Cold-resistant fertilizer for passion fruits as well as preparation method and application of cold-resistant fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to a cold-resistant fertilizer for passion fruits as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, the cold-resistant fertilizer for passion fruits comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of a decomposed straw carbon-based carrier, 15-25 parts of a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3-8 parts of an additive, 2-5 parts of a bacillus subtilis microbial agent and 10-15 parts of a chitosan-diatomite compound; the additive is a water extract of clinacanthus nutans and rabdosia lingua in a weight ratio of (5-10): 1. According to the cold-resistant fertilizer for the passion fruits, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and the water extracts of the clinacanthus nutans and the rabdosia lophanthoides are loaded on the decomposed straw carbon-based carrier to serve as functional components such as additives, the survival rate of overwintering planting of the passion fruits and the fruit quality are remarkably improved, and the overwintering survival rate is improved by 22%-30.2%; the fertilizer can be used as a special fertilizer for passion fruit planting, and is wide in application.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer, in particular to a cold-resistant fertilizer for passion fruit, a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Passion fruit, also known as Passiflora edulis, is favored by consumers in the market due to its rich aroma and nutrients, high content of vitamins and minerals, and high edible and medicinal value. The planting area is also expanding. However, passion fruit is originally from tropical and subtropical regions, and its plants are sensitive to low temperature environment. The suitable growth temperature is usually between 20-30℃. When the temperature is lower than 10℃, the growth of passion fruit will be significantly inhibited. If it encounters continuous low temperature weather, especially severe cold below 0℃, the plants are prone to freeze injury, leading to leaf wilting, branch frost injury, and even whole plant death, which seriously affects the overwintering survival rate and fruit quality of passion fruit planting.

[0003] Fertilizer, as an indispensable means of production in agricultural production, plays a crucial role in passion fruit planting. Reasonable fertilization can provide nutrients for passion fruit plants, promote root development, plant growth and fruit development, and enhance plant resistance, thereby improving yield and quality. At present, there are various types of fertilizers on the market for passion fruit planting, mainly including organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and biological fertilizer, etc. However, most of the existing fertilizers focus on providing nutrients, and have limited effect on improving the cold resistance of passion fruit plants. Although some studies attempt to add specific ingredients to fertilizers to enhance plant resistance, there is still a lack of special fertilizer with significant cold resistance effect for passion fruit, which is sensitive to low temperature.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a special fertilizer that can not only provide sufficient nutrients, but also effectively improve the cold resistance of passion fruit. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a cold-resistant fertilizer for passion fruit, a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a cold-resistant fertilizer for passion fruit, which comprises, by weight:

[0007] 30-40 parts of rotten straw charcoal base carrier, 15-25 parts of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3-8 parts of additives, 2-5 parts of bacillus subtilis inoculant and 10-15 parts of chitosan-diatomite compound.

[0008] The additive is a water extract of Raphiolepis indica and Isodon amethystoides with a weight ratio of (5-10):1.

[0009] Further, the guava cold-resistant fertilizer comprises, in parts by weight:

[0010] The rotten straw carbon-based carrier 35 parts, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer 21 parts, additives 5 parts, bacillus subtilis agent 3.5 parts and chitosan-diatomite compound 12.5 parts.

[0011] Further, the additives are water extracts of crocodile mouth flowers and narrow-based linear fragrant tea leaves in a weight ratio of 7:1.

[0012] In a second aspect, based on the same inventive concept, the present application provides a preparation method of the guava cold-resistant fertilizer of any one of the above first aspect, which comprises the following steps:

[0013] The rotten straw carbon-based carrier and the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer are stirred and mixed to obtain a first mixture;

[0014] The additives and the bacillus subtilis agent are pre-dissolved in a phosphate buffer solution, and then added to the first mixture for stirring to obtain a second mixture;

[0015] The chitosan-diatomite compound is added to the second mixture for stirring and mixing, and then dried and ground to obtain the guava cold-resistant fertilizer.

[0016] Further, the preparation of the rotten straw carbon-based carrier comprises the following process:

[0017] The corn straw is crushed to 1-3 cm segments, and then 0.5%-1% of the straw weight of bacillus mucilaginosus and 0.5%-1% of the straw weight of cellulose-decomposing bacteria are added, the water content is controlled at 60-65 wt%, and composting fermentation is performed for 7-10 days, with daily turning of the composting heap once, to obtain rotten straw;

[0018] The rotten straw is heated from room temperature to 450-500℃ at a rate of 10-15℃ / min and kept for 2-3 hours to obtain a carbonized product;

[0019] The carbonized product is soaked in a 5%-10% hydrogen peroxide solution, the solid-liquid ratio is controlled at 1:(5-6), and stirring is performed at a temperature of 45-55℃ for 1-2 hours, followed by filtration and drying to obtain the rotten straw carbon-based carrier.

[0020] Further, the preparation of the additives comprises the following process:

[0021] The crocodile mouth flower and the narrow base line strip fragrant sage are mixed and crushed, water is added in 5-10 times of the total weight of the crocodile mouth flower and the narrow base line strip fragrant sage, then the mixture is subjected to reduced pressure reflux under the pressure of 8-13 kPa and the temperature of 49-57 DEG C for 60-90 minutes, the extraction times are 1-3 times, the extraction liquid is concentrated and dried after being combined, and the additive is obtained.

[0022] Further, the preparation of the chitosan-diatomite composite includes the following process:

[0023] The natural diatomite is added into an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1-2 mol / L, the solid-liquid ratio is controlled to be 1:(4-5), and stirring is carried out at a temperature of 25-30 DEG C for 1-2 hours, then centrifugal separation is carried out, water washing is carried out until neutral, and drying treatment is carried out, so that the modified diatomite is obtained.

[0024] The chitosan is dissolved in an aqueous acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 2-3%, so that a chitosan solution with a mass concentration of 3-5 wt% is obtained.

[0025] The modified diatomite, the chitosan solution and gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane are stirred and mixed at a temperature of 55-60 DEG C for 45-60 minutes, then centrifugal separation, drying and crushing are carried out, and then the mixture is passed through a 100-mesh sieve, so that the chitosan-diatomite composite is obtained.

[0026] The weight ratio of the modified diatomite, the chitosan and the gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane is (1-3):1:(0.05-0.15).

[0027] Further, the added weight of the phosphate buffer solution is 5-7 times of the weight of the first mixture.

[0028] In a second aspect, based on the same inventive concept, the present application provides a use of the guava cold-resistant fertilizer of any one of the first aspect or the preparation method of the guava cold-resistant fertilizer of any one of the second aspect in guava planting.

[0029] Further, when used, the guava cold-resistant fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer into the bottom of a planting hole during guava planting.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application has at least the following advantages:

[0031] The guava cold-resistant fertilizer provided by the present application mainly loads, as an additive, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and water extracts of crocodile mouth flower and narrow-based linear strip fragrant sage as functional components on a rotten straw charcoal carrier, significantly improves the survival rate of guava overwintering planting and the quality of fruits, increases the overwintering survival rate by 22-30.2%, and reduces the secondary fruit rate by 6.8-8.4%, and can be used as a guava planting special fertilizer and has a wide application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, all the various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present application can be purchased from the market or prepared by the existing methods. Meanwhile, the steps and parameters involved in the present application can be performed according to the existing fertilizer preparation process or directly using the existing equipment if there is no special limitation or specific description, and the present application document will not be described one by one.

[0034] The present application will be further described in combination with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application and not to limit the scope of the present application. The experimental methods in the following examples without specific conditions are generally determined according to the national standards. If there is no corresponding national standard, the international standard, the conventional condition or the condition suggested by the manufacturer is used.

[0035] The main raw material information involved in the following examples and comparative examples is as follows:

[0036] Rotten straw charcoal carrier (self-made): corn straw is crushed into 1-3 cm segments, then 0.8% of the straw weight of Bacillus mucilaginosus and 0.8% of the straw weight of cellulose-decomposing bacteria are added, the water content is controlled at 62 wt%, composting and fermentation is performed for 8 days, and the rotten straw is obtained by turning the pile once a day; the rotten straw is heated from room temperature to 480℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min and kept for 2.5 hours to obtain a carbonized product; the carbonized product is soaked in an 8% mass fraction hydrogen peroxide solution, the solid-liquid ratio is controlled at 1:5.5, and stirring is performed at 50℃ for 1.5 hours, then filtration and drying are performed to obtain the rotten straw charcoal carrier.

[0037] Humic acid water-soluble fertilizer: the brand name is Yingtianqing, the product name is Dingzhongtong, and the humic acid content is 30 g / L.

[0038] Additive (self-made): water extract of Clinacanthus nutans and Isodon lophanthoides var. stenostachyus: Clinacanthus nutans and Isodon lophanthoides var. stenostachyus are crushed and mixed, and then water is added at 8 times the total weight of Clinacanthus nutans and Isodon lophanthoides var. stenostachyus, followed by vacuum reflux at a pressure of 10 kPa and a temperature of 52°C for 90 minutes, with 2 extraction times. The extract is concentrated and dried to obtain the additive. Clinacanthus nutans, also known as Clinacanthus nutans, is also known as Youtongcao, Roucicao, Hancaocao, and Qianlizhui. The whole plant is used as raw material. Isodon lophanthoides var. stenostachyus, also known as Isodon lophanthoides var. stenostachyus, is also known as Shigeda, Shaxiangye, Bailincao, and Xiongdacai. The whole plant is used as raw material.

[0039] Bacillus subtilis agent: effective viable count is 100 billion CFU / g.

[0040] Chitosan-diatomite composite (self-made): natural diatomite is added to a 1.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and stirring is performed at a temperature of 28°C for 1.5 hours with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4.5. Then, centrifugal separation, water washing to neutral, and drying treatment are performed to obtain modified diatomite. Chitosan is dissolved in a 2.5% acetic acid aqueous solution to obtain a chitosan solution with a mass concentration of 4 wt%. The modified diatomite, the chitosan solution, and γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) are stirred and mixed at a temperature of 58°C for 50 minutes, followed by centrifugal separation, drying, and pulverization, and then passing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the chitosan-diatomite composite. The weight ratio of the modified diatomite, the chitosan, and the γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane is 2:1:0.1.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] The example provides a guava cold-resistant fertilizer, which comprises, in parts by weight:

[0043] 35 parts of a carbon-based carrier of decomposed straw, 21 parts of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 5 parts of additive, 3.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis agent, and 12.5 parts of chitosan-diatomite composite; the additive is a water extract of Clinacanthus nutans and Isodon lophanthoides var. stenostachyus with a weight ratio of 7:1.

[0044] The preparation method of the above-mentioned guava cold-resistant fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0045] The carbon-based carrier of decomposed straw and the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer are stirred and mixed to obtain a first mixture.

[0046] The additive and the bacillus subtilis inoculum are pre-dissolved in the phosphate buffer, the phosphate buffer is added in an amount of 6 times the weight of the first mixture, then the first mixture is added and stirred to obtain a second mixture;

[0047] The chitosan-diatomite composite is added to the second mixture and stirred, then dried and ground to obtain the cold-resistant guava fertilizer.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] The cold-resistant guava fertilizer provided in this example comprises, by weight fraction:

[0050] 30 parts of the carbon-based carrier of decomposed straw, 15 parts of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3 parts of the additive, 2 parts of the bacillus subtilis inoculum, and 12.5 parts of the chitosan-diatomite composite; the additive is the water extract of the Aeschynanthus speciosus and the Isodon lindleyi in a weight ratio of 5:1.

[0051] The preparation method of the above-mentioned cold-resistant guava fertilizer is the same as that of Example 1.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] The cold-resistant guava fertilizer provided in this example comprises, by weight fraction:

[0054] 30 parts of the carbon-based carrier of decomposed straw, 15 parts of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3 parts of the additive, 2 parts of the bacillus subtilis inoculum, and 12.5 parts of the chitosan-diatomite composite; the additive is the water extract of the Aeschynanthus speciosus and the Isodon lindleyi in a weight ratio of 10:1.

[0055] The preparation method of the above-mentioned cold-resistant guava fertilizer is the same as that of Example 1.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The cold-resistant guava fertilizer provided in this example and the preparation method thereof are different from those of Example 1 only in that:

[0058] (1) the weight fraction of the additive is 0.

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] The cold-resistant guava fertilizer provided in this example and the preparation method thereof are different from those of Example 1 only in that:

[0061] (1) the additive is only the water extract of the Aeschynanthus speciosus.

[0062] Comparative Example 3

[0063] The cold-resistant guava fertilizer provided in this example and the preparation method thereof are different from those of Example 1 only in that:

[0064] (1) the additive is only a water extract of Rabdosia lophanthoides.

[0065] Test Example

[0066] In this example, the guava cold-resistant fertilizer obtained in the above Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 is tested for fertilizer efficiency as a guava planting special fertilizer, and the testing method is as follows:

[0067] Guava plants with similar growth conditions in the same plot are selected and divided into 7 groups, of which 6 groups are respectively applied with the guava cold-resistant fertilizer obtained in the above Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, and the remaining 1 group is applied with an equal amount of commercially available organic fertilizer (18-18-18, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients ≥ 45%) as a basic control according to the same method; when used, during the guava planting process, the guava planting special fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the planting hole, and after stirring and mixing with the soil, at least 10 cm thick topsoil is covered, and then the seedlings are transplanted above the topsoil, and the rest of the planting process and parameters refer to the existing guava plant method. Based on 50 guava plants, the survival rate of the first year's guava overwintering is counted for each group; at the same time, after the guava is harvested, the yield per plant (total number of fruits / plant) and the percentage of fruits with a weight of less than 50g (%) are counted.

[0068] The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0069] Table 1

[0070] Test Group Overwintering Survival Rate (%) Example 1 Group 91.6 Example 2 Group 80.9 Example 3 Group 83.4 Comparative Example 1 Group 68.1 Comparative Example 2 Group 73.5 Comparative Example 3 Group 77.2 Base Control Group 61.4

[0071] Table 2

[0072]

[0073] From Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that compared with Comparative Examples 1-3 and the basic control group, the guava cold-resistant fertilizer obtained in Examples 1-3 of the present application can significantly improve the survival rate of guava overwintering planting and fruit quality, and can be used as a guava planting special fertilizer with a wide range of applications.

[0074] Various embodiments of the present application can take on a variety of scopes; it should be understood that a scope in the form of a range is described merely for the sake of convenience and brevity, and should not be construed as a rigid limitation of the scope of the present application; therefore, it should be considered that the range described has specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single values within that range. For example, it should be considered that a range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, regardless of the range. In addition, whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited number (fractional or integral) within the indicated range.

[0075] The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the application. Numerous modifications and adaptations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the foregoing description. Thus, the above description provided is not intended to limit the application to the particular embodiment shown. Many modifications, substitutions, and changes from the teachings of this application and in its operations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which is defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A cold-resistant fertilizer for passion fruit, characterized in that, By weight, the passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer comprises: 30-40 parts of decomposed straw carbon-based carrier, 15-25 parts of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 3-8 parts of additives, 2-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis inoculant and 10-15 parts of chitosan-diatomite complex. The additive is an aqueous extract of *Gnaphalium affine* and *Tea styracifolium* in a weight ratio of (5-10):

1.

2. The passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, the passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer comprises: The mixture contains 35 parts of decomposed straw carbon-based carrier, 21 parts of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, 5 parts of additives, 3.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis inoculant, and 12.5 parts of chitosan-diatomite complex.

3. The passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The additive is an aqueous extract of *Alligator's Mouth Flower* and *Tea styracifolium* in a weight ratio of 7:

1.

4. A method for preparing a passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The preparation method of the passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer includes the following steps: The decomposed straw carbon-based carrier and humic acid water-soluble fertilizer are stirred and mixed to obtain the first mixture; The additives and Bacillus subtilis inoculant were pre-dissolved in phosphate buffer, then added to the first mixture and stirred to obtain the second mixture. The chitosan-diatomaceous earth complex was added to the second mixture and stirred and mixed, then dried and ground to obtain the passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer.

5. The method for preparing passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation of the decomposed straw carbon-based carrier includes the following process: Crush corn stalks into 1-3cm pieces, then add Bacillus mucilaginosus at 0.5%-1% of the stalk weight and cellulose-decomposing bacteria at 0.5%-1% of the stalk weight. Control the moisture content at 60-65wt%. Compost for 7-10 days, turning the pile once a day to obtain decomposed stalks. The decomposed straw is heated from room temperature to 450-500℃ at a rate of 10-15℃ / min and kept at that temperature for 2-3 hours to obtain carbonized material; The carbonized material is soaked in a 5%-10% hydrogen peroxide solution, with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:(5-6), and stirred at 45-55°C for 1-2 hours. Then it is filtered and dried to obtain the decomposed straw carbon-based carrier.

6. The method for preparing passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation of the additive includes the following process: Alligator jasmine and narrow-ribbed tea leaves are crushed and mixed, and water is added at 5 to 10 times the total weight of alligator jasmine and narrow-ribbed tea leaves. Then, the mixture is subjected to reduced pressure reflux for 60 to 90 minutes at a pressure of 8 kPa to 13 kPa and a temperature of 49 to 57°C. The extraction is performed 1 to 3 times. The extracts are combined and then concentrated and dried to obtain the additive.

7. The method for preparing passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation of the chitosan-diatomaceous earth complex includes the following process: Natural diatomaceous earth was added to a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with a concentration of 1-2 mol / L, the solid-liquid ratio was controlled at 1:(4-5), and the mixture was stirred at 25-30℃ for 1-2 hours. After that, it was centrifuged, washed with water until neutral, and dried to obtain modified diatomaceous earth. Chitosan was dissolved in an aqueous solution of acetic acid with a mass fraction of 2-3% to obtain a chitosan solution with a mass concentration of 3-5 wt%. The modified diatomaceous earth, the chitosan solution, and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane were stirred and mixed at 55-60°C for 45-60 minutes, then centrifuged, dried, and pulverized, and then passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the chitosan-diatomaceous earth composite. The weight ratio of the modified diatomaceous earth, the chitosan, and the γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is (1-3):1:(0.05-0.15).

8. The method for preparing passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The weight of the added phosphate buffer solution is 5 to 7 times the weight of the first mixture.

9. The application of the passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, or the passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer according to any one of claims 4 to 8, in passion fruit cultivation.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, When using it, apply the passion fruit cold-resistant fertilizer as a base fertilizer to the bottom of the planting hole during the passion fruit planting process.

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