Sampling method for mineral identification in ancient pig iron smelting furnace wall and mineral identification method

Abstract

The invention discloses a sampling method for mineral identification in an ancient pig iron smelting furnace wall and a mineral identification method, and belongs to the field of rock and mineral identification methods. The sampling method comprises the following steps: (1) respectively cutting out cross section test pieces in the length, width and height directions of a sampled object close to the outer surfaces of the two ends; (2) reinforcing the test piece and condensing the test piece; (3) roughly grinding the coagulated test piece, cleaning and drying; (4) bonding the dried test piece on a glass slide, and cutting the test piece until the thickness of the test piece is 1400-1600 [mu] m; and (5) polishing the test piece obtained in the step (4) until the thickness of the test piece is 25-35 microns. The identification method comprises the following steps: (1) observing a to-be-detected test piece by using a microscope, and judging and classifying minerals contained in the to-be-detected test piece; and (2) measuring the contents of different minerals by using a point counting method in cooperation with an electric quadrature instrument. The sampling method and the identification method provided by the invention can achieve the effects of reducing system errors, being simple to operate and saving cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to rock and mineral identification, and in particular to a sampling method and mineral identification method for identifying minerals in the walls of ancient pig iron smelting furnaces. Background Technology

[0002] The study of furnace wall materials in pig iron smelting is a crucial part of ancient high-temperature technology research and an important aspect of ancient refractory material research. Mineral identification and content determination of furnace wall materials help to understand the internal structure and material properties of the furnace wall. Currently, the main method for determining the mineral content of furnace wall materials is the point counting method.

[0003] In the field of rock and mineral analysis, the point counting method, as a classic method for determining mineral content, is widely used in the analysis of various ores and mineral materials due to its relatively simple operation and low cost. This method is based on statistical principles, counting points on the sample surface under a microscope to determine the percentage of points representing different mineral phases, and then calculating the mineral content. This provides important data support for geological exploration and materials research. The method for determining the mineral content of furnace wall materials also originates from this approach.

[0004] However, the traditional point-based method has revealed several limitations in determining the mineral content of ancient pig iron smelting furnace wall materials. Firstly, the lack of standardized procedures in sample pretreatment leads to inconsistent sample quality, affecting subsequent measurement results. Secondly, the selection of the observation surface relies heavily on the operator's subjective judgment. However, due to the significant heterogeneity of ancient pig iron smelting furnace wall materials, this subjective selection easily introduces sample bias and substantial systematic errors, making it difficult for the measurement data to accurately reflect the mineral composition characteristics of the furnace wall material. Furthermore, selecting only a single observation surface for measurement cannot effectively eliminate the influence of random errors, resulting in insufficient measurement accuracy.

[0005] Although there are some more accurate measurement methods in existing technologies, they often rely on expensive large-scale instruments or complex chemical analysis processes, which are not only cumbersome and time-consuming, but also costly and difficult to popularize. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a sampling method for mineral identification in the walls of ancient pig iron smelting furnaces that reduces systematic errors, is simple to operate, and saves costs.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a mineral identification method based on the above sampling method.

[0008] Technical solution: The sampling method for mineral identification in the walls of ancient pig iron smelting furnaces described in this invention includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Cut cross-sectional specimens along the length, width, and height of the sampling object, close to the outer surfaces of both ends;

[0010] (2) After the test piece is reinforced, it is allowed to solidify;

[0011] (3) The solidified test piece is coarsely ground, then cleaned and dried;

[0012] (4) Bond the dried specimen onto a glass slide and cut its thickness to 1400-1600 μm;

[0013] (5) Polish the sample obtained in step (4) until its thickness is 25-35μm.

[0014] In step (2), the reinforcement method is as follows: the test piece is immersed in resin material; the coagulation conditions are as follows: temperature is 23-30℃, time is 20-30h.

[0015] In step (3), the coarse grinding method involves using sandpaper with progressively increasing grit.

[0016] In step (4), a thin-film cutting instrument is used for cutting.

[0017] Before bonding in step (4), the surface of the glass slide to be bonded is first polished.

[0018] Before polishing in step (5), the thickness of the sample is determined by referring to the interference color chromatogram; silicon carbide powder with increasing mesh size is used during polishing.

[0019] The mineral identification method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0020] (1) Observe the test specimen under a microscope and judge and classify the minerals contained therein;

[0021] (2) Use an electric planimeter to measure the content of different minerals using the point counting method.

[0022] In step (2), when using the point-counting method for measurement, the spacing between the measuring lines is set to be consistent with the average particle size of the mineral, and the magnification is set to ensure that a single field of view covers 10-30 particles.

[0023] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) The present invention optimizes the sampling method of the sample. By selecting some test pieces on all six sides of the furnace wall sample for identification, the systematic error of identifying minerals in heterogeneous mineral materials by the point-by-point method is reduced, ensuring the scientific nature and standardization of the final measurement data; (2) The present invention reduces the random error of the measurement and improves the accuracy of the measurement by selecting multiple sample observation surfaces; (3) The sample preparation and analysis standards of the present invention are formulated for ancient furnace wall materials, which improves the standardization and professionalism of ancient furnace wall material research and also provides a reference for the archaeological analysis of other rock and mineral materials. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling method of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a photomicrograph of sample A;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a photomicrograph of sample B;

[0027] Figure 4 A photomicrograph of sample C;

[0028] Figure 5 A photomicrograph of sample D;

[0029] Figure 6 A photomicrograph of sample E;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a photomicrograph of sample F. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the sampling method for mineral identification in the walls of ancient pig iron smelting furnaces according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0034] (1) Self-made sampling objects: Using the method of restoring ancient techniques, clay and sand with a mass ratio of 1:1 were mixed and stirred by hydration. After stirring, the mixture was simply molded and handmade into 30cm*20cm furnace wall bricks, dried, and the sampling objects were obtained.

[0035] The above-mentioned sampled object was cut into rectangular strips with dimensions of 50mm×20mm×20mm. Two 5mm thick cross-sectional specimens were cut parallel to each of the two outer surfaces along the length of the strip sample, along the width of the strip sample, along the two outer surfaces, and along the height of the strip sample, along the two outer surfaces, resulting in six specimens.

[0036] (2) Immediately immerse the test piece in 502 glue to reinforce it and prevent the residue in the test piece from falling off. Vacuum for 0.5-1.5 hours to remove air bubbles. Place quartz sand particles at the four corners not far from the test piece as references when grinding the sample. After solidification at room temperature for 24 hours, clean off the excess reinforcing material.

[0037] (3) Use 240, 320, 400 and 600 grit sandpaper in sequence to grind the observation surface of each test piece on the grinding machine, keep the water flow lubricating, rotate 90° after each stage of cleaning and continue grinding to ensure uniform grinding. After completion, clean the test pieces and dry them for 24 hours.

[0038] (4) Grind the surface of the glass slide to be bonded. Number the test pieces A, B, C, D, E, and F on the un-grinded surface and clean them. Bond the ground surface of the test pieces to the surface of the glass slide to be bonded. Use a thin-film cutting instrument to cut the thickness of the test pieces to about 1500 μm and clean them. Among them, test pieces A and B are cut along the height direction, test pieces C and D are cut along the length direction, and test pieces E and F are cut along the width direction.

[0039] (5) Refer to the interference color chromatogram to determine the thickness of the test piece, observe the quartz sand particles at the four corners and the quartz particles in the test piece, use 400 and 600 mesh silicon carbide powder to manually polish the observation surface of the test piece on the glass slide, when its thickness drops to about 500 μm, switch to 1000 mesh silicon carbide powder, continue polishing until its thickness is about 30 μm, and finally polish the sample with sandpaper or a polishing instrument to remove scratches. All six test pieces obtained in step (1) are processed in the same way as described in steps (2)-(5) to obtain six test pieces that can be used for observation.

[0040] The method for mineral identification in the walls of ancient pig iron smelting furnaces as described in this invention includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Six test pieces were observed under a polarizing microscope. The minerals contained in each piece were classified according to the particle size of each particle in the microstructure. The microstructure was judged according to the standard of the Mineral Identification Atlas ("Handbook for Identification of Transparent Mineral Thin Sections", edited by Chang Lihua, Chen Manyun, Jin Wei, Li Shichao and Yu Jiejiang, Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2006). Clay and sand were identified as two minerals.

[0042] (2) Using an electric planimeter, the area ratio of different mineral particles was measured using the point counting method. The number of different mineral particles and the total number of particles were counted within the microscope's field of view, and the area ratio was used to represent the volume percentage. The spacing between the measurement lines was set to match the average particle size of the minerals, and the magnification was ensured to cover 10-30 particles per field of view. The particle count was no less than 1000, and the accuracy was improved by using an electric planimeter. The mineral content determination results for the six test pieces are shown in Table 1.

[0043] The mineral composition of the test sample mainly includes clay, quartz, feldspar, rock, other minerals, and pores, among which quartz, feldspar, rock, and other minerals are all considered as sand. The microstructure was classified according to particle size, and the content of each mineral was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1. Mineral content determination results (%) of six test samples.

[0045] Observation surface clay sand Hole A 33.6 47.6 18.8 B 39.8 42.0 18.2 C 33.0 44.8 22.2 D 35.0 46.2 18.8 E 69.0 22.0 9.0 F 31.9 40.3 27.8

[0046] analyze Figure 2-7 The micrograph shown in the image contains clay as the red matrix, sand as the particles, and pores as the dark black areas.

[0047] Figure 2-5 The observation surfaces AD and F shown in Figure 7 mainly contain clay, sand, and pores; Figure 6 The observation surface E shown mainly contains clay.

[0048] Analysis of the data in Table 1 shows that the average clay content of the six observation surfaces is 40.4%, and the average sand content is 40.5%. Therefore, the clay to sand ratio is 1:1, which is the same as the mass ratio of clay to sand used when preparing the sample. This demonstrates that this method can reduce the systematic error of identifying minerals in heterogeneous mineral materials using the point-by-point method, ensuring the scientific validity and standardization of the final measurement data.

Claims

1. A sampling method for mineral identification in the walls of ancient pig iron smelting furnaces, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Cut cross-sectional specimens along the length, width, and height of the sampling object, close to the outer surfaces of both ends; (2) After the test piece is reinforced, it is allowed to solidify; (3) The solidified test piece is coarsely ground, then cleaned and dried; (4) Bond the dried specimen onto a glass slide and cut its thickness to 1400-1600 μm; (5) Polish the sample obtained in step (4) until its thickness is 25-35μm.

2. The sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcement method described in step (2) is to immerse the test piece in resin material.

3. The sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The condensation conditions in step (2) are as follows: temperature is 23-30℃ and time is 20-30h.

4. The sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the coarse grinding method involves using sandpaper with progressively increasing grit.

5. The sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), a thin-film cutting instrument is used for cutting.

6. The sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before bonding in step (4), the surface of the glass slide to be bonded is first polished.

7. The sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before polishing in step (5), the thickness of the test piece is determined by referring to the interference color chromatogram.

8. The sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), silicon carbide powder with progressively increasing mesh size is used during polishing.

9. A method for identifying minerals using the sampling method of claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Observe the test specimen under a microscope and judge and classify the minerals contained therein; (2) Use an electric planimeter to measure the content of different minerals using the point counting method.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, When using the point-counting method in step (2), the spacing between the measuring lines should be set to match the average particle size of the mineral, and the magnification should ensure that the single field of view covers 10-30 particles.

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