A stable photothermal anti-icing coating that can be produced on a large scale and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a stable light-heat anti-icing coating capable of being produced on a large scale and a preparation method, relates to the technical field of special coating, and comprises the following steps: dispersing SiO2 and CuO hollow microspheres in a solvent, adding resin material and a curing agent, stirring to obtain a primer solution, spraying the primer solution on the surface of a substrate, drying at 30-80 DEG C for 2-10h, obtaining a heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer, uniformly spraying fluorinated modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer by using a spray gun, and quickly matching and embedding the heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer with the sprayed fluorinated modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the surface of an ultrasonic vibration platform, and then drying in an oven at 30-50 DEG C for 30-60 min; the application can produce the light-heat super-hydrophobic coating in batches, and through geometric roughness amplification effect, the SiO2 and CuO hollow microspheres with different particle sizes are constructed into a coating in-plane heterogeneous structure with a 'peak-valley' structure under the action of different temperatures, and the wear resistance of the coating is remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of special coatings, and particularly relates to a stable light-heat anti-icing coating capable of being produced on a large scale and a preparation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The overhead contact system is a special power supply line for providing electric energy for electric locomotives or electric multiple units, and is an important component of the traction power supply system of electrified railway transportation. However, the atmospheric temperature, humidity, ice and snow, gale, fog, pollution, lightning and other weather conditions have a very obvious effect on the overhead contact system. The mechanical and electrical parameters of the overhead contact system, such as the wire sag, wire tension, suspension elasticity, mechanical tightness and spatial position of parts, insulation strength of equipment, current-carrying capacity of wires and the like, will change with the change of weather conditions. Sudden climate change can also cause major traffic accidents. Among them, the icing of the overhead contact system is the most common natural disaster of electrified railways, which mainly occurs in early winter and early spring. Compared with other disasters, the icing of the overhead contact system has the characteristics of wide disaster area, relatively large damage and difficult repair. In winter, China is often affected by cold waves, and large-scale and large-amplitude temperature and precipitation occur and last for a long time, which provides favorable conditions for the icing of the overhead contact system. Since the meteorological conditions of the range area are similar, once an icing event occurs, the disaster area is often very large. Therefore, the anti-icing research of key components such as the overhead contact system and insulators of electrified railways has important economic and social significance for China. It provides a more effective, more efficient and more energy-saving solution for the icing of high-speed railway overhead contact systems, so that high-speed railways can run safely, punctually and comfortably in any weather conditions, and provide better travel services for the general public, which can meet the major needs of the railway industry in China. For example, icing of wind power blades can change the aerodynamic shape of the blades, reduce the lift coefficient of the wind turbine and increase the resistance coefficient, resulting in a decrease in the output power of the wind turbine. Anti-icing can ensure the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine. In addition, uneven icing of the blades can cause increased vibration of the wind turbine, which may damage the mechanical parts of the wind turbine over a long period of time. Anti-icing can reduce this risk and prolong the service life of the wind turbine. In addition, uneven icing can also cause imbalance of the blades, and in extreme cases, the blades of the wind turbine can break and cause safety accidents. Anti-icing measures can help ensure the safe operation of the wind turbine. The light-heat super-hydrophobic coating is a recently proposed anti-icing technology. It integrates the advantages of using solar energy and the interaction between light-heat nanoparticles in the coating to generate heat to melt ice and the hydrophobic properties of super-hydrophobicity to delay icing, and both of them work together to meet the technical requirements of anti-icing. However, in the face of actual working conditions, the mechanical stability is poor, the weather resistance is not good, and the cost is too high, which cannot meet the requirements of large-scale production and application, greatly delaying the promotion and application of this kind of anti-icing coating. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of this, the application provides a stable light-thermal anti-icing coating and a preparation method thereof, which can be produced on a large scale.

[0004] The application discloses a preparation method of a stable light-thermal anti-icing coating which can be produced on a large scale.

[0005] Step S1: uniformly disperse SiO2 and CuO hollow microspheres in a solvent, add resin material and curing agent, stir to obtain a primer solution, uniformly spray the primer solution on the surface of a substrate by a spray gun, dry the sprayed substrate at 30-80 DEG C, and obtain a heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer.

[0006] Before drying, the primer solution forms a wet film on the surface of the substrate, the coated substrate is dried under different temperature conditions, the SiO2 and CuO hollow microspheres are included in the lower layer of the wet film, when the liquid phase in the wet film is evaporated, the CuO hollow microspheres with a larger volume form a stacking structure, and after the solvent in the paint layer on the surface of the stacking structure is evaporated, a "peak-valley" heterogeneous structure similar to a valley shape with different roughnesses is formed on the surface of the coating, and under the condition that other conditions are determined, the roughness is positively correlated with the size of the copper oxide microspheres.

[0007] In addition, the "peak-valley" heterogeneous structure is in the range of 30-80 DEG C, and the specific value of the roughness is positively correlated with the temperature change as a whole, so that the specific value of the roughness can be determined by adjusting the drying temperature, for example, when the CuO particle size is 100 nm and the amount is 2 g, the roughness of the surface of the coating basically does not exceed 5 Ra when the temperature interval is 30-40 DEG C, and the roughness corresponding to 70-80 DEG C is more than 10 Ra.

[0008] The main reason for this result is that in the lower temperature range, such as 30-40℃, the coating is not fully cured due to the surface tension, and the "peak-valley" heterogeneous structure is easily filled with the primer solution. At the same time, a large amount of liquid phase also makes the CuO hollow microspheres tend to disperse and move in the liquid phase, thereby causing the "peak-valley" to be relatively flat, further reducing the roughness of the surface constructed at this temperature range. In the range of 40-70℃, the coating curing speed is uniform, the primer solution viscosity is moderate, and the solvent evaporation rate can well match the curing speed, so that the CuO hollow microspheres are more uniformly and stably stacked, and a more stable and deeper "peak-valley" structure can be formed. For the range of 70-80℃, the organic solvent has a faster evaporation rate, so that the CuO hollow microspheres are fixed by the dried primer layer before they have time to move uniformly with the solvent, thereby generating a surface structure with greater roughness.

[0009] In addition, SiO2 in the primer solution also has a geometric roughness amplification effect on CuO hollow microspheres with larger size. SiO2 is more likely to accumulate at the top of CuO hollow microspheres with more advantages in mass and size before the paint film is formed, further increasing the roughness of the coating. Under the condition that the other conditions are determined, the amount of SiO2 is also positively correlated with the roughness.

[0010] Therefore, by adjusting the drying temperature within the above range and combining SiO2 in the primer solution, the surface roughness of the heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer with CuO hollow microspheres can be controlled.

[0011] In addition, CuO hollow microspheres are the main skeleton material for forming the "peak-valley" heterogeneous structure, and the amount is also positively correlated with the roughness of the surface of the heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer. This is because CuO hollow microspheres are the skeleton structure of "peak-valley", and the more the amount, the more conducive to building "peak-valley". However, excessive amount may lead to insufficient fluidity of the primer solution. Therefore, the amount of CuO hollow microspheres can be determined to obtain an appropriate value according to the experiment.

[0012] Step S2: uniformly spray fluorinated modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer by a spray gun, and quickly match the fluorinated modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer on the surface of the ultrasonic vibration platform, and then dry in an oven at 30-50℃.

[0013] The principle of matching embedding is that under ultrasonic vibration, carbon nanotubes will preferentially fill the groove structure between "peak-valley", improve the density of the surface coating, and further improve the mechanical properties of the coating.

[0014] Wherein, the MWCNTs are fluorinated modified carbon nanotubes, which have low surface energy and are easy to be embedded into the grooves between the "peak-valley" structures, and the modification can be obtained by modifying the MWCNTs with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES).

[0015] An embodiment of the present application is that the amount of SiO2 in step S1 is 0.5-2 g; the amount of CuO hollow microspheres is 0.5-3.5 g; the amount of solvent is 10-50 mL; the amount of resin material is 5-20 g, and the amount of curing agent is 10% of the resin material; and the stirring time of the resin material and the curing agent is 10-60 min.

[0016] In step S2, the fluorinated modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes have a tube diameter range of 5-15 nm, and the amount is 0.1-0.5 g.

[0017] An embodiment of the present application is that the caliber of the spray gun in steps S1 and S2 is 0.5-2.0 mm, and the spray gun pressure in step S2 is 0.15-0.35 MPa.

[0018] An embodiment of the present application is that the matching embedded ultrasonic vibration power in step S2 is 100-500 W, and the ultrasonic time is 1-5 min.

[0019] An embodiment of the present application is that the particle size of SiO2 in step S1 is 10-50 nm; and the particle size of CuO hollow microspheres is 100-300 nm.

[0020] An embodiment of the present application is that the solvent in step S1 is one of butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, anhydrous ethanol, and dimethylbenzene.

[0021] An embodiment of the present application is that the resin material in step S1 is one of fluorocarbon resin, polyurea resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, and acrylic resin.

[0022] An embodiment of the present application is that the curing agent in step S1 is one of aliphatic isocyanate, aromatic isocyanate, acid anhydride curing agent, and amino curing agent.

[0023] An embodiment of the present application is that the surface roughness of the heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer in step S1 ranges from 0.5Ra to 15Ra.

[0024] In addition, the present application also discloses a stable photothermal anti-icing coating layer which can be produced on a large scale and prepared by the above method.

[0025] The technical effect of the present application is that:

[0026] 1、The preparation scheme adopted by the present application can produce the photothermal super-hydrophobic coating in batches, through the geometric roughness amplification effect, the SiO2 and CuO hollow microspheres with different particle sizes can realize the rapid volatilization of the organic solvent and gravity sedimentation under the action of different temperatures, and then construct the in-plane heterostructure with the "peak-valley" structure, so that the wear resistance of the coating is significantly improved.

[0027] 2、The present application realizes the matching embedding of the PFDTES modified MWCNTs in the "peak-valley" structure, so that the "peak-valley" structure serves as a supporting performance to resist external force friction and protects the friction dissipation of the MWCNTs with super-hydrophobic performance. At the same time, under the action of ultrasonic waves, the MWCNTs can fully fill in the "valley bottom", enhance the mechanical properties of the coating, and realize that the coating still has excellent hydrophobic performance under long-distance friction.

[0028] 3、The CuO hollow microspheres introduced in the coating of the present application can utilize the narrow-band gap wide-band absorption and the non-radiation relaxation effect of the semiconductor to generate heat, cooperate with the high axial thermal conductivity of the MWCNTs and the local high temperature generated by the electron-phonon coupling effect after wide-band absorption, so that the coating has rapid photothermal excitation ability and facing transmission ability, improves the heating efficiency, and effectively realizes rapid ice melting and long-acting anti-icing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Figure a is a micro-morphology structure diagram of the "peak-valley" structure of the coating surface of the present application embodiment 1;

[0030] Figure 1 Figure b is a micro-morphology structure diagram of the "peak-valley" structure of the coating surface of the present application embodiment 2;

[0031] Figure 1 Figure c is a micro-morphology structure diagram of the "peak-valley" structure of the coating surface of the present application embodiment 3;

[0032] Figure 1 Figure a2 is a micro-morphology structure diagram of the "peak-valley" structure of the coating surface after friction of the present application embodiment 1;

[0033] Figure 1 Figure b2 is a micro-morphology structure diagram of the "peak-valley" structure of the coating surface after friction of the present application embodiment 2;

[0034] Figure 1 Figure c2 is a micro-morphology structure diagram of the "peak-valley" structure of the coating surface after friction of the present application embodiment 3;

[0035] Figure 2 Figure is the result diagram of the irradiation photothermal experiment of the coating with different MWCNTs dosages in the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 Figure 1 is a graph of the results of the coating surface water droplet contact angle test for different amounts of MWCNTs in the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 Figure 2 is a graph of the results of the abrasion resistance performance characterization experiment of Example 2 in the present application;

[0038] Figure 4 Figure 3 is a graph of the results of the weather resistance performance characterization experiment of Example 2 in the present application;

[0039] Figure 5 Figure 4 is a graph of the results of the anti-icing effect performance test experiment of Example 2 in the present application;

[0040] Figure 6 Figure 5 is a graph of the results of the delay icing time performance test experiment of Example 2 in the present application;

[0041] Figure 7 Figure 6 is a graph of the results of the coating field performance test experiment of Example 2 in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present application will be further described in conjunction with the examples below, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto, wherein the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; and the materials, reagents, etc. used therein are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] (1) Preparation of the "peak-valley" heterogeneous structure abrasion resistant layer

[0045] 1.0 g of SiO2 with a particle size of 20 nm and 1.0 g of CuO hollow microspheres with a particle size of 100 nm were uniformly dispersed in 30 mL of ethyl acetate organic solvent, and then 10 g of fluorocarbon resin was added, followed by the addition of 1.0 g of aliphatic isocyanate curing agent, and the mixture was stirred thoroughly for 30 min. A 0.5 mm caliber spray gun was used to uniformly spray the mixture onto the surface of the substrate. After that, the mixture was placed in an oven for drying, with the temperature controlled at 30°C. By taking advantage of the different volatilization properties of the solvents, a "peak-valley" heterogeneous structure surface with a roughness of 2.03 Ra was constructed.

[0046] (2) Embedding of the low surface energy modified MWCNTs

[0047] 0.5 g of PFDTES modified MWCNTs with a tube diameter of 5 nm were uniformly sprayed on the "peak-valley" structure surface through a spray gun with a caliber of 0.5 mm at a spray gun pressure of 0.2 MPa, and then quickly fixed on the surface of an ultrasonic vibration platform. Matching embedding was performed at a power of 300 W for 1 min, and then placed in a drying oven at 40°C for 30 min.

[0048] The preparation method of the CuO hollow microspheres is as follows:

[0049] 10 parts of polystyrene (PS) emulsion with a particle size of 100 nm were weighed by weight parts, ultrasonically dispersed in 2 parts of Cu(NO3)2 solution, dropwise added with NaOH to pH=12, and then stirred at 75°C for 3 h. Then centrifuged and washed, vacuum dried at 60°C, and then calcined at 400°C for 4 hours in one of air, nitrogen, and argon, to obtain CuO particles with a cavity size of 100 nm.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] (1) Preparation of "peak-valley" heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer

[0052] 1.5 g of SiO2 with a particle size of 20 nm and 1.0 g of CuO hollow microspheres with a particle size of 150 nm were uniformly dispersed in 30 mL of anhydrous ethanol organic solvent, uniformly dispersed, and then 10 g of fluorocarbon resin was added, followed by the addition of 1.0 g of acid anhydride curing agent, and fully stirred for 30 min. A spray gun with a caliber of 0.5 mm was used to uniformly spray the surface of the substrate. Then placed in an oven for drying, with the temperature controlled at 55°C, and the roughness of the "peak-valley" heterogeneous structure surface was constructed to be 8.11 Ra by using the different volatilization properties of solvents.

[0053] (2) Embedding of low surface energy modified MWCNTs

[0054] 0.5 g of PFDTES modified MWCNTs with a tube diameter of 10 nm were uniformly sprayed on the "peak-valley" structure surface through a spray gun with a caliber of 0.5 mm at a spray gun pressure of 0.2 MPa, and then quickly fixed on the surface of an ultrasonic vibration platform. Matching embedding was performed at a power of 300 W for 1 min, and then placed in a drying oven at 40°C for 30 min.

[0055] The preparation method of the CuO hollow microspheres is as follows:

[0056] The polystyrene (PS) emulsion with a particle size of 100 nm was weighed at 10 parts by weight, ultrasonically dispersed in 2 parts of Cu(NO3)2 solution, NaOH was added dropwise until pH=12, then stirred at 75°C for 3h. Then centrifuged and washed, vacuum dried at 60°C, then calcined at 400°C for 4 hours in one of air, nitrogen, argon, to obtain CuO particles with a cavity size of 100 nm.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] (1) Preparation of "peak-valley" heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer

[0059] 2.0g of SiO2 with a particle size of 10nm and 1.0g of CuO hollow microspheres with a particle size of 200nm were uniformly dispersed in 30mL of butyl acetate organic solvent, uniformly dispersed, then 10g of fluorocarbon resin was added, followed by the addition of 1.0g of amino curing agent, and then stirred for 30min. A 0.5mm diameter spray gun was used to uniformly spray the surface of the substrate. Then it was placed in an oven for drying, with the temperature controlled at 80°C. By taking advantage of the different volatilization properties of solvents, a "peak-valley" heterogeneous structure surface with a roughness of 12.83Ra was constructed.

[0060] (2) Embedding of low surface energy modified MWCNTs

[0061] 0.5g of PFDTES modified MWCNTs with a tube diameter of 10nm were uniformly sprayed onto the "peak-valley" structure surface using a 0.5mm diameter spray gun at a spray pressure of 0.2MPa, and then quickly fixed onto the surface of an ultrasonic vibration platform for matching embedding at a power of 300W for 1min, and then placed in a 40°C oven for drying for 30min.

[0062] The preparation method of the CuO hollow microspheres is as follows:

[0063] The polystyrene (PS) emulsion with a particle size of 100 nm was weighed at 10 parts by weight, ultrasonically dispersed in 2 parts of Cu(NO3)2 solution, NaOH was added dropwise until pH=12, then stirred at 75°C for 3h. Then centrifuged and washed, vacuum dried at 60°C, then calcined at 400°C for 4 hours in one of air, nitrogen, argon, to obtain CuO particles with a cavity size of 100 nm.

[0064] Performance evaluation

[0065] I. Micro-morphology evaluation

[0066] The different "peak-valley" in-plane heterogeneous structure surfaces of the coatings in Examples 1-3 constructed from SiO2 and CuO particles were observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the specific micro-morphologies were as follows:Figure 1 a, Figure 1 b and Figure 1 c, the roughness of the samples of Examples 1-3 is 2.03, 8.11 and 12.83 respectively.

[0067] Then, 200g weights are placed on the sandpaper of No. 800, and the surfaces of the coatings of the three groups of examples are reciprocally rubbed 2m 1 time respectively, and the micro-morphology of the "peak-valley" surfaces of each example is observed, as shown in Figure 1 a2, Figure 1 b2, Figure 1 c2.

[0068] As can be seen from Figure 1 a2, the "peak-valley" surface prepared in Example 1 has less "peak-valley" structure due to the insufficient content of SiO2 and CuO in the coating, and the contact area with the sandpaper is increased, which promotes the occurrence of adhesive wear.

[0069] As can be seen from Figure 1 b2, the "peak-valley" surface structure of the coating prepared in Example 2 under the condition of drying at 55℃ has more uniform particle distribution due to the moderate temperature and particle size of the raw materials, and can form more stable "peak-valley" structure, and the wear degree is obviously less than that of Figure 1 a2 and Figure 1 c2.

[0070] And Figure 2 c2 is the sample surface with a roughness of 12.83, and the content of SiO2 and CuO is relatively high, and the mechanical properties of the coating are decreased, and a large amount of wear debris is generated after friction, which promotes the occurrence of abrasive wear, so adhesive wear and slight abrasive wear occur, and since the particle size of the CuO hollow microspheres used in Example 3 is large, the coating has more pores, which is not conducive to the protection of the coating, and the wear degree is higher than that of Example 2.

[0071] In summary, the sample surfaces with roughness of 2.03, 8.11 and 12.83 have different wear degrees, but the distribution of nanoparticles on the surfaces of each coating is relatively uniform, and no micro-pore cracks occur, which proves the effective construction of the wear-resistant "peak-valley" structure.

[0072] II. Test of photo-thermal performance of the coating

[0073] The coating in Example 2 is prepared on a substrate, and the substrate is tinplate, and the photo-thermal performance test is carried out at room temperature under the condition of 200mW / cm 2 , and the amount of modified MWCNTs is adjusted to prepare multiple groups of coatings for parallel experiments, and the results are shown in Figure 2 Figure 3 ​It can be seen that when the irradiation time is 1000s, the photo-thermal temperature of the coating of Example 2 can reach about 58℃, and the photo-thermal effect of the coating with the rest of the amount is close to that of the coating of Example 2, and the photo-thermal temperature without using MWCNTs will decrease significantly, which is due to the heat generated by the narrow band gap of CuO and the non-radiation relaxation effect of the semiconductor, and the local high temperature generated by the electronic-phonon coupling effect after the high axial thermal conductivity of MWCNTs and the wide band absorption, which significantly improves the photo-thermal excitation ability and the transfer ability of the coating.

[0074] III. Surface performance test of the coating

[0075] At room temperature, the contact angle of the liquid drop of the coating with the MWCNTs amount of 0~5.0g in the aforementioned photo-thermal performance test was tested in a contact angle tester, 5μm water drop was placed on the surface of the substrate covered with the coating, and the contact angle was measured, and the specific results are shown in Figure 3

[0076] As shown in Figure 3 It can be seen that the contact angle of the coating without MWCNTs (i.e. the structure layer in Figure 4 ) is significantly lower than that of the coating with MWCNTs, and the coating with MWCNTs can exhibit excellent hydrophobic performance.

[0077] IV. Abrasion resistance and weather resistance test

[0078] The coating in Example 2 was sprayed on one side of the substrate, the coating side was kept in contact with the 800# sandpaper, 500g weight was placed on the uncoated surface of the substrate, and the horizontal push-pull force was applied to the weight at room temperature, so that the sandpaper and the coating were in frictional contact, and after the frictional movement distance reached 5000cm, the contact angle of the coating surface during friction was tested to characterize the abrasion resistance, and the structure is shown in Figure 4 , wherein the initial contact angle is 159.6°, after 1000cm friction, the contact angle is 157.3°, and after 5000cm friction, the contact angle is still about 124.7°.

[0079] At the same time, the above coating was subjected to high temperature irradiation test at 60℃, 1W / m 2 for 50h, so as to characterize the weather resistance, and the specific results are shown in Figure 5 It can be seen that the water contact angle of the coating changes from 159.6° to 157.3°, so it can be seen that the coating in the present application has excellent abrasion resistance and weather resistance.

[0080] V. Anti-icing effect performance test

[0081] ​The anti-icing effect of the coating prepared in Example 2 was tested in an environment of -10°C. Specifically, a composite board covered on one side with the coating prepared in Example 2 and uncovered on the other side was placed in an artificial climate test chamber for about 2 hours for testing. After uniform spraying on both sides, the icing conditions of the coated surface and the uncoated surface were observed.

[0082] As can be seen from Figure 6 , the photothermal anti-icing coating has excellent anti-icing effect. The front surface of the composite board covered with the coating is not covered with ice crystals, while the surface of the back of the composite board not sprayed with the coating is covered with a large amount of ice, proving that the coating of the present application has good anti-icing effect.

[0083] Six, delay icing time performance test

[0084] Figure 7 The main delay icing time test is shown. Under the condition of -5°C and RH = 63%, the left side is a composite board substrate not covered with a photothermal anti-icing coating, and the right side is a composite board sprayed with a stable photothermal anti-icing coating prepared in Example 2. The same volume of water droplets was dropped on the surfaces of the two composite boards, and the icing time was investigated. It can be observed that the liquid water on the surface of the composite board substrate began to freeze at 4 minutes and 36 seconds, and completely froze at 23 minutes and 4 seconds. The water on the surface of the composite board sprayed with the stable photothermal anti-icing coating began to freeze at 47 minutes and 14 seconds, and completely froze at 65 minutes and 7 seconds. The complete icing time was prolonged by about 42 minutes, proving that the photothermal anti-icing coating in the present application can delay icing for a long time.

[0085] Seven, on-site performance test of the coating

[0086] In an outdoor environment of -10°C and RH = 80%, a composite board substrate not covered with a photothermal anti-icing coating and a composite board sprayed with a stable photothermal anti-icing coating prepared in Example 2 were selected. The same volume of ice and snow was scattered on the two board bodies, and the icing and melting conditions of the two samples were investigated after about 21 minutes. The specific results are shown in ​ .

[0087] The amount of ice on the surface of the photothermal anti-icing coating is significantly lower than that of the uncoated white board, and the melting speed is also significantly faster than that of the uncoated board. Moreover, the surface of the photothermal anti-icing coating does not appear to be adhered, proving that the photothermal anti-icing coating in the present application has excellent anti-icing effect.

[0088] In summary, the construction of the structural layer greatly protects the functional layer, making it exhibit excellent wear resistance, and the C-F bond in the fluorinated modified multi-walled carbon nanotube can resist the damage of high temperature and ultraviolet light, making it have long-term protective effect. This stable photo-thermal anti-icing coating has long-term service capability in dynamic icing conditions, and has great value in the practical application of anti-icing of rail transit catenary and wind power generation blades.

[0089] The above merely describes preferred specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the embodiments of the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a stable photothermal anti-icing coating that can be produced at scale, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: uniformly dispersing SiO2 and CuO hollow microspheres in a solvent, adding a resin material and a curing agent, stirring to obtain a primer solution, spraying the primer solution on the surface of a substrate by a spray gun, drying the sprayed substrate at 30-80℃ for 2-10h to obtain a heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer; Step S2: uniformly spraying fluorinated modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer by a spray gun, and quickly matching and embedding the fluorinated modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer on the surface of an ultrasonic vibration platform, and then drying in an oven at 30-50℃ for 30-60min.

2. The method for preparing a scalable, stable photothermal anti-icing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of SiO2 added in step S1 is 0.5-2g; the amount of CuO hollow microspheres added is 0.5-3.5g; the amount of solvent used is 10-50mL; the amount of resin material added is 5-20g, and the amount of curing agent added is 10% of the resin material; the stirring time for adding the resin material and the curing agent is 10-60min; The fluorinated modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes in step S2 have a tube diameter range of 5-15nm, and the amount used is 0.1-0.5g.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is scalable for mass production of the stable photothermal anti-icing coating. The caliber of the spray gun in steps S1 and S2 is 0.5-2.0mm, and the spray gun pressure of the spray gun in step S2 is 0.15-0.35MPa.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is scalable for mass production of the stable photothermal anti-icing coating. The ultrasonic vibration power of the matching embedding in step S2 is 100-500W, the ultrasonic frequency is 20-60KHz, and the ultrasonic time is 1-5min.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is scalable for mass production of the stable photothermal anti-icing coating. The particle size of SiO2 in step S1 is 10-50nm; the particle size of CuO hollow microspheres is 100-300nm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is scalable for mass production of the stable photothermal anti-icing coating. The solvent in step S1 is one of butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, anhydrous ethanol, and dimethylbenzene.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is scalable for mass production of the stable photothermal anti-icing coating. The resin material in step S1 is one of fluorocarbon resin, polyurea resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, and acrylic resin.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is scalable for mass production of the stable photothermal anti-icing coating. The curing agent in step S1 is one of aliphatic isocyanate, aromatic isocyanate, acid anhydride curing agent, and amino curing agent.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is scalable for mass production of the stable photothermal anti-icing coating. The surface roughness of the heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer in step S1 ranges from 0.5Ra to 15Ra.

10. A stable photothermal anti-icing coating that can be produced at scale, characterized in that, The heterogeneous structure wear-resistant layer is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-9.

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