y-axis movement.

[0023] See Figure 4 The Z-axis drive mechanism 8 includes a Z-axis motor 801, a coupling 802, a Z-axis lead screw 803, a Z-axis slider nut 804, a Z-axis slider joint 805, and a Z-axis drive base 806. The Z-axis motor 801 is connected to the Z-axis lead screw 803 via the coupling 802. The Z-axis lead screw 803 is fixed on the Z-axis drive base 806. The Z-axis slider nut 804 is mounted on the Z-axis lead screw 803. The Z-axis slider joint 805 is fixed on the Z-axis slider nut 804. During movement, the Z-axis motor 801 drives the coupling 802 to move the Z-axis slider nut 804 via the Z-axis lead screw 803. The Z-axis slider nut 804 then drives the Z-axis slider joint 805 and all structures on the Z-axis slider joint 805 to move along the Z-axis.

[0024] See Figure 5The spindle feed mechanism 11 includes a spindle feed connecting base 1101, a spindle feed cylinder 1102, a spindle feed piston rod 1103, a cylinder support 1104, a spindle rear end support 1105, a spindle front end support 1106, a spindle feed slider 1107, and a spindle feed guide rail 1108. The spindle feed cylinder 1102 is fixed to the rear end of the spindle feed connecting base 1101, the spindle feed piston rod 1103 passes through the spindle feed cylinder 1102, the spindle feed guide rail 1108 is fixed to the front end of the spindle feed connecting base 1101, and the spindle feed slider 1107 is mounted on the spindle feed guide rail 1108. The rear end support base 1105 is fixed on the spindle feed cylinder 1102, and the front end support base 1106 is fixed on the spindle feed slider 1107. When moving, the spindle feed cylinder 1102 is filled with air, which moves along the feed direction of the spindle feed piston rod 1103. The rear end support base 1105 drives the pneumatic spindle 10 to move. When the pneumatic spindle 10 moves, the front end support base 1106 drives the spindle feed slider 1107 to move on the spindle feed guide rail 1108. The linkage between the front end support base 1106 and the rear end support base 1105 improves the stability of the pneumatic spindle 10's movement.

[0025] See Figure 6 The product clamping platform 14 includes a positioning plate 1401, a frame 1402, positioning pins 1403, clamping pins 1404, clamping plates 1405, positioning flanges 1406, clearance grooves 1407, clearance holes 1408, positioning clamping holes 1409, and reference holes 1410. The positioning plate 1401 is mounted on the frame 1402 and has a set of positioning flanges 1406 based on the theoretical shape of the product. Each positioning flange 1406 has clearance grooves 1407 on both sides. The positioning flanges 1406 also have several clearance holes 1408 and a set of positioning clamping holes 1409. The clearance holes 1408 are located at the product fasteners. Figure 8Positioning and clamping holes 1409 are set at the corresponding product T-holes 1503 and K-holes 1504. A bushing is installed in the clearance hole 1408. The product is positioned on the positioning plate 1401. The product T-holes 1503 and K-holes 1504 are aligned with the positioning and clamping holes 1409. The positioning and clamping plate 1405 has a through hole that is aligned with the T-holes 1503 and K-holes 1504. The positioning pins 1403 and clamping pins 1404 pass through the clamping plate 1405, the product T-holes 1503 or K-holes 1504, and finally enter the bushing in the positioning and clamping hole 1409. After tightening, the product is fixed. Taking the beam assembly 15 as an example, the positioning plate is based on... The theoretical shape of the beam includes a set of web positioning flanges. Several clearance holes 1408 and four positioning clamping holes 1409 are provided on both sides of the web positioning flange 1406 at the fasteners connecting the web 1502 and the flange strip 1501. The web positioning flange 1406 has flange strip clearance grooves 1407 on both sides. During positioning, the two T-holes 1503 at the ends of the web 1502 and the two K-holes 1504 in the middle are aligned with the positioning clamping holes 1409. Positioning pins 1403 and clamping pins 1404 are inserted, passing through the clamping plate 1405 and the web 1502, and then inserted into the bushing holes on the positioning flange 1406, where they are clamped by the clamping plate 1405. Two reference holes 1410 are provided on one side of the positioning plate 1401, located at both ends of the plate, for establishing a machining coordinate system after obtaining coordinate values ​​through camera photography during hole making. The cross-sectional structure of the positioning plate is shown in [reference needed]. Figure 7 , Taking a beam assembly as an example, the method for drilling holes using the aforementioned automated hole-making device for group processing includes the following steps: 1. Drill pre-connection holes equidistantly between the two beam flanges 1501 and the beam web 1502. Insert fastening pins into the pre-connection holes and tighten the fastening pins. After pre-assembly, place the beam assembly 15 on the product clamping platform 14 so that the beam web 1502 contacts the positioning flange 1405. Insert the positioning pin 1403 and the clamping pin 1404. Use the clamping plate 1405 to clamp the workpiece and fix the beam assembly 15 on the product clamping platform 14. Repeat the above steps to complete the positioning of multiple beam assemblies in sequence. 2. When the device is powered on, the control system guides the X-axis drive mechanism 2, Y-axis drive mechanism 5, and Z-axis drive mechanism 8 to guide the industrial camera 12 to a position above the first reference hole 1409 of the product clamping platform 14. The industrial camera 14 is then activated, and the camera feed mechanism 13 adjusts the camera to a suitable height, takes a picture, and records the coordinates O1 of the hole in the device coordinate system. The industrial camera 13 is then driven to move to a position above the second reference hole 1409 of the product clamping platform 14, takes a picture, and records the coordinates O2 of the hole in the device coordinate system. The theoretical values ​​of O1 and O2 are known to be O1. ’ and O2 ’ By comparing O1 with O1’ O2 and O2 ’ If the difference is less than 0.01mm, the hole-making task will continue; otherwise, an alarm will be triggered and the process will wait for further processing. 3. After verification, the system establishes a hole-making plane coordinate system based on the measured values ​​of two points, with the X-axis direction being... The X-axis is the direction of guide rail 1, and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the X-axis. After establishing a planar coordinate system, the hole-making coordinate plane α is determined according to the preset z value. All hole-making points in the product digit model of multiple beam components 15 are projected onto this plane α to obtain the hole-making coordinate values ​​O of all hole-making points on this plane α. 3、 O4……O N .

[0026] 4. The control system will set the hole coordinates O of multiple beam assemblies 15. 3、 O4……O N Information, as a whole, generates processing procedures; 5. The control system drives the pneumatic spindle 10 to move above the first hole to be drilled. The Z-axis drive mechanism 8 moves the pneumatic spindle 10 to a predetermined height. The pneumatic spindle 10 is then fed with air to drive the drill bit to start rotating. The spindle feed mechanism 11 drives the pneumatic spindle 10 to start drilling along the Z-axis. After drilling is completed, the pneumatic spindle 10 retracts along the Z-axis and moves along the X-axis guide rail 1 and Y-axis guide rail 6 to the next hole position to continue drilling until all the holes of the beam assembly are completed.

[0027] Three points need further explanation: 1) For clarity, the illustration only shows a portion of the product clamping platform 14 and the positioning plate 1401, frame 1402, positioning pin 1403, clamping pin 1404, and clamping plate 1405 set on it. The actual dimensions and pins are set according to the actual needs of the product; 2) For clarity, the illustration only shows a portion of the positioning plate 1401 and the positioning flange 1405, clearance groove 1406, clearance hole 1407, and positioning clamping hole 1408 set on it. Their positions are set according to the actual hole positions of the product. The clearance groove 1406 actually runs through the entire fixed plate, and its shape is set according to the actual shape of the product; 3) By replacing the positioning plate 1401 and redesigning the shape of the positioning flange 1405, clearance groove 1406, and the position of clearance hole 1407, the group processing requirements of other types of components can be met. The other types of components here include, but are not limited to, beam-type, rib-type components, or small wall panels.

[0028] The above description merely illustrates embodiments of the present invention and is quite specific and detailed; however, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, any parts of the present invention not described in detail are conventional techniques.

Claims

1. An automatic hole-making device for group processing, characterized in that, It includes a set of parallel X-axis guide rails (1), an X-axis drive mechanism (2), an X-axis drive rack (3), two X-axis drive bases (4), a Y-axis drive mechanism (5), a Y-axis guide rail (6), a Y-axis drive base (7), a Z-axis drive mechanism (8), a spindle base (9), a pneumatic spindle (10), a spindle feed mechanism (11), an industrial camera (12), a camera feed mechanism (13), a control system, and a product clamping platform (14); wherein, the X-axis guide rails (1) are fixed on the product clamping platform (14), the X-axis drive rack (3) is parallel to one of the X-axis guide rails (1) and fixed on one side of the product clamping platform (14), and the X-axis drive mechanism (2) is provided on this side. The X-axis drive base (4) is mounted on the X-axis guide rail (1). The Y-axis drive base (7) spans the X-axis guide rail (1) and is mounted on the X-axis drive base (4), forming a semi-frame rigid structure with the X-axis. The Y-axis drive base (7) is equipped with a Y-axis drive mechanism (5). The Z-axis drive mechanism (8) is connected to the Y-axis drive mechanism (5). The three motion axes move independently. The spindle base (9) is mounted on the Z-axis drive mechanism (8). The spindle feed mechanism (11) and the camera feed mechanism (13) are mounted on the spindle base (9). The pneumatic spindle (10) is mounted on the spindle feed mechanism (11). The industrial camera (12) is mounted on the camera feed mechanism (13).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The industrial camera (12) acquires an image of the reference hole on the product and feeds it back to the control system. After the control system verifies that the reference hole position is correct, it controls the X-axis drive mechanism to drive all components on the X-axis drive mechanism (2) to move along the X-axis. It controls the Y-axis drive mechanism to drive all components on the Y-axis drive mechanism (5) to move along the Y-axis. After all components on the Z-axis drive mechanism (8) reach the designated hole-making position, it controls the Z-axis drive mechanism (8) to drive the spindle feed mechanism (11) and the pneumatic spindle (10) to move to a certain distance above the hole-making position. Then, it controls the pneumatic spindle (10) to open and controls the spindle feed mechanism (11) to drive the pneumatic spindle (10) to move along the Z-axis and contact the product surface until the hole-making action is completed.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-axis drive mechanism (2) includes an X-axis motor (201), a drive gear (202), a driven gear (203), an X-axis motor base (204), an X-axis motor adapter (205), and six X-axis sliders (206); wherein, the X-axis sliders (206) are arranged in groups of three and are installed on two X-axis guide rails (1) in two groups. Each X-axis drive base (4) is connected to a group of X-axis sliders (206). The X-axis motor base (201) is installed on one side of the X-axis drive base (4). The X-axis motor (201) is fixed on the X-axis motor base (204) and connected to the drive gear (202) via the X-axis motor adapter (205). The drive gear (202) and the driven gear (203) mesh with the X-axis drive rack (3) respectively. When moving, the X-axis motor (201) drives the drive gear (202) to rotate. The reaction force generated by the meshing drives the X-axis drive mechanism (2) and the structure installed on the X-axis drive mechanism (2) to move together. The side of the X-axis guide rail (1) plays a guiding role, keeping the entire mechanism able to move stably along the X-axis.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Y-axis drive mechanism (5) includes a Y-axis motor (501), a Y-axis motor base (502), a Y-axis drive gear (503), a belt (504), a Y-axis driven gear (505), a Y-axis lead screw support slide rail base (506), a Y-axis lead screw (507), a Y-axis lead screw slider (508), a set of Y-axis guide rail sliders (509), a Y-axis lead screw slider joint (510), a Y-axis guide rail slider joint (511), and a Y-axis drive joint (512); wherein, the Y-axis drive base (7) has a rectangular opening at one end, and the Y-axis motor (501) is located at the other end of the base. 1) The Y-axis motor base (502) is connected and fixed to the back of the rectangular opening end of the Y-axis drive base (7). The Y-axis drive gear (503) is mounted on the Y-axis motor (501). The Y-axis lead screw support slide rail (506) is fixed to the front of the Y-axis drive base (7). The Y-axis lead screw (507) is fixed to the Y-axis lead screw support slide rail (506) by bearings. One end of the Y-axis lead screw (507) extending out of the Y-axis lead screw support slide rail (506) is connected to the Y-axis driven gear (505). The belt (504) passes through the rectangular opening. The Y-axis screw support slide rail seat (506) is fitted onto the Y-axis driving gear (503) and the Y-axis driven gear (505). Trapezoidal grooves are formed on the inner walls of both sides of the Y-axis screw support slide rail seat (506), meshing with the trapezoidal flanges on the sides of the Y-axis screw slider (508). During operation, the Y-axis motor (501) drives the Y-axis driving gear (503) to rotate, transmitting the rotation to the Y-axis driven gear (505) via a belt (504). The Y-axis driven gear (505) then drives the Y-axis screw slider (508) to move via the Y-axis screw (507). The Y-axis screw slider joint (510) is fixed. On the Y-axis lead screw slider (508), the Y-axis drive connector (512) fixed on the Y-axis lead screw slider connector (510) drives all the structures on the Y-axis drive connector (512) to move along the Y-axis. The Y-axis guide rail (6) is fixed on the upper side of the Y-axis drive base (7). The Y-axis guide rail slider (509) is installed on the Y-axis guide rail (6). One side of the Y-axis guide rail slider connector (511) is fixed on the Y-axis guide rail slider (509), and the other side is connected to the Y-axis drive connector (512). The Y-axis guide rail (6) plays a guiding and supporting role for the Y-axis movement.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Z-axis drive mechanism (8) includes a Z-axis motor (801), a coupling (802), a Z-axis lead screw (803), a Z-axis slider nut (804), a Z-axis slider joint (805), and a Z-axis drive base (806). The Z-axis motor (801) is connected to the Z-axis lead screw (803) through the coupling (802). The Z-axis lead screw (803) is fixed on the Z-axis drive base (806). The Z-axis slider nut (804) is installed on the Z-axis lead screw (803). The Z-axis slider joint (805) is fixed on the Z-axis slider nut (804). When moving, the Z-axis motor (801) drives the coupling (802) to drive the Z-axis slider nut (804) to move through the Z-axis lead screw (803). The Z-axis slider nut (804) drives the Z-axis slider joint (805) and all structures on the Z-axis slider joint (805) to move along the Z-axis.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spindle feed mechanism 11 includes a spindle feed connecting base (1101), a spindle feed cylinder (1102), a spindle feed piston rod (1103), a cylinder support (1104), a spindle rear end support (1105), a spindle front end support (1106), a spindle feed slider (1107), and a spindle feed guide rail (1108). The spindle feed cylinder (1102) is fixed to the rear end of the spindle feed connecting base (1101), the spindle feed piston rod (1103) passes through the spindle feed cylinder (1102), the spindle feed guide rail (1108) is fixed to the front end of the spindle feed connecting base (1101), and the spindle feed slider (1107) is mounted on the spindle feed guide rail (1108). The spindle rear end support base (1105) is fixed on the spindle feed cylinder (1102), and the spindle front end support base (1106) is fixed on the spindle feed slider (1107). When moving, the spindle feed cylinder (1102) takes in air and moves along the feed direction along the spindle feed piston rod (1103). The spindle rear end support base (1105) drives the pneumatic spindle (10) to move. When the pneumatic spindle (10) moves, the spindle front end support base (1106) drives the spindle feed slider (1107) to move on the spindle feed guide rail (1108). The two bases, the spindle front end support base (1106) and the spindle rear end support base (1105), are linked together to improve the stability of the pneumatic spindle (10) movement.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The product clamping platform (14) includes a positioning plate (1401), a frame (1402), a positioning pin (1403), a clamping pin (1404), a clamping plate (1405), a positioning flange (1406), a clearance groove (1407), a clearance hole (1408), a positioning clamping hole (1409), and a reference hole (1410). The positioning plate (1401) is mounted on the frame and has a set of positioning flanges (1406) based on the theoretical shape of the product. Each positioning flange (1406) has clearance grooves (1407) on both sides, and several clearance holes (1408) and a set of positioning clamping holes (1409) are provided on the positioning flanges (1406). A clamping hole (1409) and a clearance hole (1408) are provided at the product fastener. The positioning clamping hole (1409) is provided at the corresponding product T hole and K hole. A bushing is installed in the clearance hole (1408). The product is positioned on the positioning plate (1401). The product T hole and K hole are aligned with the positioning clamping hole (1409). The positioning clamping plate (1405) is provided with a through hole, which is aligned with the T hole and K hole. The positioning pin (1403) and the clamping pin (1404) pass through the clamping plate (1405), the product T hole or K hole, and finally enter the bushing of the positioning clamping hole (1409). After tightening, the product is fixed.

8. A method for making holes using the automated hole-making apparatus for group processing as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Drill pre-connection holes at intervals in the area to be drilled on the product. Insert fastening pins into the pre-connection holes and tighten the fastening pins. After pre-assembly, position the product on the product clamping platform (14) so ​​that the product web plate contacts the positioning flange (1406). Insert positioning pins (1403) and clamping pins (1404) and use clamping plates (1405) to clamp and position multiple products on the product clamping platform. Step 2: Power on the device. The control system controls the X-axis drive mechanism (2) and the Y-axis drive mechanism (5) to guide the industrial camera (12) to a position above the first reference hole (1410) on the product clamping platform (14). The control system controls the Z-axis drive mechanism (8) to move the industrial camera (12) to a predetermined height. The industrial camera (12) is then started. The camera feed mechanism (13) adjusts the industrial camera (12) to a suitable height, takes a picture, and records the coordinates O1 of the reference hole (1410) in the device coordinate system. Then, the industrial camera (12) is driven to move to a position above the second reference hole (1410) on the product clamping platform (14). The industrial camera (12) is then started to take a picture and record the coordinates O2 of the reference hole (1410) in the device coordinate system. The theoretical values ​​of O1 and O2 are known to be O1. ’ and O2 ’ Compare O1 with O1 ’ O2 and O2 ’ If the difference does not exceed the threshold, the hole-making task continues; otherwise, an alarm is triggered and processing is pending. Step 3: After verification, the control system establishes a hole-making plane coordinate system based on the measured values ​​of two points. The X-axis direction is... The X-axis is the direction of the X-guide (1), and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the X-axis. After establishing a planar coordinate system, the hole-making coordinate plane α is determined according to the preset z value. All hole-making points in multiple product models are projected onto the plane α to obtain the hole-making coordinate values ​​O of all hole-making points on the plane α. 3、 O4…… O N ; Step 4: The control system will assign hole coordinates O to multiple products. 3、 O4……O N Information, as a whole, generates processing procedures; Step 5: The control system controls the X-axis drive mechanism (2) and the Y-axis drive mechanism (5) to guide the pneumatic spindle (10) to move above the first hole to be drilled. The control system controls the Z-axis drive mechanism (8) to move the pneumatic spindle (10) to the predetermined height. The control system controls the pneumatic spindle (10) to take in air and drive the drill bit to start rotating. The spindle feed mechanism (11) drives the pneumatic spindle (10) to start drilling along the Z-axis. After drilling is completed, the pneumatic spindle (10) retracts along the Z-axis and moves along the X-axis guide rail (1) and the Y-axis guide rail (6) to the next hole position to continue drilling until all the holes of the beam assembly are completed.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The product is a beam assembly, and the method includes: Pre-connection holes are drilled at intervals in the area to be drilled for beam components, and pre-installed using fastening pins. After pre-installation, multiple beam components are positioned on the product clamping platform (14). When the device is turned on, the control system controls the industrial camera (12) to take pictures and record the coordinate values ​​of the reference hole (1410). The theoretical value is compared with the actual value. If the difference does not exceed the threshold, the hole-making task continues to be performed; otherwise, an alarm is triggered and the device is left to wait for processing. After verification, the control system establishes a hole-making plane coordinate system based on the measured values ​​of two points. Then, according to the preset z value, it determines the hole-making coordinate plane α. All hole-making points within the digital model of multiple beam component products are projected onto this plane α to obtain the hole-making coordinate values ​​O of all hole-making points on this plane α. 3、 O4……O N ; The control system will set the hole coordinates O of multiple beam components. 3、 O4……O N Information, as a whole, generates processing procedures; The control system drives the pneumatic spindle (10) to move to the hole to be made. The spindle feed mechanism (11) drives the pneumatic spindle (10) to start making the hole along the Z direction. After the hole is made, it moves to the next hole position and repeats the above process until all the holes of the beam assembly are made.

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