Non-differential disc type equal-pole common-winding high-power-density motor and design method

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-differential disc type equal-pole common-winding high-power-density motor and a design method, and belongs to the technical field of design and manufacturing of motors and new energy automobiles. The invention discloses a split-disc type high-power density motor and a design method, a double-disc or multi-disc structure is adopted, direct current or alternating current or single-phase alternating current is subjected to physical space nominal phase splitting to complete continuous circumferential rotation or linear motion of the motor, and the specific implementation scheme can be directed at direct current brush motors, direct current brushless motors, direct current brushless motors, direct current brushless motors, direct current brushless motors, direct current brushless motors and direct current brushless motors. Due to the fact that a multi-disc complementary effect is achieved, the number of pole pairs of a rotor and a stator can be equal, the number density of interaction force points of the stator and the rotor in a unit space can be increased, the electromagnetic torque or magnetic resistance torque density can be increased, and square waves can be adopted to replace sine wave currents. The negative torque can be effectively eliminated by timely performing transient outage on the square wave commutation interlaced area, the motor power density can be greatly improved, and the technical scheme is also suitable for the field of generators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electric motor and new energy vehicle design and manufacturing technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, especially the pure electric vehicle industry, higher requirements are being placed on the high-speed performance and high power density of electric motors. As the motor speed increases, higher requirements are being placed on the performance of the motor and related components. More stringent requirements are being placed on the high-speed performance NVH of the motor rotor and high-speed bearings and gears, increasing costs. At the same time, issues such as safety and failure rate are also emerging. Dual rotor motors, especially counter-rotating dual rotor motors, are a technology that can increase the power density of motors many times over. However, counter-rotating dual rotor motors bring a technical challenge: the current input problem of at least one of the outer rotor or inner rotor is a technical difficulty. According to the existing technology, the current conduction basically needs to be carried out by friction contact of brushes and rings. Especially for high-power motors, the use of brushed solutions will greatly affect the motor life and safety. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the following prior applications:

[0004] 202211030428.1 Dual-rotor motor current dynamic and static physical ports

[0005] 202211098410.5 Design and manufacturing method of constant reluctance rotary transformer and core

[0006] 202211409893.6 Current-carrying dynamic and static port electrical conduction devices and design methods

[0007] 202211411199.8 High Power Density Dual-Disk Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and Design Method

[0008] 202211496278.3 Disc-type high power density motor and its design method

[0009] This invention discloses a "non-differential disc type equal pole common winding high power density motor and design method". It adopts a double-disc, triple-disc or multi-disc structure, and completes the continuous circular rotation or linear motion of the motor by splitting the DC, AC or single-phase AC current. This specific implementation can be implemented for DC brushed motors, DC brushless motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors and induction asynchronous motors. Due to the complementary effect of multiple disks, the number of rotor and stator pole pairs can be equal, which can increase the density of stator and rotor interaction force points per unit space, increase the density of electromagnetic torque or magnetic reluctance torque, and use square waves instead of sine wave current. By using timely transient power cut-off in the square wave commutation crossover area, negative torque can be effectively eliminated. The above comprehensive measures can greatly improve the power density of the motor.

[0010] This article focuses on the analysis using a switched reluctance motor as an example.

[0011] Since switched reluctance motors follow the principle of "minimum reluctance" and are independent of the direction of current, this split-disc design is more suitable. In the traditional single-disc switched reluctance configuration, the number of stator and rotor poles cannot be equal; they are usually different even values. This is to ensure that after the stator and rotor are installed coaxially, the stator and rotor poles exhibit a "differential effect," allowing rotational motion to be obtained by sequentially energizing or de-energizing the corresponding windings. Furthermore, each pair of windings must correspond to a different core pole; that is, in general, the number of core poles should be equivalent to the number of windings.

[0012] This patent application, due to its multi-disc complementary effect, allows for an equal number of rotor and stator poles and enables all windings on the same disk to control current switching according to a unified time phase sequence, which greatly simplifies its wiring and connection process and reduces control difficulty, especially when using the method described in the appendix. Figure 1 The scheme shown has only one winding on the same disc and does not have the end winding problem of traditional motors. Therefore, the electromagnetic wire achieves almost 100% effective power utilization, hence the name "equal pole common winding" configuration. Moreover, since the physical space of the winding and the magnetic poles is separated, the design subdivision and density of the number of magnetic poles in the iron core can be arbitrarily designed without being restricted by the winding. Under the premise of ensuring no magnetic leakage or magnetic circuit interference, the number of magnetic poles can be subdivided as much as possible, thereby greatly improving torque stability. This is especially true for large motors (air reluctance is very high, and the magnetic reluctance increases rapidly over a short distance in the air. This characteristic is almost unrelated to the size of the motor and seems to be an absolute value. Therefore, the larger the diameter of the motor, the easier it is to design magnetic poles with a high degree of subdivision and density without generating magnetic leakage or magnetic circuit interference that would produce negative torque. So the higher the power of the motor, the greater the advantage of this scheme). Its torque stability can even reach the same level as permanent magnet synchronous and induction asynchronous motors. As is well known, switched reluctance motors have many advantages. The rotor has no permanent magnets and is a pure iron core structure, so there is no need to worry about demagnetization due to heat or impact vibration. It is more capable of operating at high temperatures and ultra-high speeds. The air gap can be further reduced. Rare earth permanent magnets are expensive and are one of the important costs of permanent magnet motors. While improving electromechanical conversion efficiency and power density, it will significantly reduce costs. Its only drawback is large torque pulsation and relatively complex control. The technical solution disclosed in this patent application will perfectly solve these problems and make the process and control simpler.

[0013] Alternatively, to reduce iron losses, the number of magnetic poles on the same disk can be minimized. However, by setting up phase angle misalignment and orderly complementarity between multiple disks, a relatively stable torque output can also be obtained. This design principle can also be used in permanent magnet synchronous motors, which can obtain a very stable speed with fewer pole pairs, thereby reducing iron losses, improving efficiency, and greatly expanding the upper limit of motor speed.

[0014] Furthermore, based on Figure 1 and the relevant design schemes of prior applications, the prior application "202211030428.1" can be...

[0015] All the constant reluctance rotary transformer and core design and manufacturing methods described in "Dual rotor motor current dynamic and static physical ports, 202211098410.5 constant reluctance rotary transformer and core design and manufacturing method" are modified to design switched reluctance motors, especially to "non-differential disc type equal pole common winding high power density motor", as detailed below.

[0016] Alternatively, the above-described embodiments can also be used for: DC brushed motors, DC brushless motors, brushed switched reluctance motors, brushless switched reluctance motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, induction asynchronous motors, switched reluctance motors, etc.; or, the motors designed using all of the above methods and combinations can be radial flux motors or axial flux motors; or, they can be stator-based dual-rotor motors, such as dual-rotor motors with fixed windings on both inner and outer sides, or dual inner rotors, or dual outer rotors, or inner and outer rotors, or multi-rotor motors, such as: dual-rotor synchronous-asynchronous motors, squirrel-cage dual-rotor motors, counter-rotating dual-rotor motors, permanent magnet brushless dual-rotor motors, etc. The individual use or combined use of the above methods are all within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0017] The motor can function as either an electric motor or a generator; when used as a generator, it can significantly increase the power density of the generator.

[0018] The working mechanism of a reluctance motor is that once it enters the stator-rotor overlap region, it enters a constant reluctance state, so no negative torque phenomenon occurs. It can use a standard square wave, and the overlap between multiple disks is close to 100%, which greatly improves the power density.

[0019] Its current can be sinusoidal alternating current, square wave alternating current, direct current, pulsating direct current, square wave direct current, three-phase alternating current, or single-phase alternating current;

[0020] To obtain more stable torque, the alternating current or direct current with a more stable waveform can be modulated to better match torque stability, thereby making the electromagnetic torque or reluctance torque more stable.

[0021] The interaction force between the stator and rotor magnetic poles is related to the change in their rotation angle. When the stator and rotor poles rotate into the overlap region due to mutual attraction, their magnetic pull will partially enter the constant reluctance state (Explanation: constant reluctance state means that the change in position or relative motion between the two does not change the magnitude of the magnetic reluctance between them, and there is no change in magnetic potential energy, combined with the prior applications "202211030428.1 Current dynamic and static physical port of dual rotor motor; 202211098410.5 Constant reluctance rotary transformer and core design and manufacturing method"). However, as the stator and rotor poles rotate, the magnetic pole overlap changes, and the vector sum of their electromagnetic force or magnetic pull is changing, and the lever arm of the magnetic pull is also changing. Therefore, their torque will fluctuate. In order to further stabilize the torque, the input current or voltage waveform can be modulated to compensate for the changes in electromagnetic torque or magnetic reluctance torque caused by the rotation of the stator and rotor, so as to obtain a stable torque output.

[0022] In summary, adjusting the current variation characteristics according to specific circumstances can further stabilize the torque; however, this complicates the control process.

[0023] However, the multi-disc architecture can achieve torque stabilization without changing the control method. If a square wave is used, the overlap is large, and the torque peak vector sum under the split-disc architecture is the same as that without split-discs, but the torque pulsation is eliminated. This is equivalent to, for example, splitting into two discs, although the torque is halved, it is compensated back when the overlap is 100% and becomes more stable, with a significant reduction in vibration and noise. Its mechanism is similar to that of a multi-cylinder engine.

[0024] Load speed regulation scheme description:

[0025] The aforementioned motors can be speed-regulated by load (DC brushed / brushless motors, AC induction asynchronous motors, and switched reluctance motors and rotor phase closed-loop permanent magnet synchronous motors with position feedback control via detection devices can be speed-regulated by load, while open-loop controlled permanent magnet synchronous motors are not suitable). Therefore, a multi-speed transmission can be used to change the gear ratio, thereby changing the motor load to achieve load-based speed regulation. This eliminates the need for complex motor control systems such as frequency converters. To allow the motor to adapt to a wider load-based speed regulation range, the voltage can be changed. For example, a tap-type power supply scheme can be used for the battery, and different input voltages can be obtained by switching the battery taps. For example, different voltages such as 20V, 50V, 100V, 200V, 400V, 600V, and 800V can be provided to the motor, allowing for a wider load-based speed regulation range. This ensures that the motor operates in its most efficient range while meeting the needs of all road conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0027] Figures 1-2 Schematic diagram of a non-differential three-disc equal-pole common-winding switched reluctance motor. Figure 2 (Left view cross-section of any disk / phase)

[0028] Figures 3-7 Schematic diagram of the working principle of a non-differential three-disc equal-pole common-winding switched reluctance motor (including control part, for clarity). Figures 4-7 See the enlarged view in the attached diagram on page 3; where: Figures 5-7 This is a schematic diagram of a high-capacity, multi-point surface contact high-frequency switching commutator. Note: The difference between a commutator and a switching element is that the former changes the on / off state of the current switching of different phase disk windings and changes the direction of the current.

[0029] Figures 8-15 Rotor and stator core design diagram A

[0030] Figures 16-18 Rotor and stator core design diagram B

[0031] Figures 19-21 Rotor and stator core design diagram C

[0032] Figures 22-26 Schematic diagram of a non-differential four-disc equal-pole common-winding switched reluctance motor

[0033] Figure 27 Three-disc common-pole switched reluctance control waveform diagram

[0034] Figure 28 Four-disc common-pole switched reluctance control waveform diagram

[0035] Figure 29 3D exploded view of one disc of a non-differential three-disc equal-pole common-winding switched reluctance motor.

[0036] Figure 30 Schematic diagram of one disc structure of a claw-pole iron core switched reluctance motor.

[0037] in:

[0038] 1. Motor rotor shaft

[0039] 2. Divided stator connection base (can be motor housing)

[0040] 3. Stator core (magnetic poles) of disk A

[0041] 4. A-disk winding (can be round wire or flat wire)

[0042] 5. A-disc rotor core (magnetic poles)

[0043] 6. Magnetic shielding and resistive material (can transmit torque, connects the rotor core to the motor shaft to transmit torque; materials with low magnetic permeability can be used to block the magnetic circuit, such as aluminum, copper, and other non-metals, such as magnetic rings; or this magnetic shielding and resistive material can be removed, allowing the rotor core to be directly connected to the motor shaft)

[0044] 7. Stator core (magnetic poles) of disk B

[0045] 8. B-disc winding (can be round wire or flat wire)

[0046] 9. B-disc rotor core (magnetic poles)

[0047] 10. C drive stator core (magnetic poles)

[0048] 11. C-disk winding (can be round wire or flat wire)

[0049] 12. C-disc rotor core (magnetic poles)

[0050] 13. Axial Plane Commutator

[0051] 14. Axial plane brush disk

[0052] 15. Bearings

[0053] 16. Radial commutator brushes (to improve current carrying capacity, multiple brushes can be connected in parallel).

[0054] 17. Radial commutator

[0055] 18. Motor forward / reverse control controller (For a three-disc type, changing the connection order of any two power lines will reverse the motor direction; for a motor like...) Figure 16 The four-disc type requires changing the current phase sequence sequentially; for details, please refer to the previous patent.

[0056] 19. Thin sheets on both sides of the stator core (can be silicon steel sheets)

[0057] 20. Stator intermediate connecting core (can be silicon steel sheet)

[0058] 21. The rotor has a centrally connected iron core (which can be silicon steel sheets).

[0059] 22. Thin plates on both sides of the rotor core (can be silicon steel sheets)

[0060] Note: The stator and rotor cores on both sides primarily bear torque. The stator core is fixedly connected to the motor housing, while the rotor core is connected to the motor shaft via a magnetic shielding sleeve. There are multiple methods for the silicon steel sheet lamination scheme of the connecting core in the middle; please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 11-15 ;in: Figure 11 , Figure 13 The rotor and stator cores, respectively, are connected in parallel laminations. Figure 12, Figure 14 The rotor and stator cores, respectively, are connected in a radially radial lamination configuration. Figure 15 This indicates the use of differential needles or rods, and the interface shape can be a rectangle, circle, triangle, rhombus, parallelogram, or other polygons or variations thereof.

[0061] 23. Stator core outer reinforcing sleeve (fixed to the stator connecting base 2).

[0062] 24. Integral U-shaped stator core (rectangular or sector-shaped cross-section)

[0063] 25. Integral rectangular stator core (cross-section is sector-shaped or rectangular)

[0064] 26. Integral salient pole U-shaped rotor core (rectangular or sector-shaped cross-section)

[0065] 27. Integral concave U-shaped rotor core (cross-section is fan-shaped or rectangular)

[0066] 28. Rotor core reinforcing sleeve (fixed to the motor rotor shaft)

[0067] 29. Integral flux-enhanced salient-pole stator core (rectangular or sector-shaped cross-section)

[0068] 30. Integral flux-enhanced salient-pole U-shaped rotor core (rectangular or sector-shaped cross-section). The core extends from the inside to increase the magnetic flux area. For ease of electromagnetic wire winding, it can be made into a split-type assembly.

[0069] 31, 32, and 33 correspond to the commutator return line harnesses of windings A, B, and C, respectively.

[0070] 34, 35, and 36 are the axial commutator conductive sectors corresponding to the commutator return line harness electrical connections of the windings in disks A, B, and C, respectively.

[0071] 37. Axial brush disk conductive sectors: The square areas (the larger square areas corresponding to 37) all represent conductive areas and are all connected in parallel.

[0072] 38. Left-claw pole type iron core

[0073] 39. Right-claw pole type iron core

[0074] 40. Center winding (can be flat wire or round wire)

[0075] 41. Stator core Detailed Implementation

[0076] Based on prior applications, this document will not repeat the same content, but only describe the differences. Furthermore, for the sake of brevity, the commonly used institutional diagram symbols and part number identifications will not be repeated. The prior applications that this patent application references are listed below:

[0077] 202211030428.1 Dual-rotor motor current dynamic and static physical ports

[0078] 202211098410.5 Design and manufacturing method of constant reluctance rotary transformer and core

[0079] 202211171048.X Variable speed differential vector torque high power density motor and transmission assembly

[0080] 202111681072.3 A high power density motor

[0081] 202211409893.6 Current-carrying dynamic and static port electrical conduction devices and design methods

[0082] 202211411199.8 High Power Density Dual-Disk Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and Design Method

[0083] 202211496278.3 Disc-type high power density motor and its design method

[0084] 202211503563.3 Non-differential disc-type high power density motor and its design method

[0085] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic of a non-differential three-disc equal-pole common-winding switched reluctance motor. Figure 2 (Left view sectional view)

[0086] Note: For clarity in the drawings, the stator and rotor air gaps shown in the attached diagrams are quite large. In actual applications, the air gaps are very small, generally between 0.2 and 0.5 mm. Alternatively, it could be an outer core rotor with an inner winding stator, or an outer winding stator with an inner core rotor.

[0087] Figures 3-7 Schematic diagram of the working principle of a non-differential three-disc equal-pole common-winding switched reluctance motor (including control part; enlarged view shown on page 5 of the attached diagram).

[0088] like Figures 1-7 The diagram shows a three-disc architecture assembly and its components of a non-differential disk type equal pole common winding, consisting of three disk windings (A, B, and C) and corresponding stator and rotor cores. This case study uses the switched reluctance type as an example to analyze its working principle, but it can also be used in permanent magnet synchronous and other models.

[0089] Mainly includes:

[0090] 1. Motor rotor shaft

[0091] 2. Divided stator connection base (can be motor housing)

[0092] 3. Stator core (magnetic poles) of disk A

[0093] 4. A-disk winding (can be round wire or flat wire)

[0094] 5. A-disc rotor core (magnetic poles)

[0095] 6. Magnetic shielding and resistive material (can transmit torque, connects the rotor core to the motor shaft to transmit torque; materials with low magnetic permeability can be used to block the magnetic circuit, such as aluminum, copper, and other non-metals, such as magnetic rings; or this magnetic shielding and resistive material can be removed, allowing the rotor core to be directly connected to the motor shaft)

[0096] 7. Stator core (magnetic poles) of disk B

[0097] 8. B-disc winding (can be round wire or flat wire)

[0098] 9. B-disc rotor core (magnetic poles)

[0099] 10. C drive stator core (magnetic poles)

[0100] 11. C-disk winding (can be round wire or flat wire)

[0101] 12. C-disc rotor core (magnetic poles)

[0102] 13-axis planar commutator

[0103] 14. Axial plane brush disk

[0104] 15. Bearings

[0105] 16. Radial commutator brushes (to improve current carrying capacity, multiple brushes can be connected in parallel).

[0106] 17. Radial commutator

[0107] 18. Motor forward / reverse control controller (For a three-disc type, changing the connection order of any two power lines will reverse the motor direction; for a motor like...) Figure 16 The four-disc type requires changing the current phase sequence sequentially; for details, please refer to the previous patent.

[0108] Appendix Figure 3-7In the markings, 13 and 14; 16 and 17 (13 and 14 are paired; 16 and 17 are paired, representing two types respectively) correspond to the current switching commutator and brush plate assembly, abbreviated as: commutator. The commutator assembly includes the commutator part and the brush part. Note: it is commutation, not reversal. Commutation refers to the switching of current on and off for different winding sections; however, for the same winding, it is only a switching quantity and does not require changing the current direction. Therefore, only one pole of the circuit needs to be connected to the commutator, and the other three disks can be on the same line; see also Figures 3-7 ;in: Figure 4 , Figure 5 These represent two commutator structures; in practical applications, either one can be selected. Figure 4 The conductive surfaces are distributed on the radial circumferential surface. To increase the conductive contact surface, two or more brushes can be connected in parallel and installed according to the phase angle to ensure that the brushes are connected to the windings of the same disk area at the same time. Figure 5 The conductive surfaces are distributed on the axial circumferential surface to increase the conductive contact area. Figure 5 The brush plate corresponding to the commutator is as follows Figure 6 As shown, the squares (referring to the larger central square) in area 37 all represent conductive areas and are connected in parallel. Clearly, this scheme can significantly increase the conductive contact area. Note: To ensure torque continuity, the conductive areas of the brush and the adjacent two-phase windings have overlapping areas; the principle can be found in the previous patent, "Disc-type High Power Density Motor and Design Method"; for a detailed overlap diagram, please refer to page 3 of the attached figures. Figure 7 and Figure 7 The enlarged view on the left clearly shows that the 37° angle of the conductive sector of the axial brush disk is greater than the angle of the insulation area of ​​the axial commutator. This allows the conductive sector of the axial brush disk to simultaneously contact and conduct electricity with adjacent sectors of the conductive sector of the axial commutator, which is electrically connected to the commutator return line harness of the A, B, and C disk windings. In other words, there is a cross-overlapping area. This design ensures that the windings of different disks have an overlapping energizing time, thereby ensuring continuous power output and obtaining continuous torque output with seamless cross-connection.

[0109] Appendix Figure 3 In the circuit, the side connected to the positive terminal of the power supply is the common pole of all windings in the disk area. The current dynamic and static connection port here can be connected by electric rings and brushes to introduce the power supply current. The other side needs to use a commutator and corresponding brush disk to realize the dynamic and static port current connection. At the same time, the commutator relies on its rotational movement to perform timely synchronous phase commutation. Note: The motor will usually stop when changing the direction of rotation. The commutation switch can be turned after the motor stops to change the direction of rotation.

[0110] In summary:

[0111] Due to the complementary effect of multiple disks, the rotor and stator pole numbers can be equal, and all windings on the same disk can be controlled to switch current according to a unified time phase sequence, which greatly simplifies the wiring and connection process and reduces the control difficulty, especially when using the method shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 The scheme shown has only one winding on the same disc and does not have the end winding problem of traditional motors. Therefore, the electromagnetic wire achieves almost 100% effective power utilization, hence the name "equal pole common winding" configuration. Moreover, since the physical space of the winding and the magnetic poles is separated, the design subdivision and density of the number of magnetic poles in the iron core can be arbitrarily designed and is no longer restricted by the winding. Under the premise of ensuring no magnetic leakage or magnetic circuit interference, the number of magnetic poles can be subdivided as much as possible, thereby greatly improving torque stability. Specifically for large motors, its torque stability can even reach the same level as permanent magnet synchronous and induction asynchronous motors. As is well known, switched reluctance motors have many advantages. The rotor has no permanent magnets and is a pure iron core structure, so there is no need to worry about demagnetization due to heat or impact vibration. It is more capable of operating at high temperatures and ultra-high speeds. The air gap can be further reduced. Rare earth permanent magnets are expensive and are one of the important costs of permanent magnet motors. While improving electromechanical conversion efficiency and power density, it will significantly reduce costs. Its only drawback is large torque pulsation and relatively complex control. The technical solution disclosed in this patent application will perfectly solve these problems and make the process and control simpler.

[0112] Figures 8-15 Rotor and stator core design diagram A

[0113] Figures 16-18 Rotor and stator core design diagram B

[0114] Figures 19-21 Rotor and stator core design diagram C

[0115] in:

[0116] 19. Thin sheets on both sides of the stator core (can be silicon steel sheets)

[0117] 20. Stator intermediate connecting core (can be silicon steel sheet)

[0118] 21. The rotor has a centrally connected iron core (which can be silicon steel sheets).

[0119] 22. Thin plates on both sides of the rotor core (can be silicon steel sheets)

[0120] Note: The iron cores on both sides of the stator and rotor not only conduct magnetic fields but also participate in bearing torque. The stator iron core is fixedly connected to the motor housing base, and the rotor iron core can be connected to the motor shaft through a magnetic shielding sleeve. There are various schemes for the silicon steel sheet lamination of the connecting iron core in the middle; please refer to [reference needed]. Figures 11-15 ;in: Figure 11 , Figure 13 The rotor and stator cores, respectively, are connected in parallel laminations. Figure 12 , Figure 14 The rotor and stator cores, respectively, are connected in a radially radial lamination configuration. Figure 15 This indicates the use of differential needle-shaped or rod-shaped components, whose cross-sectional shape can be rectangular, circular, triangular, rhomboid, parallelogram, equal polygon, or variant polygon.

[0121] Figures 22-26 Schematic diagram of a non-differential four-disc equal-pole common-winding switched reluctance motor, which adopts an axial four-disc layout structure, and... Figure 1 Compared to the three-disc type, the addition of one disc can further improve torque stability and electromechanical conversion efficiency. Figure 23 , 24 25 and 26 represent the phase relationship between each rotor disc and the stator at a certain moment. It is evident that its magnetic reluctance pull is more efficient and the torque is very stable. Similarly, the winding magnetic poles between each disc can be aligned axially, while the corresponding stator cores can be misaligned as shown in the figure, to achieve the same functional effect.

[0122] The biggest advantage of this common winding scheme is that it can further subdivide the iron core poles, no longer being limited by the inability to subdivide the winding to the extreme and by factors such as leakage interference caused by the iron core being too wide. This prevents the number of poles of the switched reluctance motor from being set very fine and dense, resulting in large torque pulsation. Therefore, the common winding scheme is more significant for switched reluctance motors.

[0123] Figure 27 : Control waveform diagram of a three-disc common-winding switched reluctance motor

[0124] Figure 28 : Control waveform diagram of a four-disc equal-pole common-winding switched reluctance motor

[0125] Figure 29 This is a 3D exploded view of one of the discs in a non-differential three-disc equal-pole common-winding switched reluctance motor. To prevent negative torque from being generated due to a short circuit in the reverse magnetic circuit (opposite to the positive torque), it is essential to ensure a significant positive-to-reverse magnetic pole air gap difference when the rotor and stator magnetic poles pass the neutral position. (Refer to...) Figures 23-26 .

[0126] Figure 30 A schematic diagram of one of the disk structures of a switch reluctance motor with a claw-pole core structure. Since the magnetic pull torque of a switch reluctance motor is independent of the direction of current and magnetic field polarity, a claw-pole core structure can also be adopted. However, it should be noted that after the two claw poles are engaged, the air gap between them should be much larger than the air gap between the stator and rotor cores to ensure that a short circuit in the magnetic circuit is not caused.

[0127] Alternatively, a multi-phase split-disc structure with three, four, or more discs, as described above, can be used to achieve torque relay complementarity and obtain continuous and stable torque output.

[0128] The above description is basically an external rotor configuration, but an internal rotor configuration is also possible. For details, please refer to the prior application "High Power Density Dual-Disc Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and Design Method", which involves fixing the commutator brushes relative to the outer ring stator and setting another brush ring device between the outer ring stator and the motor housing base. The brush ring is electrically connected to the original commutator brushes, and the newly added brush is connected to an external power supply to introduce the external power supply current to the commutator brushes through the newly added brush ring. With this functional circuit, the original rotor with windings can be fixed, while the original stator core rotates as the rotor to output torque. Alternatively, a reversing mechanism can be connected between the rotor and stator to allow the stator and rotor to rotate relative to each other, realizing a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor configuration, which achieves a 2-fold increase in power density without increasing the absolute speed.

[0129] Note: In this series of patent applications, to more intuitively and concisely describe the working principle of the motor, a brushed motor is generally used as an example. The working principle is explained using the intuitive physical structure of the commutator. In practical applications, brushless motor control technology can be used to replace the commutator; or a permanent magnet synchronous motor control method can be used, such as: collecting rotor information based on position detection sensors like Hall sensors, and realizing real-time current commutation and switching functions through IGBTs and SiC / GaN power semiconductor switching components. Of course, for ordinary applications, a commutator structure can also be used, eliminating the need for a controller and reducing costs.

[0130] Alternatively, the spatial arrangement of the stator and rotor can be interchanged, and it can be an outer rotor or an inner rotor; or an axial flux arrangement, or a counter-rotating dual rotor motor. For specific examples, please refer to the relevant prior applications.

[0131] Regarding the specific structure of the subdivided magnetic poles, you can refer to the prior applications "202211030428.1 Current dynamic and static physical ports of dual rotor motors and 202211098410.5 Design and manufacturing method of constant reluctance rotary transformer and core". The core of the constant reluctance rotary transformer can be designed as subdivided magnetic poles to achieve product diversification and functional pluralism.

[0132] Note: All types of the previously applied constant reluctance transformers can be modified into switched reluctance motors, with each coil winding being a disc, and continuous rotation achieved by differential complementarity of the discs.

[0133] Axial flux motors, taking switched reluctance motors as an example, if the magnets on both sides are arranged in an asymmetrical manner with unbalanced axial force, the axial force will be different when the reluctance changes. However, as long as it can be kept as a unidirectional axial force, there will only be changes in the axial stress of the bearing, but there will be no back-and-forth vibration.

[0134] The above solutions can all be commutator type, brushless type, external rotor type, bidirectional flux type, and counter-rotating dual rotor type (with a reversing mechanism added). For relevant information, please refer to the prior application.

[0135] This application uses a reluctance motor as an example to illustrate its working principle, but this principle is also applicable to other types of motors. Innovative improvement schemes for other types of motors using this principle are all within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0136] This dual-disc motor principle also applies to axial flux motors; counter-rotating dual-rotor motors; and internal and external dual flux types.

[0137] Axial flux motors can refer to the relevant solutions in the prior application, namely: arranging two or more relatively independent axial flux windings and permanent magnets (or non-permanent magnet current excitation windings) according to the corresponding phase difference angles, and controlling them according to the complementary waveform relationship, can achieve the same effect. Since the axial force of the axial flux motor is very large, it is basically used in the form of double disks or multiple disks to balance the axial force. Moreover, the axial flux motor has the characteristic of short axial dimension. Therefore, it is more advantageous to use the double disk or multiple disk scheme described in this patent application to design a compact high power density motor.

[0138] It can be a single-rotor or dual-rotor motor, as well as a dual-rotor motor with magnetic flux on both sides and a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor.

[0139] Its electromagnetic wires can be round or flat; the current waveform can be: square wave, square wave + composite wave, or sine wave;

[0140] Regarding the method of introducing rotor winding current from the outside for dual-rotor motors, please refer to the prior applications (202211030428.1 Dual-rotor motor current dynamic and static physical ports, 202211098410.5 Constant reluctance rotary transformer and core design and manufacturing method) and the related solutions below.

[0141] The above solution can also be used for conventional single-rotor motors, such as replacing existing brushless or brushed solutions.

[0142] Note: The above solution applies to all types of electric motors and generators, including asynchronous motors, synchronous motors, brushless motors, brushed motors, induction motors, permanent magnet motors, switched reluctance motors, etc.

[0143] The three-phase wires mentioned above can be the input / output harness terminals of a three-phase motor, a three-phase induction asynchronous motor, a brushless DC motor, or a permanent magnet synchronous motor.

[0144] Alternatively, the dynamic and static port connection method described in this article can also be a sliding brush method, or a sliding carbon brush solution that is easy to replace.

[0145] Note: The terms used for the dynamic and static physical ports in this article are relative and interchangeable in practice. The terms for inner and outer rotors are relative and have interactive mechanical properties, and they can be used interchangeably as inner and outer rotors.

[0146] For the sake of simplicity, the diagram has few lines and is not drawn according to standard engineering drawings. It is only used to illustrate the principle. The content can be accurately identified by referring to the accompanying diagrams in context.

[0147] Note:

[0148] The part numbering in the attached drawings uses the same numbering for common parts in different drawings, while different numbering is used for related equivalent functional parts in specific drawings. This is entirely to help the instruction manual to more clearly and accurately describe their working principles.

[0149] All design ideas, structures, methods, and theories presented in this document can be used to guide design. The technical content disclosed in its design theories, methods, implementation models, structures, schematic diagrams, structural diagrams, simplified diagrams, mechanism diagrams, and specific embodiments can be used to design and manufacture various types of engine devices. The implementation mechanisms listed in this patent are typical examples; not all specific facility schemes and mechanism types are listed here. Any cross-reorganization, mutual reference, combination, or arrangement of design theories, ideas, methods, models, mechanisms, or components disclosed in this document, as well as various application examples of this technical category, fall within the scope of this intellectual property protection. Any unauthorized use of these principles in design or application constitutes infringement. For example, the relevant design theories and methods are applicable to traditional electric motors, generators, and other similar power sources.

[0150] The purpose of the accompanying drawings in this patent is solely to concisely illustrate the concept and principle of the patent's facilities. The aim is to clearly represent the patent's disclosed content with a minimal number of drawings, explicitly expressing key structural elements. A "combination of detailed and concise" approach is adopted, using a combination of simplified and detailed diagrams. Furthermore, to reduce the number of drawings, similar structures are not shown in other directional views, sectional views, or enlarged details. Standard parts, general-purpose parts, and components without specific meaning or dedicated function are given uniform names and part numbers across different drawings for greater clarity. Please refer to the drawings for cross-referencing.

Claims

1. A non-differential disc-type equal-pole common-winding high-power-density motor and its design method, including motor windings, permanent magnets, and housing, characterized by: By employing a dual-disc, triple-disc, or multi-disc structure, DC, three-phase AC, single-phase AC, sinusoidal AC, or square-wave AC are split into two phases to achieve continuous circular rotation or linear motion of the motor. This specific implementation scheme can be used for DC brushed motors, DC brushless motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, induction asynchronous motors, and switched reluctance motors. Due to the complementary effect of multiple disks, the number of rotor and stator pole pairs can be equal, which can increase the density of stator-rotor interaction force points per unit space, increase the density of electromagnetic torque or reluctance torque, and use square waves instead of sinusoidal current. By using timely transient power disconnection in the square wave commutation and crossing region, negative torque can be effectively eliminated, and the power density of the motor can be significantly improved. This technical solution is also applicable to generators. Because switched reluctance motors follow the principle of "minimum reluctance," which is independent of the current direction, this multi-disc design is more suitable. In traditional single-disc switched reluctance motors, the number of stator and rotor poles cannot be equal; they are typically different even values. This allows the stator and rotor to exhibit a "differential effect" after coaxial mounting, enabling rotational motion by sequentially energizing or de-energizing the corresponding windings. Furthermore, each pair of windings must correspond to a different core pole. However, this patent application, with its multi-disc complementary effect, allows for equal numbers of rotor and stator poles and allows all windings on the same disc to control current flow according to a unified phase sequence, greatly simplifying wiring. The wiring process and control difficulty are reduced. There is only one winding on the same disc, and there is no end winding problem of traditional motors. Therefore, the electromagnetic wire achieves almost 100% effective power utilization, hence the name "equal pole common winding" configuration. Moreover, since the physical space of the winding and magnetic pole is separated, the design subdivision and density of the number of iron core magnetic poles can be arbitrarily designed, no longer restricted by the winding. Under the premise of ensuring no magnetic leakage or magnetic circuit interference, the number of magnetic poles can be subdivided as much as possible, thereby greatly improving torque stability. Specifically for large motors, its torque stability can even reach the same level as permanent magnet synchronous and induction asynchronous motors, and make the process and control simpler. Alternatively, to reduce iron losses, the number of magnetic poles on the same disk can be minimized. However, by setting up phase angle misalignment and orderly complementarity between multiple disks, a relatively stable torque output can also be obtained. This design principle can also be used in permanent magnet synchronous motors, which can obtain a very stable speed with fewer pole pairs, thereby reducing iron losses, improving efficiency, and greatly expanding the upper limit of motor speed.

2. The non-differential disc-type equal-pole common-winding high-power-density motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working mechanism of a reluctance motor is that once it enters the stator-rotor overlap region, it enters a constant reluctance state, so no negative torque phenomenon occurs. It can use a standard square wave, and the overlap between multiple disks is close to 100%, which greatly improves the power density. Its current can be sinusoidal alternating current, square wave alternating current, direct current, pulsating direct current, square wave direct current, three-phase alternating current, or single-phase alternating current; To obtain more stable torque, the alternating current or direct current with a more stable waveform can be modulated to better match torque stability, thereby making the electromagnetic torque or reluctance torque more stable. The interaction force between the stator and rotor magnetic poles is related to the change of their rotation angle. When the stator and rotor poles rotate into the overlap region due to mutual attraction, their magnetic pull will partially enter the constant reluctance state. However, as the stator and rotor poles rotate, the magnetic pole overlap changes, and the sum of their electromagnetic force or magnetic pull vector is changing. The lever arm of the magnetic pull is also changing, so their torque will fluctuate. In order to further stabilize the torque, the input current or voltage waveform can be modulated to compensate for the changes in electromagnetic torque or magnetic reluctance torque caused by the rotation of the stator and rotor, thereby obtaining a stable torque output. Alternatively, a multi-disc architecture can achieve torque stabilization without changing the control method. If a square wave is used, the overlap is large, and the torque peak vector sum under the split-disc architecture is the same as that without split-discs, but the torque pulsation is eliminated. This is equivalent to, for example, splitting the torque into two discs, although the torque is halved, it is compensated back when the overlap is 100% and becomes more stable, with a significant reduction in vibration and noise. Its mechanism is similar to that of a multi-cylinder engine.

3. The non-differential disc-type equal-pole common-winding high-power-density motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Speed ​​regulation can be achieved by load (DC brushed and brushless motors, AC induction asynchronous motors, and switching reluctance motors and rotor phase closed-loop permanent magnet synchronous motors with position feedback control via detection devices can all be speed regulated by load, while open-loop control permanent magnet synchronous motors are not suitable). Therefore, a multi-speed transmission can be used to change the gear ratio by shifting gears, thereby changing the motor load to achieve load speed regulation. This eliminates the need for complex motor control systems such as frequency converters. To make the motor's adaptive load speed regulation range wider, the voltage can be changed. For example, a tap-type power supply scheme can be used for the battery. By switching the battery taps, different input voltages can be obtained. For example, different voltages such as 20V, 50V, 100V, 200V, 400V, 600V, and 800V can be provided to the motor, allowing for a wider load speed regulation range. This ensures that the motor operates in its most efficient range while meeting the needs of all road conditions.

4. The non-differential disc-type equal-pole common-winding high-power-density motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Non-differential disc type equal pole common winding high power density motor can be a switched reluctance motor or a permanent magnet synchronous or asynchronous model, and can include three-disc, four-disc, or multi-disc types; or it can be an outer iron core rotor and an inner winding stator, or an outer winding stator and an inner iron core rotor.

5. The non-differential disc-type equal-pole common-winding high-power-density motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-differential disk type equal-pole common winding three-disc structure assembly consists of three disk windings (A, B, and C) and corresponding stator and rotor cores; it mainly includes:

1. Motor rotor shaft; 2. Disk stator connecting base; 3. A disk stator core (magnetic pole); 4. A disk winding (can be round or flat wire); 5. A disk rotor core (magnetic pole); 6. Magnetic isolation and resistance material (can transmit torque, connecting the rotor core to the motor shaft to transmit torque; materials with low magnetic permeability, such as aluminum and copper, can be used to block the magnetic circuit). Materials, non-metals, etc., magnetic blocking ring; or this magnetic blocking material can be removed, allowing the rotor core to be directly connected to the motor shaft), B disk stator core (magnetic poles) 7, B disk winding (can be round wire or flat wire) 8, B disk rotor core (magnetic poles) 9, C disk stator core (magnetic poles) 10, C disk winding (can be round wire or flat wire) 11, C disk rotor core (magnetic poles) 12, axial plane commutator 13, axial plane brush disk 14, bearing 15, radial commutator brush 16. (To improve current carrying capacity, multiple brushes can be connected in parallel); Radial commutator 17; The commutator assembly includes the commutator part and the brush part. Note: It is commutation, not reversal. Commutation is for different disk windings, that is, changing the switching of current on and off for different disk windings; but for the same winding, it is only a switching quantity, and there is no need to change the current direction. Therefore, it is only necessary to connect one pole of the circuit to the commutator, and the other three disks can be collinear; or, it can include two commutator structures, which can be: the conductive surface is distributed on the radial circumferential surface. In order to increase the conductive contact surface, two or more brushes can be connected in parallel and installed according to the phase angle to ensure that the brushes are connected to the same disk winding at the same time; or, the conductive surface is distributed on the axial circumferential surface. In order to increase the conductive contact surface, the commutator plane forms a large area of ​​surface contact with the brush disk plane. This scheme can greatly increase the conductive contact area; Alternatively, for continuous torque, the conductive areas of the brush and the adjacent two phase windings have overlapping areas; the included angle of the conductive sector of the axial brush disk is greater than the included angle of the insulation area of ​​the axial commutator, so that the conductive sector of the axial brush disk can simultaneously contact and conduct with the adjacent sectors of the conductive sector of the axial commutator that are electrically connected to the commutator return line harness of the A, B, and C disk windings. That is, there is an overlapping area, which can ensure that the windings of different disks have overlapping energization time, thereby ensuring continuous power flow output and obtaining continuous torque output with seamless cross-connection; It may also include: a motor forward and reverse controller. For a three-disc type, the motor can be reversed by changing the connection order of any two power lines. For a four-disc type, the current phase sequence needs to be changed sequentially. For details, please refer to the prior application. Due to the complementary effect of multiple disks, the rotor and stator pole numbers can be equal, and all windings on the same disk can control the current switching according to a unified time phase sequence. This greatly simplifies the wiring and connection process and reduces control difficulty. In particular, with the scheme shown in Figure 1, there is only one winding on the same disk, and there is no end winding problem of traditional motors. Therefore, the electromagnetic wire achieves almost 100% effective power utilization, hence the name "equal pole common winding" configuration. Moreover, since the physical space of the windings and magnetic poles is separated, the design subdivision and density of the number of iron core magnetic poles can be arbitrarily designed, no longer constrained by the windings. Under the premise of ensuring no magnetic leakage or magnetic circuit interference, the number of magnetic poles can be subdivided as much as possible, thereby resulting in greater torque stability. Significant improvements are made, especially for large motors, where torque stability can even reach the same level as permanent magnet synchronous and induction asynchronous motors. As is well known, switched reluctance motors have many advantages. The rotor has no permanent magnets and is a pure iron core structure, eliminating concerns about demagnetization due to heat or impact vibration. They are better suited for high-temperature and ultra-high-speed operation, and the air gap can be further reduced. Rare earth permanent magnets are expensive and are one of the major costs of permanent magnet motors. Improving electromechanical conversion efficiency and power density will significantly reduce costs. The only drawback is large torque pulsation and relatively complex control. The technical solution disclosed in this patent application will perfectly solve these problems and simplify the manufacturing process and control.

6. The non-differential disc-type equal-pole common-winding high-power-density motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor and stator core design, as shown in Figures 8-15, may include: thin plates (which can be silicon steel sheets) on both sides of the stator core 19, a central connecting core (which can be silicon steel sheet) 20, a central connecting core (which can be silicon steel sheet) of the rotor 21, and thin plates (which can be silicon steel sheets) on both sides of the rotor core 22. Besides conducting the magnetic field, the stator and rotor cores on both sides also participate in bearing torque. The stator core is fixedly connected to the motor housing base, and the rotor core can be connected to the motor shaft via a magnetic shielding sleeve; alternatively, this magnetic shielding material can be removed. The material allows the rotor core to be directly connected to the motor shaft; there are various silicon steel sheet stacking schemes for the intermediate connecting core, as shown in Figures 11-15; among them: Figures 11 and 13 represent the rotor and stator intermediate connecting cores using parallel lamination; Figures 12 and 14 represent the rotor and stator intermediate connecting cores using radial lamination; Figure 15 represents the use of differential needle-shaped or rod-shaped materials, whose cross-sectional shape can be rectangular, circular, triangular, rhomboid, parallelogram, equal polygon or variant polygon.

7. The non-differential disc-type equal-pole common-winding high-power-density motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the design schemes of this application and prior applications, all the constant reluctance rotary transformer and core design and manufacturing methods described in the prior applications "202211030428.1 Current dynamic and static physical ports of dual rotor motors and 202211098410.5 Design and manufacturing method of constant reluctance rotary transformer and core" can be modified into switched reluctance motors, especially into "non-differential disc type equal pole common winding high power density motor".

8. The non-differential disc-type equal-pole common winding high power density motor and design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The above implementation scheme can also be used for: DC brushed motors, DC brushless motors, brushed switched reluctance motors, brushless switched reluctance motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors, induction asynchronous motors, switched reluctance motors, etc.; or, the motors designed in all the above methods and combinations can be radial flux motors or axial flux motors; or, they can be stator-based dual-rotor motors, such as dual-rotor motors with fixed windings on both inner and outer sides, or dual inner rotors, or dual outer rotors, or inner and outer rotors, or multi-rotor motor types, such as: dual-rotor synchronous-asynchronous motors, squirrel-cage dual-rotor motors, counter-rotating dual-rotor motors, permanent magnet brushless dual-rotor motors; or The commutator brushes are fixed relative to the outer ring stator, and an additional brush ring device is installed between the outer ring stator and the motor housing base. The brush ring is electrically connected to the original commutator brushes, and the newly added brush is connected to an external power supply. It is used to introduce the external power supply current into the commutator brushes through the newly added brush ring. With this function, the original rotor with windings can be fixed, and the original stator core can be used as the rotor to rotate and output torque; or, a reversing mechanism can be connected between the rotor and the stator to make the stator and rotor rotate relative to each other, realizing a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor configuration, which can increase the power density by 2 times without increasing the absolute speed. Alternatively, brushless motor control technology can be used to replace the commutator. For example, position detection sensors such as Hall sensors can be used to collect motor rotor information, and IGBTs and SiC and GaN power semiconductor switching components can be used to realize functions such as real-time current commutation and switching. Of course, for ordinary applications, a commutator structure can also be used, which eliminates the need for a controller and reduces costs. The motor can function as either an electric motor or a generator; when used as a generator, it can significantly increase the power density of the generator.

9. The non-differential disc-type equal-pole common-winding high-power-density motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Regarding the specific structure of the subdivided magnetic poles, you can refer to the prior applications "202211030428.1 Current dynamic and static physical ports of dual rotor motors, 202211098410.5 Design and manufacturing method of constant reluctance rotary transformer and core". The core of the constant reluctance rotary transformer can be designed as subdivided magnetic poles to achieve product diversification and functional pluralism. All types of the previously applied constant reluctance transformer can be transformed into switched reluctance motors, with each coil winding being a disk, and continuous rotation being achieved by differential complementarity of the disks. In an axial flux motor, if the magnets on both sides are arranged in an asymmetrical manner with unbalanced axial force, the axial force will be different when the magnetic reluctance changes. However, as long as it can be kept as a unidirectional axial force, there will only be changes in the axial stress of the bearing, but no back-and-forth vibration. The above solutions can all be commutator type, brushless type, external rotor type, bidirectional flux type, and counter-rotating dual rotor type (with a reversing mechanism added). For relevant information, please refer to the prior application. This dual-disc motor principle also applies to axial flux motors; counter-rotating dual-rotor motors; and internal and external dual flux types. Axial flux motors can refer to the relevant solutions in the prior application, namely: arranging two or more relatively independent axial flux windings and permanent magnets (or non-permanent magnet current excitation windings) according to the corresponding phase difference angles, and controlling them according to the complementary waveform relationship, can achieve the same effect. Since the axial force of the axial flux motor is very large, it is basically used in the form of double disks or multiple disks to balance the axial force. Moreover, the axial flux motor has the characteristic of short axial dimension. Therefore, it is more advantageous to use the double disk or multiple disk scheme described in this patent application to design a compact high power density motor. It can be a single-rotor or dual-rotor motor, as well as a dual-rotor motor with magnetic flux on both sides and a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor. Regarding the method of introducing rotor winding current from the outside for dual-rotor motors, please refer to the prior applications (202211030428.1 Dual-rotor motor current dynamic and static physical ports, 202211098410.5 Constant reluctance rotary transformer and core design and manufacturing method) and the related solutions below; The above solution can also be used for conventional single-rotor motors, such as replacing existing brushless solutions and brushed solutions; Note: The above solution applies to all types of electric motors and generators, including asynchronous motors, synchronous motors, brushless motors, brushed motors, induction motors, permanent magnet motors, switched reluctance motors, etc. The three-phase wires mentioned above can be the input / output harness terminals of a three-phase motor, a three-phase induction asynchronous motor, a brushless DC motor, or a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Alternatively, the dynamic and static port connection method described in this article can also be a sliding brush method, or a sliding carbon brush solution that is easy to replace; Note: The terms used for dynamic and static physical ports in this article are relative and interchangeable in practice; inner and outer rotors are relative designations with interactive mechanical properties and can be used interchangeably as inner and outer rotors. Alternatively, the winding electromagnetic wire can be round or flat; the current waveform in the winding can be: square wave, square wave + composite wave, sine wave; or, the switching reluctance control waveform of the three-disc equal pole common winding is shown in Figure 27; the switching reluctance control waveform of the four-disc equal pole common winding is shown in Figure 28.

10. The non-differential disc-type equal-pole common-winding high-power-density motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of a non-differential three-disc equal-pole common-winding switched reluctance motor consists of three winding discs (A, B, and C) and corresponding stator and rotor cores; alternatively, it can be used in permanent magnet synchronous motors; or it can have an outer core rotor and an inner winding stator, or an outer winding stator and an inner core rotor; where 13 and 14; 16 and 17 (13 and 14 are paired; 16 and 17 are paired, representing two types respectively) correspond to the current-switching commutator and brush disk assembly, abbreviated as: commutator. The commutator assembly includes the commutator part and the brush part. Note: this is commutation, not reversal. Commutation refers to the winding of different disc sections, that is: changing the winding of different disc sections. The current switching is achieved; however, for the same winding, it is only a switching quantity and there is no need to change the current direction. Therefore, it is only necessary to connect one pole of the circuit to the commutator, and the other three disks can be collinear; its conductive surface is distributed on the radial circumferential surface. In order to increase the conductive contact surface, two or more brushes can be connected in parallel and installed according to the phase angle to ensure that the brushes are connected to the windings of the same disk area at the same time; the conductive surface in Figure 5 is distributed on the axial circumferential surface. In order to increase the conductive contact surface, the brush disk corresponding to the commutator in Figure 5 is shown in Figure 6. The square (referring to the larger square in the middle) area 37 all represent conductive areas and are all in parallel relationship; Alternatively, the side connected to the positive terminal of the power supply is the common pole of all windings in the disk area. The current dynamic and static connection port here can be connected by an electric ring or brush to introduce the power supply current. The other side needs to use a commutator and corresponding brush disk to realize the dynamic and static port current connection. At the same time, the commutator relies on its rotational movement to perform timely synchronous commutation. Note: The motor will usually stop when changing the direction of rotation. You can turn the commutation switch after stopping to change the direction of rotation of the motor. Due to the complementary effect of multiple disks, the rotor and stator pole numbers can be equal, and all windings on the same disk can control the current switching according to a unified time phase sequence. This greatly simplifies the wiring and connection process and reduces control difficulty. In particular, with the scheme shown in Figure 1, there is only one winding on the same disk, and there is no end winding problem of traditional motors. Therefore, the electromagnetic wire achieves almost 100% effective power utilization, hence the name "equal pole common winding" configuration. Moreover, since the physical space of the windings and magnetic poles is separated, the design subdivision and density of the number of iron core magnetic poles can be arbitrarily designed, no longer constrained by the windings. Under the premise of ensuring no magnetic leakage or magnetic circuit interference, the number of magnetic poles can be subdivided as much as possible, thereby resulting in greater torque stability. Significant improvements are made, especially for large motors, where torque stability can even reach the same level as permanent magnet synchronous and induction asynchronous motors. As is well known, switched reluctance motors have many advantages. The rotor has no permanent magnets and is a pure iron core structure, eliminating concerns about demagnetization due to heat or impact vibration. They are better suited for high-temperature and ultra-high-speed operation, and the air gap can be further reduced. Rare earth permanent magnets are expensive and are one of the major costs of permanent magnet motors. Improving electromechanical conversion efficiency and power density will significantly reduce costs. The only drawback is large torque pulsation and relatively complex control. The technical solution disclosed in this patent application will perfectly solve these problems and make the process and control simpler. Figures 8-15: Rotor and stator core design diagram A; Figures 16-18: Rotor and stator core design diagram B; Figures 19-21: Rotor and stator core design diagram C; where:

19. Thin sheets on both sides of the stator core (can be silicon steel sheets) 20. Stator intermediate connecting core (can be silicon steel sheet) 21. The rotor has a centrally connected iron core (which can be silicon steel sheets).

22. Thin plates on both sides of the rotor core (can be silicon steel sheets) In addition to conducting magnetic fields, the iron cores on both sides of the stator and rotor also participate in bearing torque. The stator iron core is fixedly connected to the motor housing base, and the rotor iron core can be connected to the motor shaft through a magnetic shielding sleeve. There are various silicon steel sheet stacking schemes for the intermediate connecting iron core, as shown in Figures 11 to 15. Among them: Figures 11 and 13 represent the intermediate connecting iron core of the rotor and stator using parallel lamination; Figures 12 and 14 represent the intermediate connecting iron core of the rotor and stator using radial lamination; Figure 15 represents the use of differential needle-shaped or rod-shaped materials, whose cross-sectional shape can be rectangular, circular, triangular, rhomboid, parallelogram, equal polygon, or variant polygon. Alternatively, the schematic diagram of a non-differential four-disc equal-pole common-winding switched reluctance motor structure adopts an axial four-disc layout structure. Compared with the three-disc type in Figure 1, it has one more disc, which can further improve torque stability and electromechanical conversion efficiency. Figures 23, 24, 25, and 26 respectively represent the phase relationship of each disc rotor relative to the stator at a certain moment. It is evident that its reluctance pull is more efficient and the torque is very stable. Similarly, the winding magnetic poles between each disc can be axially aligned, while the corresponding stator cores can be misaligned as shown in the figure, which can also achieve the same functional effect. The biggest advantage of this common winding scheme is that it can further subdivide the iron core poles, no longer being limited by the inability to subdivide the winding to the extreme and by factors such as leakage interference caused by the iron core being too wide. This makes it impossible to set the number of poles of the switched reluctance motor very fine and dense, resulting in large torque pulsation. Therefore, the common winding scheme is more significant for switched reluctance motors. To prevent the magnetic circuit from short-circuiting in the reverse magnetic circuit with opposite positive torque and generating negative torque, it is necessary to ensure that there is a significant positive and negative magnetic pole air gap difference when the rotor stator magnetic poles pass the neutral position. Alternatively, a claw-pole core structure switched reluctance motor can also be used. Since the magnetic pull torque of a switched reluctance motor is independent of the direction of current and magnetic field polarity, a claw-pole core structure can also be adopted. However, it should be noted that after the two claw poles are engaged, the air gap between them should be much larger than the air gap between the stator and rotor cores to ensure that a short circuit in the magnetic circuit is not caused. Alternatively, a multi-phase split-disc structure with three, four, or more discs, as described above, can be used to achieve torque relay complementarity and obtain continuous and stable torque output.

Images