Simulation device for dynamic influence of climate change on soil water and salt

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for simulating dynamic influence of climate change on soil water and salt, and relates to the technical field of dynamic simulation and monitoring of soil water and salt. The problem that in the prior art, research on the influence of climate change on soil water and salt dynamics depends on model prediction, and an experimental device capable of simulating the synergistic effect of factors such as temperature rise and rainfall lacks is solved. According to the technical scheme, the device comprises a soil column container, a temperature control system wrapping the outer wall of the soil column container, an artificial precipitation system arranged at the top of the container, a drainage monitoring module arranged at the bottom of the container, a sensor arranged in the container and a control and data acquisition system connected with all the parts. According to the invention, temperature control, rainfall, drainage and monitoring systems are highly integrated, temperature and rainfall can be cooperatively regulated to simulate a composite climate scene, and real-time, automatic and synchronous monitoring is carried out on related data of a soil profile.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil water and salt dynamics simulation and monitoring technology, specifically to a simulation device for the impact of climate change on soil water and salt dynamics. Background Technology

[0002] In irrigated areas of arid and semi-arid regions, rising temperatures and frequent extreme precipitation events caused by climate change have significantly impacted soil water and salt migration patterns, further exacerbating the risk of soil salinization. Currently, research and technical practices in this area face the following challenges: In terms of research methodology, there is a heavy reliance on model predictions and a lack of experimental data validation: current research on how climate change affects soil water and salt dynamics mostly relies on mathematical models for prediction and extrapolation, generally lacking basic data from physical simulation experiments for support and validation. In particular, experimental research on soil response mechanisms under different combinations of climatic factors such as warming and short-duration heavy precipitation is still insufficient.

[0003] Existing simulation devices are limited in function and cannot simulate complex scenarios: Most existing soil water and salt dynamic simulation devices in the market or laboratories focus on the independent effects of a single climate factor (such as considering only precipitation or only temperature), and generally lack the ability to coordinate and regulate multiple climate factors. Therefore, they are difficult to effectively simulate the combined effects of extreme climate scenarios such as "warming" and "heavy precipitation".

[0004] Insufficient monitoring methods and limited data acquisition accuracy and dimensionality: Many existing monitoring systems are relatively rudimentary, making it difficult to achieve multi-level, high-frequency real-time monitoring of soil profiles. Their monitoring methods are relatively simple and lack spatial dimension, making it impossible to accurately capture the dynamic migration process of water and salt in the vertical soil profile, or to reproduce, for example, the sudden migration process of salt under alternating "drought-rainstorm" conditions.

[0005] Low system integration and automation levels: Existing simulation devices generally suffer from weak control capabilities, poor spatial uniformity of precipitation or temperature distribution, and untimely data acquisition. Furthermore, the automation levels of data acquisition, transmission, and analysis processes are low, lacking systematic integrated design, making it difficult to simulate the complex interaction processes involving the surface, soil, and groundwater.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies have significant shortcomings in simulating complex climate change scenarios, accurately monitoring soil water and salt dynamics, and system integration. There is an urgent need for a new simulation device and method that can provide reliable experimental data. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simulation device for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt, in order to solve the problems that existing technology studies mostly rely on model predictions and lack experimental data support, and that existing simulation devices have shortcomings in simulating complex climate scenarios, monitoring precision, and system integration.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A simulation device for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt includes a temperature control system, an artificial precipitation system, a soil column container, a drainage monitoring module, and a control and data acquisition system. A temperature control system is installed around the outside of the soil column container; an artificial dewatering system is installed on the top of the soil column container; and a drainage monitoring module is installed at the bottom of the soil column container. Sensors are installed in the soil inside the soil column container; The temperature control system, artificial precipitation system, drainage monitoring module, and sensors are all electrically connected to the control and data acquisition system.

[0009] Furthermore, the temperature control system is a PID temperature control sleeve wrapped around the outer wall of the soil column container.

[0010] Artificial precipitation systems include water source devices, programmable rotary nozzles, flow meters, and enclosures; The water supply system includes a constant pressure water supply pump and an overflow storage tank; The constant pressure water supply pump is connected to the programmable rotary nozzle through the main pipeline, and the main pipeline is equipped with a frequency converter; a branch pipe is formed between the constant pressure water supply pump and the programmable rotary nozzle and is connected to the overflow water storage tank. The overflow water storage tank is equipped with an overflow port at the top and a return water pipe at the bottom. The enclosure has a double-opening horn structure. The upper opening of the enclosure surrounds the programmable rotating nozzle, and the lower opening is at the bottom of the soil column container. The programmable rotating nozzle is fixedly installed on the top of the soil column container, and the flow meter is installed on the main pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the drainage monitoring module includes a controllable drainage valve, a water storage tank, an electronic balance, a data acquisition module, and a drainage conductivity sensor; A controllable drainage valve is located at the bottom of the soil column container. The water storage tank is connected to the outlet of the controllable drainage valve. An electronic balance is located below the water storage tank and supports the water storage tank. The electronic balance is electrically connected to the data acquisition module. The drainage conductivity sensor is placed inside the water storage tank. Both the data acquisition module and the drainage conductivity sensor are electrically connected to the control and data acquisition system.

[0012] Furthermore, the sensors are vertically installed at depths of 0cm, 40cm, 60cm, and 80cm inside the soil column container.

[0013] Furthermore, the control and data acquisition system includes an Internet of Things (IoT) terminal and a wireless communication module. The IoT terminal and the wireless communication module are connected in communication. The IoT terminal realizes automatic data acquisition and cloud storage, as well as loading preset climate change scenarios. The wireless communication module realizes remote control of the simulation device.

[0014] A method for simulating the impact of climate change on soil water and salt dynamics includes the following steps: S1: Column loading, the pretreated soil is compacted in layers according to its natural bulk density and loaded into the soil column container; S2: Scenario setting: Through the control and data acquisition system, at least one composite climate simulation scenario including warming gradient and precipitation change gradient is set. S3: Simulation operation, start and run the temperature control system and artificial precipitation system, and simulate the scenario set in step S2; S4: Data Acquisition. During the simulation operation, data on soil moisture, salinity, temperature, and the weight of bottom leachate are collected through sensors and drainage monitoring modules.

[0015] Furthermore, the composite climate simulation scenarios set in S2 include simulations of extreme climate events such as a single day of heavy rainfall following a period of continuous drought.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes performing a CT scan on the soil column container before the S3 simulation runs, and performing a CT scan on the soil column container again after the S3 simulation runs.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention, through an integrated temperature control and precipitation system, can synergistically regulate the two key factors of temperature and precipitation, and can simulate the interactive effects of complex climate scenarios such as the superposition of warming and heavy precipitation on soil water and salt, overcoming the limitation of existing devices that can only simulate a single factor.

[0018] 2. By deploying sensors at multiple depths in the soil profile, this invention enables high-frequency, automated, real-time monitoring of multiple parameters such as water, salt, and temperature, accurately depicting the dynamic migration process of water and salt in the vertical direction, and effectively reproducing the response under extreme events.

[0019] 3. This invention integrates major functional modules with an Internet of Things (IoT) data acquisition system, enabling remote control, automatic data acquisition and analysis, improving experimental efficiency and data reliability, and providing a solid data foundation for parameter inversion and verification of relevant models. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a simulation device for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2This is a flowchart of a simulation method for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figures 1 to 2 The reference numerals in the attached figures represent: 1-temperature control system, 2-artificial precipitation system, 21-constant pressure water supply pump, 22-overflow water storage tank, 23-programmable rotary nozzle, 24-main pipeline, 3-soil column container, 4-drainage detection module, 5-data acquisition system, 6-drainage valve, 7-drainage pipe, 8-control button, 9-parameter display. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a simulation device for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt, including a temperature control system 1, an artificial precipitation system 2, a soil column container 3, a drainage monitoring module 4, a control and data acquisition system 5, and sensors deployed in the soil.

[0024] The soil column container 3 is a one-dimensional vertical cylindrical container made of high-transmittance plexiglass, facilitating observation of the internal soil profile. In this embodiment, its specific dimensions are a diameter of 40cm and a height of 100cm. Multiple sensor interfaces are pre-installed on the container wall for installing sensors at different depths.

[0025] The temperature control system 1 is a PID temperature control sleeve, which is a flexible heating jacket wrapped around the outer wall of the soil column container 3. This system can achieve a temperature control range of -10℃ to 50℃, with a control accuracy of ±0.5℃. Through linkage with the control and data acquisition system 5, it can achieve precise regulation of soil temperature, supporting multiple heating modes such as linear and stepped heating, to simulate the long-wave radiation regression effect of the Earth's surface under different temperature scenarios.

[0026] Artificial precipitation system 2 is installed on top of soil column container 3 to achieve precise control of precipitation intensity and total amount. Artificial precipitation system 2 includes a water source device, a programmable rotary nozzle 23, a flow meter, and a housing. The water source device, consisting of a constant pressure water supply pump 21 and an overflow storage tank 22, is the core of stable water supply. The constant pressure water supply pump 21 is connected to the programmable rotary nozzle 23 via a main pipeline 24. A frequency converter is installed on the main pipeline 24 to accurately simulate precipitation of different intensities (such as light rain and heavy rain) by adjusting the water supply pressure and flow rate. To further stabilize water pressure, a branch pipeline extends from the main pipeline 24 to the overflow storage tank 22. The overflow storage tank 22 has an overflow port at the top and a return water pipeline at the bottom, effectively buffering pressure fluctuations in the water supply system. A programmable rotary sprinkler head 23 (Rain Bird 1804 series is used in this embodiment) is fixed to the top of the soil column container 3. Its spraying range is constrained and guided by a double-opening horn-shaped cover to ensure that the rainfall evenly covers the entire soil surface. A flow meter is connected in series with the pipe connecting the sprinkler head to accurately measure the total rainfall.

[0027] The drainage monitoring module 4 is located at the bottom of the soil column container 3 and is used for automated, multi-parameter monitoring of leachate. This module includes a controllable drainage valve, a water storage tank, an electronic balance, an independent data acquisition module, and a drainage conductivity sensor. The bottom of the soil column container (3) is connected to an external water storage tank via a controllable drainage valve, which is placed on a high-precision electronic balance. The electronic balance is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and can automatically and in real time record the weight change of the water storage tank, and calculate the cumulative drainage volume and instantaneous drainage rate through a built-in algorithm. At the same time, a drainage conductivity sensor is placed directly inside the water storage tank to monitor the conductivity of the leachate in real time. Both the data acquisition module and the conductivity sensor are connected to the main control system (5) to achieve synchronous data transmission.

[0028] In this embodiment, the sensors are vertically deployed at depths of 0cm (surface layer), 40cm, 60cm and 80cm inside the soil to monitor soil moisture (θ), salinity (EC) and temperature (T) parameters in real time.

[0029] The data acquisition system 5 is a control cabinet integrating an IoT terminal, a wireless communication module, and a data storage module. This system is electrically connected to the temperature control system 1, the artificial precipitation system 2, the drainage monitoring module 4, and all sensors, enabling coordinated control of temperature and precipitation parameters to simulate complex climate scenarios (such as preset scenarios like SSP2-4.5 / SSP5-8.5). Simultaneously, it automatically collects and stores all monitoring data at one-hour intervals, and can remotely control the device and analyze historical data via the wireless communication module. Furthermore, the front of the data acquisition system 5 also features control buttons 8 and a parameter display 9.

[0030] As attached Figure 2 As shown, a simulation method for the impact of climate change on soil water and salt dynamics includes the following steps: S1: Column Loading. Soil samples are collected in stratified layers in a typical test area (e.g., at intervals of 0-20cm, 20-40cm, ..., 80-100cm). The collected soil samples are air-dried, impurities such as stones and plant roots are removed, and then sieved through a 2mm sieve. Basic physicochemical properties of the soil are determined, such as initial EC, bulk density, texture, soil moisture characteristic curve, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Finally, according to the bulk density and stratification of the undisturbed soil (e.g., 0-20cm as the topsoil layer, 20-50cm as the transition layer, and 50-100cm as the subsoil layer), the soil is compacted and loaded into soil column container 3, and sensors are installed at designated depths (0cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm).

[0031] S2: Scenario Setting. One or more composite climate simulation scenarios can be set via the user interface of the control and data acquisition system 5. For example, a combined scenario can be set that includes "warming +3℃" (T2) and "precipitation increase of 10%" (P2). Additionally, an extreme climate event scenario can be set, such as "a single-day heavy rainfall of 50mm (rainfall intensity 10mm / h) following 10 consecutive days of drought."

[0032] S3: Simulation Operation. Start the device, and the control and data acquisition system 5 automatically runs the temperature control system 1 and the artificial precipitation system 2 according to the scenario set in step S2. For example, the PID temperature control sleeve starts heating and maintains the soil column temperature 3°C higher than normal, while the artificial precipitation system performs periodic precipitation according to an increase of 10% in precipitation.

[0033] S4: Data Acquisition. Throughout the simulation, sensors deployed inside the soil and an electronic balance at the bottom automatically collect and upload water, salt, and temperature data of the soil profile, as well as the weight data of the bottom leachate, at a frequency of 1 hour.

[0034] At key time points in the simulation process, such as before and after a rainstorm event, the entire soil column container (3) can be CT scanned to obtain three-dimensional images of the soil's internal pore structure, which can be used to analyze the evolution of the pore structure and its correlation with the preferential water-salt flow path. All data collected in steps S4 and S5 are then used for comprehensive analysis using statistical and simulation models (such as HYDRUS). The vertical redistribution, accumulation, or leaching trends of soil salts under the set scenarios of temperature and precipitation changes are assessed. The interaction between the two is analyzed, and the experimental data are used for parameter calibration and validation of the water-salt transport model, providing data support for regional salinization risk assessment.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation device for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt, characterized in that, It includes a temperature control system (1), an artificial precipitation system (2), a soil column container (3), a drainage monitoring module (4), and a control and data acquisition system (5). A temperature control system (1) is installed around the outside of the soil column container (3); an artificial rainwater system (2) is installed on the top of the soil column container (3); and a drainage monitoring module (4) is installed at the bottom of the soil column container (3). Sensors are installed in the soil inside the soil column container (3); The temperature control system (1), the artificial precipitation system (2), the drainage monitoring module (4), and the sensor are all electrically connected to the control and data acquisition system (5).

2. The simulation device for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control system (1) is a PID temperature control sleeve wrapped around the outer wall of the soil column container (3).

3. The simulation device for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The artificial precipitation system (2) includes a water source device, a programmable rotary nozzle (23), a flow meter, and a cover; The water source device includes a constant pressure water supply pump (21) and an overflow water storage tank (22). The constant pressure water supply pump (21) is connected to the programmable rotary nozzle (23) through the main pipe (24), and the main pipe (24) is equipped with a frequency converter; the main pipe (24) branches off between the constant pressure water supply pump (21) and the programmable rotary nozzle (23) and connects to the overflow water storage tank (22), and the overflow water storage tank (22) is equipped with an overflow port at the top and a return water pipe at the bottom; The cover is a double-opening horn structure. The upper opening of the cover surrounds the programmable rotating nozzle, and the lower opening of the cover is at the bottom of the soil column container (3). The programmable rotating nozzle is fixedly installed on the top of the soil column container (3), and the flow meter is installed on the main pipeline (24).

4. The simulation device for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage monitoring module (4) includes a controllable drainage valve, a water storage tank, an electronic balance, a data acquisition module, and a drainage conductivity sensor. The controllable drainage valve is located at the bottom of the soil column container (3), the water storage tank is connected to the outlet of the controllable drainage valve, the electronic balance is located below the water storage tank and supports the water storage tank, the electronic balance is electrically connected to the data acquisition module, and the drainage conductivity sensor is placed inside the water storage tank. Both the data acquisition module and the drainage conductivity sensor are electrically connected to the control and data acquisition system (5).

5. The simulation device for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sensors are vertically installed at depths of 0cm, 40cm, 60cm and 80cm inside the soil column container (3).

6. The simulation device for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control and data acquisition system (5) includes an Internet of Things (IoT) terminal and a wireless communication module. The IoT terminal and the wireless communication module are connected in communication. The IoT terminal realizes automatic data acquisition and cloud storage, as well as loading preset climate change scenarios. The wireless communication module realizes remote control of the simulation device.

7. A method for simulating the dynamic effects of climate change on soil water and salt, based on the simulation apparatus for the dynamic effects of climate change on soil water and salt as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Loading the column, the pretreated soil is compacted in layers according to its natural bulk density and loaded into the soil column container (3); S2: Scenario setting: Through the control and data acquisition system (5), at least one composite climate simulation scenario including warming gradient and precipitation change gradient is set; S3: Simulation operation, start and run the temperature control system (1) and artificial precipitation system (2), and simulate according to the scenario set in step S2; S4: Data acquisition. During the simulation operation, the soil profile moisture, salinity, temperature data and bottom leachate weight data are collected through the sensors and drainage monitoring module (4).

8. The simulation method for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt according to claim 7, characterized in that, The composite climate simulation scenario set in S2 includes simulating an extreme climate event of heavy single-day precipitation following a period of continuous drought.

9. The simulation method for the dynamic impact of climate change on soil water and salt according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes performing a CT scan on the soil column container (3) before the S3 simulation runs and performing a CT scan on the soil column container (3) again after the S3 simulation runs.

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