Array substrate, liquid crystal display panel and liquid crystal display device
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202480000361.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-14
AI Technical Summary
The existing LCD display panels have light leakage problems in dark states, which affects the improvement of contrast.
By increasing the coverage area of the common electrode layer on the array substrate, especially covering structures such as scanning traces and data traces, the influence of electric field is reduced, and the composition of the liquid crystal composition, including the slit structure and the design of the liquid crystal layer, reduce the amount of light leakage in the dark state.
It significantly reduces the amount of light leakage of the LCD panel in the dark state, improves the contrast and improves the display effect.
Smart Images
Figure CN120958978A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Array substrate, liquid crystal display panel, and liquid crystal display device Technical Field
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to an array substrate, a liquid crystal display panel, and a liquid crystal display device. Background Art
[0002] Currently, the market demand for high-contrast products is increasing, and manufacturers are developing related technologies. Light leakage in the dark state of liquid crystal display panels has a significant impact on contrast.
[0003] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field.
[0004] Summary of the Invention
[0005] The present disclosure aims to provide an array substrate, a liquid crystal display panel, and a liquid crystal display device, so as to improve the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
[0007] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an array substrate comprising a first base substrate, a source / drain metal layer, and a common electrode layer stacked in layers, and switch transistors and pixel electrodes arranged in an array;
[0008] The source-drain metal layer has a first conductive structure electrically connected to the second electrode of the switch transistor and the pixel electrode; and a region where the pixel electrode and the first conductive structure overlap is covered by the common electrode layer.
[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the array substrate has a scan line; the scan line has a protrusion, and the gate of the switch transistor is located on the protrusion;
[0010] The common electrode layer covers at least a portion of the protrusion.
[0011] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, edges of the protrusions are all covered by the common electrode layer.
[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the source-drain metal layer has a data line and a second conductive structure connected to the data line and the first electrode of the switch transistor;
[0013] A distance between an orthographic projection of an end of the second conductive structure away from the data wiring on the first substrate and an orthographic projection of the common electrode layer on the first substrate is not greater than 2.9 microns.
[0014] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a distance between an orthographic projection of an end of the second conductive structure away from the data line on the first substrate and an orthographic projection of the common electrode layer on the first substrate is not greater than 0.5 microns.
[0015] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the source-drain metal layer has a data line and a second conductive structure connected to the data line and the first electrode of the switch transistor;
[0016] A distance between an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the first substrate and an orthographic projection of the common electrode layer on the first substrate is no greater than 2.9 micrometers.
[0017] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a distance between an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the first substrate and an orthographic projection of the common electrode layer on the first substrate is not greater than 0.5 micrometers.
[0018] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the source-drain metal layer has a data line, and the first electrode of the switch transistor is electrically connected to the data line;
[0019] The angle between the data line and the column direction is between 0° and 7°.
[0020] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the source-drain metal layer has a touch line for transmitting a touch signal; and the angle between the touch line and the column direction is between 0° and 7°.
[0021] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the common electrode layer has a slit structure, and the slit structure is arranged to overlap with the pixel electrode;
[0022] The included angle between the extending direction of the slits in the slit structure and the column direction is 5° to 11°.
[0023] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a liquid crystal display panel is provided, comprising the array substrate and the color filter substrate arranged in a cell-to-cell manner, and a liquid crystal layer located between the array substrate and the color filter substrate.
[0024] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the color filter substrate includes a second base substrate, a black matrix, a color filter layer and an organic protective layer stacked in sequence; wherein the thickness of the organic protective layer is not less than 0.86 to 1.54 times the thickness of the black matrix.
[0025] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickness of the organic protective layer is in the range of 1.3 to 2.3 micrometers; the thickness of the black matrix is in the range of 1.1 to 1.5 micrometers.
[0026] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal composition, the optical refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition is between 0.085 and 0.11; and the elastic constant of the liquid crystal composition is not less than 20.
[0027] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the liquid crystal composition, the total mass content of the monomer containing a dibenzothiophene structure and the monomer containing a dibenzofuran structure is between 2% and 15%.
[0028] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the liquid crystal composition, the total mass content of the negative monomers is between 40% and 48%.
[0029] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the negative monomer includes multiple types of the following monomers:
[0030] Wherein, R and R' of any one monomer are independently selected from: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, trifluoromethyl, propen-1-yl, 2-propenyl, 1,2-butadienyl, buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, 3-pentenyl, hexylvinyl, hexylbutenyl, p-tolyl, 1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-pentyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-butyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-(4-propylcyclohexan-1-yl)-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-propyl-1-oxane-2-yl, 5-ethyl-1-oxane-2-yl.
[0031] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the liquid crystal composition includes a first type of negative monomer, a second type of negative monomer, and a third type of negative monomer;
[0032] The first type of negative monomer is selected from the compounds shown in the following structural formula:
[0033] The second type of negative monomer is selected from the compounds shown in the following structural formula:
[0034] The third type of negative monomer is selected from the compounds shown in the following structural formula:
[0035] Wherein, the mass content of the first type of negative monomer does not exceed 50% of the mass content of the second type of negative monomer, or does not exceed 50% of the mass content of the third type of negative monomer;
[0036] The mass content of the second type of negative monomer is 90% to 110% of the mass content of the third type of negative monomer.
[0037] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a liquid crystal display device is provided, comprising the above-mentioned liquid crystal display panel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the specification, are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.
[0039] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display panel in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of a liquid crystal display panel in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display panel in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG4-1 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a gate layer of an array substrate in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG4-2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a source / drain metal layer of an array substrate in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG4-3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a common electrode layer of an array substrate in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG4-4 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a pixel electrode layer of an array substrate in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0046] 4-5 are schematic diagrams of the partial structures of the gate layer and the source-drain metal layer of the array substrate in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0047] 4-6 are schematic diagrams of the partial structures of the source / drain metal layer, the pixel electrode layer, and the common electrode layer of the array substrate in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0048] 4-7 are schematic diagrams of partial structures of a gate layer and a common electrode layer of an array substrate in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG5-1 is a light leakage simulation diagram of a local area of a display panel in a dark state in the related art.
[0050] Figure 5-2 is a light leakage simulation diagram of a local area of the liquid crystal display panel in a dark state when the distance between the orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the first base substrate and the orthographic projection of the common electrode layer on the first base substrate is equal to 2.9 microns in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0051] Figure 5-3 is a light leakage simulation diagram of a local area of the liquid crystal display panel in a dark state when the distance between the orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the first base substrate and the orthographic projection of the common electrode layer on the first base substrate is equal to 1.3 microns in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0052] Figure 5-4 is a light leakage simulation diagram of a local area of the liquid crystal display panel in a dark state when the distance between the orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the first base substrate and the orthographic projection of the common electrode layer on the first base substrate is equal to 0.5 microns in one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIG6 is a diagram showing the relative positions of data traces, touch traces, and protrusions on an array substrate in one embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0054] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals in the figures represent identical or similar structures, and thus their detailed descriptions will be omitted. Furthermore, the figures are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0055] Although relative terms such as "upper" and "lower" are used in this specification to describe the relationship of one illustrated component to another, these terms are used herein for convenience only, such as in accordance with the orientation of the illustrations in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that if the illustrated device were flipped upside down, the component described as "upper" would become the component "lower." When a structure is referred to as "on" another structure, this may mean that the structure is integrally formed with the other structure, that the structure is "directly" disposed on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" disposed on the other structure via the other structure.
[0056] The terms "a", "an", "the", "said" and "at least one" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms "including" and "having" are used to express open-ended inclusion and mean that additional elements / components / etc. may be present in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms "first", "second" and "third" etc. are used only as labels and are not intended to limit the quantity of their objects.
[0057] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transistor is a thin film transistor, which includes an active layer, a gate insulating layer and a gate that are stacked. The active layer is located in the semiconductor layer, and the active layer includes a channel region and a source and a drain located on both sides of the channel region. The channel region maintains semiconductor properties, and the source and the drain are both conductorized. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, when using transistors with opposite polarities or when the direction of current changes during circuit operation, the functions of the "source" and the "drain" are sometimes interchanged, that is, the "source" and the "drain" can be interchanged. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, for any transistor, one of the "source" and the "drain" is referred to as the first electrode of the transistor, and the other is referred to as the second electrode of the transistor.
[0058] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid crystal display panel (PNL) in one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to Figure 1 , the liquid crystal display panel (PNL) provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure includes an array substrate (ARR) and a color filter substrate (CF) arranged in a cell-like arrangement, and a liquid crystal layer (LC) positioned between the array substrate (ARR) and the color filter substrate (CF). In some examples, a frame sealant (FSA) surrounding the liquid crystal layer (LC) may be further disposed between the array substrate (ARR) and the color filter substrate (CF). The frame sealant (FSA), the array substrate (ARR) and the color filter substrate (CF) collectively form a liquid crystal cell for accommodating the liquid crystal layer (LC).
[0059] FIG2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a liquid crystal display panel in one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG2 , the liquid crystal display panel is provided with an array of pixel units, each of which includes a pixel electrode PIXP, a common electrode COMP corresponding to the pixel electrode PIXP, and a switching transistor SW that drives the pixel electrode PIXP. By controlling the electric field strength between the pixel electrode PIXP and the common electrode COMP, the degree of twisting or protrusion of the liquid crystal within the range corresponding to the pixel electrode PIXP can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the polarization direction of polarized light passing through the liquid crystal, and ultimately adjusting the light output rate of the liquid crystal display panel PNL within the range corresponding to the pixel electrode PIXP.
[0060] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the materials of the pixel electrode PIXP and the common electrode COMP are both transparent conductive materials, for example, both are indium tin oxide (ITO) or other transparent conductive metal oxide materials, that is, the pixel electrode PIXP and the common electrode COMP are both transparent electrodes. It will be understood that in some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the material of at least one of the pixel electrode PIXP and the common electrode COMP may also be other conductive materials. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the film layer provided with the common electrode COMP is referred to as the common electrode layer COML, and the film layer provided with the pixel electrode PIXP is referred to as the pixel electrode layer.
[0061] Referring to Figure 2, the array substrate ARR includes a scanning line GL for loading a scanning signal to the switching transistor SW and a data line DL for loading a driving voltage to the switching transistor SW; each scanning line GL and each data line DL define a plurality of pixel areas, and the pixel electrode PIXP and the common electrode COMP are at least partially arranged in the pixel area. Under the control of the scanning signal, the switching transistor SW can load the driving voltage loaded on the data line DL to the pixel electrode PIXP, thereby controlling the deflection of the liquid crystal on the pixel area corresponding to the pixel electrode PIXP. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, for the sake of convenience, the direction in which the scanning line GL extends as a whole is referred to as the row direction, and the direction in which the data line DL extends as a whole is referred to as the column direction. In one example, the row direction and the column direction are perpendicular. In one example, the array substrate ARR can be provided with a gate layer and a source-drain metal layer; the scanning line GL can be provided in the gate layer and the data line DL can be provided in the source-drain metal layer.
[0062] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the gate layer is further provided with common electrode lines CL, and each common electrode COMP can be electrically connected to the common electrode lines CL through vias. Furthermore, the common electrode lines CL extend along the row direction, so that the common electrodes COMP in the same row are electrically connected to each other.
[0063] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, one of the common electrode COMP and the pixel electrode PIXP is provided with a slit to form a slit structure SLS. For example, in the example of Figure 3, the common electrode COMP is provided with a slit structure SLS, and the slit structure SLS is provided with a slit. In this way, a fringe electric field is formed between the common electrode COMP and the pixel electrode PIXP. Further, referring to Figures 4-6, the common electrode layer COML has an avoidance gap, which exposes the switching transistor SW; in other words, the orthographic projection of the switching transistor SW on the plane where the array substrate ARR is located is located within the orthographic projection of the avoidance gap on the plane where the array substrate ARR is located. In this way, mutual electrical interference between the common electrode COMP and the switching transistor SW can be avoided. Furthermore, the sub-pixels of the liquid crystal display panel PNL adopt a HADS (High-performance Advanced Super Dimension switch) pixel structure.
[0064] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the color filter substrate CF includes a second base substrate SBTB, a black matrix BM, a color filter layer and an organic protective layer stacked in sequence; wherein the black matrix BM covers metal lines such as data lines DL and scan lines GL. The black matrix BM has a light-transmitting outlet, and the color filter layer has color filter units (such as red color resist blocks, green color resist blocks or blue color resist blocks) corresponding to each sub-pixel, and the color filter units fill the corresponding light-transmitting windows. The organic protective layer can improve the flatness of the color filter substrate CF. In one example, the organic protective layer can be formed with an orientation layer. In another example, the organic protective layer can be formed with a support column, which is used to support the thickness of the liquid crystal box. Of course, an additional film layer can be provided outside the organic protective layer to form an orientation layer or a support column.
[0065] In the related art, the common electrode COMP is not provided in the region where the pixel electrode PIXP is electrically connected to the switching transistor SW. Signals on the data lines DL and scan lines GL generate an electric field in this region, causing light leakage in the dark state, which is detrimental to improving the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel PNL. For example, in the related art, the source / drain metal layer includes a first conductive structure electrically connected to the second electrode of the switching transistor and the pixel electrode; the common electrode layer COML is not provided in the region where the pixel electrode overlaps the first conductive structure. As shown in the simulation in Figure 5-1, this sub-pixel exhibits significant light leakage in the dark state.
[0066] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the coverage area of the common electrode layer COML can be increased to shield the electric field from lines such as the scan lines GL and the data lines DL, thereby better eliminating pixel light leakage caused by the electric field. Referring to Figure 3 , the array substrate comprises a first base substrate SBTA, a source / drain metal layer SD, and a common electrode layer COML in a stacked arrangement. Referring to Figures 4-5 and 4-6 , the source / drain metal layer comprises a first conductive structure SDA electrically connected to the second electrode of the switching transistor SW and the pixel electrode PIXP; the area where the pixel electrode PIXP overlaps with the first conductive structure SDA is covered by the common electrode layer COML. This increases the coverage area of the common electrode layer COML, improving shielding of the electric field on the data lines DL and the scan lines GL, thereby helping to reduce light leakage from the liquid crystal display panel PNL in the dark state.
[0067] Optionally, referring to Figures 4-7, the array substrate ARR includes a scan line GL, which includes a protrusion GA. The gate of the switching transistor SW is located within the protrusion GA. The common electrode layer COML covers at least a portion of the protrusion GA. This allows the common electrode layer COML to extend its coverage area close to the switching transistor SW, further expanding the coverage area of the common electrode layer COML and reducing light leakage from the liquid crystal display panel PNL in the dark state. Furthermore, the edges of the protrusion GA are all covered by the common electrode layer COML.
[0068] In one example, the source / drain metal layer includes a data line DL and a second conductive structure SDB connected to the data line DL and the first electrode of the switching transistor SW (located in the semiconductor layer, not shown in the figure). The spacing between the orthographic projection of the end of the second conductive structure SDB away from the data line DL on the first substrate SBTA and the orthographic projection of the common electrode layer COML on the first substrate SBTA is no greater than 2.9 microns. Furthermore, the spacing between the orthographic projection of the second conductive structure SDB on the first substrate SBTA and the orthographic projection of the common electrode layer COML on the first substrate SBTA is no greater than 2.9 microns.
[0069] In a further example, a distance between an orthographic projection of an end of the second conductive structure SDB away from the data trace DL on the first substrate SBTA and an orthographic projection of the common electrode layer COML on the first substrate SBTA is no greater than 0.5 microns. Furthermore, a distance between an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure SDB on the first substrate SBTA and an orthographic projection of the common electrode layer COML on the first substrate SBTA is no greater than 0.5 microns.
[0070] Figure 5-2 is a light leakage simulation diagram of the liquid crystal display panel PNL in a dark state when the spacing between the orthographic projection of the second conductive structure SDB on the first substrate SBTA and the orthographic projection of the common electrode layer COML on the first substrate SBTA is equal to 2.9 microns. The light leakage amount is 15.51% (relative to the normalized data of Figure 5-1); Figure 5-3 is a light leakage simulation diagram of the liquid crystal display panel PNL in a dark state when the spacing between the orthographic projection of the second conductive structure SDB on the first substrate SBTA and the orthographic projection of the common electrode layer COML on the first substrate SBTA is equal to 1.3 microns. The light leakage amount is 9.09% (relative to the normalized data of Figure 5-1); Figure 5-4 is a light leakage simulation diagram of the liquid crystal display panel PNL in a dark state when the spacing between the orthographic projection of the second conductive structure SDB on the first substrate SBTA and the orthographic projection of the common electrode layer COML on the first substrate SBTA is equal to 0.5 microns. The light leakage amount is 0.63% (relative to the normalized data of Figure 5-1). In the simulation, it was found that the sub-pixel in Figure 5-4 basically does not leak light in the dark state; further calculations found that the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel PNL can be improved by 150 to 200.
[0071] According to the simulation results, it can be seen that by maximizing the coverage area of the common electrode layer COML, the amount of dark-state light leakage can be reduced, thereby facilitating improvement of the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel PNL.
[0072] In one example, adjacent common electrodes COMP in the same column and adjacent common electrodes COMP in the same row can be directly connected to form a whole, thereby maximizing the coverage area of the common electrode layer. Furthermore, the common electrode layer can be a whole-surface electrode provided with slits and avoidance notches, and the whole-surface electrode covers the display area of the liquid crystal display panel.
[0073] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the capacitance between different conductive structures on the array substrate ARR is also simulated. Tables 1-1 and 1-2 show the capacitance between different structures of the array substrate ARR in the on and off states in the related art. Tables 2-1 and 2-2 show the capacitance between different structures of the array substrate ARR in the on and off states in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; in this exemplary embodiment, the spacing between the orthographic projection of the second conductive structure SDB on the first substrate SBTA and the orthographic projection of the common electrode layer COML on the first substrate SBTA is equal to 0.5 microns.
[0074] Table 1-1: Capacitance between structures on the array substrate
[0075] Table 1-2: Capacitance between structures on the array substrate
[0076] Table 2-1: Capacitance between structures on the array substrate
[0077] Table 2-2: Capacitance between structures on the array substrate
[0078] In Table 1-1, Table 1-2, Table 2-1, and Table 2-2, COMP is the common electrode; PIXP is the pixel electrode; DL is the data line; and GL is the scan line.
[0079] It can be seen from Tables 1-1, 1-2, 2-1 and 2-2 that although the embodiment of the present disclosure increases the coverage area of the common electrode layer COML, the capacitance between the various structures on the array substrate ARR is not significantly affected and can still meet the product requirements of the liquid crystal display panel PNL.
[0080] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the array substrate ARR includes a first base substrate SBTA, a source-drain metal layer (see FIG4-2), a pixel electrode layer (see FIG4-4) and a common electrode layer COML (see FIG4-3) stacked in sequence. Referring to FIG4-6, the pixel electrode PIXP on the pixel electrode layer has a connecting segment, and the connecting segment of the pixel electrode PIXP overlaps the first conductive structure SDA; a first insulating layer PVX is provided between the pixel electrode layer and the common electrode layer COML to avoid a short circuit between the common electrode COMP and the pixel electrode PIXP. In this way, electrical connection can be achieved while increasing the coverage area of the common electrode layer COML. In one example, the material of the first insulating layer PVX is an inorganic insulating material, such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide. In another example, the first insulating layer PVX may also be made of an organic insulating material, or a composite material of an organic material and an inorganic material.
[0081] In this embodiment, no additional insulating layer is provided between the pixel electrode layer and the source / drain metal layer, so that the pixel electrode can be overlapped on the first conductive structure. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, a second insulating layer may be provided between the pixel electrode layer and the source / drain metal layer, and the pixel electrode is electrically connected to the first conductive structure through a via located on the second insulating layer. For example, in one example, the array substrate ARR includes a first substrate SBTA, a source / drain metal layer, a second insulating layer, a pixel electrode layer, a first insulating layer, and a common electrode layer COML stacked in sequence. Among them, the source / drain metal layer may be provided with a data line DL and a touch line TL (see FIG6 ); due to the provision of the second insulating layer, at least one of the data line DL and the touch line TL may overlap with the pixel electrode without a short circuit. Of course, either the data line DL or the touch line TL may not overlap with the pixel electrode.
[0082] It can be understood that the array substrate ARR also includes a gate layer (see Figure 4-1) and a semiconductor layer, the gate layer is formed with a scan line GL, and the semiconductor layer is formed with an active layer of the switching transistor SW, the active layer including the channel region of the switching transistor SW and the first electrode of the switching transistor SW (located in the semiconductor layer, not shown in the figure) and the second electrode of the switching transistor SW (located in the semiconductor layer, not shown in the figure) located on both sides of the channel region of the switching transistor SW. Among them, the second electrode of the switching transistor SW can be electrically connected to the first conductive structure SDA, for example, the first conductive structure SDA is overlapped with the second electrode of the switching transistor SW; the first electrode of the switching transistor SW can be electrically connected to the second conductive structure SDB, for example, the second conductive structure SDB is overlapped with the first electrode of the switching transistor SW. In one example, the channel region of the switching transistor SW is U-shaped, and the first electrode of the switching transistor SW can also be U-shaped, which makes the second conductive structure SDB also U-shaped.
[0083] In one example, from the perspective of film layer structure, the array substrate ARR includes a first base substrate SBTA, a gate layer, a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer, a source / drain metal layer, a pixel electrode layer, a first insulating layer PVX, and a common electrode layer COML, which are stacked in sequence. Of course, an alignment layer or a support pillar layer may also be provided on the side of the common electrode layer COML away from the first base substrate SBTA.
[0084] In this example, no insulating layer is provided between the semiconductor layer and the source / drain metal layer; the source / drain metal layer is overlapped on the semiconductor layer. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, a third insulating layer may be provided between the semiconductor layer and the source / drain metal layer, with the first conductive structure electrically connected to the second electrode of the switching transistor SW via a via located in the third insulating layer, and the second conductive structure electrically connected to the first electrode of the switching transistor SW via a via located in the third insulating layer.
[0085] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIG6 , the angle between the data line DL and the column direction DV is between 0 and 7°. In this way, the slit of the slit structure SLS can be set close to the vertical direction (that is, the angle between the slit and the column direction is small), reducing the influence of the metal depolarization phenomenon on the resolution. Specifically, the extension direction of the slit is often close to the setting direction of the data line DL, and the metal has a depolarization phenomenon, and the closer the extension direction of the slit is to the row direction or the column direction, the weaker the depolarization phenomenon. Therefore, reducing the angle between the data line DL and the column direction is conducive to reducing the angle between the slit and the column direction, and then helping to reduce the depolarization phenomenon, which is conducive to improving the contrast. Not only that, the reduction of the angle between the data line DL and the column direction is also conducive to reducing the depolarization phenomenon of the data line DL itself, which is conducive to improving the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel.
[0086] Table 3 shows simulated data of the polarization degree of the outgoing light and the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel PNL when the angle between the data line DL and the column direction (referred to as the data line angle in Table 3) is different in a simulation of an example of the present disclosure.
[0087] Table 3 Relationship between data trace angle and contrast
[0088] It can be seen from Table 3 that the smaller the angle between the data line DL and the column direction, the better the polarization degree of the outgoing light, and the higher the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel PNL.
[0089] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the source-drain metal layer has a touch line TL for transmitting touch signals; the angle between the touch line TL and the column direction is between 0 and 7 degrees. In this embodiment, the depolarization phenomenon of the touch line TL can be reduced by making the angle between the touch line TL and the column direction smaller. In particular, when the touch line TL overlaps with the pixel electrode, the touch line TL passes through the pixel area; if the angle between the touch line and the column direction is larger, it will cause more obvious light leakage in the pixel area in the dark state; and when the touch line TL is set more vertically (the angle with the column direction is smaller), the light leakage of the touch line TL in the dark state caused by the depolarization is significantly reduced.
[0090] In one example, referring to FIG. 6 , the touch line TL is substantially perpendicular to the row direction, that is, the touch line TL is substantially parallel to the column direction, for example, the angle between the touch line TL and the column direction is zero.
[0091] The disclosed embodiments were also subjected to verification tests. In the control panel, the touch traces are arranged in parallel with the data traces, and both have an acute angle between them in the column direction. The touch traces pass through the pixel area; in the dark state, the area through which the touch traces pass has obvious light leakage. In the experimental panel, the touch traces are not arranged in parallel with the data traces. The data traces in the experimental panel are consistent with the data traces in the control panel, but the touch traces in the experimental panel are arranged parallel to the column direction. Although the touch traces still pass through the pixel area, the light leakage caused in the dark state is significantly reduced. In the verification test, it was found that the contrast of the verification panel was improved by 40% compared to the reference panel.
[0092] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the liquid crystal composition forming the liquid crystal layer is also optimized to further improve the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel PNL and achieve coordination between the liquid crystal composition and the pixel structure (such as a slit structure, etc.).
[0093] In one example of this embodiment, the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal composition having an optical refractive index anisotropy between 0.085 and 0.11, and an elastic constant of not less than 20. This ensures the low-temperature stability of the liquid crystal composition while enabling the liquid crystal display panel PNL to achieve a high contrast ratio.
[0094] In one example of this embodiment, the total weight content of dibenzothiophene-containing monomers and dibenzofuran-containing monomers in the liquid crystal composition is between 2% and 15%. In this example, dibenzothiophene-containing monomers and dibenzofuran-containing monomers, particularly dibenzothiophene-containing monomers, have the advantages of high polarity and fast response time. Adding such monomers to the liquid crystal composition can reduce the overall proportion of negative monomers in the liquid crystal composition. During the synthesis of negative liquid crystal monomers, auxiliary agents are difficult to separate, resulting in low mixed crystal quality and high impurity content. Furthermore, the different electron cloud distribution of negative monomers gives them higher ion affinity, making them more likely to generate / adsorb impurity ions, leading to poor IS (afterimage). In this example, reducing the proportion of negative monomers helps improve the reliability of the entire liquid crystal composition. In this example, the total weight content of dibenzothiophene-containing monomers and dibenzofuran-containing monomers does not exceed 15%, which can avoid potential performance degradation caused by the instability of such monomers. Furthermore, in the liquid crystal composition, the total mass content of the monomer containing a dibenzothiophene structure and the monomer containing a dibenzofuran structure does not exceed 9%.
[0095] Furthermore, in this example, reducing the negative monomer content can increase the neutral monomer content in the liquid crystal composition. For example, this facilitates the addition of more neutral, low-viscosity monomers to the liquid crystal composition, thereby reducing the rotational viscosity of the liquid crystal composition. For another example, adding more neutral, high-elastic-constant monomers to the liquid crystal composition can result in a faster response time.
[0096] In one example, the total mass content of the negative monomers in the liquid crystal composition is between 40% and 48%. Thus, a lower content of negative monomers in the liquid crystal composition can improve the reliability of the liquid crystal composition.
[0097] In one example of this embodiment, the negative monomer includes multiple monomers of the following types:
[0098] wherein R and R' of any one monomer are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, trifluoromethyl, propen-1-yl, 2-propenyl, 1,2-butadienyl, buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, 3-pentenyl, hexylvinyl, hexylbutenyl, p-tolyl, 1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-pentyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-butyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-(4-propylcyclohexan-1-yl)-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-propyl-1-oxane-2-yl, and 5-ethyl-1-oxane-2-yl.
[0099] Furthermore, the liquid crystal composition includes a first type of negative monomer, a second type of negative monomer, and a third type of negative monomer;
[0100] The first type of negative monomer is selected from the compounds shown in the following structural formula:
[0101] The second type of negative monomer is selected from the compounds shown in the following structural formula:
[0102] The third type of negative monomer is selected from the compounds shown in the following structural formula:
[0103] Wherein, the mass content of the first type of negative monomer does not exceed 50% of the mass content of the second type of negative monomer, or does not exceed 50% of the mass content of the third type of negative monomer;
[0104] The mass content of the second type of negative monomer is 90% to 110% of the mass content of the third type of negative monomer.
[0105] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the liquid crystal composition further comprises neutral monomers. These neutral monomers include a first type of neutral monomer and a second type of neutral monomer, with the first type of neutral monomer comprising 10% to 40% by weight and the second type of neutral monomer comprising 3% to 15% by weight. These neutral monomers can impart a suitable negativity to the negative liquid crystal composition, ensuring that the negative liquid crystal composition's electric field response characteristics meet the requirements.
[0106] Optionally, the first type of neutral monomer includes at least one of the monomers shown in the following chemical formula:
[0107] The first type of monomer has the characteristics of low viscosity and fast response.
[0108] Optionally, the second type of neutral monomer includes at least one of the monomers represented by the following chemical formula:
[0109] Wherein, R and R' of any one monomer are independently selected from: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, trifluoromethyl, propen-1-yl, 2-propenyl, 1,2-butadienyl, buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, 3-pentenyl, hexylvinyl, hexylbutenyl, p-tolyl, 1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-pentyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-butyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-(4-propylcyclohexan-1-yl)-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-propyl-1-oxane-2-yl, 5-ethyl-1-oxane-2-yl.
[0110] It is understood that one or more liquid crystal monomers with medium negative properties (negative and medium polarity) and large refractive index are added to the negative liquid crystal composition to compensate for the material properties of the negative liquid crystal composition and offset the changes in material properties caused by the reduction in the content of the negative monomer. This can prevent the overall properties of the negative liquid crystal composition from changing significantly, such as maintaining a low response time and a substantially similar n e 、n o In the embodiment of the present disclosure, each specificity Δn(n e -n o )>0.12 is used as a standard for a liquid crystal monomer or a liquid crystal composition to have a large refractive index.
[0111] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the negative liquid crystal composition may contain a relatively low amount of an antioxidant. For example, the antioxidant content may be less than 0.05%. This can improve the light and heat stability of the negative liquid crystal composition and reduce the risk of residual images caused by aging byproducts of the negative liquid crystal composition. In one example, the antioxidant is a hindered phenol stabilizer, which can inhibit free radical polymerization and block the oxidative damage of free radicals to the monomers in the negative liquid crystal composition.
[0112] Optionally, the antioxidant includes at least one of the following chemical formulas:
[0113] Wherein, R and R' of any one monomer are independently selected from: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, trifluoromethyl, propen-1-yl, 2-propenyl, 1,2-butadienyl, buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, 3-pentenyl, hexylvinyl, hexylbutenyl, p-tolyl, 1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-pentyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-butyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-(4-propylcyclohexan-1-yl)-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-propyl-1-oxane-2-yl, 5-ethyl-1-oxane-2-yl.
[0114] Table 5 shows the test results of the performance of four different liquid crystal compositions in one embodiment of the present disclosure. Tables 6 to 9 show the monomer compositions of the four different liquid crystal compositions.
[0115] Table 5 Characteristics of different liquid crystal compositions
[0116] Among them, Tni is the clearing point;
[0117] Δn is the optical refractive index anisotropy; Δn = n e -n o ;
[0118] n e is the refractive index of the liquid crystal on the extraordinary axis;
[0119] n o is the refractive index of the liquid crystal on the ordinary axis;
[0120] Δnd is the delay amount;
[0121] △ε is the dielectric constant; △ε=ε∥-ε⊥;
[0122] ε∥ is the dielectric constant component along the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules;
[0123] ε⊥ is the dielectric constant component perpendicular to the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules;
[0124] K11 is the elastic constant of splay deformation;
[0125] K33 is the elastic constant of bending deformation;
[0126] γ1 is the rotational viscosity;
[0127] Trans is transmittance;
[0128] GTG is the response time;
[0129] Vop is voltage;
[0130] CR is contrast ratio.
[0131] Table 6: Monomers and mass contents of the first liquid crystal composition LC-A
[0132] Table 7: Monomers and mass contents of the second liquid crystal composition LC-B
[0133] The second liquid crystal composition LC-B is a comparative negative liquid crystal composition. The mass content of the negative monomer in the second liquid crystal composition LC-B is 53.9%, so that the second liquid crystal composition LC-B has a large polarity.
[0134] Table 8: Monomers and mass contents of the third liquid crystal composition LC-C
[0135] The third liquid crystal composition LC-C contains a dibenzothiophene monomer (a monomer containing dibenzothiophene), which is a negative liquid crystal composition of the embodiment of the present disclosure as a verification negative liquid crystal composition. The mass content of this monomer in the third liquid crystal composition LC-C is 6.6%, and the mass content of the negative monomer in the third liquid crystal composition LC-C is 40.9%. In the third liquid crystal composition LC-C, this monomer has a very high polarity and a fast response, and the polarity of the remaining monomers is smaller than this monomer. This monomer makes the third liquid crystal composition LC-C have a large polarity, good electric field response characteristics, and a better response time.
[0136] Table 9: Monomers and mass contents of the fourth liquid crystal composition LC-D
[0137] The fourth liquid crystal composition LC-D has a dibenzothiophene monomer (a monomer containing dibenzothiophene), which is a negative liquid crystal composition of the embodiment of the present disclosure as a verification negative liquid crystal composition. The mass content of this monomer in the fourth liquid crystal composition LC-D is 8.4%, and the mass content of the negative monomer in the fourth liquid crystal composition LC-D is 46.8%. In the fourth liquid crystal composition LC-D, this monomer has a very high polarity and a fast response, and the polarity of the remaining monomers is smaller than this monomer. This monomer makes the fourth liquid crystal composition LC-D have a large polarity, good electric field response characteristics, and a better response time.
[0138] On the one hand, the fourth liquid crystal composition improves the product transmittance Trans by increasing △n, and on the other hand, it increases the K value based on the third liquid crystal composition to continuously improve the contrast CR. At the same time, it reduces the response time GTG by optimizing γ1 and K, achieving a balance between various specifications.
[0139] One embodiment of the present disclosure also tests the effect of the angle between the slit and the column direction (referred to as the slit angle in the present disclosure) on various properties. The results are shown in Table 10.
[0140] Table 10 Relationship between liquid crystal material and pixel slit angle
[0141] It can be seen from Table 10 that when the fourth liquid crystal composition LC-D is used, when the angle between the extension direction of the slit and the column direction is 7°, the best balance can be achieved among transmittance, voltage, response time and contrast.
[0142] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the black matrix BM covers the data lines DL, the scanning lines GL, etc., so as to prevent the data lines DL and the scanning lines GL from reflecting light.
[0143] Furthermore, the black matrix BM can cover edges of the common electrode COMP and the pixel electrode PIXP, thereby preventing light reflection from the pixel edges, ensuring normal display of the liquid crystal display panel PNL, and improving the display quality of the liquid crystal display panel PNL.
[0144] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, increasing the thickness of the black matrix BM can increase the absorbance of the black matrix BM, thereby reducing the dark state brightness L0 (i.e., the brightness when the grayscale is 0), thereby improving the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel PNL. The inventors have found that increasing the thickness of the black matrix BM will cause the corner step difference after the color filter layer is completed to increase, thereby causing the flatness of the color filter substrate CF to decrease, affecting the liquid crystal arrangement of the liquid crystal layer LC, and easily causing pixel light leakage in the dark state. In this embodiment, by increasing the thickness of the organic protective layer, the flatness of the substrate can be improved, thereby reducing pixel light leakage and improving contrast.
[0145] In one example, the thickness of the organic protective layer is not less than 0.86 times the thickness of the black matrix BM, for example, the thickness of the organic protective layer is 0.86 to 1.54 times the thickness of the black matrix. Furthermore, the thickness of the organic protective layer is not less than 1.33 times the thickness of the black matrix BM, for example, the thickness of the organic protective layer is 1.33 to 1.54 times the thickness of the black matrix.
[0146] In an example, the thickness of the organic protection layer is in the range of 1.3 to 2.3 micrometers; the thickness of the black matrix BM is in the range of 1.1 to 1.5 micrometers.
[0147] As follows, the embodiment of the present disclosure discloses the contrast change when selecting black matrices BM with different thicknesses and liquid crystal layers LC with different thicknesses, so as to verify the optimal relationship between the thicknesses of the black matrix BM and the liquid crystal layer LC.
[0148] The relationship between the thickness of the black matrix BM and the thickness of the organic protective layer is shown in Table 11:
[0149] Table 11: Relationship between black matrix thickness and organic protective layer thickness
[0150] As shown in Table 11 (thickness in micrometers), the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display panel PNL is considered to be 100% when the black matrix BM thickness is 1.1 micrometers and the liquid crystal layer LC thickness is 1.3 micrometers. The contrast ratio values at other thicknesses are divided by the contrast ratio value at that thickness. It can be seen that when the thickness of either the black matrix BM or the liquid crystal layer LC increases, the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display panel PNL increases; when the thickness of both the black matrix BM and the liquid crystal layer LC increases, the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display panel PNL increases; when the thickness of the black matrix BM is less than the thickness of the liquid crystal layer LC, the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display panel PNL decreases; and when the thickness of the black matrix BM increases to a certain extent, further increasing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer LC does not increase the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display panel PNL.
[0151] In an example, the thickness of the black matrix BM is 1.5 micrometers, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer LC is 1.8 micrometers. In this way, the contrast of the liquid crystal display panel PNL is maximized.
[0152] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the liquid crystal display panel PNL may be a relatively large liquid crystal display panel, such as a 40-inch or larger liquid crystal display panel, and in particular, an 80-inch or larger liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display panel may also be a small-sized display panel, such as a display panel for a mobile phone screen or a tablet computer, and in particular, may be a liquid crystal display panel produced on a high-generation production line and then cut.
[0153] The present disclosure also provides a liquid crystal display device comprising any of the liquid crystal display panels described in the aforementioned liquid crystal display panel embodiments. The liquid crystal display device can be a television screen, an outdoor advertising screen, a monitor screen, a smartphone screen, or another type of liquid crystal display device. Because the liquid crystal display device comprises any of the liquid crystal display panels described in the aforementioned liquid crystal display panel embodiments, it exhibits the same beneficial effects, and the present disclosure will not elaborate further here.
[0154] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present disclosure after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the appended claims.
Claims
1. An array substrate comprising a first base substrate, a source / drain metal layer, and a common electrode layer stacked in layers, and an array of switching transistors and pixel electrodes; The source-drain metal layer has a first conductive structure electrically connected to the second electrode of the switch transistor and the pixel electrode; and a region where the pixel electrode and the first conductive structure overlap is covered by the common electrode layer.
2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The array substrate has a scan line; the scan line has a protrusion, and the gate of the switch transistor is located on the protrusion; The common electrode layer covers at least a portion of the protrusion.
3. The array substrate according to claim 2, wherein: The edges of the protrusions are all covered by the common electrode layer.
4. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The source-drain metal layer has a data line and a second conductive structure connected to the data line and the first electrode of the switch transistor; A distance between an orthographic projection of an end of the second conductive structure away from the data wiring on the first substrate and an orthographic projection of the common electrode layer on the first substrate is not greater than 2.9 microns.
5. The array substrate according to claim 4, wherein: A distance between an orthographic projection of an end of the second conductive structure away from the data wiring on the first substrate and an orthographic projection of the common electrode layer on the first substrate is not greater than 0.5 micrometers.
6. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The source-drain metal layer has a data line and a second conductive structure connected to the data line and the first electrode of the switch transistor; A distance between an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the first substrate and an orthographic projection of the common electrode layer on the first substrate is no greater than 2.9 micrometers.
7. The array substrate according to claim 4, wherein: A distance between an orthographic projection of the second conductive structure on the first substrate and an orthographic projection of the common electrode layer on the first substrate is not greater than 0.5 micrometers.
8. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The source-drain metal layer has a data line, and the first electrode of the switch transistor is electrically connected to the data line; The angle between the data line and the column direction is between 0° and 7°.
9. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The source / drain metal layer has a touch wiring for transmitting a touch signal; and the angle between the touch wiring and the column direction is between 0° and 7°.
10. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein: The common electrode layer has a slit structure, and the slit structure is arranged to overlap with the pixel electrode; The included angle between the extending direction of the slits in the slit structure and the column direction is 5° to 11°. 11 . A liquid crystal display panel comprising the array substrate and the color filter substrate according to claim 1 , which are arranged in a cell-like manner, and a liquid crystal layer located between the array substrate and the color filter substrate.
12. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 11, wherein: The color filter substrate includes a second base substrate, a black matrix, a color filter layer and an organic protective layer stacked in sequence; wherein the thickness of the organic protective layer is 0.86 to 1.54 times the thickness of the black matrix.
13. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 12, wherein: The thickness of the organic protective layer is in the range of 1.3 to 2.3 microns; the thickness of the black matrix is in the range of 1.1 to 1.5 microns.
14. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 11, wherein: The liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal composition, the optical refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal composition is between 0.085 and 0.11; and the elastic constant of the liquid crystal composition is not less than 20.
15. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 14, wherein: In the liquid crystal composition, the total mass content of the monomer containing a dibenzothiophene structure and the monomer containing a dibenzofuran structure is between 2% and 15%.
16. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 15, wherein: In the liquid crystal composition, the total mass content of the negative monomers is between 40% and 48%.
17. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 16, wherein: The negative monomers include multiple types of the following monomers: Wherein, R and R' of any monomer are independently selected from: methyl, ethyl, propyl, Isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, trifluoromethyl, propen-1-yl, 2-propenyl, 1,2-butadienyl, buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, 3-pentenyl, hexylvinyl, hexylbutenyl, p-tolyl, 1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-pentyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-butyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-(4-propylcyclohexan-1-yl)-1,3-dioxane-2-yl, 5-propyl-1-oxane-2-yl, 5-ethyl-1-oxane-2-yl.
18. The liquid crystal display panel according to claim 17, wherein: The liquid crystal composition includes a first type of negative monomer, a second type of negative monomer and a third type of negative monomer; The first type of negative monomer is selected from the compounds shown in the following structural formula: The second type of negative monomer is selected from the compounds shown in the following structural formula: The third type of negative monomer is selected from the compounds shown in the following structural formula: Wherein, the mass content of the first type of negative monomer does not exceed 50% of the mass content of the second type of negative monomer, or does not exceed 50% of the mass content of the third type of negative monomer; The mass content of the second type of negative monomer is 90% to 110% of the mass content of the third type of negative monomer.
19. A liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal display panel according to any one of claims 11 to 18.