Kneading device

Abstract

The kneading device comprises a kneading chamber, a first rotor and a second rotor. The length of the first outer circumferential arc portion in the circumferential direction of the first rotor is 1 / 2 or more of the length of the entire circumference of the first imaginary circle. The length of the second outer circumferential arc portion in the circumferential direction of the second rotor is 1 / 2 or more of the length of the entire circumference of the first imaginary circle. When at least one of the first rotor and the second rotor rotates by one circle, the second peripheral arc portion has a time that faces the first peripheral arc portion between the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a kneading apparatus for kneading materials. Background Technology

[0002] For example, a conventional kneading device is described in Patent Document 1. The kneading device described in this document includes a rotor with blades (see the abstract of Patent Document 1). Figure 2 wait).

[0003] When materials are kneaded in the presence of a supercritical or subcritical working fluid, the viscosity of the material decreases compared to kneading under atmospheric conditions. Consequently, the stress applied to the material by the kneading device decreases, and material dispersion may become insufficient. Therefore, it is required that high stress can be applied to the material even when kneading it using a supercritical or subcritical working fluid.

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Patent documents

[0006] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Publication No. 4542605 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a kneading device that can apply high stress to materials even when kneading them in the presence of a working fluid in a supercritical or subcritical state.

[0008] The kneading device includes a kneading chamber, a first rotor, and a second rotor. The kneading chamber is the portion of the material kneaded in the presence of a supercritical or subcritical working fluid. The first rotor is disposed inside the kneading chamber and rotates about a first axis. The second rotor is disposed inside the kneading chamber, parallel to and adjacent to the first rotor, and rotates about a second axis in the opposite direction to the rotation of the first rotor. The first rotor includes a first outer circumferential arc portion. When viewed axially along the first axis, the first outer circumferential arc portion is arc-shaped around the first axis and is the outermost portion of the first rotor in the radial direction. The second rotor includes a second outer circumferential arc portion. When viewed axially along the second axis, the second outer circumferential arc portion is arc-shaped around the second axis and is the outermost portion of the second rotor in the radial direction. The length of the first outer circumferential arc portion in the circumferential direction of the first rotor is more than half the length of a full circumference of a first imaginary circle. The first imaginary circle is an imaginary circle passing through the first outer circumferential arc portion and centered on the first rotation axis. The length of the second outer circumferential arc portion in the circumferential direction of the second rotor is more than 1 / 2 of the total length of the second imaginary circle. The second imaginary circle is an imaginary circle passing through the second outer circumferential arc portion and centered on the second rotation axis. The first and second outer circumferential arc portions are configured such that during one revolution of at least one of the first and second rotors, there is a period of time in opposite directions between the first and second rotation axes. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view showing the kneading device 1 of the first embodiment, with the cross-section perpendicular to the axial direction Z.

[0010] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the kneading device 1 shown.

[0011] Figure 3 It means Figure 1 A diagram showing the velocity distribution of material M in the kneading device 1.

[0012] Figure 4 This indicates viewing along the Z-axis. Figure 1 A diagram showing the particle distribution of material M during the kneading device 1.

[0013] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view showing the kneading device 201 of the second embodiment, with the cross-section perpendicular to the axial direction Z.

[0014] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A perspective view of the kneading device 201 shown.

[0015] Figure 7 It means Figure 5 A diagram showing the velocity distribution of material M in the kneading device 201.

[0016] Figure 8 This indicates viewing along the Z-axis. Figure 5 A diagram showing the particle distribution of material M in the kneading device 201.

[0017] Figure 9 This indicates observation along the vertical Y direction. Figure 5 A diagram showing the particle distribution of material M in the kneading device 201.

[0018] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view showing the kneading device 301 of the third embodiment, with the cross-section perpendicular to the axial direction Z.

[0019] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A perspective view of the kneading device 301 shown.

[0020] Figure 12 It means Figure 10 A diagram showing the velocity distribution of material M in the kneading device 301.

[0021] Figure 13 This indicates viewing along the Z-axis. Figure 10 A diagram showing the particle distribution of material M in the kneading device 301.

[0022] Figure 14 This indicates observation along the vertical Y direction. Figure 10 A diagram showing the particle distribution of material M in the kneading device 301.

[0023] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view showing the kneading device 401 of the fourth embodiment, with the cross-section perpendicular to the axial direction Z.

[0024] Figure 16 It is used to illustrate observation along the Z-axis. Figure 15 The diagram shows the posture relationship between the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60.

[0025] Figure 17 yes Figure 15 A perspective view of the kneading device 401 shown.

[0026] Figure 18 It means in Figure 15 The state of the kneading device 401 when one of the first protrusions 453 and the second protrusion 463 face each other is equivalent to Figure 15 The image.

[0027] Figure 19 It means Figure 15 A diagram showing the velocity distribution of material M in the kneading device 401.

[0028] Figure 20 This indicates viewing along the Z-axis. Figure 15 A diagram showing the particle distribution of material M in the kneading device 401.

[0029] Figure 21 This indicates observation along the vertical Y direction. Figure 15 A diagram showing the particle distribution of material M in the kneading device 401.

[0030] Figure 22 This is a perspective view of a closed internal mixer with comparative examples (Example D1, Example D2) having rotating blades.

[0031] Figure 23 This is a graph that represents the maximum shear stress that can be applied to a material.

[0032] Figure 24 This is a graph showing the maximum tensile stress that can be applied to a material. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the following embodiments are merely examples embodying the present invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0034] (First Embodiment)

[0035] Reference Figures 1-4 The kneading device 1 of the first embodiment will be described.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the kneading device 1 (kneader) kneads material M (refer to) in the presence of a working fluid in a supercritical or subcritical state. Figure 3 (The same applies to the following material M)) Hereinafter, "supercritical state or subcritical state" will also be referred to as "supercritical state, etc." The kneading device 1 is, for example, an intermittent type. In the kneading device 1, a working fluid in the supercritical state, etc., is absorbed by the material M, thereby causing the material M to swell and melt, resulting in a decrease in the viscosity of the material M. Under this state, the material M is kneaded.

[0037] The material M kneaded by the kneading device 1 includes, for example, a main material and an auxiliary material. The main material includes, for example, a polymer material. Specifically, for example, it includes rubber (such as tire rubber) or resin. The auxiliary material is an additive (compatibilizer) added (compounded) to the main material. The auxiliary material may contain inorganic substances or organic substances. Specifically, for example, when the main material is rubber, the auxiliary material is silica, a coupling agent, a vulcanizing agent, etc.

[0038] The working fluid used in the kneading device 1 is a fluid in a supercritical state (supercritical fluid) or a fluid in a subcritical state (subcritical fluid). That is, the kneading device 1 is a supercritical kneading device or a subcritical kneading device. The temperature of the supercritical fluid is a temperature above the critical temperature (Tc), and the pressure of the supercritical fluid is a pressure above the critical pressure (Pc). The supercritical fluid has the characteristics of both a liquid and a gas. The supercritical fluid has a force (solubility) to dissolve solutes similarly to a liquid and a force (diffusivity) to diffuse solutes similarly to a gas. The characteristics (solubility and diffusivity) of the subcritical fluid are substantially the same as those of the supercritical fluid. The temperature (T) and pressure (P) of the subcritical fluid satisfy, for example, any of the following conditions. The units of the temperature (T) and the critical temperature (Tc) in each of the following examples are degrees Celsius. [Example 1 of subcritical state] T≥Tc and P<Pc. [Example 2 of subcritical state] T<Tc and P<Pc, and T is sufficiently higher than normal temperature and P is sufficiently higher than normal pressure (atmospheric pressure). [Example 3 of subcritical state] 0.5<T / Tc<1.0 and 0.5<P / Pc. [Example 4 of subcritical state] 0.5<T / Tc and 0.5<P / Pc<1.0. [Example 5 of subcritical state] When the critical temperature (Tc) is below 0°C, 0.5<P / Pc.

[0039] Preferably: The substance constituting the working fluid is a substance that can enter the supercritical state or the subcritical state as easily as possible. The difference between the polarity of the working fluid and the polarity of the material M is small enough that the material M can be dissolved in the working fluid. The substance constituting the working fluid is, for example, carbon dioxide. The critical temperature (Tc) of carbon dioxide is 31°C. The critical pressure (Pc) of carbon dioxide is 7.4 MPa. For example, if it is above 31°C and above 7.1 MPa and below 7.4 MPa, carbon dioxide is in a subcritical state. For example, if it is 15 MPa or more at 20°C, carbon dioxide is in a subcritical state. In addition, the substance constituting the working fluid may not be carbon dioxide. For example, it may also be nitrogen, etc. Compared with the subcritical state, the working fluid is preferably in the supercritical state. When the working fluid is in the supercritical state, the material M is more easily kneaded than when it is in the subcritical state.

[0040] The kneading device 1 includes a chamber 10 and a rotor 40.

[0041] (Direction related to kneading device 1)

[0042] The directions associated with the kneading device 1 include the transverse direction (X), the vertical direction (Y), and the axial direction (Z). Axial direction (Z) is the direction in which the first rotating shaft 50a and the second rotating shaft 60a extend, as described later. Transverse direction (X) is a direction perpendicular to axial direction (Z), and is the direction of the straight line connecting the first rotating shaft 50a and the second rotating shaft 60a when viewed along axial direction (Z), in other words, when viewed from one side of axial direction (Z) to the other. Transverse direction (X) may or may not be horizontal. In transverse direction (X), the direction (orientation) from the second rotating shaft 60a toward the first rotating shaft 50a is defined as the first transverse direction (X1), and the direction (orientation) toward the opposite side of the first transverse direction (X1) is defined as the second transverse direction (X2). Vertical direction (Y) is a direction perpendicular to both axial direction (Z) and transverse direction (X). Vertical direction (Y) may be vertical, but may not be vertical unless otherwise specified. The direction (orientation) toward one side in vertical direction (Y) is defined as the downward direction (Y2). As described later, the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 rotate in opposite directions. The direction of movement of the first rotor 50 between the first shaft 50a and the second shaft 60a (the direction of movement of the outer circumferential surface of the first rotor 50 accompanying its rotation) and the direction of movement of the second rotor 60 between the first shaft 50a and the second shaft 60a (the direction of movement of the outer circumferential surface of the second rotor 60 accompanying its rotation) are defined as the downward direction Y2. The direction opposite to the downward direction Y2 in the vertical direction Y is defined as the upward direction Y1. The upward direction Y1 can be an upward direction in the vertical direction, but it may not be an upward direction in the vertical direction unless otherwise specified. The radial direction of the first imaginary circle 50c centered on the first shaft 50a (or the radial direction of the first rotor 50) described later is called the first radial direction. The circumferential direction of the first imaginary circle 50c (or the circumferential direction of the first rotor 50 around the first shaft 50a) is called the first circumferential direction. The radial direction of the second imaginary circle 60c centered on the second shaft 60a (or the radial direction of the second rotor 60) is referred to as the second radial direction. The circumferential direction of the second imaginary circle 60c (or the circumferential direction of the second rotor 60 around the second shaft 60a) is referred to as the second circumferential direction.

[0043] The chamber 10 includes a kneading chamber 10a for kneading material M. Within the kneading chamber 10a, material M is kneaded in the presence (atmosphere) of a working fluid in a supercritical state or similar condition. The kneading chamber 10a is formed inside the chamber 10. The kneading chamber 10a includes a space for kneading material M (kneading space) and an inner surface defining (enclosing) the kneading space. The kneading chamber 10a is sealed such that the working fluid inside the kneading chamber 10a can maintain a supercritical state or similar condition. That is, the chamber 10 includes, for example, a mechanism for opening and closing the kneading chamber 10a. Figure 1The upper part of the schematic cover can be moved to open the kneading chamber 10a. In this state, material M can be added into the kneading chamber 10a. On the other hand, the kneading device 1 includes a supply channel 16 for allowing supercritical or subcritical working fluid to flow from the supply source 15 into the kneading chamber 10a. The supply channel 16 can be connected, for example, to a schematic passage provided in the chamber 10, so that working fluid flows into the kneading chamber 10a. Therefore, after the working fluid from the supply source 15 flows through the supply channel 16, it passes through the schematic passage of the chamber 10, for example from... Figure 1 The back side of the paper's depth side flows into the kneading chamber 10a. Accordingly, the material M can be kneaded in the kneading chamber 10a in the presence of the working fluid. However, the configuration that allows the working fluid to flow into the kneading chamber 10a is not limited to this.

[0044] The kneading chamber 10a has a rotor receiving chamber 20 that receives the rotor 40. The rotor receiving chamber 20 includes a space for receiving the rotor 40 (rotor receiving space) and an inner surface of the cavity 10 that defines the rotor receiving space. When two rotors 40 are provided, the rotor receiving chamber 20 includes a first rotor receiving chamber 21 and a second rotor receiving chamber 22.

[0045] The first rotor housing 21 includes a space for housing the first rotor 50 and an inner surface of a chamber 10 defining that space. The first rotor housing 21 has an inner circumferential surface centered on the first rotating shaft 50a (described later) and facing the outer circumferential surface of the first rotor 50. When viewed along the axial direction Z, or in other words, viewed from one side of the axial direction Z to the other, this inner circumferential surface is arc-shaped centered on the first rotating shaft 50a. Alternatively, it can be said that this inner circumferential surface is arc-shaped centered on the first rotating shaft 50a in a cross-section perpendicular to the axial direction Z.

[0046] The second rotor housing 22 includes a space for housing the second rotor 60 and an inner surface of the cavity 10 defining this space. The second rotor housing 22 has an inner circumferential surface centered on the second shaft 60a (described later) and facing the outer circumferential surface of the second rotor 60. When viewed along the Z-axis, the inner circumferential surface of the second rotor housing 22 is arc-shaped centered on the second shaft 60a. In a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis, one end of the inner circumferential surface of the first rotor housing 21 is connected to one end of the inner circumferential surface of the second rotor housing 22. Furthermore, in a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis, the other ends of the inner circumferential surfaces of both the first rotor housing 21 and the second rotor housing 22 are connected to the inner circumferential surface of the upper chamber 30 (described later) formed within the cavity 10.

[0047] The kneading chamber 10a has an upper chamber 30. The upper chamber 30 increases the amount of material M (e.g., the production output of the kneading device 1) that can be placed inside the kneading chamber 10a. The upper chamber 30 is adjacent to the upper side (here, the upper side in the vertical direction) of the first rotor receiving chamber 21 and the second rotor receiving chamber 22. The upper chamber 30 forms a space such that, in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction Z, the width of this space is greater than the gap width between the inner peripheral surface of the cavity 10 defining the first rotor receiving chamber 21 and the outer peripheral surface of the first rotor 50, and greater than the gap width between the inner peripheral surface of the cavity 10 defining the second rotor receiving chamber 22 and the outer peripheral surface of the second rotor 60. Alternatively, the upper chamber 30 may be omitted.

[0048] The upper chamber 30 is disposed adjacent to the upper side of the rotor housing chamber 20 in the rotor shaft region A. The rotor shaft region A is the area between a plane passing through the first rotating shaft 50a and parallel to the vertical direction Y, and a plane passing through the second rotating shaft 60a and parallel to the vertical direction Y. That is, the rotor shaft region A is the area located in the second transverse direction X2 relative to the first rotating shaft 50a and the area located in the first transverse direction X1 relative to the second rotating shaft 60a. Furthermore, it is sufficient that at least a portion of the upper chamber 30 is disposed in the rotor shaft region A. That is, a portion of the upper chamber 30 may also be disposed outside the rotor shaft region A.

[0049] The shape of the upper chamber 30 can be set to various (arbitrary) shapes. Figure 1 In the example shown, the inner surface (referred to as the "left side") of the upper chamber 30 on the first rotor 50 side extends upward from the upper portion (e.g., the upper end) of the first rotor housing chamber 21. The left side of the upper chamber 30 may also extend upward in the direction Y1 from a position directly above the first shaft 50a in the first rotor housing chamber 21. Alternatively, the left side of the upper chamber 30 may be inclined relative to the vertical direction Y, such that it is positioned further upwards towards the second transverse direction X2. The left side of the upper chamber 30 may also extend in a direction consistent with the vertical direction Y. The inner surface (right side) of the upper chamber 30 on the second rotor 60 side may be symmetrically arranged (e.g., left-right symmetrical) or asymmetrically arranged with the left side of the upper chamber 30 in the transverse direction X.

[0050] Rotor 40 rotates relative to kneading chamber 10a, thereby kneading the material M. Rotor 40 is housed in rotor housing chamber 20. Multiple rotors 40 are provided, for example, two or more. In the case of three or more rotors 40, two adjacent rotors 40 among the multiple rotors 40 become the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60.

[0051] The first rotor 50 rotates about a first rotating shaft 50a. The first rotating shaft 50a is the axis of rotation of the first rotor 50 relative to the kneading chamber 10a (relative to chamber 10). The first rotor 50 is disposed (received) inside the first rotor receiving chamber 21 (kneading chamber 10a). Figure 2 As shown, the first rotor 50 extends along the direction in which the first shaft 50a extends. Figure 2 In the example shown, the first rotor 50 is cylindrical (roller-shaped) with the first rotating shaft 50a as its center. Additionally, in Figure 2 In the middle, chamber 10 is represented by an imaginary line (double-dotted line). Figure 6 , Figure 11 , Figure 17 , Figure 22 (The same applies).

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the first rotor 50 includes a first outer peripheral arc portion 51. Since the first rotor 50 is formed in a cylindrical shape, the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 is formed along the circumferential surface of the cylinder. That is, when viewed along the axial direction Z, the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 is an arc centered on the first rotation axis 50a, and the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 is the outermost portion of the first rotor 50 in the first radial direction. In the case where the first rotor 50 is cylindrical, the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 is the entire outer periphery of the first rotor 50 in the first circumferential direction (the entire outer periphery of the first rotor 50). In this example, the shape of the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 when viewed along the axial direction Z corresponds to the shape of the entire circumference of the first imaginary circle 50c. When viewed along the axial direction Z, the first imaginary circle 50c is an imaginary circle passing through the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 and centered on the first rotation axis 50a. The first imaginary circle 50c is an imaginary circle perpendicular to the axial direction Z.

[0053] The first outer circumferential arc portion 51 satisfies the following condition α1. [Condition α1] The length (circumference) of the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 in the circumferential direction (first circumferential direction) of the first rotor 50 is more than 1 / 2 of the length of a full circumference of the first imaginary circle 50c. That is, the central angle of the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 about the first axis of rotation 50a is more than 180 degrees. For example, in Figure 1 In the example shown, the central angle is 360 degrees; therefore, the length of the first outer circumferential arc 51 in the first circumferential direction is equal to the length of the entire circumference of the first imaginary circle 50c. When the first rotor 50 is arranged in a manner extending along the axial direction Z (see reference...). Figure 2 It is permissible for at least a portion of the first rotor 50 along the Z-axis to satisfy the above-described [condition α1]. However, it is preferable that all portions of the first rotor 50 along the Z-axis satisfy the above-described [condition α1]. Alternatively, a portion of the first rotor 50 along the Z-axis may also satisfy the above-described [condition α1].

[0054] The second rotor 60 is a rotor 40 independent of the first rotor 50. The second rotor 60 rotates about a second shaft 60a. The second shaft 60a is the axis of rotation of the second rotor 60 relative to the kneading chamber 10a (relative to the chamber 10). The second rotor 60 rotates in the opposite direction to the rotation of the first rotor 50. This is to apply tensile stress to the material M through the gap between the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 (e.g., the inter-arc gap Ag, described later). For example, when viewed along the axial direction Z, if the first rotor 50 rotates clockwise, the second rotor 60 rotates counterclockwise. The magnitude (number of revolutions) of the rotational speed of the second rotor 60 is equal to or approximately equal to the magnitude of the rotational speed of the first rotor 50. Alternatively, the magnitude of the rotational speed of the second rotor 60 may differ from the magnitude of the rotational speed of the first rotor 50.

[0055] The second rotor 60 is disposed (received) inside the second rotor receiving chamber 22 (kneading chamber 10a). Figure 2 As shown, the second rotor 60 is arranged parallel to the first rotor 50. More specifically, the direction in which the first rotor 50 extends (i.e., the direction in which the first shaft 50a extends) is parallel to the direction in which the second rotor 60 extends (i.e., the direction in which the second shaft 60a extends). Figure 1 As shown, the second rotor 60 is arranged adjacent to the first rotor 50. A small gap (the arc gap Ag described later) is formed between the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60.

[0056] The second rotor 60 has the same configuration (structure, shape, etc.) as the first rotor 50. For example, the second rotor 60 is cylindrical (roller-shaped) with the second rotating shaft 60a as its center (see reference). Figure 2 Furthermore, the configuration of the second rotor 60 may differ from that of the first rotor 50 (this also applies to other embodiments described below). The configuration of the second rotor 60 may be substantially the same as that of the first rotor 50, or it may be completely different from the configuration of the first rotor 50. Hereinafter, the case where the configuration of the first rotor 50 is the same as that of the second rotor 60 will be described. The second rotor 60 includes a second outer peripheral arc portion 61 with the same configuration as the first outer peripheral arc portion 51.

[0057] Since the second rotor 60 is formed in a cylindrical shape, the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 is formed along the circumferential surface of the cylinder. That is, when viewed along the axial direction Z, the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 is an arc centered on the second rotating shaft 60a, and the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 is the outermost part of the second rotor 60 in the second radial direction. Figure 1In the example shown, the second outer circumferential arc 61 coincides with the entire circumference of the second imaginary circle 60c. When viewed along the Z-axis, the second imaginary circle 60c is an imaginary circle passing through the second outer circumferential arc 61 and centered on the second axis of rotation 60a. The second imaginary circle 60c is an imaginary circle perpendicular to the Z-axis.

[0058] The second outer circumferential arc portion 61 satisfies the following condition α2. [Condition α2] The length of the second outer circumferential arc portion 61 in the circumferential direction (second circumferential direction) of the second rotor 60 is more than 1 / 2 of the length of the entire circumference of the second imaginary circle 60c. In addition, at least a portion of the second rotor 60 in the axial direction Z satisfies the above-mentioned [Condition α2].

[0059] (The outermost diameter arc portion facing each other)

[0060] During the rotation of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60, the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 sometimes faces the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 (facing each other in the transverse X direction). Hereinafter, "facing each other" for elements of the first rotor 50 (e.g., at least a portion of the first outer peripheral arc portion 51) and elements of the second rotor 60 (e.g., at least a portion of the second outer peripheral arc portion 61) means that the two elements face each other in the transverse X direction. When the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 faces the first outer peripheral arc portion 51, the vertical range (vertical range) of the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 may be completely consistent with the vertical range of the first outer peripheral arc portion 51, or it may be partially inconsistent.

[0061] It is also possible for the second outer circumferential arc portion 61 and the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 to not face each other (the same applies to the "facing each other" cases below). In Figure 1 In the example shown, the entire circumference of the outer periphery of the first rotor 50 is defined as the first outer circumferential arc portion 51, and the entire circumference of the outer periphery of the second rotor 60 is defined as the second outer circumferential arc portion 61. Therefore, during the rotation of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60, the second outer circumferential arc portion 61 always faces the first outer circumferential arc portion 51. On the other hand, depending on the shape of the first rotor 50 or the second rotor 60, the second outer circumferential arc portion 61 may not face the first outer circumferential arc portion 51.

[0062] If at least one of the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 and the second outer circumferential arc portion 61 is not formed in a full circumference, the second outer circumferential arc portion 61 and the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 may face each other at some point during the rotation process, and not face each other at another point. The first outer circumferential arc portion 61 and the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 may face each other periodically. When the above [condition α1] and [condition α2] are satisfied, during the period when at least one of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 rotates one revolution, there is a time when the second outer circumferential arc portion 61 faces the first outer circumferential arc portion 51.

[0063] The second outer circumferential arc portion 61 and the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 can also be such that when they face each other at a certain position (first position) in the axial direction Z, they do not face each other at another position (second position) in the axial direction Z.

[0064] The gap between the second outer circumferential arc portion 61 and the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 when they face each other in the transverse X direction is called the inter-arc gap Ag. The internal space of the kneading chamber 10a (excluding the portion where the rotor 40 is located) includes an upper rotor gap Ay1 and a lower rotor gap Ay2 in the rotor shaft region A. The upper rotor gap Ay1 is the region adjacent to the upper side of the gap portion between the first imaginary circle 50c and the second imaginary circle 60c (e.g., the inter-arc gap Ag). The lower rotor gap Ay2 is the region adjacent to the lower side of the gap portion between the first imaginary circle 50c and the second imaginary circle 60c (e.g., the inter-arc gap Ag).

[0065] (Regarding clearance)

[0066] The gaps associated with the kneading device 1 include: a first gap, a second gap, and an inter-rotor gap. Figure 1 In the diagram, the gap in the first gap (first gap) is represented by L1, the gap in the second gap (second gap) is represented by L2, and the gap in the inter-rotor gap (inter-rotor gap) is represented by L3.

[0067] The first gap L1 is the gap width at the portion of the minimum distance (minimum value of the gap) between the inner surface of the kneading chamber 10a and the first rotor 50. The first gap L1 is the gap width located between the inner circumferential surface of the first rotor receiving chamber 21 and the first imaginary circle 50c in the first radial direction.

[0068] The second gap L2 is the gap width at the portion of the minimum distance (minimum value of the gap) between the inner surface of the kneading chamber 10a and the second rotor 60. The second gap L2 is the gap width located between the inner circumferential surface of the first rotor receiving chamber 22 and the second imaginary circle 60c in the second radial direction.

[0069] The rotor gap L3 is the width of the minimum interval (minimum value) between the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60. The rotor gap L3 is also the width of the gap in the transverse direction X between the first imaginary circle 50c and the second imaginary circle 60c. The rotor gap L3 is the minimum interval width in the arc gap Ag. The rotor gap L3 is greater than 0. That is, the first imaginary circle 50c and the second imaginary circle 60c do not overlap, and the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 do not mesh (the kneading device 1 is not a meshing type).

[0070] The rotor gap L3 is preferably smaller than the first gap L1 and smaller than the second gap L2. When the first gap L1 and the second gap L2 are large (specifically, larger than the rotor gap L3), the heat generation of the material M in the gap between the rotor 40 and the inner surface of the chamber 10 is suppressed. As a result, kneading can be performed for a long time in the kneading device 1.

[0071] Furthermore, when the rotor gap L3 is small (specifically, smaller than the first gap L1 and the second gap L2, respectively), stress can be stably generated on the material M in the inter-arc gap Ag. The reason is as follows: When the rotor gap L3 is large, more material M may exit from the inter-arc gap Ag than material M may flow into it. In this case, since material M is less likely to accumulate in the upper rotor gap Ay1, the time during which material M is not supplied to the inter-arc gap Ag increases. Therefore, the time during which stress cannot be applied to material M in the inter-arc gap Ag increases. Therefore, it is preferable that the rotor gap L3 is small (specifically, smaller than the first gap L1 and the second gap L2, respectively).

[0072] (Work)

[0073] The kneading device 1 operates as follows. The material M and the working fluid are contained within the sealed kneading chamber 10a (see reference). Figure 3 In this state, if rotor 40 rotates relative to kneading chamber 10a, the material M in the upper rotor gap Ay1 moves towards the gap between the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 (in this example, the inter-arc gap Ag). When material M passes through the inter-arc gap Ag, it undergoes a tensile flow in the vertical Y direction (described later), and tensile stress is applied to material M. After passing through the inter-arc gap Ag, material M moves to the lower rotor gap Ay2, and then returns to the upper rotor gap Ay1 after passing through the gap between the inner surface of rotor housing chamber 20 and rotor 40. This movement is repeated as rotor 40 continues to rotate. Accordingly, material M is distributed, or distributed and mixed, or distributed, thereby reducing the non-uniformity (mixing non-uniformity) of material M. That is, the non-uniformity of secondary materials in the main material is reduced. Furthermore, material M is dispersed or finely distributed. That is, the secondary materials of material M are finely distributed in the main material.

[0074] (The effect achieved by using working fluids in a supercritical state, etc.)

[0075] Here, the closed-loop mixer that does not use a supercritical fluid or similar working fluid is referred to as the "closed-loop mixer of comparison object". When using a supercritical fluid or similar working fluid, compared to not using a supercritical fluid or similar working fluid, material M can be kneaded even at low temperatures, and the heating of material M can be suppressed. Furthermore, when using a supercritical fluid or similar working fluid, compared to not using a supercritical fluid or similar working fluid, the viscosity of material M decreases, thereby improving the flowability of material M, and thus material M is better distributed. In addition, when using a supercritical fluid or similar working fluid, compared to not using a supercritical fluid or similar working fluid, the wettability of the interfaces between different substances is improved. For example, regarding the improvement in interfacial wettability, the case of kneading rubber and silica will be explained. Silica has high agglomeration properties. Furthermore, hydrophilic silica is difficult to be compatible with oleophilic rubber. However, when using a supercritical fluid or similar working fluid, the agglomeration of silica is suppressed, and silica and rubber are easily compatible. As a result, the physical properties of the rubber containing silica can be improved.

[0076] (Problems arising from the use of working fluids in supercritical states, etc.)

[0077] As described above, when using a working fluid in a supercritical state or similar condition, the viscosity of material M decreases compared to when a working fluid in a supercritical state or similar condition is not used. Therefore, in a device with the same apparatus structure as the closed-loop mixer of the comparison object, when using a working fluid in a supercritical state or similar condition, the stress generated in material M is less compared to the closed-loop mixer of the comparison object. Consequently, for material M that requires physical force for dispersion, dispersion of material M becomes difficult (reduced dispersibility, insufficient dispersion performance). The details of this problem will be explained further below.

[0078] (Regarding shear stress)

[0079] In the closed mixer of the comparison object, shear stress is generated in the material M between the rotating blades (equivalent to rotor 40 in kneading device 1) and the chamber. Accordingly, the material M heats up and melts, and the material M becomes fluid, thereby distributing and dispersing the material M. Here, the shear stress (σ) can be expressed using viscosity (11) and shear rate (Y) by the following formula.

[0080] σ=ηγ

[0081] On the other hand, in the presence of a working fluid such as a supercritical fluid, kneading can be performed at a lower temperature compared to the case where a working fluid such as a supercritical fluid is not used, thus suppressing the decrease in viscosity (η) of material M due to temperature rise. However, since the presence of a working fluid such as a supercritical fluid reduces the viscosity (η) of material M, the shear stress (σ) generated in material M becomes equal to or less than the case where a working fluid such as a supercritical fluid is not used.

[0082] Furthermore, even if shear flow occurs in material M, since material M will rotate with the rotor when a force is applied, it may be difficult for material M itself to generate stress.

[0083] Therefore, in a device with the same structure as the closed mixer of the comparison object, when using a working fluid in a supercritical state, it is difficult to increase the shear stress generated in material M compared to when a working fluid in a supercritical state is not used.

[0084] (Regarding tensile stress)

[0085] On the other hand, when a tensile flow (stretching flow) occurs in material M, it is difficult for material M to rotate with the rotor. Therefore, tensile flow is more efficient at generating stress in material M than shear flow. Furthermore, tensile viscosity is higher than shear viscosity. Therefore, when tensile stress is generated in material M, the stress generated in material M can be increased compared to when shear stress is generated.

[0086] Here, for example Figure 22 The rotating blades of the closed-loop mixer shown in the comparison object are unlikely to generate tensile flow in material M that stretches material M. Therefore, it is difficult to apply tensile stress (causing tensile stress) to material M.

[0087] then, Figure 1 The kneading device 1 shown is configured such that even when the viscosity of material M decreases due to the presence of a working fluid in a supercritical state, high stress can be generated in material M by generating high tensile stress. Therefore, the kneading device 1 is configured to satisfy the above-mentioned [condition α1] and [condition α2].

[0088] Furthermore, in the closed-loop mixer used as a comparison object, which does not use a supercritical fluid or similar working fluid, when the rotor 40 of this embodiment is configured as the rotating blades, the heat generation of material M increases, thereby reducing the viscosity of material M. Therefore, it is impossible to generate sufficiently high stress in material M. On the other hand, in the kneading apparatus 1 of this embodiment, since a supercritical fluid or similar working fluid is used, the heat generation of material M is suppressed, thereby suppressing the decrease in viscosity of material M. Therefore, it is possible to generate high stress in material M.

[0089] (Analysis)

[0090] To evaluate the kneading performance of the kneading device 1, the velocity distribution of material M was analyzed (refer to...). Figure 3 ) and particle distribution (refer to Figure 4 An evaluation was conducted.

[0091] (Velocity distribution)

[0092] Figure 3 An example of analytical results for the velocity distribution of material M is shown. Figure 3 The examples shown are examples of analytical results when t / T is 0, 2.2, and 3, respectively. Here, "T" represents the rotation period of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60, and t represents time. Figure 3 In the diagram, the velocity of material M is represented by the depth of gray. The lighter the gray, the slower the velocity of material M; the darker the gray (close to black), the faster the velocity of material M.

[0093] The state where t / T = 0 is the initial state before rotor 40 rotates, which is the state where the velocity of material M is 0. In the initial state, material M exists in rotor housing 20 (refer to...). Figure 1 The material M is located in the gap between the inner surface of the material and the rotor 40, between the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 (e.g., the arc gap Ag), and in the upper rotor gap Ay1. In the initial state, the upper surface of the material M (here, the upper surface in the vertical direction) is at the same height (or approximately the same height) as the upper end of the rotor 40.

[0094] At t / T = 2.2 (and t / T = 3), the velocity of material M is maximum at the inter-arc gap Ag. This indicates that tensile flow occurs in material M at the inter-arc gap Ag, where tensile stress acts on material M. Furthermore, at t / T = 2.2 and t / T = 3, material M floats up from the inter-arc gap Ag and accumulates in the upper rotor gap Ay1. Therefore, material M is stably supplied to the inter-arc gap Ag. Additionally, since the velocity distribution of material M reaches a steady state before t / T = 2.2, the velocity distribution of material M is approximately equal at t / T = 2.2 and t / T = 3.

[0095] (Particle distribution)

[0096] Figure 4 This is an example of the analytical results of particle distribution of material M when viewed along the Z-axis. This analysis is used to evaluate the performance (distribution performance, distribution mixing performance) of distributing material M in the upper rotor void Ay1. Specifically, in this analysis, how the particles (material M) located in the upper rotor void Ayl in the initial state (t / T = 0) can be evaluated. Figure 4 The example shown illustrates the positions of the particles at t / T values ​​of 0, 1, and 3, respectively, representing the distribution of particles around the rotor.

[0097] The diagram shows that in the states t / T = 1 and t / T = 3, the particles remain in the upper rotor gap Ay1 (described later). In other words, it shows that in the initial state, even if the rotor rotates, the particles located in the upper rotor gap Ay1 are difficult to move out of the upper rotor gap Ay1, but remain in the upper rotor gap Ay1.

[0098] ( Figure 1 (Effect of the kneading device 1 shown)

[0099] The kneading device 1 includes a kneading chamber 10a, a first rotor 50, and a second rotor 60. In the kneading chamber 10a, material M is kneaded in the presence of a supercritical or subcritical working fluid. The first rotor 50 is disposed inside the kneading chamber 10a and rotates about a first rotating shaft 50a. The second rotor 60 is parallel to the first rotor 50 inside the kneading chamber 10a (see reference). Figure 2The second rotor 60 is arranged adjacent to the first rotor 50. The second rotor 60 rotates about a second shaft 60a in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the first rotor 50. The first rotor 50 includes a first outer peripheral arc portion 51. When viewed along the axial direction Z, the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 is an arc centered on the first shaft 50a, and the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 is the radially outermost (outer in the first radial direction) portion of the first rotor 50. The second rotor 60 includes a second outer peripheral arc portion 61. When viewed along the axial direction Z, the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 is an arc centered on the second shaft 60a, and the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 is the radially outermost (outer in the second radial direction) portion of the second rotor 60.

[0100] [Structure 1-1] The length of the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 in the circumferential direction (first circumferential direction) of the first rotor 50 is more than 1 / 2 of the length of the entire circumference of the first imaginary circle 50c (as described in [condition α1] above). When viewed along the axial direction Z, the first imaginary circle 50c is an imaginary circle passing through the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 and centered on the first rotating shaft 50a.

[0101] [Composition 1-2] The length of the second outer circumferential arc portion 61 in the circumferential direction (second circumferential direction) of the second rotor 60 is more than 1 / 2 of the length of the entire circumference of the second imaginary circle 60c (as described in [Condition α2] above). When viewed along the axial direction Z, the second imaginary circle 60c is an imaginary circle passing through the second outer circumferential arc portion 61 and centered on the second rotation axis 60a.

[0102] [Composition 1-3] The first outer peripheral arc portion 51 and the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 are configured such that during the period when at least one of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 rotates one revolution, there is a time when the first rotating shaft 50a and the second rotating shaft 60a (or the rotor shaft region A) are facing each other.

[0103] According to [Configuration 1-3] described above, the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 and the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 sometimes face each other. Furthermore, the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 satisfies the condition described in [Configuration 1-1], and the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 satisfies the condition described in [Configuration 1-2]. Therefore, during the rotation of at least one of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60, the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 and the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 sometimes face each other, but not necessarily always. Therefore, according to [Configuration 1-1], [Configuration 1-2], and [Configuration 1-3] described above, the material M can be deformed or flowed such that during the rotation of at least one of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60, the material M passes through the gap between the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 and the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 (inter-arc gap Ag). Therefore, tensile flow can be generated in the material M in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction Z and perpendicular to the transverse direction X (vertical direction Y), thus generating tensile stress in the material M. Therefore, even when kneading material M in the presence of a supercritical or subcritical working fluid, high stress can be generated in material M. As a result, the dispersion performance of the kneading device 1 on material M (the ability to disperse material M more finely) can be improved.

[0104] [Structure 2] The minimum interval (inter-rotor gap L3) between the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 is smaller than the first gap L1 and smaller than the second gap L2. The first gap L1 is the minimum interval between the inner surface of the kneading chamber 10a and the first rotor 50. The second gap L2 is the minimum interval between the inner surface of the kneading chamber 10a and the second rotor 60.

[0105] In the above-described [configuration 2], the rotor gap L3 is smaller than both the first gap L1 and the second gap L2. Therefore, the insufficient material M present in the upper rotor gap Ay1 is suppressed, and material M can be stably supplied from the upper rotor gap Ay1 to the inter-arc gap Ag. Thus, in the kneading device 1, stress can be stably generated in the material M in the inter-arc gap Ag. Furthermore, in the above-described [configuration 2], the first gap L1 and the second gap L2 are larger than the rotor gap L3. Therefore, the heat generation of material M in the gap between the inner surface of the kneading chamber 10a and the rotor 40 can be suppressed. As a result, the kneading device 1 can knead material M for a long time.

[0106] The kneading chamber 10a includes a first rotor receiving chamber 21, a second rotor receiving chamber 22, and an upper chamber 30. The first rotor receiving chamber 21 has an inner peripheral surface centered on a first rotating shaft 50a and receives a first rotor 50. The second rotor receiving chamber 22 has an inner peripheral surface centered on a second rotating shaft 60a and receives a second rotor 60.

[0107] [Composition 12] The upper chamber 30 is adjacent to the upper side of the first rotor receiving chamber 21 and the second rotor receiving chamber 22.

[0108] According to the above [configuration 12], compared with the case where the upper chamber 30 is not provided in the kneading chamber 10a (specifically, the case where only the rotor receiving chamber 20 is provided), the amount of material M that can be loaded into the kneading chamber 10a can be increased. Therefore, the amount of material M that the kneading device 1 can knead (e.g., production volume) can be increased.

[0109] (Second Implementation)

[0110] Reference Figures 5-9 Regarding the kneading device 201 of the second embodiment, the differences from those of the first embodiment will be explained. Furthermore, the similarities between the kneading device 201 of the second embodiment and that of the first embodiment will be omitted from the explanation. This omission of the explanation of commonalities will also be reflected in the descriptions of the other embodiments described later.

[0111] like Figure 5 As shown, the kneading device 201 differs from the kneading device 1 in that the first rotor 50 includes a first recess 257; and the second rotor 60 includes a second recess 267.

[0112] The first recess 257 is a portion used to further distribute the material M (reduce the unevenness of the material M and reduce the unevenness of mixing). That is, the first recess 257 is a portion used to draw more material M into the upper rotor gap Ay1 and to move the drawn material M into the lower rotor gap Ay2. The first recess 257 has a shape that is recessed inward from the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 (radially inward from the first rotor 50) in the first radial direction. Therefore, the first recess 257 is disposed inward relative to the first imaginary circle 50c in the first radial direction. In addition, the first recess 257 is not limited to a shape that is recessed inward directly from the first outer peripheral arc portion 51, as long as it has a shape that is recessed inward in the first radial direction.

[0113] The "shape of the recess" of the first recess 257 is, for example, groove-shaped (see reference). Figure 6 When viewed along the Z-axis, the first recess 257 can be a shape including a curve, for example, it can be a shape including an arc (circular or non-circular arc). When viewed along the Z-axis, the first recess 257 can also be a shape including a straight line (see reference). Figure 16 For example, when viewed along the Z-axis, the first recess 257 can be... Figure 16 The shape of the middle recess 457a shown can also be the shape of the outer recess 457c (the shapes will be described later). Figure 5As shown, in the first outer peripheral portion that has rotated 50 degrees, the first recess 257 is not included in the first outer peripheral arc portion 51. Therefore, the first recess 257 is formed in a manner that satisfies the aforementioned [condition α1] regarding the first outer peripheral arc portion 51. Therefore, in Figure 5 In the first rotor 50 shown, the central angle of the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 around the first rotating shaft 50a is also 180 degrees or more. Figure 5 In a circle, the central angle is either greater than 240 degrees or less than 270 degrees. However, the central angle is less than 360 degrees.

[0114] The second rotor 60 is configured in the same manner as the first rotor 50. The second rotor 60 includes a second recess 267.

[0115] The second recess 267 is a portion for further distributing the material M. That is, the second recess 267 is a portion for receiving more material M from the upper rotor gap Ay1 and for moving the received material M to the lower rotor gap Ay2. The second recess 267 has a shape that is recessed inward in the second radial direction. Since the second recess 267 is constructed in the same way as the first recess 257, the description of the first recess 257 is referred to. Even when the second rotor 60 includes the second recess 267, the above-mentioned [condition α2] regarding the second outer peripheral arc portion 61 is satisfied.

[0116] (Suppression of fever)

[0117] Because a first recess 257 is formed in the first rotor 50, the heating of the material M is suppressed. Specifically, when the first recess 257 faces the inner surface of the chamber 10 of the first rotor receiving chamber 21 in a first radial direction, the width of the gap between the inner surface of the chamber 10 and the first recess 257 is greater than the first gap L1 between the inner surface of the chamber 10 and the first outer peripheral arc portion 51. Therefore, the entire circumference of the outer periphery of the first rotor 50 is defined as the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 (see reference). Figure 1 Compared to the case of the first recess 257, the heating of material M is suppressed. As a result, kneading can be performed for a longer period of time in the kneading device 201. Similar to the first recess 257, the heating of material M is also suppressed based on the second recess 267.

[0118] (Increased production)

[0119] Since the first rotor 50 has a first recess 257, the case where the entire circumference of the outer periphery of the first rotor 50 is a first outer circumferential arc portion 51 (see reference). Figure 1 Compared to the first recess 257, the amount of material M that can be loaded into the kneading chamber 10a increases. Therefore, for example, the production capacity of the kneading device 201 can be increased. Similar to the first recess 257, the amount of material M loaded into the kneading chamber 10a can be increased by having the second recess 267.

[0120] (Intake of material M)

[0121] The first recess 257 receives the material M from the upper rotor gap Ay1. Specifically, the material M in the upper rotor gap Ay1 enters the first recess 257, and the material M in the first recess 257 moves towards the lower rotor gap Ay2 as the first rotor 50 rotates (see reference). Figure 7 (In the state where t / T = 2.2). As described above, since the material M in the upper rotor gap Ay1 is drawn into the first recess 257, the amount of material M remaining in the upper rotor gap Ay1 is reduced, and the material M is further distributed. That is, the distribution performance of the kneading device 1 is improved. In addition, similar to the first recess 257, the material M in the upper rotor gap Ay1 is also drawn into the second recess 267.

[0122] (Opposite direction of the concave portion)

[0123] Preferably, during one revolution of at least one of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60, there is a period during which the second recess 267 faces the first recess 257. When the second recess 267 faces the first recess 257, the vertical range (vertical range) of the second recess 267 overlaps with at least a portion of the vertical range of the first recess 257. In the state where the second recess 267 faces the first recess 257, the space between the second rotor 60 and the first rotor 50 becomes larger, thereby allowing more material M to be accommodated in the upper rotor gap Ay1. Therefore, the amount of material M remaining in the upper rotor gap Ay1 can be further reduced. In addition, when the first rotor 50 is provided with the first recess 257 and the second rotor 60 is provided with the second recess 267, it is preferable that the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 face each other, but it is also possible that there is no time during which they face each other.

[0124] (Analysis)

[0125] Explanation of the velocity distribution of material M in the configuration of the kneading device 201 (refer to...) Figure 7 ) and particle distribution (refer to Figure 8 The analysis results of ).

[0126] (Velocity distribution)

[0127] Figure 7 An example of the analytical results representing the velocity distribution of material M. As shown in the state of t / T = 2.2, the material M in the upper rotor gap Ay1 is affected by the first recess 257 (refer to...). Figure 5 ) and the second recess 267 (refer to Figure 5Furthermore, under the conditions of t / T = 2.2 and 3, the velocity of material M is the maximum at the inter-arc gap Ag, therefore it can be known that tensile stress acts on material M at the inter-arc gap Ag. In other words, even with the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 provided, as long as the above [configuration 1-1] to [configuration 1-3] are present, tensile flow and tensile stress can be generated in material M at the inter-arc gap Ag.

[0128] (Particle distribution)

[0129] Figure 8 This is an example of the analytical results of particle distribution when viewed along the Z-axis in the configuration of the kneading device 201 of this embodiment. Figure 8 The results shown are consistent with Figure 4 The analysis results are compared in the configuration of the kneading device 1 in the first embodiment. As described above, in Figure 4 In the initial state (t / T = 0), the particles (material M) located in the upper rotor gap Ay1 remain in the upper rotor gap Ay1 thereafter (in the states where t / T is 1 and 3). Therefore, depending on the kneading conditions (e.g., the type of material M, kneading time, etc.), the distribution of material M may be insufficient. Consequently, uneven mixing of material M may occur.

[0130] In contrast, Figure 8 In the results, the particles remaining in the upper rotor gap Ay1 and Figure 4 The results are fewer (refer to the states t / T = 1 and 3). Furthermore, in Figure 8 The diagram also shows that particle distribution is facilitated in the first and second circumferences. That is, at t / T = 3, particles exist approximately throughout the entire circumference of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60. Furthermore, in Figure 8 In the diagram representing the state at t / T = 3, only a subset of particles representing material M are labeled with the symbol M( Figure 13 and Figure 20 Similarly). Additionally, Figure 9 The analytical results of particle distribution along the Z-axis in the kneading device 201 are shown (described later).

[0131] Figure 5 The effect of the kneading device 201 shown is as follows.

[0132] [Composition 3-1] The first rotor 50 includes a first recess 257 having a shape that is recessed inward toward the radial (first radial) side of the first rotor 50.

[0133] [Composition 3-2] The second rotor 60 includes a first recess 267 having a shape that is recessed inward toward the radial (first radial) side of the second rotor 60.

[0134] Based on the above [configuration 3-1], the following effects can be achieved. The first recess 257 can accommodate more material M within the upper rotor gap Ay1. Therefore, the amount of material M remaining within the upper rotor gap Ay1 can be reduced. Therefore, the kneading device 201 can further distribute the material M. As a result, the material distribution performance of the kneading device 201 (the performance of reducing material M unevenness) can be improved.

[0135] According to the above [configuration 3-1], the gap between the inner surface of the kneading chamber 10a (specifically, the inner surface of the chamber 10 of the first rotor receiving chamber 21) and the first recess 257 can be ensured. Therefore, compared with the case where the first recess 257 is not provided on the first rotor 50, the heat generation of the material M can be suppressed. As a result, the kneading device 201 can knead the material M for a long time.

[0136] According to the above [configuration 3-1], the gap between the inner surface of the kneading chamber 10a (specifically, the inner surface of the chamber 10 of the first rotor receiving chamber 21) and the first recess 257 can be ensured. Therefore, compared to the case where the first recess 257 is not provided, the amount of material M that can be loaded into the kneading chamber 10a can be increased. Therefore, the amount of material M that the kneading device 1 can knead (e.g., production volume) can be increased.

[0137] The second recess 267 in [Configuration 3-2] described above can also achieve the same effect as the first recess 257 in [Configuration 3-1] described above. Therefore, compared to the case where only one of the two rotors 40 includes a recess (first recess 257), the effect obtained according to [Configuration 3-1] can be further improved.

[0138] [Composition 4] The first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 are configured such that during the period when at least one of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 rotates one revolution, there is a time when the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 face each other between the first shaft 50a and the second shaft 60a.

[0139] According to the above [configuration 4], compared to the case where the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 do not face each other, the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 can accommodate more material M in the upper rotor gap Ay1. Therefore, the kneading device 201 can further reduce the amount of material M remaining in the upper rotor gap Ay1. Therefore, the kneading device 201 can further distribute the material M.

[0140] (Third Implementation)

[0141] Reference Figures 10-14 Regarding the kneading device 301 of the third embodiment, the main differences from those of the second embodiment will be explained. The main differences are as follows: Figure 11 As shown, the first recess 257 of the first rotor 50 is formed in a twisted shape, and the second recess 267 of the second rotor 60 is formed in a twisted shape.

[0142] Figure 6 The first recess 257 shown extends in a direction parallel to the first axis of rotation 50a, while Figure 11 The first recess 257 shown is formed in a spiral shape with the first rotating shaft 50a as the central axis. The first recess 257 is provided over the entire range (or approximately the entire range) of the first rotor 50 along the axial direction Z. Alternatively, the first recess 257 may be provided only on a portion of the first rotor 50 along the axial direction Z.

[0143] Because the first recess 257 has a twisted shape, material M can be easily distributed in the axial direction Z. That is, because the first recess 257 has a twisted shape, it can induce a flow of material M in the axial direction Z, thereby promoting the distribution of material M in the axial direction Z (see reference). Figure 14 The twist of the first recess 257 is a twist in a "specified twist direction" centered on the first axis of rotation 50a. That is, the first recess 257 has a shape that gradually shifts around the first axis of rotation 50a as its position changes along the axial direction Z. The aforementioned "specified twist direction" is either clockwise or counterclockwise when viewed from the side of the axial direction Z.

[0144] like Figure 10 As shown, the first rotor 50 may include a first inclined portion 359. The first inclined portion 359 is disposed in the first circumferential direction between the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 and the first recess 257. The first inclined portion 359 is disposed on both outer sides of the first recess 257 in the first circumferential direction. Viewed along the axial direction Z, the first inclined portion 359 is linear. Furthermore, the presence or absence of the first inclined portion 359 affects the velocity distribution of the material M (refer to...). Figure 12 ) and particle distribution (refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14 It has almost no effect. The position of one end of the first upward inclined portion 359 (the end on the side of the first recess 257) in the first radial direction can be on the first imaginary circle 50c, or it can be equivalent to the first imaginary circle 50c being located inside the first radial direction.

[0145] The second rotor 60, for example, has the same configuration as the first rotor 50. Figure 11 As shown, the second recess 267 of the second rotor 60 has a twisted shape, and the second rotor 60 includes a second inclined portion 369 (see reference). Figure 10 ).

[0146] The second recess 267 is formed in a spiral shape about the second rotating shaft 60a as its central axis. The twist of the second recess 267 is a twist in a "specified twist direction" centered on the second rotating shaft 60a. This "specified twist direction" is the same as the twist direction ("specified twist direction") of the first recess 257. The second recess 267 is provided over the entire (or approximately the entire) range of the axial Z of the second rotor 60. Alternatively, the second recess 267 may be provided only on a portion of the axial Z of the second rotor 60. A portion of the second recess 267 in the axial Z direction faces the first recess 257 in the transverse X direction.

[0147] (The effect of distorting shapes)

[0148] The twisted shape of the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 enables the material M to be distributed along the axial direction Z. That is, as described above, the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 rotate in opposite directions. Furthermore, the twisting directions of the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 are the same. Therefore, the direction of the force acting on the material M along the axial direction Z accompanying the rotation of the first rotor 50 is opposite to the direction of the force acting on the material M along the axial direction Z accompanying the rotation of the second rotor 60. Therefore, the material M is easily distributed along the axial direction Z (which can improve the distribution performance of the kneading device 301 along the axial direction Z) (see reference). Figure 14 ).

[0149] Furthermore, when the twisting directions of the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 are opposite, the orientation of the material M that moves axially Z with the rotation of the first rotor 50 is the same as the orientation of the material M that moves axially Z with the rotation of the second rotor 60. In this case, the material M tends to be biased towards one side of the axial Z, and the distribution in the axial Z direction may sometimes be insufficient. Typically, a seal for sealing the kneading chamber 10a is provided at the end of the rotor 40 in the axial Z direction. If the material M is biased towards one side of the axial Z direction, the material M will squeeze the seal with a greater force, which may affect the seal. Therefore, it is preferable that the twisting directions of the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 are the same.

[0150] (Analysis)

[0151] Explain the velocity distribution of material M in the kneading device 301 (refer to...) Figure 12 ) and particle distribution (refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14 The analysis results are as follows. Here, we will explain the case where the first recess 257 is provided across the entire range of the axial direction Z of the first rotor 50 (the relationship between the second recess 267 and the second rotor 60 is also the same). In this example, the cross-sectional shape of the first rotor 50 (the position of the first recess 257) when viewed along the axial direction Z varies depending on the axial position (position along the axial direction Z) (the same applies to the second rotor 60). Therefore, Figure 12 The analytical results of the velocity distribution shown represent the results at the axial positions of the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 facing each other at t / T = 2.2. Furthermore, Figure 13 The analytical results of the particle distribution shown indicate that, at t / T of 0, 1, and 3, the first concave portion 257 and the second concave portion 267 become as follows: Figure 13 The result at the axial position of the configuration shown. Figure 13 The axial position shown indicates the first recess 257 (refer to...). Figure 10 ) and the second recess 267 (refer to Figure 10 They do not face each other.

[0152] (Axial particle distribution)

[0153] Figure 14 This is an example of the analytical results showing the particle distribution along the Z-axis in the configuration of the kneading device 301 in this embodiment. Figure 14 The results shown are consistent with Figure 9 The analytical results shown are compared in the configuration of the kneading device 201 in the second embodiment. Figure 9 In the example shown, the material M is not adequately distributed along the Z-axis. That is, the material M is blocked on the inner surface of the rotor housing 20 (see reference). Figure 5 Between the rotor 40 and the rotor 40, therefore in Figure 5 In this process, pressure changes along the Z-axis are difficult to occur in material M. Therefore, it is difficult to generate flow of material M along the Z-axis, resulting in insufficient distribution of material M along the Z-axis.

[0154] In contrast, Figure 11 In such a way, Figure 14 As shown in the state where t / T = 3, the orientation of the material M moving towards the Z-axis with the first rotor's rotation of 50° is opposite to the orientation of the material M moving towards the Z-axis with the rotation of the second rotor's rotation of 60°. Therefore, a flow of material M towards the Z-axis is easily generated, thus promoting the distribution of material M towards the Z-axis. Furthermore, Figure 13 An example of the analytical results of particle distribution observed along the Z-axis in the kneading device 301 (described later).

[0155] Figure 11 The effect of the kneading device 301 shown is as follows.

[0156] [Composition 11] The first recess 257 has a shape that is twisted along a "specified twisting direction" with the first pivot 50a as the center. The second recess 267 has a shape that is twisted along the aforementioned "specified twisting direction" with the second pivot 60a as the center.

[0157] According to the above [configuration 11], the orientation of the material M that moves axially Z with the rotation of the first rotor 50 is opposite to the orientation of the material M that moves axially Z with the rotation of the second rotor 60. Therefore, the kneading device 301 can distribute the material M along the axial Z. Therefore, the kneading device 301 can improve the distribution performance of the material M along the axial Z.

[0158] (Fourth implementation)

[0159] Reference Figures 15-21 Regarding the kneading device 401 of the fourth embodiment, the main differences from those of the third embodiment will be explained. The main differences are as follows: Figure 15 As shown, the first recess 257 includes multiple recesses 457a and 457c, and the portion between adjacent recesses 457a and 457c functions as a first protrusion 453. The second recess 267 includes multiple recesses 467a and 467c, and the portion between adjacent recesses 467a and 467c functions as a second protrusion 463.

[0160] like Figure 15 As shown, the first rotor 50 includes: a first base portion 452 having an arcuate portion formed on its outer periphery; and a first blade portion 455 having an outer periphery having a first recess 257 containing a plurality of recesses.

[0161] The first base 452 is a portion whose outer periphery is formed in an arc shape centered on the first rotating shaft 50a when viewed along the axial direction Z. The outer periphery of the first base 452 is referred to as the first base arc portion 452c. The first base 452 is the portion with the first base arc portion 452c as its outer periphery and centered on the first rotating shaft 50a. The first base arc portion 452c is the outermost portion of the first rotor 50 in the first radial direction. Therefore, the first base arc portion 452c constitutes the first outer periphery arc portion 51. However, as will be described later, the distal end portion 453t of the first protrusion 453 can also be the first outer periphery arc portion 51. Therefore, in this case, the first outer periphery arc portion 51 is formed by the first base arc portion 452c and the distal end portion 453t of the first protrusion 453. In addition, regarding the first base arc portion 452c, the central angle of the first base arc portion 452c about the first rotation axis 50a can also be 180 degrees or more.

[0162] The first blade portion 455 is the portion adjacent to the first base portion 452 in the first circumferential direction. That is, the first blade portion 455 is the remaining portion of the first base portion 452 in the first rotor 50. The first recess 257 forming the outer peripheral portion of the first blade portion 455 includes three recesses 457c, 457a, and 457c arranged along the first circumferential direction. Therefore, in the first blade portion 455, there are two first protrusions 453 in the first circumferential direction. The recess located between the two first protrusions 453 is called the intermediate recess 457a, and the recess located outside the two first protrusions 453 in the first circumferential direction is called the outer recess 457c. The two ends of the intermediate recess 457a in the first circumferential direction are connected to the distal end face (outer end face) of the first protrusion 453, respectively. One end of the outer recess 457c in the first circumferential direction is connected to the distal end face (outer end face) of the first protrusion 453. The other end of the first upward-facing outer recess 5457c is connected to the end of the first base arc portion 452c.

[0163] Furthermore, the first recess 257 is not limited to a configuration comprising three recesses 457c, 457a, and 457c. The first recess 257 may include four or more recesses. In this case, the portion between adjacent recesses is also formed as a first protrusion 453.

[0164] The first protrusions 453 are portions that project outward in a first radial direction (protrusion-like or blade-like). That is, the first protrusions 453 are formed by adjacent recesses 457a and 457c that are formed in a concave shape. The first rotor 50 is a composite rotor having both a first base 452 with a generally cylindrical (generally roller-like) outer peripheral surface formed in a portion of the first circumferential direction; and a first blade portion 455 having blade-like first protrusions 453. The configurations of the plurality of first protrusions 453 are identical or substantially identical to each other. Figure 16 In the example shown, the two first protrusions 453 are symmetrical about each other in the first circumferential direction. The following description focuses on one of the first protrusions 453. The width of the first protrusion 453 in the first circumferential direction can either narrow (it can be tapered) as it moves outward toward the first radial direction, or it can remain constant.

[0165] The side surface 453s of the first protrusion 453 faces or is inclined to the first circumferential direction. When viewed along the axial direction Z, the side surface 453s of the first protrusion 453 may include a straight line or a curve (e.g., an arc). Figure 16 In the example shown, when viewed along the Z-axis, the side 453s of the first protrusion 453 has only a straight line.

[0166] The distal end portion 453t of the first protrusion 453 is the outer end portion of the first protrusion 453 in the first radial direction. When viewed along the axial direction Z, the distal end portion 453t may include a straight line, a curve, or an arc. The arc may be a non-circular arc or a circular arc. The circular arc may be a circular arc not centered on the first axis of rotation 50a or a circular arc centered on the first axis of rotation 50a. When viewed along the axial direction Z, the distal end portion 453t may include a portion disposed in the first radial direction relative to the first imaginary circle 50c (e.g., a circular arc portion, etc.). Furthermore, when viewed along the axial direction Z, the distal end portion 453t may be a circular arc extending along the first imaginary circle 50c. In this case, the distal end portion 453t of the first protrusion 453 becomes part of the first outer peripheral arc portion 51. When the distal end portion 453t of the first protrusion 453 becomes part of the first outer peripheral arc portion 51, this portion is sometimes referred to as the first protrusion arc portion 453tc.

[0167] The intermediate recess 457a is located between two adjacent first protrusions 453 in the first circumferential direction (the circumferential direction of the first rotor 50). That is, in the region between the two first protrusions 453, there is: a region located within the first blade portion 455 and with a shorter distance in the first circumferential direction; and a region located in a part of the first base portion 452 and with a longer distance in the first circumferential direction. In this case, the intermediate recess 457a is formed in the region located within the first blade portion 455.

[0168] The intermediate recess 5457a has a bottom 457a1, a side surface 453s of a first protrusion 453 on one side, and a side surface 453s of a first protrusion 453 on the other side. The bottom 457a1 is the first radially inner portion of the intermediate recess 457a and connects the inner end of the side surface 453s of the first protrusion 453 on one side to the inner end of the side surface 453s of the first protrusion 453 on the other side. When viewed along the axial direction Z, the bottom 457a1 may include a straight line or a curve (e.g., an arc). The curve may include a non-circular arc or a circular arc.

[0169] The outer recess 457c is provided outside the two first protrusions 453. That is, the outer recess 457c is located on the opposite side of the intermediate recess 457a relative to the first protrusion 453 in the first circumferential direction. Therefore, two outer recesses 457c are provided. The outer recess 457c is formed by the side surface 453s of one side of the first protrusion 453 and the first connecting portion 457c1 (described later). The outer recess 457c is smaller than the intermediate recess 457a. More specifically, when viewed along the axial direction Z, the area enclosed by the first imaginary circle 50c and the outer recess 457c is smaller than the area enclosed by the first imaginary circle 50c and the intermediate recess 457a.

[0170] The first connecting portion 457c1 is the part that connects the base end (inner end) 453b of the side surface 453s of the first protrusion 453 and the first base arc portion 452c. When viewed along the axial direction Z, the first connecting portion 457c1 may include a straight line or a curve.

[0171] (Length of the first outer circumferential arc portion 51)

[0172] Even when the first rotor 50 is provided with a first protrusion 453, the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 still satisfies the above-mentioned [condition α1]. Specifically, in Figure 16 In the example shown, the length of the first outer circumferential arc portion 51 in the first circumferential direction is the sum of the length of the first base arc portion 452c in the first circumferential direction and the length of the first convex arc portion 453tc in the first circumferential direction. This sum is more than half the length of the entire circumference of the first imaginary circle 50c.

[0173] It should be noted that, in Figure 16 In the example shown, when the distal end 453t of the first protrusion 453 is not formed as the first outer peripheral arc portion 51, the length of the first outer peripheral arc portion 51 in the first circumferential direction is the length of the first base arc portion 452c in the first circumferential direction. In this case, the length of the first base arc portion 452c in the first circumferential direction is more than 1 / 2 of the total circumference of the first imaginary circle 50c.

[0174] The second rotor 60, for example, has the same configuration as the first rotor 50. Therefore, the description of the first rotor 50 can be applied to the second rotor 60.

[0175] The second rotor 60 includes: a second base 462 having an arcuate portion (second base arcuate portion 462c) formed on its outer periphery; and a second blade portion 465 having an outer periphery having a second recess 267 containing a plurality of recesses.

[0176] The first base 462 is a portion whose outer periphery is formed in an arc shape centered on the second rotating shaft 60a when viewed along the axial direction Z. The outer periphery of the second base 462 is referred to as the second base arc portion 462c. The second base arc portion 462c is the outermost portion of the second rotor 60 in the second radial direction. Therefore, the second base arc portion 462c constitutes at least a portion of the second outer peripheral arc portion 61.

[0177] The second blade portion 465 is the portion adjacent to the second base portion 462 in the second circumferential direction. The second recess 267 forming the outer peripheral portion of the second blade portion 465 includes a plurality of recesses 467a and 467c arranged along the second circumferential direction. The recess located between two adjacent second protrusions 463 is called the intermediate recess 467a, and the recess located outside the second protrusions 463 at both ends in the second circumferential direction is called the outer recess 467c. Both ends of the intermediate recess 467a in the second circumferential direction are connected to the distal end face (outer end face) of the second protrusion 463, respectively. One end of the outer recess 467c in the second circumferential direction is connected to the distal end face (outer end face) of the second protrusion 463. The other end of the outer recess 467c in the second circumferential direction is connected to the end of the second base arcuate portion 462c.

[0178] The second protrusion 463 is a shape that projects outward in a second radial direction. Similar to the first protrusion 453, the second protrusion 463 includes a distal end portion 463t. The distal end portion 463t may extend along the second imaginary circle 60c. In this case, the distal end portion 463t is sometimes referred to as the second protrusion arcuate portion 463tc. The second protrusion arcuate portion 463tc forms part of the second outer peripheral arcuate portion 61.

[0179] Similar to the first recess 257, the second recess 267 includes a middle recess 467a and an outer recess 467c.

[0180] (The convex parts are facing each other)

[0181] [Example A1] As Figure 15 As shown, preferably, during the rotation of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60, there is a time when the second protrusion 463 faces the first protrusion 453 (facing each other in the transverse X direction in the rotor shaft region A). In this case, the material M flows through the gap between the first protrusion 453 and the second protrusion 463, thereby generating a tensile flow in the vertical Y direction in the material M. Therefore, tensile stress can be generated in the material M.

[0182] like Figure 16 As shown, the distal end 453t of the first protrusion 453 is preferably arc-shaped with the first rotation axis 50a as the center. Furthermore, the distal end 463t of the second protrusion 463 is preferably arc-shaped with the second rotation axis 60a as the center. [Example A2] In these cases, it is preferable that the distal ends 463t and 453t face each other at a certain time (refer to...). Figure 15 In this case, compared to cases where the distal end 453t of the first protrusion 453 is not arc-shaped with the first axis of rotation 50a as the center, and cases where the distal end 463t of the first protrusion 463 is not arc-shaped with the first axis of rotation 60a as the center, a greater tensile stress can be generated in the material M.

[0183] Preferably, the distal end 453t of the first protrusion 453 is the first protrusion arc portion 453tc. Furthermore, preferably, the distal end 463t of the second protrusion 463 is the second protrusion arc portion 463tc. [Example A3] Preferably, the time at which the second protrusion arc portion 463tc and the second protrusion arc portion 463tc face each other (refer to...) Figure 15 In this case, for example, compared to cases that belong to [Example A2] but not [Example A3], a larger tensile stress can be generated in material M.

[0184] [Example B1] Preferably, both second protrusions 463 face the first protrusion 453 at some point during rotation. These times of facing each other can be simultaneous or separate. In this case, the configuration where only one first protrusion 453 faces the second protrusion 463 (see...) Figure 18 Compared to the previous method, the time it takes for material M to pass through the gap between the first protrusion 453 and the second protrusion 463 is increased. Therefore, it is possible to increase the time it takes for tensile stress to be generated in material M through the gap between the first protrusion 453 and the second protrusion 463.

[0185] Preferably, the distal ends 453t of each of the two first protrusions 453 are arc-shaped with respect to the first axis of rotation 50a. Preferably, the distal ends 463t of each of the two second protrusions 463 are arc-shaped with respect to the first axis of rotation 60a. [Example B2] In these cases, it is preferable that the two first protrusions 453 and the two second protrusions 463 face each other. In this case, for example, compared to the case belonging to [Example B1] but not to [Example B2] above, a greater tensile stress can be generated in the material M.

[0186] Preferably, the distal ends 453t of the two first protrusions 453 are respectively the first protrusion arcuate portions 453tc. Furthermore, it is preferable that the distal ends 463t of the two second protrusions 463 are respectively the second protrusion arcuate portions 463tc. [Example B3] In this case, it is preferable that there is a time when the second protrusion arcuate portion 463tc of each of the two second protrusions 463 faces the first protrusion arcuate portion 453tc of each of the two first protrusions 453. In this case, for example, compared to the case belonging to [Example B2] but not to [Example B3] described above, a greater tensile stress can be generated in the material M. It should be noted that the time when the protrusions 453 and 463 face each other can be simultaneous or separate. That is, the time when one side's first protrusion 453 and one side's second protrusion 463 face each other, and the time when the other side's first protrusion 453 and the other side's second protrusion 463 face each other, can be the same or different.

[0187] (Opposite direction of the concave portion)

[0188] As in Examples A1 to B3 above, when the first protrusion 453 faces the second protrusion 463, the first concave portion 257 faces the second concave portion 267 (see reference). Figure 15 and Figure 18 More specifically, the first recess 257, on which the first protrusion 453 is formed, and the second recess 267, on which the second protrusion 463 is formed, face each other. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an effect based on the facing of the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 (see the second embodiment).

[0189] As in Examples B1 to B3 above, the two first protrusions 453 face the two second protrusions 463, resulting in the middle recess 457a of the first recess 257 facing the middle recess 467a of the second recess 267. Furthermore, simultaneously with the middle recess 457a of the first recess 257 facing the middle recess 467a of the second recess 267, or after the middle recess 457a of the first recess 257 facing the middle recess 467a of the second recess 267, the outer recess 457c of the first recess 257 faces the outer recess 467c of the second recess 267. Therefore, in the case where the two first protrusions 453 face the second protrusions 463 respectively (see...) Figure 15 ), and the instrument has a first protrusion 453 and a second protrusion 463 facing each other (refer to Figure 18 Compared to the material M, which can take in more of the upper rotor gap Ay1.

[0190] Furthermore, even when the rotor 40 is provided with the first protrusion 453 and the second protrusion 463, there may be no time when the first protrusion 453 and the second protrusion 463 face each other. In this case, the effect produced by the presence of the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 can still be obtained (see the second embodiment).

[0191] (Depth of recess)

[0192] like Figure 15 As shown, the depth of the intermediate recess 457a is preferably a depth sufficient to achieve the effect generated by the first recess 257 (refer to the second embodiment). For example, the depth of the intermediate recess 457a is preferably a depth sufficient to accommodate the material M of the upper rotor gap Ay1. Specifically, as... Figure 16 As shown, the length d1 described below is preferably less than the length d2 described below, and more preferably less than 2 / 3 of the length d2. Length d1 is the minimum length in the first radial direction from the first pivot 50a to the intermediate recess 457a. Length d2 is the maximum length in the first radial direction from the first pivot 50a to the outer surface of the first base 452.

[0193] Similar to the depth of the intermediate recess 457a of the first recess 257, the depth of the intermediate recess 467a of the second recess 267 is preferably a depth sufficient to achieve the effect generated by the second recess 267 (refer to the second embodiment). Specifically, the length d3 described below is preferably less than the length d4 described below, and more preferably less than 2 / 3 of the length d4. The length d3 is the minimum length in the second radial direction from the second pivot 60a to the intermediate recess 467a. The length d4 is the maximum length in the second radial direction from the second pivot 60a to the outer surface of the second base 462.

[0194] (Analysis)

[0195] Figure 19 The velocity distribution of material M in the kneading device 401 is shown in the figure. Figure 20 and Figure 21 The particle distribution is shown in the diagram.

[0196] Here, by Figure 8 The results of the kneading device 201 shown are... Figure 13 The results of the kneading device 301 are compared to illustrate the analytical results of particle distribution of material M when observed along the Z-axis. Compared to kneading device 201, more particles remain at the upper rotor gap Ay1 in kneading device 301. The reason is as follows. Comparing kneading devices 201 and 301, the cross-sectional shapes of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 in the plane perpendicular to the Z-axis are approximately the same. However, as... Figure 11 As shown, the kneading device 301 and the kneading device 201 (refer to...) Figure 6 Unlike other recesses, the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 are twisted in shape. As a result, the portion of the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 that does not face each other increases. That is, in Figure 6 In the kneading device 201 shown, when the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 face each other at a certain position (first position) in the axial Z direction, the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 also face each other at another position (second position). On the other hand, in Figure 11 In the kneading device 301 shown, when the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 face each other at a certain position (first position) in the axial direction Z, at another position (second position), the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 do not face each other. Based on this result, it can be concluded that: Figure 13 As shown, the kneading device 301 and the kneading device 201 (refer to...) Figure 8 Compared to the previous method, the amount of material M remaining at the upper rotor gap Ayl increases, and the distribution of material M deteriorates.

[0197] Therefore, as Figure 15As shown, the kneading device 401 of this embodiment includes a first protrusion 453 and a second protrusion 463. The kneading device 401, and the kneading device 301 (see reference 301) Figure 10 In contrast, by having the first protrusion 453 and the first protrusion 463 present, more of the material M of the upper rotor gap Ay1 can be contained within the middle recess 457a and the middle recess 467a.

[0198] Figure 20 This is an example of the analytical results of particle distribution when the kneading device 401 is used. For example... Figure 20 As shown, with kneading device 301 (refer to) Figure 13 Compared to the previous method, in the kneading device 401, the residence of particles at the upper rotor gap Ay1 is suppressed (refer to the state where t / T = 3). Furthermore, in the kneading device 401, particle distribution to the first and second circumferential directions is promoted. In addition, Figure 21 The analytical results of particle distribution along the Z-axis are shown in the figure. Figure 21 As shown, the distribution of material M along the Z-axis is also promoted.

[0199] (Compare)

[0200] for Figure 22 The rotating blades of the comparative example shown are... Figure 17 The rotor 40 of the kneading device 401 shown was compared with the maximum shear stress and maximum tensile stress that can be generated in material M (refer to...). Figure 23 and Figure 24 The comparative example of a rotating blade (sometimes called a "mixer") is as follows: Figure 22 The image shown has three blades, but does not have... Figure 16 The first outer circumferential arc portion 51 and the second outer circumferential arc portion 61 are shown. It should be noted that... Figure 23 and Figure 24 The values ​​of maximum shear stress and maximum tensile stress shown are merely examples to facilitate comparisons of stress in each case, as well as comparisons of the magnitudes of maximum shear stress and maximum tensile stress.

[0201] (Comparison of shear stresses)

[0202] As a comparative example of the mixer (see reference) Figure 22 Examples of kneading material M are given in Examples D1 and D2 below. Example D1 is an example of kneading material M using a supercritical working fluid and a mixer from the comparative example. In Example D1, the mixer speed is 60 rpm. Example D2 is an example of kneading material M using a mixer from the comparative example without using a supercritical working fluid and under atmospheric pressure. In Example D2, the mixer speed is 60 rpm. Figure 23As shown, in example D1, material M generates approximately 1 / 3 of the shear stress of example D2.

[0203] As a use Figure 17 The examples shown for the rotor 40 kneading material M are illustrated in Examples E1 and E2 below. Examples E1 and E2 are examples using a supercritical working fluid and the rotor 40 kneading material M, respectively. The rotor 40's rotational speed is 60 rpm in Example E1 and 90 rpm in Example E2. Figure 23 As shown, the maximum shear stress in Example E1 is approximately the same as that in Example D1. The maximum shear stress in Example E2 is about 1.5 times that of Example E1. The maximum shear stress in Example E2 is less than that in Example D2, about half that of Example D2. This result indicates that even with an increase of 40 rotor speeds, the maximum shear stress will not increase significantly.

[0204] It should be noted that, Figure 23 The maximum stress Fmax shown in the figure is in the mixers of Examples D1 and D2, using the same... Figure 22 The rotating blades shown are different rotating blades, and the conditions such as the gap are adjusted. Under atmospheric pressure, the maximum shear stress that can be applied to material M is achieved when the material M is kneaded.

[0205] (Comparison of tensile stress)

[0206] Figure 24 The maximum tensile stress that can be generated in material M is shown in Examples D1, D2, E1, and E2 above. Figure 24 As shown, the maximum tensile stress of Example E1 is approximately 2.5 times that of Example D2. Furthermore, the maximum tensile stress of Example E2 is approximately 4 times that of Example D2. This is expressed as follows: compared to the mixer of the comparative example (see...) Figure 22 Compared to examples D1 and D2, rotor 40 exhibits larger tensile stresses in examples E1 and E2. Furthermore, in Figure 24 In the examples shown, the maximum tensile stress in example E2 and the maximum shear stress in example D2 (refer to...) Figure 23 They are roughly the same.

[0207] Figure 15 The effect of the kneading device 401 shown is as follows.

[0208] [Composition 5-1] The first recess 257 includes three recesses 457a and 457c arranged circumferentially along the first rotor 50. The portion between the three recesses 457a and 457c is formed as two first protrusions 453 protruding outward in the radial direction of the first rotor 50.

[0209] [Composition 5-2] The second recess 267 includes three recesses 467a and 467c arranged circumferentially along the second rotor 60. The portion between the three recesses 467a and 467c is formed as two second protrusions 463 protruding outward in the radial direction of the second rotor 60.

[0210] According to [Configuration 5-1] described above, the first protrusion 453 can move the material M in the upper rotor gap Ay1 between the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 as the first rotor 50 rotates. Furthermore, the material M in the upper rotor gap Ay1 can enter (retract) into the intermediate recess 457a of the first recess 257. And, as the first rotor 50 rotates, the intermediate recess 457a can move (retract) the material M into the lower rotor gap Ay2. Similarly, according to [Configuration 5-2] described above, as the second rotor 60 rotates, the intermediate recess 467a of the second recess 267 can move (retract) the material M in the upper rotor gap Ay1 into the lower rotor gap Ay2. Therefore, the amount of material M remaining in the upper rotor gap Ay1 can be reduced. Therefore, the kneading device 401 can further distribute the material M.

[0211] [Composition 6] The first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 are configured such that during the period when at least one of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 rotates one revolution, there is a time when the first convex portion 453 and the second convex portion 463 face each other between the first shaft 50a and the second shaft 60a.

[0212] According to the above [configuration 6], when the first protrusion 453 and the second protrusion 463 face each other, tensile stress can be generated in the material M in the gap between the first protrusion 453 and the second protrusion 463. Therefore, the kneading device 401 can better disperse the material M.

[0213] Furthermore, as the first protrusion 453 and the second protrusion 463 face each other, the first recess 257 with the first protrusion 453 and the first recess 267 with the second protrusion 463 face each other. Therefore, compared to the case where the first recess 257 and the second recess 267 do not face each other, more material M can be incorporated into the upper rotor gap Ay1. Therefore, the amount of material M remaining in the upper rotor gap Ay1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the kneading device 401 can further distribute the material M.

[0214] [Composition 7] The first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60 are configured such that, during the rotation of the first rotor 50 and the second rotor 60, two first protrusions 453 and two second protrusions 463 face each other between the first shaft 50a and the second shaft 60a.

[0215] Based on the above [configuration 7], compared with the configuration in which only one first protrusion 453 and one second protrusion 463 face each other (see...) Figure 18 Compared to the previous method, the time it takes for material M to pass through the gap between the first protrusion 453 and the second protrusion 463 is increased. Therefore, it is possible to increase the time for tensile stress to be generated in material M through the gap between the first protrusion 453 and the second protrusion 463.

[0216] Furthermore, both first protrusions 5453 face the second protrusion 463, resulting in the middle recess 457a of the first recess 257 facing the middle recess 467a of the second recess 267. Therefore, compared to the case where the middle recesses 457a and 467a do not face each other, more material M can be incorporated into the upper rotor gap Ay1. Thus, the amount of material M remaining in the upper rotor gap Ay1 can be further reduced. Therefore, the kneading device 401 can further distribute the material M.

[0217] [Composition 8] such as Figure 16 As shown, the distal end 453t of the first protrusion 453, when viewed along the axial direction Z, is arc-shaped with the first rotation axis 50a as the center. The distal end 453t of the first protrusion 453 is the outer end of the first protrusion 453 in the radial direction (first radial direction) of the first rotor 50. When viewed along the axial direction Z, the distal end 463t of the second protrusion 463, when viewed along the axial direction Z, is arc-shaped with the second rotation axis 60a as the center. The distal end 463t of the second protrusion 463 is the outer end of the second protrusion 463 in the radial direction (second radial direction) of the second rotor 60.

[0218] Based on the above [configuration 8] and [configuration 6], the following effects can be obtained. Compared with the case where the distal end 453t of the first protrusion 453 and the distal end 463t of the second protrusion 463 do not form the above-described arc shape, when the distal end 453t of the first protrusion 453 and the distal end 463t of the second protrusion 463 face each other (refer to...) Figure 15 This allows for more reliable generation of tensile stress in material M. Therefore, the kneading device 401 can further disperse material M.

[0219] When the above-described [configuration 8] and [configuration 7] are provided, the arc-shaped distal ends 453t of the two first protrusions 453 and the arc-shaped distal ends 463t of the two second protrusions 463 sometimes face each other (see reference). Figure 15 In this case, compared to the case where only one arc-shaped distal end 453t faces another arc-shaped distal end 463t, the time for tensile stress to be generated in the material M is increased in the gap between the distal end 453t of the first protrusion 453 and the distal end 463t of the second protrusion 463.

[0220] [Structure 9] The distal end portion 453t of the first protrusion 453 is part of the first outer peripheral arc portion 51. The distal end portion 463t of the second protrusion 463 is part of the second outer peripheral arc portion 61.

[0221] According to the above [configuration 9], compared with the case where the distal end 453t of the first protrusion 453 does not form the first outer peripheral arc portion 51, or the case where the distal end 463t of the second protrusion 463 does not form the second outer peripheral arc portion 61, a greater tensile stress can be generated in the material M.

[0222] [Composition 10] The length d1 described below is less than the length d2 described below. Length d1 is the minimum length in the radial direction (first radial direction) of the first rotor 50 from the first shaft 50a to the intermediate recess 457a of the first recess 257. Length d2 is the maximum length in the radial direction (first radial direction) of the first rotor 50 from the first shaft 50a to the outer periphery of the first base 452. The length d3 described below is less than the length d4 described below. Length d3 is the minimum length in the radial direction (second radial direction) of the first rotor 60 from the second shaft 60a to the intermediate recess 467a of the second recess 267. Length d4 is the maximum length in the radial direction (second radial direction) of the second rotor 60 from the second shaft 60a to the outer periphery of the second base 462.

[0223] Based on the above [configuration 10], the dimensions (depth) of the intermediate recess 457a of the first recess 257 and the dimensions (depth) of the intermediate recess 467a of the second recess 267 can be ensured. Therefore, it is possible to ensure that the upper rotor clearance Ay1 (refer to) is 46% of the intermediate recess 457a. Figure 15 The amount of material M. Therefore, Figure 15 The kneading device 401 shown can further reduce the amount of material M remaining in the upper rotor gap Ay1.

[0224] (Modified Example)

[0225] The above embodiments can be modified in various ways. For example, constituent elements (including variations) of different embodiments can be combined with each other. For example, variations of the above embodiments can be combined with each other in various ways. For example, the number of constituent elements (including variations) of the above embodiments can be changed, or a part of the constituent elements may be omitted. For example, the configuration of the constituent elements may be changed. For example, the inclusion relationship of the constituent elements can be changed in various ways. For example, an element described as a constituent element of a subordinate concept contained in a higher-level concept may not be included in the constituent elements of that higher-level concept, or it may be included in other constituent elements. For example, a component or part described as multiple different components or parts may also be a single component or part. For example, a component or part described as a single component or part may also be provided as multiple different components or parts. For example, each constituent element may only have a part of its respective features (function, configuration, shape, action, etc.).

[0226] Specifically, for example, Figure 15 The first rotor 50 shown may include a single first protrusion 453. Furthermore, for example, if the first rotor 50 includes the first protrusion 453, the intermediate recess 457a may not be provided. Furthermore, for example, if the first rotor 50 includes the first protrusion 453, the first recess 257 may not be formed in a spiral shape about the first shaft 50a as the central axis. Furthermore, if the first rotor 50 does not include the protruding first protrusion 453, the first rotor 50 may include two or more first recesses 257.

[0227] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-056189 filed on March 30, 2023, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0228] To illustrate the invention, it has been adequately and sufficiently described above with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, it should be recognized that modifications and / or improvements to the above embodiments can be readily made by those skilled in the art. Therefore, any modified or improved embodiments implemented by those skilled in the art, as long as they do not depart from the scope of protection of the claims, are to be interpreted as being included within the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A kneading device, characterized in that... include: A kneading chamber is a part in which materials are kneaded in the presence of a working fluid in a supercritical or subcritical state. The first rotor is disposed inside the kneading chamber and rotates about the first shaft. The second rotor is disposed inside the kneading chamber, parallel to and adjacent to the first rotor, and rotates about a second axis in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the first rotor. The first rotor includes a first outer circumferential arc portion. When viewed along the axial direction of the first rotating shaft, the first outer circumferential arc portion is an arc centered on the first rotating shaft, and the first outer circumferential arc portion is the outermost part of the first rotor in the radial direction. The second rotor includes a second outer circumferential arc portion. When viewed along the axial direction of the second rotation axis, the second outer circumferential arc portion is an arc centered on the second rotation axis, and the second outer circumferential arc portion is the outermost part of the second rotor in the radial direction. The length of the first outer circumferential arc portion in the circumferential direction of the first rotor is more than 1 / 2 of the total circumference of the first imaginary circle, and the first imaginary circle is an imaginary circle passing through the first outer circumferential arc portion and centered on the first rotation axis. The length of the second outer circumferential arc portion in the circumferential direction of the second rotor is more than 1 / 2 of the total circumference of the second imaginary circle. The second imaginary circle is an imaginary circle passing through the second outer circumferential arc portion and centered on the second rotation axis. The first outer peripheral arc portion and the second outer peripheral arc portion are configured such that during the period when at least one of the first rotor and the second rotor rotates one revolution, there is a time between the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft facing each other.

2. The kneading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The minimum interval between the first rotor and the second rotor is less than the minimum interval between the inner surface of the kneading chamber and the first rotor, and is also less than the minimum interval between the inner surface of the kneading chamber and the second rotor.

3. The kneading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first rotor includes a first recess, the first recess having a shape that is recessed inward in the radial direction of the first rotor. The second rotor includes a second recess having a shape that is recessed inward toward the radial direction of the second rotor.

4. The kneading device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first rotor and the second rotor are configured such that during the period when at least one of the first rotor and the second rotor rotates one revolution, there is a time when the first recess and the second recess face each other between the first shaft and the second shaft.

5. The kneading device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first recess includes three recesses arranged circumferentially along the first rotor. The portion between the three recesses is formed into two first protrusions that project outward in the radial direction of the first rotor. One of the three recesses is the middle recess located between the two first protrusions. The second recess includes three recesses arranged circumferentially along the second rotor. The portion between the three recesses in the second rotor is formed into two second protrusions that project outward in the radial direction of the second rotor. One of the three recesses in the second rotor is the middle recess located between the two second protrusions.

6. The kneading device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first rotor and the second rotor are configured such that during the period when at least one of the first rotor and the second rotor rotates one revolution, there is a time when the first protrusion and the second protrusion face each other between the first shaft and the second shaft.

7. The kneading device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first rotor and the second rotor are configured such that, during the rotation of the first rotor and the second rotor, the two first protrusions and the two second protrusions face each other between the first shaft and the second shaft.

8. The kneading device according to claim 6, characterized in that, When viewed along the axial direction of the first rotating shaft, the distal ends of the two first protrusions in the radial direction of the first rotor are arc-shaped with the first rotating shaft as the center. When viewed along the axial direction of the second rotating shaft, the distal ends of the two second protrusions in the radial direction of the second rotor are in an arc shape centered on the second rotating shaft.

9. The kneading device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The distal end of the first protrusion is a portion of the first outer peripheral arc portion. The distal end of the second protrusion is part of the second outer peripheral arc portion.

10. The kneading device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first rotor has: The first blade portion has an outer peripheral portion having the first recessed portion formed thereon; and The first base portion is adjacent to the first blade portion in the circumferential direction of the first rotor, and the first outer circumferential arc portion constitutes the outer circumferential portion. The second rotor has: The second blade portion has an outer peripheral portion having the second recess formed thereon; and The second base portion is adjacent to the second blade portion in the circumferential direction of the second rotor, and the second outer circumferential arc portion constitutes the outer circumferential portion. The minimum length of the first rotor in the radial direction from the first shaft to the intermediate recess of the first recess is less than the maximum length of the first rotor in the radial direction from the first shaft to the outer periphery of the first base. The minimum length of the second rotor in the radial direction from the second shaft to the middle recess of the second recess is less than the maximum length of the second rotor in the radial direction from the second shaft to the outer periphery of the second base.

11. The kneading device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first recess has a shape that is twisted in a specified twisting direction with the first axis of rotation as the center. The second recess has a shape that is twisted in a specified twisting direction with the second axis of rotation as the center.

12. The kneading device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The kneading chamber includes: The first rotor housing chamber has an inner circumferential surface centered on the first rotating shaft and houses the first rotor; The second rotor housing chamber has an inner circumferential surface centered on the second rotating shaft and houses the second rotor; and The upper chamber is adjacent to the upper side of the first rotor housing chamber and the second rotor housing chamber.

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