Supersonic rotational flow atomization dust removal nozzle device and nozzle optimization simulation analysis method

Abstract

The invention provides a supersonic rotational flow atomization dust removal spray head device and a spray pipe optimization simulation analysis method, and relates to the technical field of supersonic rotational flow atomization spray heads, the device comprises an air inlet pipe, a liquid inlet, a shell, a Laval spray pipe, an outer rotational flow pipeline and an atomization spray nozzle, the Laval spray pipe is arranged in the outer rotational flow pipeline, and the atomization spray nozzle is arranged in the shell; a wave elimination section of the Laval nozzle is connected with the atomizing nozzle, a spirally distributed liquid film circular seam is formed in the side wall of a mixing chamber at the lower end of a throat part of the Laval nozzle, and a spiral flow deflector is arranged at an outlet of the atomizing nozzle. Efficient dynamic interaction with rotating liquid supplied by the outer ring spiral channel occurs at the outlet of the nozzle, efficient fog drop crushing and uniform spraying are achieved through airflow acceleration and kinetic energy conversion, and it is guaranteed that the particle size of fog drops meets the requirements of capturing coal dust, improving the atomization efficiency, strengthening the wind resistance and reducing water consumption; better fogdrop particle size matching is realized; and the blocking risk is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of supersonic rotational flow atomization nozzle, in particular to a supersonic rotational flow atomization dust removal nozzle device and a nozzle optimization simulation analysis method, and is especially suitable for use in a mine environment. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wind tunnel experiments and rocket engine nozzle technology are an important part of aerodynamics and aerospace engineering research, and play a crucial role in theoretical simulation and actual testing.

[0003] Supersonic airflow plays a key role in breaking up droplets, and supersonic airflow generates shock waves in the air through high-speed movement. These shock waves exert strong pressure fluctuations on the surface of the droplets, causing local deformation of the droplet surface. As the airflow continues to act, these local pressure fluctuations cause the droplets to break apart. Existing nozzles have insufficient atomization effect in high wind speed and high dust concentration environments, and have low respirable dust capture efficiency. In high-dust environments such as coal mines, the throat of existing nozzles is easily blocked by particulate matter, and frequent shutdowns for cleaning are required. Supersonic airflow generates high-frequency noise, which seriously endangers the working environment, and a multi-scale coupling model is missing, which cannot guide the precise design of supersonic-rotational flow collaborative structures. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a supersonic rotational flow atomization dust removal nozzle device and a nozzle optimization simulation analysis method. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the above problems of the prior art, the present application provides a supersonic rotational flow atomization dust removal nozzle device and a nozzle optimization simulation analysis method. The Laval nozzle achieves high-speed acceleration of the airflow, and the rotating liquid supplied by the outer spiral channel has a high-efficiency dynamic interaction at the outlet of the nozzle, achieving excellent atomization effect. The coupling of rotational flow and supersonic jet improves atomization efficiency, enhances wind resistance, reduces water consumption, and achieves better droplet size matching and reduces the risk of blockage. Through airflow acceleration and kinetic energy conversion, efficient droplet breaking and uniform spraying are achieved, while ensuring that the droplet size meets the requirements for capturing coal dust.

[0005] The present application provides a supersonic rotational flow atomization dust removal nozzle device, which comprises an air inlet pipe, a liquid inlet, a shell, a Laval nozzle, an outer rotational flow pipeline, and an atomization nozzle. The Laval nozzle comprises a stable section, a subsonic contraction section, a transition section, an expansion section, and a wave-absorbing section. The Laval nozzle is arranged in the outer rotational flow pipeline. The air inlet pipe is connected to the stable section of the Laval nozzle. The liquid inlet is arranged in the shell near the stable section of the Laval nozzle. The wave-absorbing section of the Laval nozzle is connected to the atomization nozzle. The inner wall of the outer rotational flow pipeline is spirally arranged around the outside of the Laval nozzle. The side wall of the mixing chamber at the lower end of the throat of the Laval nozzle is provided with a spiral liquid film ring slot. The outlet of the atomization nozzle is provided with a spiral guide vane, forming a vortex fog field.

[0006] The Laval nozzle is an integrated cavity combining convergence, swirling throat, and supersonic expansion swirling flow. The pressure gradient of the supersonic swirling flow field is controlled through the swirling coupling cavity of the Laval nozzle. Based on the velocity gradient, the droplet residence time is dynamically optimized using hydrostatic pressure recovery and swirl attenuation in the expansion section. The spatial distribution and dust movement trajectory form atomization and construct a dynamic dust removal coupling field, specifically: ; In the formula, To increase dust removal efficiency, This is the nozzle structure coefficient. The nozzle droplet size is... The target droplet size of the nozzle. Let be the relative velocity of the droplets. The droplet number concentration, For droplet deformation time; By adaptively controlling the swirling intensity through spiral guide vanes and Laval nozzle variable cross-section cavities, supersonic liquid film impact and swirling shearing are synergistically atomized, enabling dynamic coordination of atomization, flow field, and capture.

[0007] Preferably, the inner cavity profile of the Laval nozzle is fitted by Boltzmann multi-curve fitting, and the wave-damping section of the Laval nozzle is a gradually expanding curved surface structure.

[0008] Preferably, a spiral shock wave generator is provided at the lower end of the throat of the Laval nozzle.

[0009] Preferably, an anti-clogging structure is provided at the outlet end of the atomizing nozzle.

[0010] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a simulation analysis method for nozzle optimization of a supersonic swirling atomizing dust removal nozzle device, which includes the following steps: S1. Based on the nozzle swirl angle, jet velocity and pressure parameters, establish a numerical model of transonic flow inside the nozzle; S2. Set the jet environment and boundary conditions, and use a multi-level densification strategy to adaptively mesh the numerical model of transonic flow in the nozzle. S3. The Realizable k-ε model and VOF are used to capture the supersonic gas-liquid two-phase flow in the nozzle and obtain the numerical simulation results of key atomization characteristic parameters, including nozzle droplet size distribution, droplet velocity field distribution and spray cone angle. S4. Based on the numerical simulation results, determine the correlation model between nozzle structure parameters and atomization dust removal performance, and optimize the nozzle curve using the particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the correlation model to obtain the optimal nozzle structure parameters. S5. Based on the optimal nozzle structure parameters, the dust removal effect and atomization characteristics of the nozzle are verified through experiments, and the comprehensive spray performance of the nozzle's spray angle, spray distance and dust particle size distribution is analyzed.

[0011] Preferably, the numerical model of transonic flow inside the nozzle in S1 includes modular models of the swirling generator, the contraction section, the throat, and the expansion section.

[0012] Preferably, the numerical simulation results in S3 include the relationship between the nozzle curve shape and the rate of change of the nozzle cross section and the velocity gradient and velocity distribution uniformity of the flow field.

[0013] Preferably, the Realizable k-ε model in S3 is a Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model coupled to the k-ε equations, with the cavitation source term embedded in the turbulence equations to capture the cavitation effect at the nozzle throat, as follows: ; In the formula, r b R is the radius distribution density of the nozzle cavitation. b Let α be the average radius of the nozzle cavitation. v This represents the gas phase volume fraction.

[0014] Preferably, the correlation model between the nozzle structural parameters and the atomization dust removal performance in S4 is as follows: ; In the formula, θ is the cone angle of the nozzle expansion section, P is the guide vane pitch, SMD is the average nozzle diameter, and η dust For dust removal efficiency.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in: (1) The supersonic swirling atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention achieves high-speed acceleration of airflow through a Laval tube, and interacts efficiently with the rotating liquid supplied by the outer ring spiral channel at the nozzle outlet, thereby achieving excellent atomization effect. By utilizing the coupling of swirling flow and supersonic jet, atomization efficiency is improved, wind resistance is enhanced, water consumption is reduced, and better droplet size matching is achieved while reducing the risk of clogging.

[0016] (2) The supersonic swirling atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention utilizes the supersonic airflow and swirling action to generate smaller but higher kinetic energy droplets, which can efficiently capture coal dust particles of different sizes in a wider spatial range. The nozzle optimization simulation analysis method is adopted to analyze the effect of the curve shape and the nozzle cross-section change rate on the flow field velocity gradient and velocity distribution uniformity, and optimize the nozzle result parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of the supersonic cyclone atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the supersonic cyclone atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the atomizing nozzle in the supersonic vortex atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the Laval nozzle in the supersonic swirl atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a multi-curve fitting effect diagram of the Laval nozzle in the supersonic swirl atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention; Figure 6 The flow diagrams of the Laval nozzle in different curved nozzles in the supersonic swirl atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention are shown. Figure 7 This is a physical image of the supersonic cyclone atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a test diagram of the nozzle water consumption of the supersonic vortex atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a wind resistance test diagram of the supersonic swirl atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is an experimental diagram showing the effective spray range of the supersonic swirl atomizing dust removal nozzle device of the present invention; Figure 11 The results show the dust particle size distribution of the Type II supersonic cyclone atomizing dust removal nozzle device of this invention.

[0018] Figure label: 1. Air inlet pipe; 2. Liquid inlet; 3. Shell; 4. Laval nozzle; 5. External swirl pipe; 6. Atomizing nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] The present invention relates to a supersonic cyclone atomizing dust removal nozzle device, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, it includes an air inlet pipe 1, a liquid inlet 2, a housing 3, a Laval nozzle 4, an outer swirling pipe 5, and an atomizing nozzle 6. The Laval nozzle 4 is located inside the outer swirling pipe 5. The air inlet pipe 1 is connected to the stable section of the Laval nozzle 4. The liquid inlet 2 is located inside the housing 3 near the stable section of the Laval nozzle 4. The wave-damping section of the Laval nozzle 4 is connected to the atomizing nozzle 6. The subsonic contraction section is fitted by Boltzmann multi-curve fitting. The inner wall of the outer swirling pipe spirals around the outside of the Laval nozzle. Spiral distributed liquid film annular slits are formed on the side wall of the mixing chamber at the lower end of the throat of the Laval nozzle. A spiral guide vane is provided at the outlet of the atomizing nozzle to form a vortex mist field. The inner cavity profile of the Laval nozzle 4 is fitted by Boltzmann multi-curve fitting, and the wave-damping section of the Laval nozzle has a gradually expanding curved surface structure. A spiral shock wave generator is provided at the lower end of the throat of the Laval nozzle 4. An anti-clogging structure is provided at the outlet end of the atomizing nozzle 6.

[0021] The Laval Nozzle 4 is an integrated cavity combining convergence, swirling throat, and supersonic expansion swirling flow. The pressure gradient of the supersonic swirling flow field is controlled through this swirling coupling cavity. Based on the velocity gradient, the droplet residence time is dynamically optimized using hydrostatic pressure recovery and swirl attenuation in the expansion section. The spatial distribution and dust movement trajectory form atomization and construct a dynamic dust removal coupling field, specifically: ; In the formula, To increase dust removal efficiency, This is the nozzle structure coefficient. The nozzle droplet size is... The target droplet size of the nozzle. Let be the relative velocity of the droplets. The droplet number concentration, The time is the time it takes for the droplets to deform.

[0022] By adaptively controlling the swirling intensity through spiral guide vanes and the four variable cross-section cavities of the Laval nozzle, the supersonic impact of the liquid film and the swirling shearing are coordinated to atomize, thus achieving dynamic coordination of atomization, flow field, and capture.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, the Laval nozzle 4 has a shrinkage ratio n=20 and a length-to-diameter ratio L / D of 1.3. The Laval nozzle 4 is made of nylon 12 + glass fiber powder or stainless steel.

[0024] This invention also provides a nozzle optimization simulation analysis method, which includes the following steps: S1. Based on the nozzle swirl angle, jet velocity and pressure parameters, establish a numerical model of transonic flow inside the nozzle.

[0025] The numerical model of transonic flow inside the nozzle includes modular models of the swirl generator, contraction section, throat, and expansion section.

[0026] S2. Set the jet environment and boundary conditions, and use a multi-level densification strategy to adaptively mesh the numerical model of transonic flow inside the nozzle.

[0027] S3. The Realizable k-ε model and VOF are used to capture the supersonic gas-liquid two-phase flow in the nozzle.

[0028] The Realizable k-ε model is a Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model coupled to the k-ε equations, with the cavitation source term embedded in the turbulence equations to capture the cavitation effect at the nozzle throat, as follows: ; In the formula, r b R is the radius distribution density of the nozzle cavitation. b Let α be the average radius of the nozzle cavitation. v This represents the gas phase volume fraction.

[0029] Numerical simulation results were obtained for key atomization characteristic parameters, including nozzle droplet size distribution, droplet velocity field distribution, and spray cone angle.

[0030] S4. Based on the numerical simulation results, determine the correlation model between the nozzle structural parameters and the atomization dust removal performance, specifically: ; In the formula, θ is the cone angle of the nozzle expansion section, P is the guide vane pitch, SMD is the average nozzle diameter, and η dust For dust removal efficiency.

[0031] Based on the correlation model, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the nozzle curve and obtain the optimal nozzle structure parameters.

[0032] S5. Based on the optimal nozzle structure parameters, the dust removal effect and atomization characteristics of the nozzle are verified through experiments, and the comprehensive spray performance of the nozzle's spray angle, spray distance and dust particle size distribution is analyzed.

[0033] like Figure 4As shown, the Laval nozzle 4 includes a stabilization section, a subsonic contraction section, a transition section, a dilation section, and a wave-damping section. The subsonic contraction section is derived from a Boltzmann function curve. Fitting and optimization methods are used to achieve the best smoothness and aerodynamic performance of the overall Laval nozzle profile. Through extensive experimental fitting analysis and comparison, it was found that the Boltzmann function can effectively integrate the advantages of each curve, has excellent adaptability to the smoothness of the Laval nozzle contraction section curve, and can achieve better transition flow control and kinetic energy retention while meeting design boundary conditions.

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, to verify the smoothing performance advantage of the Boltzmann curve in each segment, the Wittsinski curve, bicubic curve, quintic curve, and Boltzmann fitted curve were plotted on the same coordinate system.

[0035] like Figure 6 As shown, the established transonic flow numerical model, with four nozzle curve distributions (Boltzmann curve, quintic curve, Wittsinski curve, and bicubic curve), simulated transonic flow within four nozzle types. The study focused on the velocity distribution along the central axis of the nozzle to analyze the flow field characteristics of different Laval nozzle shapes, thus allowing for the selection of the optimal shape among the four nozzle types. The velocity field of the four nozzle shapes under a low pressure of Ptot = 0.2 MPa exhibited a banded distribution, with the highest velocity along the axis and gradually decreasing towards the wall. The flow field showed varying degrees of oscillation. As gas passed through the nozzle, its velocity increased with decreasing pressure; when x > 35 mm, the gas flowed through the nozzle into the atmosphere.

[0036] To address common problems in underground coal mines, such as poor spray performance, insufficient installation adaptability, high water consumption, inadequate wind resistance, and poor spray particle size matching, this invention develops and verifies a novel nozzle technology adapted to complex underground operating conditions. Based on relevant design theories and multiple rounds of numerical simulation results, a supersonic vortex nozzle was fabricated using 3D printing technology. The finished nozzle is shown in the image below. Figure 7 As shown, in order to improve the actual application performance of the nozzle in the downhole environment, while taking into account portability and structural strength, the spray shell has been specially optimized with lightweight and modular design. While ensuring durability, the overall weight has been greatly reduced, and the convenience of on-site installation and maintenance has been improved.

[0037] Spray performance evaluation experiment of supersonic swirl atomizing dust removal nozzle device: To comprehensively evaluate the overall performance of supersonic cyclone atomizing dust suppression nozzles in applications such as dust suppression in underground coal mines, a series of experiments were designed and implemented from multiple dimensions, covering key indicators such as water consumption, wind resistance, spray angle and effective distance, anti-clogging performance, droplet size, and dust reduction efficiency. By measuring each parameter separately, the nozzles can be systematically analyzed and compared in terms of water cost, stability under airflow interference, atomization coverage, clogging risk, droplet size distribution, and final dust control effect.

[0038] like Figure 8 As shown. An experiment was conducted using the "fixed water volume and time method" to observe the water flow rate of the nozzle under optimal operating conditions. These experimental data provide a deeper understanding of the nozzle's performance characteristics. After completing the water consumption experiment design and implementation, to further evaluate the actual water consumption and stability of ultrasonic nozzles, supersonic nozzles, supersonic swirl nozzles (Type I with a depth of 1 mm, Type II with a depth of 2 mm, and Type III with a depth of 4 mm) and mining dry fog nozzles under optimal operating conditions, the obtained flow rate data were compiled and analyzed. From the overall water consumption level, there are significant differences among the nozzles. The ultrasonic nozzle has the highest average water consumption, reaching 451 mL / min (27 L / h), followed by the Type III supersonic swirl nozzle, with an average water consumption of 375 mL / min (23 L / h). Both have high water consumption levels and are suitable for dust suppression scenarios with large spaces, high dust concentrations, and strong coverage requirements. The supersonic swirl nozzle type II has a similar water consumption to the mining dry fog nozzle, at 193 mL / min and 190 mL / min respectively, which is considered moderate water consumption and suitable for dust control needs in conventional work areas. The supersonic swirl nozzle type I has the lowest water consumption, at only 74 mL / min (4 L / h), demonstrating superior water-saving characteristics and making it suitable for water-constrained or water-saving work environments.

[0039] Test results of water and air consumption of various nozzles Table 4.2 Water consumption and air consumption test results of various nozzles Nozzle type ① Water consumption (mL / min) ② Water consumption (mL / min) ③ Water consumption (mL / min) Average water consumption (mL / min) Average water consumption (L / h) Gas consumption (m3 / h) Nozzle type I 77 75 70 74 4 2 Nozzle type II 186 192 200 193 12 5 Nozzle type III 370 367 388 375 23 8 Dry fog nozzle for mine 183 195 192 190 11 6 like Figure 9As shown, the supersonic swirl nozzle, by introducing a swirl structure and supersonic Laval jetting, effectively enhances the kinetic energy of the atomized airflow, enabling droplets to achieve a high initial velocity and form a clear, bundled fog curtain, thus possessing excellent wind resistance. Especially after optimizing the swirl channel parameters, such as with the Type II nozzle, a dynamic balance between droplet momentum and airflow disturbance is achieved, maximizing wind resistance stability. Therefore, in high-wind-speed areas of mines, to balance the relationship between droplet momentum and airflow disturbance, the use of small-channel or medium-channel supersonic swirl nozzles is preferred, especially the Type II nozzle, which, as a representative of optimized design, can achieve optimal wind resistance performance while ensuring dust suppression.

[0040] like Figure 10 As shown, the Type III supersonic swirl nozzle exhibits the best performance in terms of peak fog position, boundary integrity, concentration uniformity, and propulsion characteristics. It boasts the furthest peak fog position, delayed settling, continuous boundaries, uniform concentration, and stable propulsion, forming a complete three-dimensional fog barrier that provides reliable dust suppression for high-dust environments. Enlarging the water flow channel and optimizing the swirl structure are key to improving spray performance. To better suit nozzle adaptability in practical engineering applications, spray parameters can be further adjusted to meet different spatial requirements.

[0041] like Figure 11 As shown in the experimental results, the total dust reduction efficiency of the supersonic swirl nozzle type II reaches 97.6%, which is higher than that of the mining dry fog nozzle (94.2%) and natural settling (60.7%). It is particularly outstanding in its ability to capture small-diameter dust, with the proportion of dust particles smaller than 10μm reduced to 36%, demonstrating its highly efficient ability to capture fine particles.

[0042] Dust suppression method 1 min (mg·m-3) 3 min (mg·m-3) 5 min (mg·m-3) 7 min (mg·m-3) Natural settling 754.3 504.6 374.4 296.4 Dry fog nozzle for mine 802.6 347.7 132.5 46.7 Nozzle type II 785.5 239.1 69.58 18.7 This invention relates to a supersonic swirling atomizing dust removal nozzle device and a nozzle optimization simulation analysis method. It utilizes a Laval tube to achieve high-speed acceleration of the airflow, which interacts efficiently with the rotating liquid supplied by the outer annular spiral channel at the nozzle outlet, resulting in superior atomization. By coupling the swirling flow with the supersonic jet, it improves atomization efficiency, enhances wind resistance, and reduces water consumption, while achieving better droplet size matching and reducing clogging risk. Through airflow acceleration and kinetic energy conversion, it achieves efficient droplet breakage and uniform spraying, while ensuring the droplet size meets the requirements for capturing coal dust.

[0043] The above embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supersonic cyclone atomizing dust removal nozzle device, characterized in that: It includes an air inlet pipe, a liquid inlet, a housing, a Laval nozzle, an outer swirling pipe, and an atomizing nozzle. The Laval nozzle includes a stabilizing section, a subsonic contraction section, a transition section, a dilatation section, and a wave-damping section. The Laval nozzle is located inside the outer swirling pipe. The air inlet pipe is connected to the stabilizing section of the Laval nozzle. The liquid inlet is located inside the housing near the stabilizing section of the Laval nozzle. The wave-damping section of the Laval nozzle is connected to the atomizing nozzle. The inner wall of the outer swirling pipe is spirally wrapped around the outside of the Laval nozzle. The mixing chamber sidewall at the lower end of the throat of the Laval nozzle has spirally distributed liquid film annular slits. Spiral guide vanes are installed at the outlet of the atomizing nozzle to form a vortex mist field. The Laval nozzle is an integrated cavity combining convergence, swirling throat, and supersonic expansion swirling flow. The pressure gradient of the supersonic swirling flow field is controlled through the swirling coupling cavity of the Laval nozzle. Based on the velocity gradient, the droplet residence time is dynamically optimized using hydrostatic pressure recovery and swirl attenuation in the expansion section. The spatial distribution and dust movement trajectory form atomization and construct a dynamic dust removal coupling field, specifically: ； In the formula, To increase dust removal efficiency, This is the nozzle structure coefficient. The nozzle droplet size is... The target droplet size of the nozzle. Let be the relative velocity of the droplets. The droplet number concentration, For droplet deformation time; By adaptively controlling the swirling intensity through spiral guide vanes and Laval nozzle variable cross-section cavities, supersonic liquid film impact and swirling shearing are synergistically atomized, enabling dynamic coordination of atomization, flow field, and capture.

2. The supersonic cyclone atomizing dust removal nozzle device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner profile of the Laval nozzle is fitted by Boltzmann multi-curves, and the wave-damping section of the Laval nozzle has a gradually expanding curved surface structure.

3. The supersonic cyclone atomizing dust removal nozzle device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spiral shock generator is installed at the lower end of the throat of the Laval nozzle.

4. The supersonic cyclone atomizing dust removal nozzle device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An anti-clogging structure is provided at the outlet end of the atomizing nozzle.

5. A method for nozzle optimization simulation analysis of a supersonic swirling atomizing dust removal nozzle device based on any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Based on the nozzle swirl angle, jet velocity and pressure parameters, establish a numerical model of transonic flow inside the nozzle; S2. Set the jet environment and boundary conditions, and use a multi-level densification strategy to adaptively mesh the numerical model of transonic flow in the nozzle. S3. The Realizable k-ε model and VOF are used to capture the supersonic gas-liquid two-phase flow in the nozzle and obtain the numerical simulation results of key atomization characteristic parameters, including nozzle droplet size distribution, droplet velocity field distribution and spray cone angle. S4. Based on the numerical simulation results, determine the correlation model between nozzle structure parameters and atomization dust removal performance, and optimize the nozzle curve using the particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the correlation model to obtain the optimal nozzle structure parameters. S5. Based on the optimal nozzle structure parameters, the dust removal effect and atomization characteristics of the nozzle are verified through experiments, and the comprehensive spray performance of the nozzle's spray angle, spray distance and dust particle size distribution is analyzed.

6. The nozzle optimization simulation analysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The numerical model of transonic flow inside the nozzle in S1 includes modular models of the swirling generator, contraction section, throat, and expansion section.

7. The nozzle optimization simulation analysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The numerical simulation results in S3 include the effect of nozzle curve shape and nozzle cross-section change rate on the velocity gradient and velocity distribution uniformity of the flow field.

8. The nozzle optimization simulation analysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The Realizable k-ε model in S3 couples the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model to the k-ε equations, embedding the cavitation source term into the turbulence equations to capture the cavitation effect at the nozzle throat, as follows: ； In the formula, r b R is the radius distribution density of the nozzle cavitation. b Let α be the average radius of the nozzle cavitation. v This represents the gas phase volume fraction.

9. The nozzle optimization simulation analysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The correlation model between nozzle structural parameters and atomization dust removal performance in S4 is as follows: ； In the formula, θ is the cone angle of the nozzle expansion section, P is the guide vane pitch, SMD is the average nozzle diameter, and η dust For dust removal efficiency.

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