Natural ventilation factor-based ventilation and lighting optimization system for green building design

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building design optimization, in particular to a green building design ventilation and lighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors, which comprises a data acquisition unit used for performing data acquisition on a building site to obtain a basic environment data set, the basic environment data set comprises at least one local prevailing wind direction, corresponding wind speed and annual sun moving trajectory data; and the direction positioning unit is used for generating a year-round sun irradiation directional diagram based on the year-round sun moving trajectory data in the basic environment data set, and extracting a direction above an illumination intensity threshold through the year-round sun irradiation directional diagram to form at least one sun irradiation key direction. By combining local climate, terrain and building functional requirements, the most suitable ventilation and lighting scheme can be scientifically calculated, natural resources are utilized to the maximum extent, dependence on artificial energy is reduced, and distribution of windows is reasonably designed according to the lighting and ventilation requirements of different functional areas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of architectural design optimization, in particular to a green building design ventilation and lighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the intensification of global climate change and the increasing tension of energy resources, the building field urgently needs to reduce dependence on traditional energy. Traditional buildings often rely on air conditioning and artificial lighting to regulate indoor environment, which not only increases energy consumption, but also has a negative impact on the environment and increases carbon emissions.

[0003] Currently, in modern architectural design, how to improve indoor air quality and comfort is an important issue. Natural ventilation and adequate lighting can effectively improve indoor air quality, reduce air pollution accumulation, and improve the comfort and health of living or working environment. The window design of traditional building systems is often fixed and cannot be adjusted according to the individual needs of different occupants. Traditional architectural design often lacks consideration of optimizing space, resulting in low space utilization of buildings. For example, the layout of windows and ventilation systems may not be reasonable, resulting in poor lighting and ventilation effects in some spaces, and the indoor environment may not be comfortable.

[0004] In addition, traditional building systems often rely on artificial energy, such as air conditioning, heating, and artificial lighting, to regulate indoor temperature and lighting. This approach not only increases energy consumption, but also results in high carbon emissions, which cannot effectively reduce the environmental burden of buildings. SUMMARY

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a green building design ventilation and lighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors, comprising:

[0006] A data acquisition unit is used to collect data on the building site to obtain a basic environmental data set, wherein the basic environmental data set includes at least one dominant wind direction, corresponding wind speed, and annual solar orbit data in the local area;

[0007] A direction positioning unit is used to generate an annual solar irradiation direction map based on the annual solar orbit data in the basic environmental data set, extract directions with illumination intensity above a threshold value from the annual solar irradiation direction map, and form at least one key solar irradiation direction. Obtain the lighting demand and ventilation demand of the building, the lighting demand includes the illumination intensity requirement of each functional area, and the ventilation demand includes the air flow rate requirement of each functional area;

[0008] The shielding recognition unit is configured to collect topographic data of the building site, recognize a topographic shielding condition based on the topographic data, and the topographic shielding condition includes a shielding height and a shielding range; the dominant wind direction and the wind speed in the basic environment data set are corrected in combination with the topographic shielding condition, and a ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction is calculated, and the ventilation coefficient is used to represent an actually available ventilation performance;

[0009] The position design unit is configured to correct the light intensity of the key solar radiation direction in combination with the topographic shielding condition, calculate a light coefficient of the key solar radiation direction, and the light coefficient reflects an actually available light performance; and perform preliminary position design of the building window based on the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction, the light coefficient of the key solar radiation direction, and in combination with the lighting demand and the ventilation demand, to determine a candidate distribution area of the window.

[0010] The ventilation optimization unit is configured to obtain habit data of a person on window layout, and the habit data includes a window preferred position of a commonly used activity area and a position feature associated with a window opening frequency; and adjust the candidate distribution area of the window by using the habit data of the person on the window layout, to obtain a final building window position design scheme.

[0011] Preferably, the building site is subjected to data collection to obtain a basic environment data set, including:

[0012] The wind direction data and the wind speed data of the building site within a continuous preset period are collected by a meteorological monitoring device, at least one wind direction with the highest occurrence frequency is selected as a dominant wind direction, and the average wind speed and the wind speed fluctuation range corresponding to each dominant wind direction are recorded;

[0013] The latitude, longitude and altitude data of the building site are obtained by a sunshine monitoring device or an astronomical algorithm, the solar altitude angle and the azimuth angle of each period of the year are calculated in combination with the orbit of the earth revolution, and the annual solar running track data are formed;

[0014] The dominant wind direction, the corresponding wind speed data and the annual solar running track data are integrated to establish the basic environment data set.

[0015] Preferably, based on the annual solar running track data in the basic environment data set, an annual solar radiation direction diagram is generated, and a direction above the light intensity threshold is extracted through the annual solar radiation direction diagram to form at least one key solar radiation direction, including:

[0016] Based on the annual solar running track data, the periods are divided according to seasons or months, the solar radiation direction sub-diagram of each period is generated, and the annual solar radiation direction diagram is formed by integrating each sub-diagram;

[0017] set a light intensity threshold corresponding to a building function, extract directions in each period from the annual solar radiation direction diagram whose radiation intensity exceeds the threshold, and count the occurrence duration and cumulative light intensity of each direction;

[0018] determine the directions with top cumulative light intensity as key solar radiation directions.

[0019] Preferably, the lighting and ventilation requirements of the building are obtained, including:

[0020] According to the use function of the building, the functional areas are divided, including office area, residential area and public activity area;

[0021] For each functional area, the minimum light intensity and light duration requirement of each area are determined according to the building design specification and user demand, and the lighting requirement is obtained;

[0022] For each functional area, the minimum air flow rate and ventilation duration requirement of each area are determined according to the indoor air quality standard and human comfort requirement, and the ventilation requirement is obtained.

[0023] Preferably, the topographic data of the building site is collected, and the topographic sheltering condition is identified based on the topographic data, including:

[0024] Obtain the topographic elevation data of the building site and the surrounding area within a preset range, and generate a three-dimensional topographic model;

[0025] Identify the sheltering objects from the three-dimensional topographic model, including mountains, adjacent buildings and trees, record the height, distance from the building site and distribution range of each sheltering object;

[0026] According to the height and distance of the sheltering objects, the sheltering angle and sheltering area of each sheltering object to the building site in different periods are calculated, and the topographic sheltering condition is obtained.

[0027] Preferably, the dominant wind direction and wind speed in the basic environment data set are corrected in combination with the topographic sheltering condition, and the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction is calculated, including:

[0028] Based on the distribution range and height of the sheltering objects in the topographic sheltering condition, the wind resistance coefficient of each dominant wind direction is calculated, and the wind resistance coefficient is positively correlated with the density and height of the sheltering objects;

[0029] The wind speed corresponding to the dominant wind direction is corrected by using the wind resistance coefficient, and the effective wind speed actually reaching the building site is obtained;

[0030] The effective wind speed is multiplied by the frequency of the dominant wind direction to obtain the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction.

[0031] Preferably, the light intensity of the key direction of solar radiation is corrected in combination with the terrain sheltering condition, and a light coefficient of the key direction of solar radiation is calculated, comprising:

[0032] Based on the sheltering angle and the sheltering area in the terrain sheltering condition, a proportion of the time length of each key direction of solar radiation being sheltered at different time periods is determined;

[0033] According to the proportion of the time length of sheltering, the original light intensity of each key direction of solar radiation is attenuated to obtain an effective light intensity that can actually reach the building site;

[0034] The effective light intensity is weighted and fused with the time length of the appearance of the key direction of solar radiation to obtain a light coefficient of the key direction of solar radiation.

[0035] Preferably, according to the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction and the light coefficient of the key direction of solar radiation, in combination with the lighting demand and the ventilation demand, a preliminary position design of the building window is performed to determine a candidate distribution area of the window, comprising:

[0036] The building facade is divided into regions according to the orientation, and the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction and the light coefficient of the key direction of solar radiation corresponding to each region are calculated;

[0037] For each functional region, the facade region with a light coefficient meeting the demand is matched according to the lighting demand thereof, and the facade region with a ventilation coefficient meeting the demand is matched according to the ventilation demand thereof;

[0038] The facade region with both the light coefficient and the ventilation coefficient meeting the demand is taken as the candidate distribution area of the window, and a priority of each candidate region is marked, the priority being positively correlated with the degree of meeting the coefficient.

[0039] Preferably, habit data of a person on window layout are obtained, comprising:

[0040] Through user investigation, activity trajectory data of users in each functional region in similar buildings are collected to determine commonly used activity regions;

[0041] Preferences of users on window positions in commonly used activity regions are counted, including the distance and relative orientation of the window from the activity point;

[0042] The opening frequency of the window in different seasons and time periods is analyzed, and the relationship between the window position and the opening frequency is associated to obtain the habit data of the person on the window layout.

[0043] Preferably, the habit data of the person on the window layout are used to adjust the candidate distribution area of the window to obtain a final building window position design scheme, comprising:

[0044] Matching the common activity area window preference position in the habit data with the candidate distribution area, and position fine-tuning is performed on the unmatched candidate area;

[0045] According to the position characteristics associated with the window opening frequency, the window size and opening mode of the candidate distribution area are optimized;

[0046] Verify whether the adjusted window position still satisfies the maximum realization of the daylighting and ventilation requirements, if yes, determine it as the final building window position design scheme, if not, re-fine-tune until it is satisfied.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0048] (1) The present application can scientifically calculate the most suitable ventilation and daylighting scheme by combining the local climate, terrain and functional requirements of the building, maximize the use of natural resources, reduce the dependence on artificial energy, and reasonably design the distribution of windows according to the lighting and ventilation requirements of different functional areas, not only optimizing the lighting and air circulation, but also ensuring the comfort and health of the indoor environment, and by identifying and correcting the terrain sheltering conditions of the building site, calculating the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction and the lighting coefficient of the key direction of solar radiation, ensuring that the building design can maximize the use of natural ventilation and lighting, and improving the energy utilization efficiency;

[0049] (2) The present application can optimize the layout and opening mode of the window according to the window preference and opening habit of the user through the analysis of the habit data, so that the building design is more in line with the actual user's needs, improves the quality of life, and through the optimization of natural ventilation and daylighting design, reduces the use of air conditioning and artificial lighting, thereby reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the building, meeting the requirements of green building and sustainable development, and designing the window according to the functional requirements of the building, not only meeting the lighting and ventilation requirements, but also improving the space utilization and functional diversity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the overall system in an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] In the figure: 1, data acquisition unit; 2, direction positioning unit; 3, shelter identification unit; 4, position design unit; 5, ventilation optimization unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort belong to the scope of the present application.

[0053] Embodiment one, please refer to Figure 1 The present application provides a technical solution: a green building design ventilation and lighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors, comprising:

[0054] The data acquisition unit 1 is used for collecting data of the building site to obtain a basic environment data set, wherein the basic environment data set includes at least one local dominant wind direction, corresponding wind speed and annual sun trajectory data;

[0055] The direction positioning unit 2 is used for generating an annual sun irradiation direction diagram based on the annual sun trajectory data in the basic environment data set, extracting directions above the light intensity threshold value through the annual sun irradiation direction diagram to form at least one sun irradiation key direction; obtaining the lighting demand and the ventilation demand of the building, wherein the lighting demand includes the light intensity requirement of each functional area, and the ventilation demand includes the air flow rate requirement of each functional area;

[0056] The shelter identification unit 3 is used for collecting topographic data of the building site, identifying the topographic shelter condition based on the topographic data, wherein the topographic shelter condition includes the height and range of the shelter; combining the topographic shelter condition to correct the dominant wind direction and the wind speed in the basic environment data set, and calculating the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction, wherein the ventilation coefficient is used for representing the actual available ventilation efficiency;

[0057] The position design unit 4 is used for combining the topographic shelter condition to correct the light intensity of the sun irradiation key direction, calculating the light coefficient of the sun irradiation key direction, wherein the light coefficient reflects the actual available light efficiency; according to the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction, the light coefficient of the sun irradiation key direction, combining the lighting demand and the ventilation demand, performing preliminary position design of the building window to determine the candidate distribution area of the window;

[0058] The ventilation optimization unit 5 is used for obtaining habit data of the person to the window layout, wherein the habit data includes the window preferred position of the commonly used activity area, the position characteristics associated with the window opening frequency; adjusting the candidate distribution area of the window by using the habit data of the person to the window layout to obtain the final building window position design scheme.

[0059] It's important to note that by collecting basic environmental data, including local wind direction, wind speed, and the sun's annual trajectory, the system provides data support for subsequent design and analysis. For example, the system collects the strongest wind direction and speed of a location throughout the year, as well as the direction and intensity of sunlight at different times of day. For instance, assuming the building is located in a windy city, the system will collect data showing that the prevailing wind direction is northeast with high wind speeds, and will also record the strong sunlight entering from the south during winter. Based on the collected data, a year-round solar radiation map is generated to determine which directions receive sufficient light intensity. Simultaneously, it considers the building's lighting needs (the required light intensity for different areas) and ventilation needs (the required airflow rate for each area). For example, if the building's office areas require strong natural light, the system will identify that the southeast direction has the strongest sunlight, thus recommending that office windows face this direction. By analyzing the surrounding terrain, the system identifies potential obstructions (such as nearby buildings, hills, etc.), which can affect wind speed and light intensity. Therefore, the system will correct the original wind direction and lighting data to calculate the actual ventilation and lighting efficiency. For example, if there is a tall building near the building, located in the northwest, blocking the wind from the northwest, the system will take this factor into account and calculate that the actual wind speed may be lower than expected. Based on the corrected wind direction and lighting direction data, the system designs the window positions of the building. The system takes into account the lighting and ventilation needs of each area and initially determines the distribution area of ​​windows. For example, if the system calculates that the wind speed in the southwest is lower and the sunlight in the southeast is stronger, it may design office windows in the southeast and kitchen windows in the northeast to ensure that the needs of ventilation and lighting are met. In the final window design, the system will also use human habit data (such as residents' window opening frequency, preferred window positions, etc.) to adjust the window layout. This can make the building more in line with the habits and needs of residents and improve comfort. For example, if residents usually prefer to open windows in the evening, the system may increase the number of windows in a frequently used area to provide better air circulation at the appropriate time.

[0060] In one alternative embodiment, data is collected from the building site to obtain a basic environmental dataset, including:

[0061] The wind direction and wind speed data of the construction site are collected by meteorological monitoring equipment within a continuous preset period. At least one wind direction with the highest frequency is selected as the dominant wind direction, and the average wind speed and wind speed fluctuation range corresponding to each dominant wind direction are recorded.

[0062] The latitude, longitude, and altitude data of the building site are obtained by using solar monitoring equipment or astronomical algorithms. Combined with the Earth's orbital trajectory, the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle at different times of the year are calculated to form the annual solar orbital trajectory data.

[0063] The main wind direction, corresponding wind speed data and annual sun trajectory data are integrated to establish a basic environment data set.

[0064] It should be noted that the wind speed and direction data of the construction site in the preset period are collected by the meteorological equipment; the equipment records the wind speed and direction in each period to help understand the change rule of the wind; for example: for example, in a certain construction site, the main wind direction recorded by the meteorological monitoring equipment is southeast wind, the average wind speed is 3 meters per second, and the wind speed fluctuation range is 2 to 4 meters per second; this data can help designers optimize the shape of the building and use the wind direction to reduce air conditioning energy consumption; find the most common wind direction from the wind direction data as a reference in building design; find the wind direction with the highest frequency, which can optimize the ventilation design of the building; for example: assuming that the southeast wind appears the most in a year, then the southeast wind is the main wind direction of this building area; after determining the main wind direction, record the wind speed in this direction and its fluctuation range; in order to accurately design the ventilation system of the building, it is necessary to know the change of the wind speed; for example: the main wind direction is southeast wind, and the recorded wind speed is 3 meters per second, and the fluctuation range is 2 to 4 meters per second; designers can consider how to design the window opening and ventilation system according to this data; through the sunlight monitoring equipment or astronomical algorithm, combined with the latitude and longitude and altitude of the construction site, the annual sun elevation angle and azimuth angle are calculated; the sun trajectory changes every year, and designers need to know the sun angle at different time periods every day in order to design the lighting system of the building; for example: at a certain building site, the sun at noon in summer, the sun elevation angle is 75 degrees, and the azimuth angle is 180 degrees (south); this data helps designers rationally layout windows to ensure optimal lighting.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, based on the annual sun trajectory data in the basic environment data set, an annual sun irradiation direction diagram is generated, and directions above the light intensity threshold are extracted from the annual sun irradiation direction diagram to form at least one sun irradiation key direction, including:

[0066] Based on the annual sun trajectory data, the time periods are divided according to seasons or months, the sun irradiation direction sub-diagram of each time period is generated, and the sub-diagrams are integrated to form the annual sun irradiation direction diagram;

[0067] Set the light intensity threshold corresponding to the building function, extract the directions with irradiation intensity exceeding the threshold in each time period from the annual sun irradiation direction diagram, and count the occurrence time and cumulative light intensity of each direction;

[0068] The directions with the top pre-set number of cumulative light intensity are determined as the sun irradiation key directions.

[0069] It should be noted that according to the running track of the sun, the sun radiation direction subgraph of different seasons or months is generated, and finally the annual sun radiation direction graph is formed; the sun radiation direction and intensity change in different seasons, so the time period is needed to adjust the daylighting system of building design; for example: the sun in winter will be low, and the sun radiation angle may be closer to the ground, while in summer it will be higher; designers can arrange the sunshade design of the building according to this information; according to the functional requirements of the building, a standard of light intensity is set, and the sun radiation direction meeting the requirements is extracted; the light intensity requirements of different areas are different; designers can choose the direction with the highest light intensity in a day to design the building; for example: the light intensity requirement of office area is higher, and the designer may choose the south window area directly irradiated by the sun as the main daylighting direction; the direction with the highest sun radiation intensity is selected from the annual sun radiation direction graph as the key direction of the building; according to the annual sun radiation data, it is determined which direction is the most common and the lightest; for example: if the cumulative light intensity of the south direction is the largest in a year, then the south direction is the key daylighting direction of the building.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, the daylighting requirement and ventilation requirement of the building are obtained, including:

[0071] According to the use function of the building, the functional area is divided, and the functional area includes office area, residential area and public activity area;

[0072] For each functional area, the minimum light intensity and light duration requirement of each area are determined according to the building design specification and user requirement, and the daylighting requirement is obtained;

[0073] For each functional area, the minimum air flow rate and ventilation duration requirement of each area are determined according to the indoor air quality standard and human comfort requirement, and the ventilation requirement is obtained.

[0074] It should be noted that, according to the use function of the building (such as office area, residential area and public activity area), the functional area is divided; the building space is divided into multiple areas, and the requirements of each area are different, so the lighting and ventilation requirements are also different; for example: the office area needs strong light, and the residential area needs to pay more attention to the privacy and comfortable ventilation environment; according to the lighting demand of different functional areas, the minimum light intensity and illumination time requirement is determined; according to the building specification and use demand, the minimum light intensity and illumination time of each area is calculated; for example: the office area may need the sunshine intensity not less than 200lx (lux), and the light illumination time needs to ensure at least 4 hours; according to the indoor air quality standard and human comfort requirement, the minimum air flow rate and ventilation time of each area is determined; the ventilation system design of the building needs to consider the air flow rate and ventilation time to ensure that the indoor air quality meets the standard; for example: the air flow rate of the residential area is required to reach 0.5 meters per second, and the ventilation time is not less than 10 hours per day to ensure fresh air.

[0075] In an optional embodiment, topographic data of the building site is collected, and the topographic sheltering condition is identified based on the topographic data, including:

[0076] Obtaining topographic elevation data of the building site and a preset range of the surrounding area, and generating a three-dimensional topographic model;

[0077] Identifying sheltering objects from the three-dimensional topographic model, the sheltering objects including mountains, adjacent buildings and trees, recording the height, distance from the building site and distribution range of each sheltering object;

[0078] According to the height and distance of the sheltering objects, the sheltering angle and area of each sheltering object to the building site at different time periods are calculated, and the topographic sheltering condition is obtained.

[0079] It should be noted that the elevation information of the site and the surrounding topography is obtained by using digital elevation model (DEM), laser radar (LiDAR) or geographic information system (GIS) data; the elevation data is converted into a three-dimensional topographic model, which is convenient for subsequent analysis of sheltering objects, ventilation and lighting; for example: a building site in a valley surrounded by mountains, a three-dimensional topographic model is generated by using LiDAR scanning, which can clearly see that there is a 50-meter-high mountain on the east side of the site; analyzing the three-dimensional topographic model, identifying the obstacles that may shelter wind and sunlight; for each sheltering object, recording its height, distance from the building site, and distribution range on the topography; for example: there is a 30-meter-high residential building on the west side of the site, and a 10-meter-high tree belt on the east side, recording these data for calculating the sheltering condition of wind and light.

[0080] In an optional embodiment, the dominant wind direction and wind speed in the basic environmental data set are corrected in combination with the topographic sheltering condition, and the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction is calculated, including:

[0081] Based on the distribution range and height of the shelter in the terrain sheltering situation, the wind resistance coefficient in each dominant wind direction is calculated, and the wind resistance coefficient is positively correlated with the density and height of the shelter;

[0082] The wind speed corresponding to the dominant wind direction is corrected by using the wind resistance coefficient, and the effective wind speed actually reaching the building site is obtained;

[0083] The ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction is obtained by multiplying the effective wind speed and the occurrence frequency of the dominant wind direction.

[0084] It should be noted that the sheltering angle refers to the ratio of the height of the obstacle to the distance (elevation angle) from the perspective of the building site; the sheltering area refers to the proportion of the horizontal area that is sheltered from the sun or wind; it can be calculated by time period (e.g., every hour within a day) to obtain dynamic sheltering effect; for example: the mountain on the east side will shelter the sun at an angle of 20° in the morning at 9 o'clock, accounting for 40% of the floor area for lighting; at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, the sheltering angle of the mountain decreases, and the sheltering area is only 10%; the wind resistance coefficient is used to represent the degree of hindrance of the obstacle to the wind speed; the wind resistance coefficient of the obstacle with high height and high density is larger; the obstacle with short distance has more obvious influence; for example: the wind resistance coefficient of the high-rise building on the west side is 0.4, and the wind resistance coefficient of the sparse trees on the east side is 0.1, indicating that the west side building blocks more wind; the original wind speed in the meteorological data is multiplied by (1-wind resistance coefficient) to correct the actual wind speed after passing through the shelter; for example: the dominant wind direction is southeast wind, the original wind speed is 4 m / s, the wind resistance coefficient of the trees on the east side is 0.1, then the effective wind speed = 4 × (1-0.1) = 3.6 m / s; the ventilation coefficient = effective wind speed × wind direction occurrence frequency; it reflects the comprehensive evaluation of the actual ventilation capacity of the building site under different wind directions in a year; for example: the effective wind speed of the southeast wind is 3.6 m / s, and the annual occurrence frequency of the southeast wind is 0.3, then the ventilation coefficient = 3.6 × 0.3 = 1.08 m / s·occurrence frequency.

[0085] In an optional embodiment, the light intensity of the key direction of solar radiation is corrected in combination with the terrain sheltering situation, and the light coefficient of the key direction of solar radiation is calculated, including:

[0086] Based on the sheltering angle and the sheltering area in the terrain sheltering situation, the time length proportion of each key direction of solar radiation being sheltered in different time periods is determined;

[0087] The original light intensity of each key direction of solar radiation is attenuated according to the sheltering time length proportion, and the effective light intensity actually reaching the building site is obtained;

[0088] The effective light intensity and the occurrence time length of the key direction of solar radiation are weighted and fused to obtain the light coefficient of the key direction of solar radiation.

[0089] It should be noted that by calculating the solar radiation angle of each period (such as every hour), the proportion of time that the shelter blocks the sun is determined; for example: the south key lighting direction is blocked by the west high-rise building from 10am to 12pm, accounting for 50% of the total time of the period; effective light intensity = original light intensity x (1- shading ratio); the larger the shading ratio, the less light actually reaches the site; for example: the original light intensity is 500W / m², the shading ratio from 10am to 12pm is 50%, and the effective light intensity = 500 x (1-0.5) = 250W / m²; the light coefficient = ∑ (effective light intensity of each period x time weight) / total time of the year; considering the solar intensity and the time of being blocked, the annual light evaluation index is obtained; for example: the effective light intensity of the south direction is weighted and averaged by period to obtain a light coefficient of 0.7, indicating that 70% of the ideal light of this direction can be used throughout the year.

[0090] In an optional embodiment, according to the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction, the light coefficient of the key direction of solar radiation, combined with the lighting demand and the ventilation demand, the preliminary position design of the building window is carried out to determine the candidate distribution area of the window, including:

[0091] Divide the building facade into regions according to the orientation, calculate the corresponding dominant wind direction ventilation coefficient and the key direction of solar radiation light coefficient of each region;

[0092] For each functional area, match the facade area with a light coefficient that meets the lighting demand, and match the facade area with a ventilation coefficient that meets the ventilation demand;

[0093] Take the facade area that meets both the light coefficient and the ventilation coefficient as the candidate distribution area of the window, and mark the priority of each candidate area, the priority is positively correlated with the coefficient meeting degree.

[0094] It should be noted that, based on the building's orientation, the building facade is divided into multiple zones. For each zone, the ventilation coefficient under the prevailing wind direction and the illuminance coefficient under the key direction of solar radiation are calculated. The wind direction ventilation coefficient is primarily adjusted for ventilation effectiveness based on wind resistance and wind speed. The illuminance coefficient is calculated based on the illuminance intensity and shading conditions of each zone. For example, a south-facing facade is identified as the primary lighting area, with a southeast wind direction; this area has an illuminance coefficient of 0.75 and a wind speed-adjusted ventilation coefficient of 1.2. Each functional area (such as the living room, bedroom, and office) has different lighting and ventilation requirements. Based on the calculated illuminance and ventilation coefficients, facade areas meeting the requirements are matched with the functional areas. Lighting requirements: Sufficient sunlight is required. For areas requiring good ventilation (such as living rooms), areas with higher illuminance coefficients are prioritized. For areas requiring good ventilation (such as bedrooms), areas with higher ventilation coefficients are prioritized. For example, living rooms have higher illuminance requirements, and the suitable exterior facade area is south-facing with an illuminance coefficient greater than 0.7; bedrooms have higher ventilation requirements, and the suitable exterior facade area is east-facing with higher wind speeds. Considering both illuminance and ventilation requirements, candidate window distribution areas are selected from the compliant exterior facade areas. The priority of each area is determined by the illuminance and ventilation coefficients, with areas having better illuminance and ventilation having higher priority. For example, south-facing and east-facing facades are identified as priority areas for illuminance and ventilation, respectively. The south-facing illuminance coefficient is 0.75, and the east-facing ventilation coefficient is 1.2, therefore these two areas are prioritized for window locations.

[0095] In one optional embodiment, obtaining user habit data regarding window layout includes:

[0096] Through user surveys, we collected activity trajectory data of users in various functional areas of similar buildings to identify commonly used activity areas.

[0097] Statistics were compiled on users' preferences for window locations within frequently used activity areas, including the distance between the window and the activity point and its relative orientation.

[0098] By analyzing the frequency of window opening in different seasons and time periods, and correlating the relationship between window location and opening frequency, data on people's habitual window layout can be obtained.

[0099] It needs to be explained that through user research or data collection, the location and activity type of commonly used activity areas in the building are understood; for example, which areas are commonly used for meetings, entertainment, rest, etc.; these activity areas will affect the selection of window location, and the window needs to meet the lighting and ventilation needs of these areas; for example: surveys show that office areas and conference rooms are areas where people are active frequently, while bedrooms have lower usage frequency; the office area is located on the south side of the building, while the conference room is located on the east side of the building; through research and interviews, user preferences for windows are understood; for example, do users prefer windows to be close to activity areas, or does the orientation of the window affect their comfort level; collecting this data can help optimize window layout; for example: surveys show that users prefer to have windows near their desks, and the windows should preferably face directions with abundant natural light, such as south; analyze the frequency of users opening windows in different seasons and time periods; this helps determine which windows are more likely to be opened and which window locations require better ventilation or larger opening areas; optimization of window layout is not only for lighting and ventilation, but also to meet the actual needs of users opening windows; for example: in summer, users tend to open windows in the morning and evening, while in winter, they mainly open windows during the day, especially in office areas; south-facing windows have a higher opening frequency.

[0100] In an optional embodiment, the candidate distribution area of the window is adjusted using habit data of the person on the window layout to obtain a final building window location design scheme, including:

[0101] Match the preferred window location of the commonly used activity area in the habit data with the candidate distribution area, and fine-tune the position of the unmatched candidate area;

[0102] According to the position characteristics associated with the window opening frequency, the window size and opening mode of the candidate distribution area are optimized;

[0103] Verify whether the adjusted window location still meets the maximum limit of lighting and ventilation needs, if it meets, it is determined as the final building window location design scheme, if it does not meet, it is fine-tuned again until it meets.

[0104] It should be noted that the user's window preferences and candidate areas in architectural design are matched to find positions that do not conform to the user's habits; based on these feedback, the window position is fine-tuned to better meet the actual needs; for example: if the user prefers to have a window near the desk, but the candidate window position does not match the office area, the window position may need to be adjusted to be closer to the desk; based on the window opening frequency data, determine the size and opening mode of the window in different positions; the ventilation effect and user's usage habits need to be considered to optimize the window design; for example, areas with high ventilation needs may require larger windows or openable windows; for example: office and conference room windows require larger opening areas, while bedroom windows can be smaller and designed as sliding windows to save space; the last step is to verify whether the fine-tuned window position still meets the lighting and ventilation requirements; if not, further adjustments are made until the best solution is found; for example: the adjusted window position can ensure that the living room and bedroom can meet the lighting and ventilation requirements, and the user's window opening habits are maximized; finally, the position is determined as the design scheme.

[0105] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above in combination with the drawings, but the present application is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the purpose of the present application.

Claims

1. A natural ventilation factor based green building design ventilation daylighting optimization system, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: a data acquisition unit is used to collect data of a building site to obtain a basic environment data set, wherein the basic environment data set comprises at least one local dominant wind direction, corresponding wind speed and annual sun trajectory data; a direction positioning unit is used to generate an annual sun irradiation direction diagram based on the annual sun trajectory data in the basic environment data set, to extract directions above an illumination intensity threshold value through the annual sun irradiation direction diagram, and to form at least one sun irradiation key direction; to obtain lighting requirements of the building, which comprise illumination intensity requirements of each functional area, and ventilation requirements, which comprise air flow rate requirements of each functional area; an obstruction identification unit is used to collect topographic data of the building site, to identify topographic obstruction conditions based on the topographic data, and to correct the dominant wind direction and wind speed in the basic environment data set in combination with the topographic obstruction conditions, to calculate a ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction, and to use the ventilation coefficient to represent actual available ventilation efficiency; a location design unit is used to correct the illumination intensity of the sun irradiation key direction in combination with the topographic obstruction conditions, to calculate an illumination coefficient of the sun irradiation key direction, to reflect actual available illumination efficiency, and to perform preliminary location design of the building window according to the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction, the illumination coefficient of the sun irradiation key direction, the lighting requirements and the ventilation requirements, and to determine a candidate distribution area of the window. a ventilation optimization unit is used to obtain habit data of a person on window layout, which comprises window preferred positions of commonly used activity areas and position characteristics associated with window opening frequency; and to adjust the candidate distribution area of the window by using the habit data of the person on window layout to obtain a final building window location design scheme.

2. A green building design ventilation daylighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors according to claim 1, characterized in that, Data of a building site is collected to obtain a basic environment data set, comprising: wind direction data and wind speed data of the building site in a continuous preset period are collected by a meteorological monitoring device, at least one wind direction with the highest occurrence frequency is selected as a dominant wind direction, and the average wind speed and wind speed fluctuation range corresponding to each dominant wind direction are recorded; latitude, longitude and altitude data of the building site are obtained by a sunshine monitoring device or astronomical algorithm, and the sun elevation angle and azimuth angle in each period of the year are calculated in combination with the earth revolution trajectory to form annual sun trajectory data; the dominant wind direction, corresponding wind speed data and annual sun trajectory data are integrated to establish the basic environment data set.

3. A green building design ventilation daylighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the annual sun trajectory data in the basic environment data set, an annual sun irradiation direction diagram is generated, and directions above an illumination intensity threshold value are extracted through the annual sun irradiation direction diagram to form at least one sun irradiation key direction, comprising: based on the annual sun trajectory data, time periods are divided according to seasons or months, a sun irradiation direction sub-diagram of each time period is generated, and the sub-diagrams are integrated to form the annual sun irradiation direction diagram; set a light intensity threshold corresponding to a building function, extract directions in each period from the annual solar irradiation direction diagram whose irradiation intensity exceeds the threshold, and count the occurrence duration and cumulative light intensity of each direction; determine the directions with a cumulative light intensity ranking in the top pre-set number as the key solar irradiation directions.

4. The green building design ventilation daylighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors according to claim 3, wherein, obtain the lighting and ventilation requirements of the building, including: divide the functional areas according to the use function of the building, including office area, residential area and public activity area; for each functional area, determine the minimum light intensity and light duration requirement of the area according to the building design specification and user requirements, and obtain the lighting requirement; for each functional area, determine the minimum air flow rate and ventilation duration requirement of the area according to the indoor air quality standard and human comfort requirement, and obtain the ventilation requirement.

5. A green building design ventilation daylighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors according to claim 4, characterized in that, collect the terrain data of the building site, and identify the terrain shielding condition based on the terrain data, including: obtain the terrain elevation data of the building site and the surrounding area within a pre-set range, and generate a terrain three-dimensional model; identify the shielding objects from the terrain three-dimensional model, including mountains, adjacent buildings and trees, record the height, distance from the building site and distribution range of each shielding object; calculate the shielding angle and shielding area of each shielding object to the building site in different periods according to the height and distance of the shielding object, and obtain the terrain shielding condition.

6. A green building design ventilation daylighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors according to claim 5, characterized in that, correct the dominant wind direction and wind speed in the basic environment data set in combination with the terrain shielding condition, and calculate the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction, including: calculate the wind resistance coefficient of each dominant wind direction based on the distribution range and height of the shielding object in the terrain shielding condition, which is positively correlated with the density and height of the shielding object; correct the wind speed corresponding to the dominant wind direction by using the wind resistance coefficient, and obtain the effective wind speed actually reaching the building site; multiply the effective wind speed by the occurrence frequency of the dominant wind direction to obtain the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction.

7. A green building design ventilation daylighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors according to claim 6, characterized in that, correct the light intensity of the key solar irradiation direction in combination with the terrain shielding condition, and calculate the light coefficient of the key solar irradiation direction, including: determine the time length proportion of each key solar irradiation direction being shielded in different periods based on the shielding angle and shielding area in the terrain shielding condition; perform attenuation calculation on the original light intensity of each key solar irradiation direction according to the shielding time length proportion, and obtain the effective light intensity actually reaching the building site; weight and fuse the effective light intensity and the occurrence time length of the key solar irradiation direction to obtain the light coefficient of the key solar irradiation direction.

8. The green building design ventilation daylighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors according to claim 7, wherein, perform preliminary position design of the building window according to the ventilation coefficient of the dominant wind direction, the light coefficient of the key solar irradiation direction, the lighting requirement and the ventilation requirement, and determine the candidate distribution area of the window, including: divide the building facade into areas according to the orientation, calculate the dominant wind direction ventilation coefficient and key solar irradiation direction light coefficient corresponding to each area; for each functional area, match the facade area with a light coefficient meeting the requirement according to its lighting requirement, and match the facade area with a ventilation coefficient meeting the requirement according to its ventilation requirement; The facade region that meets the standard of both the daylighting coefficient and the ventilation coefficient is taken as a candidate distribution region of the window, and a priority of each candidate region is marked, the priority being positively correlated with the standard meeting degree of the coefficient.

9. The green building design ventilation daylighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors of claim 8, wherein, The habit data of the person to the window layout is acquired, including: Through user research, activity trajectory data of users in each functional region in similar buildings is collected to determine the commonly used activity region; The preference of the user to the window position in the commonly used activity region is counted, including the distance and relative orientation of the window and the activity point; The opening frequency of the window in different seasons and time periods is analyzed, and the relationship between the window position and the opening frequency is associated to obtain the habit data of the person to the window layout.

10. The green building design ventilation daylighting optimization system based on natural ventilation factors according to claim 9, wherein, The candidate distribution region of the window is adjusted by using the habit data of the person to the window layout to obtain a final building window position design scheme, including: The habit data of the person to the window layout is acquired, including: The preferred window position in the commonly used activity region in the habit data is matched with the candidate distribution region, and the position of the unmatched candidate region is fine-tuned; According to the position characteristics associated with the opening frequency, the size and opening mode of the window in the candidate distribution region are optimized; It is verified whether the adjusted window position still meets the maximum implementation of the daylighting requirement and the ventilation requirement, if yes, it is determined as the final building window position design scheme, if not, the fine-tuning is performed again until the requirement is met.

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