Biological carrier for sewage treatment and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of sewage treatment, in particular to a biological carrier for sewage treatment and a preparation method thereof. The device comprises a shell and a plurality of carrier shells, the carrier shells are sleeved with the shell in sequence from the center of a carrier body to the outer side of the carrier body from small to large, fixing assemblies are arranged at the top and the bottom of the carrier body, extending assemblies are arranged at the top ends and the bottom ends of the shell and the carrier shells, and the shell and the extending assemblies form a spherical structure. Penetrating water permeable holes are formed in the shell and the carrier shell, and an aerobic zone, an anoxic zone and an anaerobic zone are formed in the carrier main body by staggering the water permeable holes through the rotary extension assembly. The aerobic zone, the anoxic zone and the anaerobic zone can be formed according to the actual demand of sewage treatment, and not only can biocenosis with single oxygen demand be cultivated, but also biocenosis with multiple oxygen demands can be cultivated at the same time. The preparation method provided by the invention has high strength and good corrosion resistance, and can be used for a long time in a complex sewage treatment environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment, and more specifically to a biological carrier for wastewater treatment and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of wastewater treatment, biological treatment has become one of the most widely used methods due to its high efficiency and environmental friendliness. As the core component of biological treatment, the performance of biological carriers directly affects the effectiveness and efficiency of wastewater treatment. Currently, wastewater treatment faces numerous challenges, including complex and variable water quality and increasingly stringent treatment requirements, revealing a series of problems with existing biological carriers that urgently need to be addressed.

[0003] Traditional biological carriers are mostly simple, single-type carriers with limited functions. Common solid block or columnar carriers can only provide a habitat for microorganisms with a single oxygen requirement, failing to meet the diverse dissolved oxygen needs of different microorganisms in complex wastewater. For example, in treating domestic sewage, the wastewater contains both aerobic microorganisms that require large amounts of dissolved oxygen for metabolic activities to decompose organic pollutants, and anaerobic microorganisms that perform denitrification in low-oxygen environments to remove nitrogen. However, traditional single-type carriers cannot simultaneously create suitable living conditions for both types of microorganisms, resulting in poor wastewater treatment effects and failure to meet increasingly stringent discharge standards.

[0004] Existing biological carriers also have certain problems in terms of strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. They are prone to damage and aging during use, which shortens the service life of the carrier and increases the cost of sewage treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems and provide a biological carrier for wastewater treatment. To achieve the above objective, this invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A biological carrier for wastewater treatment includes a carrier body, which includes an outer shell and several carrier shells. The carrier shells are fitted inside the outer shell and have different radii. The carrier shells are fitted in ascending order of size from the center of the carrier body to the outer side. The top and bottom of the carrier body are provided with fixing components. The top and bottom of the outer shell and the carrier shells are provided with extension components. The outer shell and the extension components form a spherical structure. The outer shell and the carrier shells are provided with through-holes. By rotating the extension components to stagger the through-holes, aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic zones are formed on the carrier body.

[0007] As an improvement, the extension assembly includes several extension plates disposed at the top and bottom of the outer shell and the carrier shell. The extension plates have different sizes on different carrier shells, and the size of the extension plates gradually decreases from the center of the carrier body to the outer side. The outer shell and the extension plates form a spherical structure.

[0008] As an improvement, the fixing component includes a support ring disposed at the top and bottom of the outer shell and the carrier shell. The support ring has a support rod evenly distributed in the middle, and the support rod has a plurality of grooves that are inserted into the outer shell and the carrier shell.

[0009] As an improvement, the support rod divides the top and bottom of the carrier body into different area blocks, which are larger than the width of the extension plate.

[0010] As an improvement, the fixing component also includes a fixing plate, which has several concentric rings of holes. The holes in adjacent rings are staggered. The holes include evenly spaced openings. The openings are inserted into the extension plate. The fixing plate is fixed to the top and bottom of the carrier body through the openings.

[0011] A method for preparing a biological carrier for wastewater treatment, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1, mix kaolin, bentonite and quartz sand, add pore-forming agent and binder, stir thoroughly and evenly to make a blank;

[0013] S2, the blank is injection molded into a blank in the shape of a shell, carrier shell, support ring, and fixing plate, and the blank is sintered at high temperature to form a porous ceramic skeleton;

[0014] S3, dissolve polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan in deionized water in proportion, heat and stir until completely dissolved to form a blended solution, add nano titanium dioxide and nano activated carbon in proportion to the blended solution to obtain a surface functional layer solution, and immerse the porous ceramic skeleton in the surface functional layer solution.

[0015] S4. Use a drilling machine to process water-permeable holes on the soaked outer shell and carrier shell, use a drilling machine to process holes on the soaked fixing plate, and assemble the carrier body.

[0016] As an improvement, in step S1, the ratio of kaolin, bentonite, and quartz sand is 5:2:3, the pore-forming agent is starch, the binder is water glass, and the ratio of starch to water glass is 1:2.

[0017] As an improvement, in step S2, the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1000-1200℃ and the sintering time is 2-4 hours.

[0018] As an improvement, in step S3, the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to chitosan is 3:1, the concentration of the blend solution is 5%-10%, the ratio of titanium dioxide to nano-activated carbon is 2:5, and the porous ceramic skeleton is immersed in the surface functional layer solution for 10-30 minutes.

[0019] As an improvement, in step S4, the diameter of the permeable hole is 3-5 mm.

[0020] The advantages of this invention are:

[0021] 1. This invention uses a rotating extension component to stagger the permeable holes, which can form aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic zones according to the actual needs of wastewater treatment. It can cultivate biological communities with a single oxygen requirement or biological communities with multiple oxygen requirements at the same time, thereby improving the adaptability and efficiency of wastewater treatment.

[0022] 2. The overall spherical design of this invention enables the carrier to be subjected to uniform force in all directions in sewage, reducing wear and displacement caused by water flow impact.

[0023] 3. This invention uses a porous ceramic framework as the basic structure of the carrier, which, after high-temperature sintering, possesses high strength and good corrosion resistance, enabling long-term use in complex wastewater treatment environments. The surface functional layer solution contains polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, nano-titanium dioxide, and nano-activated carbon, among other components. These components exhibit good biocompatibility, providing a suitable growth environment for microorganisms and promoting their attachment and growth. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a biological carrier for wastewater treatment in Example 1.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the outer shell in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the carrier body in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the support ring in Example 1.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a biological carrier for wastewater treatment in Example 2.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the fixing plate in Example 2.

[0030] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of a biological carrier for wastewater treatment in Example 2.

[0031] Figure 8This is a cross-sectional view of a biological carrier for wastewater treatment in Example 2.

[0032] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the carrier body in Example 2.

[0033] The diagram is labeled as follows:

[0034] 1. Main body of the carrier; 2. Fixing components; 3. Extension components;

[0035] 11. Outer shell; 12. Carrier shell; 13. Water permeable holes; 14. Aerobic zone; 15. Anoxic zone; 16. Anaerobic zone;

[0036] 21. Support ring; 22. Support rod; 23. Groove; 24. Area block; 25. Fixing plate; 26. Hole group; 27. Hole;

[0037] 31. Extension plate. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" means at least two.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] The present invention will now be described in detail and specifically through specific embodiments to enable a better understanding of the invention. However, the following embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment discloses a biological carrier for wastewater treatment.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment includes a carrier body 1, which includes an outer shell 11 and several carrier shells 12. The several carrier shells 12 are fitted inside the outer shell 11. The carrier shells 12 have different radii and are fitted in order from the center of the carrier body 1 to the outer side, from small to large. The top and bottom of the carrier body 1 are provided with fixing components 2. The top and bottom of the outer shell 11 and the carrier shells 12 are provided with extension components 3. The outer shell 11 and the extension components 3 form a spherical structure. The outer shell 11 and the carrier shells 12 are provided with through water permeable holes 13. By rotating the extension components 3 to offset the water permeable holes 13, an aerobic zone 14, an anoxic zone 15, and an anaerobic zone 16 are formed on the carrier body 1.

[0047] This embodiment uses four carrier shells 12. This is a biological carrier without a fixing plate 25. Since the top and bottom of the carrier body 1 are connected to the external environment, and the permeable holes 13 are interconnected, the dissolved oxygen content inside and outside the carrier body 1 is similar. At this time, a suitable single-aerobic-demand microbial community can be inoculated according to the type of pollutants in the wastewater and the treatment requirements for wastewater treatment. The treatment effect of the wastewater is monitored regularly, and the number and position of the carriers are adjusted as needed.

[0048] The outer shell 11 and the extension component 3 together form a spherical structure. This spherical structure not only has good hydrodynamic performance, which is beneficial to the flow and distribution of sewage around it, but also enables the carrier to be subjected to uniform force in all directions in the sewage, reducing wear and displacement caused by water flow impact.

[0049] Both the outer shell 11 and the carrier shell 12 are provided with through-holes 13. These through-holes 13 penetrate from one side of the carrier to the other, allowing sewage to flow freely between the inside and outside of the carrier. When sewage flows through the carrier, it can enter various areas inside the carrier through these through-holes 13, making full contact with the microorganisms attached to the carrier, thereby providing the microorganisms with the necessary nutrients and dissolved oxygen. At the same time, the microorganisms decompose pollutants in the sewage, achieving the purpose of sewage treatment.

[0050] The extension component 3 includes several extension plates 31, which are disposed at the top and bottom of the outer shell 11 and the carrier shell 12. The extension plates 31 have different sizes on different carrier shells 12. The size of the extension plates 31 gradually decreases from the center of the carrier body 1 to the outer side. The outer shell 11 and the extension plates 31 form a spherical structure.

[0051] The extension plate 31 is integrally formed with the outer shell 11 and the carrier shell 12. This integral formation enhances the overall integrity and stability of the structure, preventing structural damage or functional failure caused by loose connections between components. Furthermore, the integral formation facilitates integral molding during manufacturing, improving production efficiency and product quality.

[0052] The fixing component 2 includes a support ring 21, which is disposed at the top and bottom of the outer shell 11 and the carrier shell 12. The support ring 21 has a support rod 22 evenly distributed in the middle, and the support rod 22 has a plurality of grooves 23, which are inserted into the outer shell 11 and the carrier shell 12.

[0053] The groove 23 is designed to achieve a tight connection between the support rod 22 and the outer shell 11 and the carrier shell 12. Through the cooperation of the groove 23 with the outer shell 11 and the carrier shell 12, the positions of each component can be accurately positioned, ensuring that they will not shift or misalign during installation. At the same time, this plug-in method also enhances the strength of the connection, preventing the components of the carrier body 1 from easily loosening during operation.

[0054] When the fixing plate 25 is not installed, the top and bottom of the carrier body 1 are connected to the external environment. At this time, the permeable holes 13 are also open to both the inside and outside. The dissolved oxygen content inside and outside the carrier body 1 is similar, which can cultivate a biological community with a single oxygen demand. In this case, it is suitable for wastewater treatment scenarios that only need to treat specific types of pollutants and have relatively simple requirements for the oxygen demand of microorganisms.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] This embodiment discloses a biological carrier for wastewater treatment.

[0057] like Figures 5 to 9As shown, this embodiment includes a carrier body 1, which includes an outer shell 11 and several carrier shells 12. The several carrier shells 12 are fitted inside the outer shell 11. The carrier shells 12 have different radii and are fitted in order from the center of the carrier body 1 to the outer side, from small to large. The top and bottom of the carrier body 1 are provided with fixing components 2. The top and bottom of the outer shell 11 and the carrier shells 12 are provided with extension components 3. The outer shell 11 and the extension components 3 form a spherical structure. The outer shell 11 and the carrier shells 12 are provided with through water permeable holes 13. By rotating the extension components 3 to offset the water permeable holes 13, an aerobic zone 14, an anoxic zone 15, and an anaerobic zone 16 are formed on the carrier body 1.

[0058] This embodiment uses a carrier body 1 with a fixing plate 25. In the outer layer of the carrier, due to the small or almost non-misaligned spacing of the permeable holes 13, the sewage has sufficient contact with the outside air, allowing a large amount of dissolved oxygen to enter, forming an aerobic zone 14. This zone is suitable for the growth and metabolism of aerobic microorganisms, which can efficiently decompose organic matter and other pollutants in the sewage. In the middle layer of the carrier, the permeable holes 13 are moderately misaligned, resulting in a relatively reduced water flow velocity and dissolved oxygen intake, forming an anoxic zone 15. This zone is suitable for the survival of facultative anaerobic microorganisms, which can carry out denitrification and other reactions to remove pollutants such as nitrogen. In the inner layer of the carrier, the permeable holes 13 are more misaligned, and almost no dissolved oxygen enters, forming an anaerobic zone 16. In this environment, anaerobic microorganisms carry out anaerobic fermentation and other reactions on the complex organic matter in the sewage, further degrading pollutants. In this way, an aerobic zone 14, anoxic zone 15, and anaerobic zone 16 are formed on a single carrier body 1, enabling the simultaneous cultivation of biological communities with different oxygen requirements, thus improving the efficiency and effectiveness of sewage treatment.

[0059] The extension component 3 includes several extension plates 31, which are disposed at the top and bottom of the outer shell 11 and the carrier shell 12. The extension plates 31 have different sizes on different carrier shells 12. The size of the extension plates 31 gradually decreases from the center of the carrier body 1 to the outer side. The outer shell 11 and the extension plates 31 form a spherical structure.

[0060] The fixing component 2 includes a support ring 21, which is disposed at the top and bottom of the outer shell 11 and the carrier shell 12. The support ring 21 has a support rod 22 evenly distributed in the middle, and the support rod 22 has a plurality of grooves 23, which are inserted into the outer shell 11 and the carrier shell 12.

[0061] The support rod 22 divides the top and bottom of the carrier body 1 into different area blocks 24, and the area blocks 24 are larger than the width of the extension plate 31.

[0062] This design provides ample space for the rotation of the extension plate 31. When it is necessary to adjust the position of the permeable holes 13 by rotating the extension plate 31 to change the dissolved oxygen distribution inside the carrier, the extension plate 31 can rotate within the zone block 24 without being obstructed by the support rod 22. In actual operation, the operator can easily rotate the extension plate 31 to adjust it to a suitable angle within the zone block 24 to achieve the adjustment of the aerobic zone 14, the anoxic zone 15, and the anaerobic zone 16. At the same time, this design also facilitates the installation and disassembly of the extension plate 31, making it easier to maintain and repair the biological carrier.

[0063] The fixing component 2 also includes a fixing plate 25, which has several concentric rings of holes 26. The holes 26 in adjacent rings are staggered. The holes 26 include evenly spaced holes 27. The holes 27 are inserted into the extension plate 31. The fixing plate 25 is fixed to the top and bottom of the carrier body 1 through the holes 27.

[0064] The fixing plate 25 can further secure the staggered extension plate 31, increasing overall stability. When the fixing plate 25 is installed, the top and bottom of the carrier body 1 are closed to the external environment. At this time, by rotating the extension component 3 to stagger the water permeable holes 13, the dissolved oxygen content inside and outside the carrier body 1 is different, with the oxygen content gradually decreasing from the outside to the inside, forming an aerobic zone 14, an anoxic zone 15, and an anaerobic zone 16, which can simultaneously cultivate biological communities with multiple oxygen requirements. This design can meet more complex wastewater treatment needs and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of wastewater treatment.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing a biological carrier for wastewater treatment, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1, mix kaolin, bentonite and quartz sand, add pore-forming agent and binder, stir thoroughly and evenly to make a blank;

[0068] Kaolin: It has good plasticity and binding properties and is one of the main components of ceramic body, which can provide the body with certain strength and forming performance.

[0069] Bentonite: It has strong water absorption and expansion properties. In the billet, it can increase the plasticity and bonding strength of the billet, and at the same time help to improve the drying strength of the billet and reduce cracking during the drying process.

[0070] Quartz sand: It can improve the high temperature resistance and chemical stability of the green body. During high temperature sintering, quartz sand can react with other components to form a stable crystal structure, which enhances the strength and hardness of the ceramic skeleton.

[0071] Pore-forming agents: During high-temperature sintering, pore-forming agents decompose or volatilize, leaving pores in the green body and forming a porous structure. These pores provide space for microorganisms to attach and grow, which helps to increase the specific surface area of ​​the biological carrier and enhance the wastewater treatment effect.

[0072] Binder: It binds raw material particles such as kaolin, bentonite, and quartz sand together, giving the billet good molding properties. During the molding process, the binder ensures the stability of the billet shape and prevents breakage or deformation during handling and processing.

[0073] S2, the blank is injection molded into a blank in the shape of a shell, carrier shell, support ring, and fixing plate, and the blank is sintered at high temperature to form a porous ceramic skeleton;

[0074] The prepared blank is injected into a specific mold through an injection molding machine to form a blank of the required shape, such as a shell, carrier shell, support ring, or fixing plate. Injection molding has the advantages of high molding precision, high production efficiency, and the ability to manufacture complex shapes. It can ensure that the size and shape of each component meet the design requirements, providing a good foundation for subsequent assembly and use.

[0075] At high temperatures, various components in the green body undergo physical and chemical changes, such as crystal structure transformation, melting, and recrystallization. These changes gradually densify the green body, while the pores left after the pore-forming agent decomposes and volatilizes are retained, forming a porous ceramic framework with a certain strength and porosity. High-temperature sintering can improve the mechanical strength, chemical stability, and thermal stability of the ceramic framework. The sintered ceramic framework can withstand certain pressure and impact forces, and is not easily corroded or damaged in wastewater treatment environments, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the biological carrier.

[0076] S3, dissolve polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan in deionized water in proportion, heat and stir until completely dissolved to form a blended solution, add nano titanium dioxide and nano activated carbon in proportion to the blended solution to obtain a surface functional layer solution, and immerse the porous ceramic skeleton in the surface functional layer solution.

[0077] Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) possesses good water solubility and adhesive properties, while chitosan exhibits biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Dissolving them in deionized water in a specific ratio and heating with stirring until completely dissolved creates a blend solution that can serve as the base for a surface functional layer. This blend solution can form a uniform thin film on the ceramic framework surface, providing a carrier for the subsequent addition of other functional components.

[0078] Nano-titanium dioxide possesses photocatalytic properties, enabling it to degrade organic matter and harmful substances in wastewater under light conditions; nano-activated carbon has a large specific surface area and adsorption capacity, allowing it to adsorb heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in wastewater. Adding these components to a blended solution in a specific ratio results in a surface functional layer solution that endows the biological carrier with more functions, enhancing its wastewater treatment capacity.

[0079] S4. Use a drilling machine to process water-permeable holes on the soaked outer shell and carrier shell, use a drilling machine to process holes on the soaked fixing plate, and assemble the carrier body.

[0080] Permeable holes are drilled into the soaked outer shell and carrier shell using a drilling machine. The purpose of the permeable holes is to allow wastewater to circulate inside the biological carrier, ensuring sufficient contact with microorganisms attached to the carrier surface and in the pores, thereby improving wastewater treatment efficiency. The diameter and distribution density of the permeable holes affect the flow rate and uniformity of wastewater, and need to be rationally designed according to actual needs.

[0081] Holes are machined into the soaked fixing plate. These holes are used to connect with the extension plate, thus securing the extension plate to the fixing plate. The size and positional accuracy of the holes directly affect the connection between the fixing plate and the extension plate, and machining precision must be ensured.

[0082] In step S1, the ratio of kaolin, bentonite, and quartz sand is 5:2:3, the pore-forming agent is starch, the binder is water glass, and the ratio of starch to water glass is 1:2.

[0083] In step S2, the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1000-1200℃, and the sintering time is 2-4 hours.

[0084] In step S3, the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to chitosan is 3:1, the concentration of the blend solution is 5%-10%, the ratio of titanium dioxide to nano-activated carbon is 2:5, and the porous ceramic skeleton is immersed in the surface functional layer solution for 10-30 minutes.

[0085] In step S4, the diameter of the permeable hole is 3-5 mm.

[0086] The first step is to weigh out 50 kg of kaolin, 20 kg of bentonite, and 30 kg of quartz sand, and mix them evenly. Add 10 kg of starch as a pore-forming agent and 5 kg of water glass as a binder, and stir thoroughly for 2 hours to form a uniform blank.

[0087] The second step involves injection molding the raw material into a blank with an outer shell, a carrier shell, a support ring, and a fixing plate. The outer shell and the carrier shell both have extension plates at the top and bottom, and the outer shell and the extension plates, as well as the carrier shell and the extension plates, are all integrally formed. The blank is then placed in a high-temperature furnace and sintered at 1100°C for 3 hours to obtain a porous ceramic skeleton.

[0088] Third, weigh 6 kg of polyvinyl alcohol and 2 kg of chitosan, add them to 100 kg of deionized water, heat to 90°C, and stir for 3 hours until completely dissolved to form a blended solution with a concentration of 8%. Weigh 2 kg of nano-titanium dioxide and 5 kg of nano-activated carbon, add them to the above blended solution, and soak for 45 minutes to ensure that the nanomaterials are uniformly dispersed in the solution, thus obtaining the surface functional layer solution.

[0089] The fourth step involves using a drilling machine to drill water-permeable holes on the soaked outer shell and carrier shell, and using the drilling machine to drill holes in the soaked fixing plate. The diameter of the water-permeable holes is 4mm. The carrier body is then assembled.

[0090] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but they are merely examples, and the present invention is not equivalent to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions to the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological carrier for wastewater treatment, characterized in that, The carrier body includes a main body, which comprises an outer shell and several carrier shells. The carrier shells are fitted inside the outer shell, and the carrier shells have different radii. They are fitted sequentially from the center of the carrier body to the outermost part, with the smaller ones being larger. The top and bottom of the carrier body are provided with fixing components. The top and bottom of the outer shell and the carrier shells are provided with extension components. The outer shell and the extension components form a spherical structure. The outer shell and the carrier shells are provided with through-holes for water permeability. By rotating the extension components to stagger the water permeability holes, aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic zones are formed on the carrier body.

2. The biological carrier for wastewater treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extension assembly includes several extension plates, which are disposed at the top and bottom of the outer shell and the carrier shell. The extension plates have different sizes on different carrier shells, and the size of the extension plates gradually decreases from the center of the carrier body to the outer side. The outer shell and the extension plates form a spherical structure.

3. The biological carrier for wastewater treatment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fixing component includes a support ring, which is disposed at the top and bottom of the outer shell and the carrier shell. The support ring has a support rod evenly distributed in the middle, and the support rod has a plurality of grooves that are inserted into the outer shell and the carrier shell.

4. A biological carrier for wastewater treatment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support rod divides the top and bottom of the carrier body into different regions, and the regions are larger than the width of the extension plate.

5. A biological carrier for wastewater treatment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fixing component also includes a fixing plate, which has several concentric rings of holes. The holes in adjacent rings are staggered. The holes include evenly spaced openings. The openings are inserted into the extension plate. The fixing plate is fixed to the top and bottom of the carrier body through the openings.

6. A method for preparing a biological carrier for wastewater treatment, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, mix kaolin, bentonite and quartz sand, add pore-forming agent and binder, stir thoroughly and evenly to make a blank; S2, the blank is injection molded into a blank in the shape of a shell, carrier shell, support ring, and fixing plate, and the blank is sintered at high temperature to form a porous ceramic skeleton; S3, dissolve polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan in deionized water in proportion, heat and stir until completely dissolved to form a blended solution, add nano titanium dioxide and nano activated carbon in proportion to the blended solution to obtain a surface functional layer solution, and immerse the porous ceramic skeleton in the surface functional layer solution. S4. Use a drilling machine to process water-permeable holes on the soaked outer shell and carrier shell, use a drilling machine to process holes on the soaked fixing plate, and assemble the carrier body.

7. The method for preparing a biological carrier for wastewater treatment according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the ratio of kaolin, bentonite, and quartz sand is 5:2:3, the pore-forming agent is starch, the binder is water glass, and the ratio of starch to water glass is 1:

2.

8. The method for preparing a biological carrier for wastewater treatment according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1000-1200℃, and the sintering time is 2-4 hours.

9. The method for preparing a biological carrier for wastewater treatment according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to chitosan is 3:1, the concentration of the blend solution is 5%-10%, the ratio of titanium dioxide to nano-activated carbon is 2:5, and the porous ceramic skeleton is immersed in the surface functional layer solution for 10-30 minutes.

10. The method for preparing a biological carrier for wastewater treatment according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the diameter of the permeable hole is 3-5 mm.

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