Solar array simulator equalized power supply and distribution control system

Abstract

The application discloses a solar array simulator equalization power supply and distribution control system, and relates to the technical field of solar energy, which comprises a first photovoltaic module, a second photovoltaic module, a low-voltage detection module, an electric energy transmission module, a voltage stabilizing module, a first energy storage module, a second energy storage module, an isolation voltage transformation module, an equalization module and a micro-control module. The solar array simulator equalization power supply and distribution control system can improve energy storage efficiency and control voltage balance, improve the utilization rate of electric energy and prolong the service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar energy technology, specifically a balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator. Background Technology

[0002] A solar array simulator, also known as a photovoltaic array simulator, is a power source that simulates the static and dynamic current and voltage characteristics of a solar panel array. To avoid wasting the electrical energy generated by the simulated solar panels, multiple sets of batteries are used to store the electrical energy generated by each simulated solar panel in a one-to-one manner. However, when multiple sets of batteries are connected in series to supply power, the voltage imbalance of the stored electrical energy can easily reduce the discharge efficiency of the batteries, shorten their lifespan, and when the battery voltage reaches a certain level and the electrical energy converted from solar energy cannot meet the charging demand, the electrical energy generated by the simulated solar panels can no longer be stored, resulting in energy waste. Therefore, improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator is provided, comprising: a first photovoltaic module, a second photovoltaic module, a low-voltage detection module, a microcontroller module, a power transmission module, a voltage stabilizing module, a first energy storage module, a second energy storage module, a balancing module, and an isolation transformer module;

[0005] The first photovoltaic module is connected to the microcontroller module and the second photovoltaic module. It is used for photoelectric conversion and outputting first electrical energy. When it receives the first control signal output by the microcontroller module, it is superimposed with the third electrical energy output by the second photovoltaic module and outputs second electrical energy.

[0006] The second photovoltaic module is connected to the isolation transformer module and the microcontroller module. It is used for photoelectric conversion and outputting third electrical energy. When it receives the second control signal output by the microcontroller module, it transmits the third electrical energy to the isolation transformer module.

[0007] A low-voltage detection module, connected to the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module, is used to output a self-balancing signal when a first control signal is received and the voltage of the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module connected in series is lower than a set low-voltage threshold.

[0008] The power transmission module is connected to the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module and the microcontroller module, and is used to transmit the first power and the third power, and to stop power transmission when the first control signal is received;

[0009] The voltage regulator module is connected to the microcontroller module and the power transmission module. When it receives the first regulation signal output by the microcontroller module, it regulates the voltage of the first power and outputs the fourth power. When it receives the second regulation signal output by the microcontroller module, it regulates the voltage of the third power and outputs the fifth power.

[0010] The first energy storage module is connected to the voltage regulator module, microcontroller module, isolation transformer module and equalization module. It is used to store the fourth electrical energy and provide the sixth electrical energy. It is superimposed with the seventh electrical energy provided by the second energy storage module and outputs the eighth electrical energy. When it receives the first conduction signal output by the microcontroller module, it transmits the sixth electrical energy to the equalization module. When it receives the fourth conduction signal output by the microcontroller module, it stores the first equalization electrical energy or the second equalization electrical energy output by the equalization module. When it receives the self-equalization signal, it transmits the eighth electrical energy to the isolation transformer module or stores the second equalization electrical energy.

[0011] The second energy storage module is connected to the voltage regulator module, the equalization module and the microcontroller module. It is used to store the fifth electrical energy and provide the seventh electrical energy. When it receives the second conduction signal output by the microcontroller module, it transmits the seventh electrical energy to the equalization module. When it receives the third conduction signal output by the microcontroller module, it stores the first equalization energy or the second equalization energy.

[0012] An isolation transformer module, connected to the equalization module, the microcontroller module and the first photovoltaic module, is used to perform isolation transformer regulation on the received second, third or eighth electrical energy and output the first equalization electrical energy when receiving the first drive signal output by the microcontroller module, and to output the second equalization electrical energy when receiving the ninth electrical energy transmitted by the equalization module.

[0013] The equalization module, connected to the microcontroller module, is used to adjust the sixth or seventh electrical energy and output the ninth electrical energy when it receives the first pulse signal output by the microcontroller module, and to transmit the first equalization electrical energy to the first energy storage module or the second energy storage module when it receives the second pulse signal output by the microcontroller module.

[0014] The microcontroller module, connected to the low-voltage detection module, is used to output a first adjustment signal and a second adjustment signal. When the second energy storage module is fully charged, it outputs a second control signal and a first drive signal. When neither the first photovoltaic module nor the second photovoltaic module can provide the required charging power independently, it outputs the first control signal and the first drive signal. When a self-balancing signal is received, it stops outputting the first control signal, the first adjustment signal, and the second adjustment signal. When the power of the second energy storage module is lower than that of the first energy storage module and no self-balancing signal is received, it outputs a third conduction signal and a second pulse signal. When a self-balancing signal is received, it outputs the third conduction signal, the second pulse signal, the first conduction signal, and the first pulse signal. When the power of the first energy storage module is lower than that of the second energy storage module and no self-balancing signal is received, it outputs a fourth conduction signal and a second pulse signal. When the second energy storage module does not require voltage balancing and the voltage of the first energy storage module is higher than that of the second energy storage module, it outputs the first conduction signal and the second pulse signal.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the first photovoltaic module includes a first thyristor, a second thyristor, and a first simulator; the second photovoltaic module includes a third thyristor and a second simulator; the microcontroller module includes a first controller;

[0016] Preferably, the first terminal of the first thyristor is connected to the first terminal of the first simulator, the second terminal of the first thyristor is connected to one terminal of the third thyristor and the isolation transformer module, the other terminal of the third thyristor is connected to the first terminal of the second thyristor and the first terminal of the second simulator, the second terminal of the second thyristor is connected to the second terminal of the first simulator, the control terminal of the first thyristor is connected to the control terminal of the second thyristor and the IO1 terminal of the first controller, the control terminal of the third thyristor is connected to the IO2 terminal of the first controller, and the second terminal of the second simulator is connected to the power transmission module.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the voltage regulator module includes a first capacitor, a first inductor, a fifth power transistor, a first diode, and a second capacitor;

[0018] Preferably, the first terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the power transmission module and connected to the anode of the first diode and the drain of the fifth power transistor through the first inductor. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the first energy storage module and connected to the source of the fifth power transistor and the second terminal of the first capacitor through the second capacitor. The gate of the fifth power transistor is connected to the IO9 terminal of the first controller.

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the power transmission module includes a fifth thyristor, a sixth thyristor, a first resistor, a seventh thyristor, and a first switching transistor; the voltage regulation module also includes a voltage adjustment device;

[0020] Preferably, the control terminal of the fifth thyristor is connected to the control terminals of the sixth and seventh thyristors and the collector of the first switching transistor, and is connected to one end of the fifth thyristor and the first end of the first simulator through a first resistor. One end of the sixth thyristor is connected to the second power source of the first simulator. The other ends of the fifth and sixth thyristors are respectively connected to the first and second ends of the first capacitor. One end of the seventh thyristor is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator. The ground terminal of the voltage regulator is connected to the second end of the second simulator. The emitter of the first switching transistor is grounded. The base of the first switching transistor and the control terminal of the voltage regulator are respectively connected to the IO1 and IO10 terminals of the first controller. The output terminal of the voltage regulator is connected to the second energy storage module.

[0021] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the first energy storage module includes a first battery, a first power transistor, a second power transistor, a third power transistor, a fourth power transistor, and a fourth thyristor;

[0022] Preferably, the first terminal of the first battery is connected to the drain of the first power transistor, the first terminal of the fourth thyristor, and the cathode of the first diode; the second terminal of the fourth thyristor is connected to the second terminal of the first thyristor; the source of the first power transistor is connected to the source of the second power transistor; the drain of the second power transistor and the source of the fourth power transistor are connected to the equalization module; the drain of the fourth power transistor is connected to the drain of the third power transistor; the source of the third power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the first battery and the source of the fourth power transistor; the gate of the first power transistor is connected to the gate of the third power transistor and the IO3 terminal of the first controller; and the gate of the second power transistor is connected to the gate of the fourth power transistor and the IO6 terminal of the first controller.

[0023] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the second energy storage module includes a second battery and a bidirectional transmission device;

[0024] Preferably, the first end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the first end of the second battery and the second end of the first battery, the second end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the second end of the second battery and the grounding end of the voltage regulation device, the third end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the drain of the second power transistor and the equalization module, the fourth end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor, and the first control end and the second control end of the bidirectional transmission device are respectively connected to the IO4 and IO5 ends of the first controller.

[0025] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the isolation transformer module includes a first transformer and a sixth power transistor;

[0026] Preferably, the first end of the first secondary side of the first transformer, the first end of the second secondary side of the first transformer, and the second end of the second secondary side of the first transformer are connected to the equalization module. The first end of the first secondary side of the first transformer is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor. The first end of the primary side of the first transformer is connected to the second end of the fourth thyristor and the second end of the first thyristor. The second end of the primary side of the first transformer is connected to the drain of the sixth power transistor. The source of the sixth power transistor is connected to the second end of the second battery. The gate of the sixth power transistor is connected to the IO7 terminal of the first control.

[0027] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the equalization module includes a seventh power transistor and a second diode;

[0028] Preferably, the drain of the seventh power transistor is connected to the drain of the second power transistor, the source of the seventh power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the first secondary side of the first transformer, the anode of the second diode is connected to the second terminal of the first secondary side of the first transformer, the cathode of the second diode is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor, and the gate of the seventh power transistor is connected to the IO11 terminal of the first controller.

[0029] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the equalization module also includes an eighth power transistor;

[0030] Preferably, the source of the eighth power transistor is connected to the drain of the second power transistor, the drain of the eighth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the first secondary side of the first transformer, and the gate of the eighth power transistor is connected to the IO12 terminal of the first controller.

[0031] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the low-voltage detection module includes a ninth power transistor, a first power supply, and a low-voltage detection device;

[0032] Preferably, the drain of the ninth power transistor is connected to the first power supply, the source of the ninth power transistor is connected to the power supply terminal of the low-voltage detection device, the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the low-voltage detection device are respectively connected to the first terminal of the first simulator and the second terminal of the second simulator, the output terminal of the low-voltage detection device is connected to the control terminal of the fourth thyristor and the IO8 terminal of the first controller, and the gate of the ninth power transistor is connected to the IO1 terminal of the first controller.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The solar array simulator equalization power distribution control system of the present invention can supply power to the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module separately when the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module meet the charging requirements. When the second energy storage module is fully charged, the second photovoltaic module is controlled to supply power to the isolation transformer module. When both the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module are at low voltage, the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module are connected in series and supply power to the isolation transformer module. Through the isolation transformer module and the equalization module, power can be supplied to the first energy storage module or the second energy storage module in the low voltage state to meet the voltage balance of the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module. When the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module are connected in series and low voltage occurs, the first energy storage module is controlled to supply power to the isolation transformer module. With the help of the isolation transformer module and the equalization module, the high voltage is controlled to supply power to the low voltage direction, realizing the self-balancing control of the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module, improving energy storage efficiency and voltage balance, improving the utilization rate of electrical energy, and extending the service life of the energy storage device. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of a balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 The circuit diagram of a balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 The circuit diagram of the voltage regulator module provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 The circuit diagram of the power transmission module provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a first circuit diagram of an equalization module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a second circuit diagram of the equalization module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 7 The circuit diagram is provided for a low-voltage detection module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 A balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator includes: a first photovoltaic module 1, a second photovoltaic module 2, a low-voltage detection module 3, a microcontroller module 4, a power transmission module 5, a voltage stabilizing module 6, a first energy storage module 7, a second energy storage module 8, a balancing module 9, and an isolation transformer module 10.

[0044] Specifically, the first photovoltaic module 1 is connected to the microcontroller module 4 and the second photovoltaic module 2, and is used for photoelectric conversion and outputting first electrical energy. When it receives the first control signal output by the microcontroller module 4, it is superimposed with the third electrical energy output by the second photovoltaic module 2 and outputs second electrical energy.

[0045] The second photovoltaic module 2 is connected to the isolation transformer module 10 and the microcontroller module 4. It is used for photoelectric conversion and outputting third electrical energy. When it receives the second control signal output by the microcontroller module 4, it transmits the third electrical energy to the isolation transformer module 10.

[0046] The low-voltage detection module 3 is connected to the first photovoltaic module 1 and the second photovoltaic module 2, and is used to output a self-balancing signal when a first control signal is received and the voltage of the first photovoltaic module 1 and the second photovoltaic module 2 connected in series is lower than a set low-voltage threshold.

[0047] The power transmission module 5 is connected to the first photovoltaic module 1, the second photovoltaic module 2 and the microcontroller module 4, and is used to transmit the first power and the third power, and to stop power transmission when the first control signal is received.

[0048] The voltage regulator module 6 is connected to the microcontroller module 4 and the power transmission module 5. When it receives the first regulation signal output by the microcontroller module 4, it regulates the voltage of the first power and outputs the fourth power. When it receives the second regulation signal output by the microcontroller module 4, it regulates the voltage of the third power and outputs the fifth power.

[0049] The first energy storage module 7 is connected to the voltage regulator module 6, the microcontroller module 4, the isolation transformer module 10, and the equalization module 9. It is used to store the fourth electrical energy and provide the sixth electrical energy. It is superimposed with the seventh electrical energy provided by the second energy storage module 8 and outputs the eighth electrical energy. When it receives the first conduction signal output by the microcontroller module 4, it transmits the sixth electrical energy to the equalization module 9. When it receives the fourth conduction signal output by the microcontroller module 4, it stores the first equalization electrical energy or the second equalization electrical energy output by the equalization module 9. When it receives the self-equalization signal, it transmits the eighth electrical energy to the isolation transformer module 10 or stores the second equalization electrical energy.

[0050] The second energy storage module 8 is connected to the voltage regulator module 6, the equalization module 9 and the microcontroller module 4. It is used to store the fifth electrical energy and provide the seventh electrical energy. When it receives the second conduction signal output by the microcontroller module 4, it transmits the seventh electrical energy to the equalization module 9. When it receives the third conduction signal output by the microcontroller module 4, it stores the first equalization electrical energy or the second equalization electrical energy.

[0051] The isolation transformer module 10 is connected to the equalization module 9, the microcontroller module 4 and the first photovoltaic module 1. When it receives the first drive signal output by the microcontroller module 4, it performs isolation transformer regulation on the received second, third or eighth electrical energy and outputs the first equalization electrical energy. When it receives the ninth electrical energy transmitted by the equalization module 9, it outputs the second equalization electrical energy.

[0052] The equalization module 9 is connected to the microcontroller module 4 and is used to adjust the sixth or seventh electrical energy and output the ninth electrical energy when it receives the first pulse signal output by the microcontroller module 4. When it receives the second pulse signal output by the microcontroller module 4, it transmits the first equalization electrical energy to the first energy storage module 7 or the second energy storage module 8.

[0053] The microcontroller module 4, connected to the low-voltage detection module 3, is used to output a first adjustment signal and a second adjustment signal. When the second energy storage module 8 is fully charged, it outputs a second control signal and a first drive signal. When neither the first photovoltaic module 1 nor the second photovoltaic module 2 can provide the required charging power independently, it outputs a first control signal and a first drive signal. When a self-balancing signal is received, it stops outputting the first control signal, the first adjustment signal, and the second adjustment signal. When the power of the second energy storage module 8 is lower than that of the first energy storage module 7 and no self-balancing signal is received, it outputs a third conduction signal and a second pulse signal. When a self-balancing signal is received, it outputs a third conduction signal, a second pulse signal, a first conduction signal, and a first pulse signal. When the power of the first energy storage module 7 is lower than that of the second energy storage module and no self-balancing signal is received, it outputs a fourth conduction signal and a second pulse signal. When the second energy storage module 8 does not require voltage balancing and the voltage of the first energy storage module 7 is higher than that of the second energy storage module 8, it outputs a first conduction signal and a second pulse signal.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, the first photovoltaic module 1 can be a first photovoltaic circuit composed of a solar simulator and a thyristor, which can simulate solar energy for photoelectric conversion and power transmission and is controlled by an intelligent control module, and is connected in series with the second photovoltaic module 2; the second photovoltaic module 2 can be a first photovoltaic circuit composed of a solar simulator and a thyristor, which can simulate solar energy for photoelectric conversion and power transmission; the low-voltage detection module 3 can be a low-voltage detection circuit composed of a low-voltage detection device, a field-effect transistor and a voltage regulator, which can sample the voltage of the first photovoltaic module 1 and the second photovoltaic module 2 in series and detect the voltage magnitude of the sampled signal and the set low-voltage threshold, and output a self-balancing signal when the voltage of the sampled signal is lower than the low-voltage threshold; the microcontroller module 4 can be a microcontroller circuit composed of a single-chip microcomputer, which integrates many components such as an arithmetic unit, a controller, a memory and input / output devices, and realizes functions such as signal processing, data storage, module control and timing control; the power transmission module 5 can be a power transmission circuit composed of a thyristor, a transistor and a resistor, which can transmit power from the first photovoltaic module 1 to the second photovoltaic module 2. The electrical energy output from the first and second photovoltaic modules 1 and 2 is transmitted to the voltage regulator module 6 and used for power-off control. The voltage regulator module 6 can be a voltage regulator circuit composed of inductors, field-effect transistors, voltage regulators, etc., which can regulate the input electrical energy. The first energy storage module 7 can be a first energy storage circuit composed of batteries, thyristors, and field-effect transistors, which can store and discharge energy and perform bidirectional power transmission control with the equalization module 9, and can also perform power transmission control with the isolation transformer module 10. The second energy storage module 8 can be a second energy storage circuit composed of batteries and bidirectional transmission devices, which can store and discharge energy and perform bidirectional power transmission control with the equalization module 9. The equalization module 9 can be an equalization circuit composed of field-effect transistors and diodes, which can perform bidirectional power transmission control, realize the power interaction between the isolation transformer module 10 and the first energy storage module 7 or the second energy storage module 8, and complete the voltage equalization control of the first energy storage module 7 and the second energy storage module 8. The isolation transformer module 10 can be an isolation transformer circuit composed of transformers and field-effect transistors, which can perform isolation transformer control and high-frequency transformer control.

[0055] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first photovoltaic module 1 includes a first thyristor S1, a second thyristor S2, and a first simulator; the second photovoltaic module 2 includes a third thyristor S3 and a second simulator; the microcontroller module 4 includes a first controller U1;

[0056] Specifically, the first terminal of the first thyristor S1 is connected to the first terminal of the first simulator, the second terminal of the first thyristor S1 is connected to one terminal of the third thyristor S3 and the isolation transformer module 10, the other terminal of the third thyristor S3 is connected to the first terminal of the second thyristor S2 and the first terminal of the second simulator, the second terminal of the second thyristor S2 is connected to the second terminal of the first simulator, the control terminal of the first thyristor S1 is connected to the control terminal of the second thyristor S2 and the IO1 terminal of the first controller U1, the control terminal of the third thyristor S3 is connected to the IO2 terminal of the first controller U1, and the second terminal of the second simulator is connected to the power transmission module 5.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, the first thyristor S1, the second thyristor S2, and the third thyristor S3 can all be bidirectional thyristors; the first simulator and the second simulator can both be solar cells from a solar array simulator; and the first controller U1 can be an STM32 microcontroller.

[0058] Furthermore, the voltage regulator module 6 includes a first capacitor C1, a first inductor L1, a fifth power transistor Q5, a first diode D1, and a second capacitor C2;

[0059] Specifically, the first terminal of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the power transmission module 5 and is connected to the anode of the first diode D1 and the drain of the fifth power transistor Q5 through the first inductor L1. The cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the first energy storage module 7 and is connected to the source of the fifth power transistor Q5 and the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 through the second capacitor C2. The gate of the fifth power transistor Q5 is connected to the IO9 terminal of the first controller U1.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, the fifth power transistor Q5 can be an N-channel MOSFET.

[0061] Furthermore, the power transmission module 5 includes a fifth thyristor S5, a sixth thyristor S6, a first resistor R1, a seventh thyristor S7, and a first switching transistor V1; the voltage regulation module 6 also includes a voltage adjustment device.

[0062] Specifically, the control terminal of the fifth thyristor S5 is connected to the control terminals of the sixth thyristor S6 and the seventh thyristor S7, and the collector of the first switching transistor V1. A first resistor R1 connects one end of the fifth thyristor S5 to the first end of the first simulator. One end of the sixth thyristor S6 is connected to the second power source of the first simulator. The other ends of the fifth thyristor S5 and the sixth thyristor S6 are respectively connected to the first and second ends of the first capacitor C1. One end of the seventh thyristor S7 is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator. The ground terminal of the voltage regulator is connected to the second end of the second simulator. The emitter of the first switching transistor V1 is grounded. The base of the first switching transistor V1 and the control terminal of the voltage regulator are respectively connected to the IO1 and IO10 terminals of the first controller U1. The output terminal of the voltage regulator is connected to the second energy storage module 8.

[0063] In a specific embodiment, the fifth thyristor S5, the sixth thyristor S6, and the seventh thyristor S7 can all be bidirectional thyristors; the first switching transistor V1 can be an NPN transistor; the circuit structure of the voltage regulation device is the same as that of the first capacitor C1, the first inductor L1, the fifth power transistor Q5, the first diode D1, and the second capacitor C2, and performs voltage regulation.

[0064] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The first energy storage module 7 includes a first battery, a first power transistor Q1, a second power transistor Q2, a third power transistor Q3, a fourth power transistor Q4, and a fourth thyristor S4;

[0065] Specifically, the first terminal of the first battery is connected to the drain of the first power transistor Q1, the first terminal of the fourth thyristor S4, and the cathode of the first diode D1. The second terminal of the fourth thyristor S4 is connected to the second terminal of the first thyristor S1. The source of the first power transistor Q1 is connected to the source of the second power transistor Q2. The drain of the second power transistor Q2 and the source of the fourth power transistor Q4 are connected to the equalization module 9. The drain of the fourth power transistor Q4 is connected to the drain of the third power transistor Q3. The source of the third power transistor Q3 is connected to the second terminal of the first battery and the source of the fourth power transistor Q4. The gate of the first power transistor Q1 is connected to the gate of the third power transistor Q3 and the IO3 terminal of the first controller U1. The gate of the second power transistor Q2 is connected to the gate of the fourth power transistor Q4 and the IO6 terminal of the first controller U1.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, the first power transistor Q1, the second power transistor Q2, the third power transistor Q3, and the fourth power transistor Q4 can all be N-channel field-effect transistors. The first power transistor Q1 and the third power transistor Q3 control the first battery to discharge, and the second power transistor Q2 and the fourth power transistor Q4 control the first battery to charge. The first battery can be a storage battery. The fourth thyristor S4 can be a bidirectional thyristor.

[0067] Furthermore, the second energy storage module 8 includes a second battery and a bidirectional transmission device;

[0068] Specifically, the first end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the first end of the second battery and the second end of the first battery, the second end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the second end of the second battery and the grounding end of the voltage regulating device, the third end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the drain of the second power transistor Q2 and the equalization module 9, the fourth end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor Q4, and the first control end and the second control end of the bidirectional transmission device are respectively connected to the IO4 and IO5 ends of the first controller U1.

[0069] In a specific embodiment, the second battery can be a storage battery; the circuit structure of the bidirectional transmission device is the same as that of the first power transistor Q1, the second power transistor Q2, the third power transistor Q3 and the fourth power transistor Q4, and controls the energy storage and discharge of the second battery.

[0070] Furthermore, the isolation transformer module 10 includes a first transformer B1 and a sixth power transistor Q6;

[0071] Specifically, the first end of the first secondary side of the first transformer B1, the first end of the second secondary side of the first transformer B1, and the second end of the second secondary side of the first transformer B1 are connected to the equalization module 9. The first end of the first secondary side of the first transformer B1 is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor Q4. The first end of the primary side of the first transformer B1 is connected to the second end of the fourth thyristor S4 and the second end of the first thyristor S1. The second end of the primary side of the first transformer B1 is connected to the drain of the sixth power transistor Q6. The source of the sixth power transistor Q6 is connected to the second end of the second battery. The gate of the sixth power transistor Q6 is connected to the IO7 terminal of the first control.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, the sixth power transistor Q6 can be an N-channel MOSFET.

[0073] Furthermore, the equalization module 9 includes a seventh power transistor Q7 and a second diode D2;

[0074] Specifically, the drain of the seventh power transistor Q7 is connected to the drain of the second power transistor Q2, the source of the seventh power transistor Q7 is connected to the first terminal of the first secondary side of the first transformer B1, the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second terminal of the first secondary side of the first transformer B1, the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor Q4, and the gate of the seventh power transistor Q7 is connected to the IO11 terminal of the first controller U1.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, the seventh power transistor Q7 can be an N-channel MOSFET to transmit electrical energy to the first secondary side of the first transformer B1.

[0076] Furthermore, the equalization module 9 also includes an eighth power transistor Q8;

[0077] Specifically, the source of the eighth power transistor Q8 is connected to the drain of the second power transistor Q2, the drain of the eighth power transistor Q8 is connected to the first terminal of the first secondary side of the first transformer B1, and the gate of the eighth power transistor Q8 is connected to the IO12 terminal of the first controller U1.

[0078] In a specific embodiment, the eighth power transistor Q8 can be an N-channel MOSFET, which transmits the electrical energy output from the second secondary side of the first transformer B1 to the first energy storage module 7 or the second energy storage module 8.

[0079] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 7 The low-voltage detection module 3 includes a ninth power transistor Q9, a first power supply VCC1, and a low-voltage detection device.

[0080] Specifically, the drain of the ninth power transistor Q9 is connected to the first power supply VCC1, the source of the ninth power transistor Q9 is connected to the power supply terminal of the low-voltage detection device, the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the low-voltage detection device are respectively connected to the first terminal of the first simulator and the second terminal of the second simulator, the output terminal of the low-voltage detection device is connected to the control terminal of the fourth thyristor S4 and the IO8 terminal of the first controller U1, and the gate of the ninth power transistor Q9 is connected to the IO1 terminal of the first controller U1.

[0081] In a specific embodiment, the ninth power transistor Q9 can be an N-channel MOSFET; the low-voltage detection device can be composed of a resistor voltage divider circuit and a comparator circuit. The voltage divider circuit performs voltage division sampling, and the comparator circuit compares the sampled signal with the voltage of the set low-voltage threshold. When the sampled signal is less than the low-voltage threshold, a self-equalizing signal is output.

[0082] In this embodiment, a balanced power distribution control system for a solar array simulator is implemented. A first simulator and a second simulator perform photoelectric conversion and output first and third electrical energy, respectively. The first electrical energy is transmitted through a fifth thyristor S5 and a sixth thyristor S6. The IO9 terminal of the first controller U1 outputs a first adjustment signal to control the conduction state of the fifth power transistor Q5. This, in conjunction with the first inductor L1, the first capacitor C1, the first diode D1, and the second capacitor C2, regulates the voltage and outputs fourth electrical energy. Similarly, the IO10 terminal of the first controller U1 outputs a second adjustment signal to control the voltage regulation device to regulate the third electrical energy transmitted by the seventh thyristor S7 and outputs fifth electrical energy. The fourth and fifth electrical energies provide charging power for the first and second batteries, respectively. Yes, if the second battery module is fully charged and the first battery's charge is lower than the second battery's, the first controller U1 outputs a second control signal at IO2 to control the third thyristor S3 to conduct, and the first controller U1 outputs a first drive signal at IO7 to control the sixth power transistor Q6 to conduct. This allows the third power to be regulated by the first transformer B1 and the sixth power transistor Q6 at high frequency, outputting the first balanced power. The first controller U1 outputs a fourth conduction signal at IO6 to control the second power transistor Q2 and the fourth power transistor Q4 to conduct. Simultaneously, the first controller U1 outputs a second pulse signal at IO12 to control the eighth power transistor Q8 to conduct, allowing the first balanced power to be transmitted to the third power transistor Q1 through the parasitic diodes on the eighth power transistor Q8, the second power transistor Q2, and the first power transistor Q1. When the power supplied by both the first and second simulators is low, the first controller U1 outputs a first control signal at its IO1 terminal, causing the first and second simulators to be connected in series and supply power to output a second power. Simultaneously, the ninth power transistor Q9 is turned on. The low-voltage detection device checks whether the second power is below the low-voltage threshold. If it is not below the low-voltage threshold, the second power is transferred to the first transformer B1 for high-frequency transformation. When the voltage of the second battery is lower than that of the first battery, the first controller U1 outputs a third turn-on signal at its IO5 terminal and a second pulse signal at its IO12 terminal, thereby supplying power to the second battery and balancing the voltages of the first and second batteries. If the second power is below the low-voltage threshold, it indicates that the first and second simulators cannot supply power. The low-voltage detection device outputs a self-balancing signal, controlling the fourth thyristor S4 to conduct, which is received by the IO8 terminal of the first controller U1. The first controller U1 stops outputting the first control signal, the first adjustment signal, and the second adjustment signal. At this time, if the voltage of the second battery is less than the first voltage, the IO11 terminal of the first controller U1 outputs a first pulse signal to trigger the seventh power transistor Q7 to conduct, and the IO3 terminal outputs a first conduction signal to trigger the first power transistor Q1 and the third power transistor Q3 to conduct, causing the first battery to discharge. The discharge is then transmitted from the first primary side of the first transformer B1 to the second primary side of the first transformer B1, and then through the equalization module 9 and the bidirectional transmission device to the second battery. Similarly, if the voltage of the first battery is lower than the voltage of the second battery at this time...The second battery will provide second equalization power to the first battery through the bidirectional transmission device, equalization module 9, and first transformer B1. If the battery with the lowest voltage does not require voltage equalization, the higher-voltage battery will release power into the battery pack. For example, if the second battery does not require voltage equalization and the voltage of the first battery is higher than that of the second battery, the first controller U1 can output a first conduction signal and a second pulse signal, so that the first battery, the parasitic diode of the first power transistor Q1, the second power transistor Q2, the second secondary side of the first transformer B1, and the fourth power transistor Q4 form a circuit. The second secondary side of the first transformer B1 performs isolation transformation and supplies power to the first and second batteries connected in series.

[0083] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0084] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator, characterized in that, The system includes: Both the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module are connected to the primary side and the microcontroller module of the isolation transformer module, respectively, to perform photoelectric conversion, and the first photovoltaic module can superimpose electrical energy with the second photovoltaic module; A low-voltage detection module, connected to the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module, is used to output a self-balancing signal when the voltage of the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module connected in series is lower than the low-voltage threshold. The power transmission module is connected to the first photovoltaic module, the second photovoltaic module, and the microcontroller module, and is used to control the transmission and switching off of the electrical energy converted by the first photovoltaic module and the second photovoltaic module. The voltage regulator module, connected to the microcontroller module and the power transmission module, is used for voltage regulation. The first energy storage module is connected to the voltage regulator module, microcontroller module, isolation transformer module and equalization module. It is used to store the electrical energy transmitted by the voltage regulator module or equalization module, release the stored electrical energy and superimpose it with the electrical energy released by the second energy storage module, and transmit the released electrical energy or superimposed electrical energy to the equalization module. The second energy storage module is connected to the voltage regulator module, the equalization module, and the microcontroller module. It is used to store the electrical energy transmitted by the voltage regulator module or the equalization module and to release the stored electrical energy. The isolation transformer module has its secondary side connected to the equalization module and its drive end connected to the microcontroller module. It is used to perform unidirectional isolation transformation or selective isolation transformation on the input electrical energy and output equalized electrical energy. The equalization module, connected to the microcontroller module, is used to regulate the electrical energy released by the first energy storage module or the second energy storage module, and to transmit the electrical energy output by the unidirectional isolation transformer. A microcontroller module, connected to the low-voltage detection module, controls the voltage regulator module to perform voltage regulation. When the second energy storage module is fully charged, it controls the power from the second photovoltaic module to be processed by the isolation transformer module and used to charge the first energy storage module. When neither the first nor the second photovoltaic module can provide charging power independently, it controls the first and second photovoltaic modules to be connected in series for voltage boosting and to charge the energy storage module. When a self-balancing signal is received, it controls the voltage regulator module to stop voltage regulation, restores power to the power transmission module, and controls the first and second energy storage modules to perform autonomous voltage balancing. When no self-balancing signal is received, it automatically triggers the balancing module to perform voltage balancing control on the first and second energy storage modules based on the imbalance in power levels. When the voltage of the first energy storage module is higher than that of the second energy storage module and no external balancing is required, it controls the first energy storage module to provide supplementary power to the second energy storage module.

2. The balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first photovoltaic module includes a first thyristor, a second thyristor, and a first simulator; the second photovoltaic module includes a third thyristor and a second simulator; the microcontroller module includes a first controller; The first end of the first thyristor is connected to the first end of the first simulator, the second end of the first thyristor is connected to one end of the third thyristor and the isolation transformer module, the other end of the third thyristor is connected to the first end of the second thyristor and the first end of the second simulator, the second end of the second thyristor is connected to the second end of the first simulator, the control end of the first thyristor is connected to the control end of the second thyristor and the IO1 end of the first controller, the control end of the third thyristor is connected to the IO2 end of the first controller, and the second end of the second simulator is connected to the power transmission module.

3. The balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The voltage regulator module includes a first capacitor, a first inductor, a fifth power transistor, a first diode, and a second capacitor; The first terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the power transmission module and is connected to the anode of the first diode and the drain of the fifth power transistor through the first inductor. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the first energy storage module and is connected to the source of the fifth power transistor and the second terminal of the first capacitor through the second capacitor. The gate of the fifth power transistor is connected to the IO9 terminal of the first controller.

4. The balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power transmission module includes a fifth thyristor, a sixth thyristor, a first resistor, a seventh thyristor, and a first switching transistor; the voltage regulation module also includes a voltage adjustment device. The control terminal of the fifth thyristor is connected to the control terminals of the sixth and seventh thyristors and the collector of the first switching transistor. It is also connected to one end of the fifth thyristor and the first end of the first simulator through the first resistor. One end of the sixth thyristor is connected to the second power source of the first simulator. The other ends of the fifth and sixth thyristors are respectively connected to the first and second ends of the first capacitor. One end of the seventh thyristor is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator. The ground terminal of the voltage regulator is connected to the second end of the second simulator. The emitter of the first switching transistor is grounded. The base of the first switching transistor and the control terminal of the voltage regulator are respectively connected to the IO1 and IO10 terminals of the first controller. The output terminal of the voltage regulator is connected to the second energy storage module.

5. A balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first energy storage module includes a first battery, a first power transistor, a second power transistor, a third power transistor, a fourth power transistor, and a fourth thyristor; The first terminal of the first battery is connected to the drain of the first power transistor, the first terminal of the fourth thyristor, and the cathode of the first diode. The second terminal of the fourth thyristor is connected to the second terminal of the first thyristor. The source of the first power transistor is connected to the source of the second power transistor. The drain of the second power transistor and the source of the fourth power transistor are connected to the equalization module. The drain of the fourth power transistor is connected to the drain of the third power transistor. The source of the third power transistor is connected to the second terminal of the first battery and the source of the fourth power transistor. The gate of the first power transistor is connected to the gate of the third power transistor and the IO3 terminal of the first controller. The gate of the second power transistor is connected to the gate of the fourth power transistor and the IO6 terminal of the first controller.

6. The balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second energy storage module includes a second battery and a bidirectional transmission device; The first end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the first end of the second battery and the second end of the first battery. The second end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the second end of the second battery and the grounding end of the voltage regulation device. The third end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the drain of the second power transistor and the equalization module. The fourth end of the bidirectional transmission device is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor. The first control end and the second control end of the bidirectional transmission device are respectively connected to the IO4 and IO5 ends of the first controller.

7. A balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The isolation transformer module includes a first transformer and a sixth power transistor; The first end of the first secondary side of the first transformer, the first end of the second secondary side of the first transformer, and the second end of the second secondary side of the first transformer are connected to the equalization module. The first end of the first secondary side of the first transformer is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor. The first end of the primary side of the first transformer is connected to the second end of the fourth thyristor and the second end of the first thyristor. The second end of the primary side of the first transformer is connected to the drain of the sixth power transistor. The source of the sixth power transistor is connected to the second end of the second battery. The gate of the sixth power transistor is connected to the IO7 terminal of the first control.

8. A balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The equalization module includes a seventh power transistor and a second diode; The drain of the seventh power transistor is connected to the drain of the second power transistor, the source of the seventh power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the first secondary side of the first transformer, the anode of the second diode is connected to the second terminal of the first secondary side of the first transformer, the cathode of the second diode is connected to the source of the fourth power transistor, and the gate of the seventh power transistor is connected to the IO11 terminal of the first controller.

9. A balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator according to claim 8, characterized in that, The equalization module also includes an eighth power transistor; The source of the eighth power transistor is connected to the drain of the second power transistor, the drain of the eighth power transistor is connected to the first terminal of the first secondary side of the first transformer, and the gate of the eighth power transistor is connected to the IO12 terminal of the first controller.

10. A balanced power supply and distribution control system for a solar array simulator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The low-voltage detection module includes a ninth power transistor, a first power supply, and a low-voltage detection device. The drain of the ninth power transistor is connected to the first power supply, the source of the ninth power transistor is connected to the power supply terminal of the low-voltage detection device, the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the low-voltage detection device are respectively connected to the first terminal of the first simulator and the second terminal of the second simulator, the output terminal of the low-voltage detection device is connected to the control terminal of the fourth thyristor and the IO8 terminal of the first controller, and the gate of the ninth power transistor is connected to the IO1 terminal of the first controller.

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