Steady-state dense filling system

Abstract

The invention provides a steady-state dense filling system, and belongs to the technical field of mine engineering. The barrel is arranged in a feeding path in the thickening bin; the spiral slurry inlet annular channel is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder body, forms a continuous spiral descending tailing slurry channel around the central axis of the cylinder body, and is used for receiving the tailing slurry and guiding the tailing slurry to flow towards the bottom of the cylinder body along a spiral path; and the graded flocculant adding device is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder body and is used for repeatedly adding a flocculant into the tailing slurry at different positions in the spiral slurry inlet loop. According to the invention, the barrel is arranged to provide a constraint space, so that the spiral slurry inlet loop implements kinetic energy cascade dissipation in the spiral slurry inlet loop, and the graded flocculant adding device is synchronously utilized to reinforce floccules at a flow velocity attenuation node in a graded manner, so that the initial velocity of the tailing slurry is greatly reduced, and high-strength floccules with sedimentation inertia resistance and impact resistance are constructed, and finally, the steady-state thickening target is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining engineering technology, and particularly relates to a steady-state thickening filling system. Background Technology

[0002] Backfilling mining is a relatively efficient mining method in deep well mining. The backfilling process includes tailings thickening and dewatering, selection of backfill materials, mixing ratio of materials, preparation and transportation of backfill slurry, backfilling process and quality assurance. Among these, the tailings thickening and dewatering and backfill slurry transportation processes are particularly critical, directly affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of the backfilling system. Tailings thickening is a process that uses the synergistic effect of gravity and chemical bonding to form high-density slurry. The thickening effect of tailings slurry is often affected by construction conditions, and existing thickeners are difficult to provide a good process environment.

[0003] In summary, the shortcomings of the existing technology are: tailings density is greatly affected by transportation conditions and environmental factors, has a high initial velocity, and has a large inertia during the fall, making it difficult to guarantee the quality of the underflow output of dense tailings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a steady-state dense filling system.

[0005] This invention is implemented as follows: a steady-state dense filling system, comprising: Dense warehouse; The cylinder is located within the feed path inside the thickening silo; A spiral slurry inlet channel is installed on the inner wall of the cylinder, forming a continuously spiraling tailings slurry channel around the central axis of the cylinder. It is used to receive tailings slurry and guide it to flow along the spiral path to the bottom of the cylinder. A graded flocculant addition device is installed on the outer wall of the cylinder to add flocculant to tailings slurry at different locations within the spiral feed channel multiple times.

[0006] In some embodiments, the spiral feed channel rotates at least two revolutions around the central axis of the cylinder.

[0007] In some embodiments, the graded flocculant adding device is provided with flocculant adding ports at intervals on the upper part of the spiral feed ring, and the flocculant adding device is provided with at least one flocculant adding port on each ring of the spiral feed ring. The types of flocculants added at the two flocculant addition ports located in different layers are different.

[0008] In some embodiments, the staged flocculant addition device includes: The upper flocculant addition pipe is arranged around the outer wall of the cylinder and is configured to match the path of the spiral feed channel; The lower flocculant addition pipe is arranged in a ring around the slurry outlet end of the outer wall of the cylinder; The upper flocculant addition pipe and the lower flocculant addition pipe are provided with flocculant injection ports for injecting flocculant into the cylinder, and the cylinder is provided with a corresponding flocculant addition port.

[0009] In some embodiments, a water impeller is provided directly below the outlet of the spiral feed ring channel, and the flocculant injection port of the lower flocculant addition pipe is located below the water impeller.

[0010] In some embodiments, a guide plate is provided at the slurry outlet end of the cylinder to block the tailings slurry and slow down its flow rate. The graded flocculant addition device includes an upper flocculant addition pipe and a lower flocculant addition pipe. The lower flocculant addition pipe is arranged around the slurry outlet end of the outer wall of the cylinder, and a flocculant injection port is opened on the pipe body of the lower flocculant addition pipe. The guide plate is arranged below the flocculant injection port closest to the slurry outlet.

[0011] In some embodiments, the guide plate is an inverted hollow cone structure with the apex facing upwards and the base facing downwards.

[0012] In some embodiments, the steady-state thickening filling system further includes: Deep well delivery pipes are used to transport the thickened tailings slurry into the mine. Multiple impellers are installed in the deep well delivery pipe to absorb the kinetic energy of the tailings slurry and limit its flow velocity.

[0013] In some embodiments, a generator is connected to the impeller to convert the kinetic energy absorbed by the impeller into electrical energy.

[0014] In some embodiments, a water turbine is installed inside the cylinder to absorb the kinetic energy of the tailings slurry, and the shaft of the water turbine is connected to a generator.

[0015] This invention provides a steady-state thickening filling system, comprising: a thickening bin; a cylinder disposed within the feed path of the thickening bin; a spiral feed channel disposed on the inner wall of the cylinder, forming a continuously spiraling tailings channel around the central axis of the cylinder, used to receive tailings and guide them to flow along the spiral path to the bottom of the cylinder; and a staged flocculant addition device disposed on the outer wall of the cylinder, used to add flocculant multiple times to tailings at different locations within the spiral feed channel. By incorporating a cylindrical structure, a pipe-like constraint structure is provided at the feed inlet of the thickening silo and at the top of the silo's interior. This allows the tailings slurry, when pumped out at high speed from the pipe, to first impact the inner wall of the cylindrical structure, significantly dissipating its kinetic energy and weakening its initial kinetic energy, thus enabling better settling and thickening. Subsequently, the cylindrical structure restricts the movement range of the tailings slurry, allowing it to better conform to the spiral feed channel. The spiral feed channel can dissipate the kinetic energy of the tailings slurry in a stepped manner, and ensures that the tailings slurry moves smoothly within the spiral feed channel. During the thickening process, the solid particles are subjected to a certain centrifugal force, which propels them towards the pipe wall and aggregates to form a pre-concentrated layer, further improving the thickening efficiency of the thickening chamber. Simultaneously, a staged flocculant addition device is used to strengthen the flocs at velocity decay nodes, resulting in a stepwise increase in floc strength that matches the kinetic energy decay curve. High-mechanical-strength flocs have stronger adhesion upon leaving the cylinder, preventing direct impact to the bottom of the thickening chamber and thus ensuring floc integrity and providing favorable conditions for subsequent thickening processes. Therefore, this application provides a constrained space within the cylinder, allowing the spiral feed channel to dissipate kinetic energy in stages within it. Simultaneously, a staged flocculant addition device is used to strengthen the flocs at velocity decay nodes, significantly reducing the initial velocity of the tailings slurry and constructing high-strength flocs that resist settling inertia and impact, ultimately achieving the steady-state thickening target.

[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a steady-state dense filling system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation location of a steady-state thickening filling system provided in this application embodiment within a thickening chamber; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a staged flocculant addition device for a steady-state thickening filling system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4This is a perspective structural diagram of the internal device of a steady-state dense filling system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a guide plate of a steady-state dense filling system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the deep well delivery pipe and internal impeller of a steady-state thickening filling system provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 10, thickening chamber; 20, cylinder; 21, spiral feed ring; 22, staged flocculant addition device; 23, upper flocculant addition pipe; 24, lower flocculant addition pipe; 25, water turbine; 26, guide plate; 30, deep well delivery pipe; 31, impeller. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0022] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2A steady-state thickening filling system includes: a thickening chamber 10; specifically, the thickening chamber 10 is a container structure for containing and thickening tailings slurry, used to concentrate low-concentration tailings slurry into high-concentration slurry for subsequent filling; a cylinder 20, disposed within the feed path inside the thickening chamber 10; specifically, the cylinder 20 is a hollow tubular structure that constrains the slurry flow direction and velocity through its tubular structure, used to guide the tailings slurry smoothly into the thickening area and serve as the installation foundation for subsequent components; and a spiral feed channel 21, disposed on the inner wall of the cylinder 20, forming a continuously spiraling tailings slurry channel around the central axis of the cylinder 20, used to receive tailings slurry and guide it along the spiral path. The tailings flow towards the bottom of the cylinder 20. Specifically, the spiral feed channel 21 is a continuous spiral descent path formed by the inner wall of the cylinder 20 around the central axis of the cylinder 20. This guides the tailings slurry to enter and, driven by gravity, rotate and descend along the spiral path. This causes the tailings slurry to be affected by centrifugal force and tangential velocity, extending its residence time in the system and providing a spiral flow trajectory to promote flocculant mixing. Furthermore, under the action of centrifugal force, the particles in the tailings slurry will tend to move towards one side of the pipe wall, thus creating a certain pre-thickening effect. A staged flocculant addition device 22, located on the outer wall of the cylinder 20, is used to add flocculant to tailings slurry at different locations within the spiral feed channel 21. Multiple flocculant additions are performed. Specifically, the staged flocculant addition device 22 has multiple addition points. Flocculant is added at corresponding locations on the wall of the cylinder 20, injecting it into different positions within the spiral feed channel. It should be noted that the staged flocculant addition device 22 can include any structure capable of achieving the aforementioned technical effects. For example, 3-5 independent annular distribution pipes or distribution grooves are set along the vertical height of the outer wall of the cylinder 20. For example, the height of the distribution pipes includes high, middle, and low positions; or, for example, high, mid-high, middle, mid-low, and low positions, and this height description is relative to the cylinder. Regarding the other distribution pipe locations on the surface of cylinder 20, each annular distributor corresponds to the spiral feed channel 21 at different heights of cylinder 20. Each annular distributor is connected to an external flocculant supply system through an independent main inlet pipe. Each main inlet pipe is equipped with an independent control valve and flow meter. On the side of the annular distributor facing the inner wall of cylinder 20, multiple radial injection nozzles or microporous membranes are equally spaced to ensure that the flocculant can be uniformly sprayed onto the spiral channel cross-section at that height. For example, on the outer wall of cylinder 20, along the expected trajectory of the spiral feed channel 21, i.e., along the spiral path, multiple independent point injection units are set. In this embodiment, these injection units include independent nozzles.These nozzles are arranged in a spiral pattern with a uniform phase difference. In this embodiment, these nozzles are uniformly distributed with reference to the angle difference, one nozzle every 90 degrees, and staggered vertically. The spacing depends on the height difference of the spiral channel, forming a spiral array of nozzles surrounding the cylinder 20. Each nozzle is connected to an external flocculant supply pump via an independent pipeline, and each pipeline is also equipped with an independent control valve and flow regulating device. For example, one or more vertical guide rail systems are provided on the outer wall of the cylinder 20. Two to four movable injection component units are installed on these guide rails. Each unit includes: one or a group of fan-shaped nozzles or atomizing nozzles, with a pressure-resistant hose connected to the input end of the atomizing nozzle; an actuator that can be precisely positioned along the vertical guide rail. In this embodiment, the actuator includes a stepper motor-driven slider and a hydraulic cylinder, as well as a position sensor connected to the central control system. Each injection unit has an independent main liquid supply line and a flow control valve.

[0030] Furthermore, the staged flocculant addition device 22 allows for different injection methods. Based on the example above, with 3-5 independent annular distribution pipes or channels along the vertical height of the outer wall of the cylinder 20, for instance, a dilute initial flocculant is added at the high level to initiate flocculation, a main metering agent is added in the middle level for consolidation, and a small amount of flocculant with adjusted dosage or different proportions is added at the low level. Alternatively, all valves at each stage can be opened simultaneously to achieve relatively uniform injection throughout the entire spiral channel path, thus achieving synchronous injection. This avoids uneven floc size distribution caused by excessively high or low local concentrations, significantly improving the contact efficiency between flocculant and particles. For example, valves are opened sequentially according to the downward flow of slurry to achieve staged flocculation, thereby making the flocculation process controllable and improving agent utilization. By independently adjusting the flow rate and pressure at different levels through control valves, flocculant injection with different concentrations and shear intensities can be achieved. For example, high pressure and low concentration at high levels promote diffusion, high pressure and high concentration at medium levels promote floc collision, and medium pressure and medium concentration at low levels avoid excessive shearing in the floc compression zone, maintaining the integrity of the floc structure.

[0031] In this system, the workflow begins with the tailings slurry entering the cylinder 20 and being guided by the spiral feed channel 21 to flow along a continuous spiral descent trajectory. During this process, the spiral feed channel 21 disperses particles by applying centrifugal force to the tailings slurry to improve its fluidity. The spiral channel itself extends the flow channel, thus prolonging the flow time and promoting mixing. Simultaneously, it reduces the initial kinetic energy of the tailings slurry through collisions, resulting in less energy carried when the tailings slurry enters the thickening chamber 10, thereby reducing its interference with the settling environment within the thickening chamber 10. Then, the staged flocculant addition device... Flocculants are injected at multiple locations to leverage the chemical adsorption and aggregation effect, forming large flocs of tailings. During this process, the multi-point flocculant addition device 22 balances the concentration gradient based on its multi-point flocculant addition feature to achieve efficient sedimentation. Furthermore, the multi-point flocculant addition feature of the multi-point flocculant addition device 22 allows for the use of various injection methods to meet different flocculation requirements, thus greatly enhancing the engineering flexibility of the device. The slurry then continues to descend to the bottom of the cylinder 20 and flows into the thickening chamber 10. Finally, solid-liquid separation is completed in the thickening chamber 10 through gravity sedimentation, resulting in concentrated tailings underflow. This application primarily addresses the problem that tailings thickening is greatly affected by transportation conditions and environmental factors, resulting in high initial velocity, large inertia during descent, and difficulty in ensuring the quality of the concentrated tailings underflow output by setting up the cylinder 20 to provide a constrained space, allowing the spiral feed channel 21 to dissipate kinetic energy in a stepped manner within it. Secondly, this application can also solve the technical problems of uneven flocculation, low settling efficiency, and high risk of blockage caused by single-point addition of flocculant, short flow path, and insufficient residence time in the tailings slurry thickening system. By extending the slurry flow path through the spiral design of the spiral feed ring channel 21, the reaction time is increased and the flow velocity is dispersed. Centrifugal force and tangential velocity are used to stabilize the flow state. Combined with the multi-point addition mechanism of the staged flocculant addition device 22, the flocculant is mixed in stages at different locations. At the same time, the thickening chamber 10 and the cylinder 20 cooperate to ensure smooth delivery at the interface. The synergistic effect of structural fluid dynamics and chemical reaction enhances the flocculation uniformity, thereby improving the overall processing stability and efficiency of the system and achieving uniform thickening output.

[0032] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The spiral feed channel 21 rotates at least twice around the central axis of the cylinder 20. That is, the spiral feed channel 21 is a continuous spiral channel formed by the inner wall of the cylinder 20 rotating at least twice around the axis. After the tailings slurry enters the system with a high initial velocity, it is forced to rotate and descend in a spiral trajectory of at least two turns. The linear kinetic energy of the slurry is converted into rotational motion by the number of spiral turns. The flow rate is gradually reduced by increasing the path length and continuously consuming the inertial kinetic energy of the slurry by the centrifugal field. At the same time, the spiral centrifugal force disperses the concentration of solid particles and reduces the impact of deposition, thereby creating a stable flow environment for flocculation and sedimentation.

[0033] Meanwhile, the multi-layered structure of the spiral feed channel 21 forms layered addition points in the axial direction of the cylinder 20. When the slurry rotates once, the graded flocculant addition device 22 can inject different types of flocculants at the corresponding layer height. For example, a coagulant accelerator is added in the first layer to form floc nuclei, while a polymeric flocculant is added in subsequent layers to increase the flocs. Through the staged reaction, it adapts to the slurry velocity decay process, prevents the high-speed flow from dispersing the floc structure, and uses the layer separation to achieve targeted flocculation, so that the flocculant addition position is precisely matched with the slurry velocity decay stage, thereby optimizing the floc formation efficiency.

[0034] In summary, this embodiment extends the slurry flow distance by designing at least two spiral slurry inlet rings 21, reduces the flow velocity by utilizing geometric path constraints and frictional force to convert inertial kinetic energy, and provides a layered spatial basis for staged flocculation to achieve a step-like flocculation reaction with flow velocity adaptation. Combined with the rigid support of the cylinder 20 for the spiral structure to maintain the continuity of the flow field, the synergistic control of physical kinetic energy dissipation and chemical processes significantly reduces the slurry impact effect and improves the flow stability within the thickening chamber 10, thereby ensuring uniform underflow concentration and improving filling quality.

[0035] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The graded flocculant addition device 22 has flocculant addition ports spaced at intervals on the spiral feed ring channel 21, and the flocculant addition device has at least one flocculant addition port on each ring of the spiral feed ring channel 21. The types of flocculants added to the two flocculant addition ports in different rings are different. Specifically, the graded flocculant addition device 22 achieves spatial distribution by setting addition ports at intervals in multiple rings of the spiral feed channel 21. Each ring has at least one addition port for injecting a specific type of flocculant. The purpose is to adapt different functional flocculants to the differences in flow velocity and state of the slurry in different spiral rings to optimize the flocculation effect in layers. When the tailings slurry descends along the spiral path ring by ring, the addition port in the upstream ring injects a destabilizing agent or cationic flocculant to neutralize the surface charge of the particles and form primary floc nuclei, while the addition port in the downstream ring injects a polymeric anionic flocculant to increase the size of the flocs through bridging. The physical separation formed by the height difference of the spiral rings allows flocculants with different chemical properties to intervene at specific flow stages, thereby matching the need for rapid charge neutralization to prevent dispersion when the slurry rotates at high speed in the first ring, and the dynamic needs of slow polymerization of long-chain polymers when the flow velocity decreases in subsequent rings. This overcomes the interference of high initial velocity inertia on the single flocculation process and achieves progressive flocculation control.

[0036] In summary, this embodiment adds different types of flocculants in a layered manner, using the physical layer height of the spiral feed channel 21 to divide the chemical reaction stages. In the first high-velocity zone, a charge neutralizer is used to quickly form floc nuclei and prevent particle dispersion. In the subsequent low-velocity zone, a polymeric flocculant is used to gradually increase the floc size and improve settling efficiency. Combined with at least two spiral paths that continuously consume inertial kinetic energy to reduce the flow rate, a dual control mechanism at both the physical and chemical levels is formed. The slurry velocity decay curve is precisely matched with the spiral layer height difference, allowing flocculants with different chemical properties to play their roles within their respective flow rate windows. For example, fast-reacting flocculants efficiently initiate flocculation in the high-speed zone, while slow-growing flocculants consolidate the floc structure in the low-speed zone, avoiding the problem of high-speed inertial dispersal of flocs and the difficulty of adapting a single flocculant throughout the process. This significantly improves the uniformity of underflow concentration and settling stability.

[0037] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3The graded flocculant addition device 22 includes: an upper flocculant addition pipe 23, which is arranged around the outer wall of the cylinder 20 and is configured to match the path of the spiral feed channel 21; specifically, the upper flocculant addition pipe 23 is an annular pipe arranged around the outer wall of the cylinder 20 along the initial section of the spiral feed channel 21. Flocculant is injected into the corresponding spiral channel inside the cylinder 20 through the pipe inlet, allowing the flocculant to initially mix with the high initial velocity slurry. This achieves the function of injecting flocculant in the initial stage of the slurry entering the spiral channel, thereby promoting the rapid diffusion of flocculant at the high flow velocity in the initial section of the spiral path to form primary floc nuclei to resist the impact of high-speed flow. This meets the highest flow velocity requirement in the initial section, rapidly neutralizing the surface charge of particles to prevent dispersion, and forming micro-flocs through chemical adsorption to lay the foundation for subsequent reactions; and a lower flocculant addition pipe 24, which is arranged around the cylinder 20. The outer wall outlet end; specifically, the lower flocculant addition pipe 24 is an annular pipe set at the bottom outlet end of the cylinder 20. When the slurry is about to leave the cylinder 20, flocculant is injected through the pipe injection port to perform final flocculation enhancement before the slurry flows out of the spiral channel or the cylinder 20. Taking advantage of the reduced flow velocity at the end of the spiral path, the polymer flocculant can fully wrap around the primary flocs to increase their size and density. Because the slurry flow velocity drops to the threshold suitable for slow polymerization after consuming kinetic energy through the spiral channel, long-chain molecules can slowly wrap the micro flocs to form a dense structure and improve sedimentation performance. At this time, flocculation enhancement can form fully combined flocs to a higher degree. The upper flocculant addition pipe 23 and the lower flocculant addition pipe 24 are provided with flocculant injection ports for injecting flocculant into the cylinder 20, and the cylinder 20 is provided with corresponding flocculant addition ports.

[0038] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 4 The upper flocculant addition pipe 23 and the lower flocculant addition pipe 24 form a graded cooperative system. The upper pipe injects a charge neutralizer in the high-speed section to quickly stabilize the particles, while the lower pipe injects a polymeric flocculant at the low-speed outlet end to consolidate the floc structure. This allows the slurry to undergo two stages of chemical treatment as it flows within the spiral feed ring 21. The two additions, separated by space, achieve phased optimization of the flocculation process, precisely corresponding to the slurry's kinetic energy decay curve. This allows fast-reacting and slow-growing flocculants to function within their respective adaptation windows, avoiding functional conflicts and thus collaboratively solving the problem. A single addition cannot adequately address both high and low speed conditions. Secondly, the spiral feed channel 21 works in conjunction with the two-stage addition pipes. The spiral path provides a spatial reference, allowing the upper pipe to match the initial layer and the lower pipe to match the final layer. The spiral geometric constraints ensure that the addition position is synchronized with the flow state, naturally dividing the chemical treatment sections to form a coordinated control at both the physical and chemical levels. During the descent of the slurry along the spiral, initial flocculation is completed in the corresponding area of ​​the upper pipe. By the time the slurry reaches the area of ​​the lower pipe, the flocs already have a basic structure and are further strengthened. The principle is based on the height difference of the spiral layers.

[0039] In addition, the cylinder 20 ensures that the two-stage flocculants are accurately injected into the target positions through the pre-set addition port on the wall, providing a structural basis for the staged addition.

[0040] In summary, the specific workflow in this embodiment is as follows: when the high initial velocity tailings slurry enters the initial section of the spiral feed channel 21, cationic flocculant is immediately injected into the upper flocculant addition pipe 23 to rapidly aggregate particles and form impact-resistant micro-flocs through charge neutralization; the slurry continues to rotate and descend along the spiral channel, and its kinetic energy gradually decreases. When it flows to the outlet end, anionic polymeric flocculant is injected into the lower flocculant addition pipe 24 to encapsulate the micro-flocs through molecular chain bridging and encapsulation, increasing their size; finally, the slurry optimized by two stages of flocculation flows out at a uniform low speed to achieve stable sedimentation.

[0041] This embodiment addresses the technical problem of uneven underflow flocculation caused by the high initial velocity and large inertia of tailings slurry. It adopts a collaborative design of upper and lower two-stage flocculant addition pipes. The upper pipe uses a charge neutralizer in the high-speed inlet section to achieve instantaneous flocculation and resist flow impact, while the lower pipe uses a polymeric flocculant in the low-speed outlet section to consolidate the flocs and optimize settling performance. Combined with the kinetic energy attenuation path provided by the spiral feed ring 21, the spatial separation of the two-stage addition positions allows different functional flocculants to avoid areas of conflicting effectiveness. The limitations of single addition are compensated by a step-like chemical reaction adapted to the flow rate. At the same time, the spiral path continuously consumes inertial kinetic energy to reduce the flow rate. The multi-feature collaboration aims to significantly improve the uniformity of underflow concentration.

[0042] In some implementations, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 A water wheel 25 is installed directly below the outlet of the spiral feed ring channel 21, and the flocculant injection port of the lower flocculant addition pipe 24 is located below the water wheel 25. Specifically, the impeller 25 is an impeller 31 mechanism installed directly below the end of the spiral channel. When the tailings slurry falls from the spiral outlet in a parabolic trajectory, it directly impacts the blades of the impeller 25. This allows the impeller 25 to absorb the residual kinetic energy impact of the slurry after passing through the spiral path, thus ensuring the stability of the underflow. The linear impact force of the slurry is converted into the rotational mechanical energy of the impeller 25. The rotor resistance is used to consume the residual kinetic energy and prevent the slurry from impacting the liquid surface of the thickening chamber 10 at high speed, causing the flocs to break. At the same time, the lower flocculant addition pipe 24 has its flocculant injection port specifically set directly below the impeller 25. When the slurry passes through the impeller 25 and is decelerated, it flows to the injection port area and mixes with the injected flocculant. After the slurry completes the kinetic energy reduction, the final flocculation optimization is carried out immediately to enhance the flocculant diffusion efficiency by utilizing the low-speed wake zone formed behind the impeller 25 to promote the full entanglement of polymer chains around the flocs.

[0043] In this embodiment, the hydraulic impeller 25, the lower flocculant injection port, and the spiral feed channel 21 work together to achieve initial deceleration. The hydraulic impeller 25 at the outlet forcibly absorbs residual kinetic energy, and the addition port below the hydraulic impeller 25 performs final mixing of flocculants in the safe flow velocity zone. The physical resistance of the hydraulic impeller 25 significantly reduces the velocity at the end of the slurry. At the same time, the specific position design of the injection port ensures that the flocculation reaction occurs during the optimal flow window period. This significantly reduces the amount of polymeric flocculant used and, in conjunction with the spiral path, continuously extends the flow time, avoiding underflow quality fluctuations and improving the density stability.

[0044] In some implementations, refer to Figure 4 A guide plate 26 is provided at the slurry outlet end of the cylinder 20 to block the tailings slurry and slow down its flow velocity. Specifically, the guide plate 26 is a rigid blocking component, the purpose of which is to forcibly change the slurry flow direction to deeply consume residual inertial kinetic energy. The staged flocculant addition device 22 includes an upper flocculant addition pipe 23 and a lower flocculant addition pipe 24. The lower flocculant addition pipe 24 is arranged around the slurry outlet end of the outer wall of the cylinder 20, and a flocculant injection port is opened on the pipe body of the lower flocculant addition pipe 24. The guide plate 26 is located below the flocculant injection port closest to the slurry outlet. The guide plate 26 is located directly below the injection port. After the slurry rushes out, it hits the guide plate 26 and is slowed down. The low shear area formed on the surface of the guide plate 26 completes the final mixing with the injected flocculant to create a slow reaction environment with high diffusion efficiency, so that the polymer flocculant molecular chains can fully expand and the decelerated flocs are densified to the settling size through bridging.

[0045] In some implementations, refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The guide plate 26 is an inverted hollow cone structure with the apex facing upwards and the base facing downwards. Specifically, the guide plate 26, as a rigid flow interceptor, uses its inverted hollow cone configuration to forcefully change the flow direction of the slurry by facing the apex towards the slurry flow direction, thereby achieving a deep deceleration. This significantly consumes the vertical kinetic energy remaining after the slurry is decelerated by the spiral slurry inlet ring 21, preventing floc breakage. After the tailings slurry rushes out of the cylinder 20, it directly impacts the inclined upper cone surface of the guide plate 26. The cone's inclination angle decomposes the vertical impact force into normal pressure and tangential shear force. The normal pressure is absorbed by the rigid cone structure, while the tangential shear force guides the slurry flow to diffuse radially along the cone surface, thereby increasing the flow cross-sectional area and allowing the slurry to be delivered uniformly and in low quantities. The hollow design forms an annular flow channel, with the central cavity allowing the low-pressure slurry flow in the core area to penetrate directly. The outer cone surface deflects the high-speed slurry flow, avoiding the back pressure impact generated by the solid baffle from damaging the flocculation structure.

[0046] In some implementations, refer to Figure 6A steady-state thickening filling system also includes: a deep well delivery pipe 30, used to transport the thickened tailings slurry to the mine interior; specifically, the deep well delivery pipe 30 is a vertical or inclined pipe connecting the bottom outlet of the thickening chamber 10 to the mine filling area, the purpose of which is to maintain the integrity of the flocculated structure during long-distance transportation. After the tailings slurry enters the delivery pipe, it is accelerated downward by gravity, and in this process, the pipe is used to constrain the direction of slurry flow while naturally dissipating some kinetic energy through frictional resistance; multiple impellers 31 are provided in the deep well delivery pipe 30 to absorb the kinetic energy of the tailings slurry to limit its flow velocity. Multiple impellers 31 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the pipeline. For example, each impeller 31 is a three-bladed hydraulic turbine mechanism. When the slurry flows through the impeller 31, it drives the blades to rotate and converts the fluid kinetic energy into rotor mechanical energy. When the impeller 31 rotates, the slurry flow needs to overcome the blade torque to do work. The pressure difference resistance generated by the blade front surface continuously consumes the slurry kinetic energy to achieve the function of actively absorbing the excess kinetic energy of the slurry, thereby avoiding the flow velocity from exceeding the tolerance threshold of the flocculation structure.

[0047] In some implementations, refer to Figure 4 and Figure 6 A generator is connected to the impeller 31 to convert the kinetic energy absorbed by the impeller 31 into electrical energy. Specifically, the generator is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the specific model can be configured according to the power. It is directly connected to the shaft of the impeller 31 through a coupling. When the slurry impacts the impeller 31 and rotates, it drives the generator rotor to cut the stator magnetic field. The fluid kinetic energy is transmitted through three stages: blades, shaft, and generator rotor. Torque is converted into electromechanical energy through magnetic coupling. Based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, an induced electromotive force is generated in the armature winding to output alternating current. The fluid kinetic energy during the speed limiting process is converted into usable electricity, thereby realizing energy recovery during the slurry transportation process. The impeller 31-generator set recovers energy while controlling the speed to ensure the operation of the monitoring system. The recovered electrical energy is fed back to the metering pump of the graded flocculant addition device 22 to improve the system's energy efficiency.

[0048] In some implementations, refer to Figure 4 The cylinder 20 contains a water turbine 25 to absorb the kinetic energy of the tailings slurry. The shaft of the water turbine 25 is connected to a generator. Specifically, the water turbine 25 is a hydraulic turbine mechanism installed at the end of the spiral feed annular channel 21. It absorbs the excess kinetic energy of the tailings slurry at the outlet during its spiral descent. As the tailings slurry flows through the water turbine 25, it drives the blades to rotate, converting the absorbed kinetic energy into electrical energy to power the system itself, thereby achieving partial energy recovery of the initial kinetic energy of the tailings slurry.

[0049] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A steady-state dense filling system, characterized in that, include: Dense warehouse (10); The cylinder (20) is located in the feed path inside the thickening silo (10); A spiral slurry inlet channel (21) is provided on the inner wall of the cylinder (20) to form a continuously spiraling tailings slurry channel around the central axis of the cylinder (20), which is used to receive tailings slurry and guide it to flow along the spiral path to the bottom of the cylinder (20); A graded flocculant addition device (22) is installed on the outer wall of the cylinder (20) to add flocculant to tailings slurry at different positions in the spiral feed channel (21) multiple times.

2. The steady-state dense filling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral feed channel (21) rotates at least 2 revolutions around the central axis of the cylinder (20).

3. A steady-state dense filling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The graded flocculant adding device (22) is provided with flocculant adding ports at intervals on the upper part of the spiral feed ring (21), and the graded flocculant adding device (22) is provided with at least one flocculant adding port on each ring of the spiral feed ring (21). The types of flocculants added at the two flocculant addition ports located in different layers are different.

4. A steady-state dense filling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graded flocculant addition device (22) includes: The upper flocculant addition pipe (23) is arranged around the outer wall of the cylinder (20) and is set in accordance with the path of the spiral feed channel (21); The lower flocculant addition pipe (24) is arranged in a ring around the slurry outlet end of the outer wall of the cylinder (20); The upper flocculant addition pipe (23) and the lower flocculant addition pipe (24) are provided with flocculant injection ports for injecting flocculant into the cylinder (20), and the cylinder (20) is provided with a corresponding flocculant addition port.

5. A steady-state dense filling system according to claim 4, characterized in that, A water wheel (25) is provided directly below the outlet of the spiral feed ring channel (21), and the flocculant injection port of the lower flocculant addition pipe (24) is located below the water wheel (25).

6. A steady-state thickening filling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder (20) is provided with a guide plate (26) at the slurry outlet end to block the tailings slurry and slow down its flow speed; The graded flocculant addition device (22) includes an upper flocculant addition pipe (23) and a lower flocculant addition pipe (24). The lower flocculant addition pipe (24) is arranged around the slurry outlet end of the outer wall of the cylinder (20), and a flocculant injection port is opened on the pipe body of the lower flocculant addition pipe (24). The guide plate (26) is arranged below the flocculant injection port closest to the slurry outlet.

7. A steady-state thickening filling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The guide plate (26) includes an inverted hollow cone structure with the top of the cone facing upwards and the bottom of the cone facing downwards.

8. A steady-state dense filling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned steady-state dense filling system further includes: Deep well conveying pipe (30) is used to transport the thickened tailings slurry into the mine; Multiple impellers (31) are provided in the deep well delivery pipe (30) to absorb the kinetic energy of the tailings slurry and limit its flow rate.

9. A steady-state dense filling system according to claim 8, characterized in that, A generator is connected to the impeller (31) to convert the kinetic energy absorbed by the impeller (31) into electrical energy.

10. A steady-state dense filling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder (20) is equipped with a water turbine (25) to absorb the kinetic energy of the tailings slurry. The shaft of the water turbine (25) is connected to a generator.

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